24:
269:
profitable quarter, and members of the board allegedly feared that
Crystal was beginning to grow too fast for the amount of remaining cash reserves the company had, prompting them to layoff 15 workers in the beginning of 1989. Crystal later achieved its first profitable quarter in August 1989; afterward, the company posted nine straight profitable quarters in a row. Employment at Crystal hovered around 100 between 1989 and 1990; by May 1991 the company had grown to 150 workers.
293:–based fabless semiconductor company specializing in personal computer chips, announced the acquisition of Crystal in a stock swap worth roughly $ 59 million at the time. The acquisition was completed in late October 1991, the company becoming an independent subsidiary of Cirrus Logic while retaining its headquarters, name, and marketing team. After the acquisition, Crystal pivoted away from general-purpose converters to
305:
Crystal under Cirrus Logic's ownership employed 429 in 1995. Between 1997 and 1998 the company cut 30 jobs, amid a wave of layoffs at Cirrus Logic affecting between 400 and 500 workers total. Clardy left the company in 1997, citing overbearing management from Cirrus Logic. That year, Crystal launched
301:
ASICs for personal computers. Prompted by growing sales and employment, between April and June 1993, the company's 350 workers moved out from their old headquarters to a new plant in Austin four times its size. Around the same time, Cirrus Logic earmarked another 45,000-square-foot plant in the area
268:
that year. The order for the chip was the largest the converter industry had seen up to that point. By the end of the year, Crystal generated $ 5.5 million in sales and employed 120 workers. Despite growth in all its departments and a tripling of overall sales, the company had yet to post a
205:
before co-founding
Crystal. Immediately after forming Crystal, Callahan transferred TME's assets over to his new company. Unlike TME, Crystal was a full-on semiconductor fabricator, the company groundbreaking a 10,000-square-foot plant in Austin with the US$ 5 million of capital they had
278:
229:
decoder—for the telecommunications industry. Fabrication of the chip was subcontracted out to foundries in
California, Canada, and Singapore. In June 1986, Crystal announced an analog circuit development system, comprising an
251:
Within 1988, the company had grown by 300 percent and reached 100 employees by
October that year. In that same month the company was commissioned by an alliance of airline companies for the design of an analog
222:, computers, and automobile stereos; the production of such converters constituted a US$ 600-million industry at the time. The founders hoped to reach $ 100 million in sales within its first five years.
321:
In April 2000, Cirrus Logic relocated their headquarters and management from San Jose to
Crystal's home of Austin, citing a pivot away from video controller chips to Crystal's specialty of audio and
225:
Employment at
Crystal grew tenfold from 1984 to 1986, the company having about 70 workers on its payroll in March 1986. The following month the company delivered their first chip, the CSC8870B—a
201:. Callahan, the principal founder, had previously incorporated Texas Micro Engineering (TME), a fabless semiconductor firm, in Austin in 1979. Clardy meanwhile was a 21-year veteran designer at
157:, and active from 1984 to the early 2000s. Founded by Michael J. Callahan and James H. Clardy, the company originally specialized in the design and manufacture of silicon for
955:
372:
950:
318:
technology. The courts ruled in favor of
Crystal in late 1999 or early 2000, ordering TriTech and OPTi to pay their portion of a combined $ 20 million.
238:—dubbed the Crystal-ICE Filter Development System—and the company's new CSC7008 filter chip. This development system was featured on the front cover of
945:
935:
248:, a Japanese chemical and electronics conglomerate, purchased an eight-percent stake in Crystal in exchange for flushing the company with new capital.
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controller chips. By 2002, Cirrus Logic had absorbed
Crystal into their base of operations and finally retired the name.
226:
560:
552:
495:
436:
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211:
207:
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Crystal
Semiconductor Corporation was incorporated in 1984 by Michael J. Callahan and James H. Clardy in
166:
162:
285:
The company exceeded $ 100 million in sales for the first time in 1991. In
September 1991,
833:
235:
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307:
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174:
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and Singapore-based TriTech Microelectronics for alleged patent infringement of Crystal's
8:
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219:
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178:
177:, in 1991 for about $ 59 million, the company became a dominant player in the
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605:"Crystal Semiconductor reports first profitable quarter since 1984 start"
261:
245:
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181:
700:. Dow Jones & Company: B4. September 4, 1991 – via ProQuest.
206:
initially raised. The company initially focused on the production of
244:
magazine. In January 1987, by which point Crystal had 85 employees.
694:"Cirrus Logic Inc.: Chip Maker Agrees to Buy Crystal Semiconductor"
277:
260:
threats for both pilots and air traffic controllers—a feature of
294:
343:"The chip manufacturers: Who's who and what have they got?"
311:
579:"Crystal lays off 15 workers, announces increase in sales"
387:
on December 27, 2014 – via Computer History Museum.
815:"As Austin High-Tech Firms Mature, Patent Suits Boom"
956:
Defunct semiconductor companies of the United States
844:(21). IDG Publications: 29 – via Google Books.
353:(12). Online, Incorporated: 35 – via ProQuest.
821:. Dow Jones & Company: T1 – via ProQuest.
370:
719:. Dow Jones & Company: 1 – via ProQuest.
834:"Chip Maker Wins Big in Patent Infringement Suit"
907:
951:Defunct computer companies of the United States
272:
264:systems that had recently been mandated by the
672:"Crystal mergers with California chip company"
192:
598:
596:
808:
806:
710:
665:
663:
647:
641:
471:
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876:"With chips, Cicada hears click of success"
366:
364:
362:
360:
593:
572:
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553:"Nation seeing Austin as high-tech heaven"
422:
420:
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169:(ADC) converters. After being acquired by
153:was an American computer company based in
22:
946:Computer companies disestablished in 2002
936:American companies disestablished in 2002
873:
854:
803:
771:
752:
729:
669:
660:
429:"New chipmaker makes Austin its hometown"
396:
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380:. Dataquest Incorporated. Archived from
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831:
790:
567:
532:Sullivan, Kathleen (January 26, 1987).
525:
513:Sullivan, Kathleen (January 21, 1987).
506:
489:
487:
467:
465:
450:Sullivan, Kathleen (January 27, 1986).
413:
941:Computer companies established in 1984
931:American companies established in 1984
908:
867:
628:
544:
443:
427:Mitchell, Russell (October 25, 1984).
391:
334:
812:
670:Ladendorf, Kirk (September 5, 1991).
629:Breyer, R. Michelle (June 22, 1995).
619:
474:"Crystal announces its first circuit"
340:
281:A Crystal CS4231 sound chip from 1994
857:"Cirrus Logic will call Austin home"
848:
772:Ladendorf, Kirk (October 27, 1998).
602:
576:
550:
484:
462:
302:for them to occupy in January 1994.
130:in 1991; absorbed into Cirrus Logic
961:Defunct computer hardware companies
793:"Whipping chip startups into shape"
732:"Crystal Semiconductor gains steam"
494:Sullivan, Kathleen (June 9, 1986).
374:A Decade of Semiconductor Companies
13:
874:Ladendorf, Kirk (April 22, 2002).
855:Ladendorf, Kirk (April 27, 2000).
755:"Chip maker grows to new quarters"
534:"U.S. firms take partners on line"
14:
977:
889:
753:Ladendorf, Kirk (June 17, 1993).
730:Ladendorf, Kirk (April 5, 1993).
711:Staff writer (October 28, 1991).
452:"Circuit bridges built in Austin"
371:Components Division (June 1988).
151:Crystal Semiconductor Corporation
17:Crystal Semiconductor Corporation
813:Flood, Mary (January 19, 2000).
761:: C9 – via Newspapers.com.
656:: E1 – via Newspapers.com.
540:: D1 – via Newspapers.com.
521:: E7 – via Newspapers.com.
502:: C1 – via Newspapers.com.
480:: C1 – via Newspapers.com.
458:: D1 – via Newspapers.com.
409:: C1 – via Newspapers.com.
159:mixed-signal integrated circuits
926:2002 disestablishments in Texas
832:Collett, Stacy (May 24, 1999).
825:
791:Hawkins, Lori (July 11, 2005).
746:
723:
713:"Cirrus Logic Completes Merger"
704:
686:
551:Pope, Kyle (October 23, 1988).
401:Staff writer (March 29, 1986).
577:Pope, Kyle (January 4, 1989).
515:"Japanese buy part of Crystal"
496:"Crystal's chip becomes pinup"
472:Staff writer (April 9, 1986).
1:
921:1991 mergers and acquisitions
902: (archived April 7, 1997)
648:Staff writer (May 11, 1991).
603:Pope, Kyle (August 1, 1989).
341:Fritz, Mark (December 1995).
328:
131:
916:1984 establishments in Texas
273:Cirrus Logic era (1991–2002)
7:
742:– via Newspapers.com.
682:– via Newspapers.com.
615:– via Newspapers.com.
589:– via Newspapers.com.
563:– via Newspapers.com.
439:– via Newspapers.com.
193:Independent era (1984–1991)
110:; 22 years ago
70:; 40 years ago
10:
982:
882:: D1 – via ProQuest.
863:: D1 – via ProQuest.
799:: D1 – via ProQuest.
780:: D1 – via ProQuest.
637:: D1 – via ProQuest.
187:
880:Austin American-Statesman
861:Austin American-Statesman
797:Austin American-Statesman
778:Austin American-Statesman
759:Austin American-Statesman
736:Austin American-Statesman
676:Austin American-Statesman
654:Austin-American Statesman
635:Austin American-Statesman
609:Austin-American Statesman
583:Austin-American Statesman
557:Austin American-Statesman
538:Austin American-Statesman
519:Austin American-Statesman
500:Austin American-Statesman
478:Austin American-Statesman
456:Austin American-Statesman
433:Austin American-Statesman
407:Austin American-Statesman
138:
122:
104:
87:
64:
47:
30:
21:
819:The Wall Street Journal
717:The Wall Street Journal
698:The Wall Street Journal
40:Subsidiary (after 1991)
774:"Changing Austin tech"
282:
280:
291:San Jose, California
234:application for the
232:in-circuit emulation
175:San Jose, California
347:CD-ROM Professional
216:integrated circuits
140:Number of employees
94:Michael J. Callahan
37:Private (1984–1991)
18:
631:"Above and beyond"
306:a lawsuit against
287:Cirrus Logic, Inc.
283:
220:telecommunications
16:
403:"Crystal capital"
256:that could gauge
241:Electronic Design
212:analog-to-digital
208:digital-to-analog
203:Texas Instruments
179:personal computer
167:analog-to-digital
163:digital-to-analog
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896:Official website
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83:, United States
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57:Semiconductor
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382:the original
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350:
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320:
316:mixed-signal
304:
284:
250:
239:
224:
196:
171:Cirrus Logic
150:
149:
128:Cirrus Logic
126:Acquired by
31:Company type
966:Sound chips
262:fly-by-wire
246:Asahi Kasei
218:for use in
910:Categories
329:References
258:wind shear
210:(DAC) and
182:sound chip
165:(DAC) and
144:429 (1995)
312:OPTi Inc.
161:, namely
308:Milpitas
184:market.
88:Founders
54:Computer
48:Industry
898:at the
310:-based
188:History
113: (
105:Defunct
73: (
65:Founded
738:: D1,
678:: F1,
611:: C1,
585:: C9,
559:: H1,
435:: G1,
295:modems
236:IBM PC
214:(ADC)
385:(PDF)
378:(PDF)
297:and
289:, a
254:ASIC
227:DTMF
134:2002
123:Fate
115:2002
108:2002
75:1984
68:1984
587:C10
266:FAA
173:of
79:in
912::
878:.
859:.
842:33
840:.
836:.
817:.
805:^
795:.
776:.
757:.
740:D6
734:.
715:.
696:.
680:F6
674:.
662:^
652:.
633:.
621:^
613:C3
607:.
595:^
581:.
569:^
561:H3
555:.
536:.
517:.
498:.
486:^
476:.
464:^
454:.
437:G5
431:.
415:^
405:.
393:^
359:^
349:.
345:.
132:c.
351:8
117:)
77:)
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