121:
28:
96:
332:
1508:
20:
1525:
194:
220:, that certifies the plastic has passed requirements to come in contact with food. Unlike wood, plastic has no inherent antiseptic properties. However, unlike wood, plastic boards do allow rinsing with harsher cleaning chemicals such as bleach and other disinfectants without damage to the board or retention of the chemicals to later contaminate food.
180:
cutting boards are an alternative to plastic or glass cutting boards, partially because bamboo is commonly thought to be naturally antimicrobial (although studies show otherwise). During the harvesting process, bamboo is carefully chosen for maturation, markings, and size. The stalk is then cut into
103:
A knife edge is a delicate structure and can easily be blunted by a too abrasive surface. Alternatively, it can be chipped if used on a surface that is too hard. A good cutting board material must be soft, easy to clean, and non-abrasive, but not fragile to the point of being destroyed. Hard cutting
223:
Most HDPE boards are specifically designed not to dull the edge of a knife. If a score line is present, the knife is safe. A serrated knife should not be used on a plastic cutting board. The sharper the knife, the longer the cutting board will last. Semi-disposable thin flexible cutting boards also
391:
Unlike wood, most plastic boards are non-porous, which means that bacteria cannot enter below the surface. It is still equally as important to clean the boards thoroughly after each use as bacteria can lie and grow in any imperfections on the surface. Although many boards are dishwasher safe, both
244:
looks like an easy surface to keep clean, glass cutting boards can damage knives because of the high hardness of the material. Cutting on glass tends to dent, roll or even chip knife edges in a rapid manner. Additionally, if used for chopping instead of slicing, glass can shatter or chip itself,
346:
Wooden boards should never be placed in the dishwasher, or left immersed for long periods, as the wood or glue may be affected. To prevent cracking, wood cutting boards should be treated monthly, under normal usage. A standard recommendation is 5â7 times a year, or as needed. A light food-grade
370:
Most commercially available linseed and tung oils are not âfood gradeâ, as they contain metallic driers. In general, edible savory vegetable or olive oils are not recommended because they tend to go rancid, causing the board to smell and food to pick up the rancid taste. When heavily or deeply
273:
Bacteria or allergens can easily be transmitted from one part of the kitchen to another or from one food to another via knives, hands, or surfaces such as chopping boards. To reduce the chance of this it is advised to use separate boards for different types of food such as raw meat, cooked
412:
One 1994 study found that wood was more likely to retain bacterial contamination, while another 1994 study found the opposite. In 2002, another study found that pine wood in particular had antibacterial properties, while two other types of wood did not reduce bacteria relative to plastic.
256:
shares with glass the advantages of the durability and ease of cleaning, as well as the tendency to damage knives. Depending on the exact steel and heat treatment used, at best a steel cutting board will wear the edge on knives quickly; at worst chip, dent, or roll it like glass.
322:
cutting boards. To remove odors, the board can be rinsed and then rubbed with coarse salt and left to stand for several minutes before being wiped and rinsed clean. In a wooden board, this procedure will also smooth out minor imperfections on the surface.
160:
mineral oil to avoid warping, and should not be left in puddles of liquid. Ideally, they should be suspended freely while drying. Care must be taken when selecting wood, especially tropical hardwood, for use as a cutting board, as some species contain
138:
Hardwoods with tightly grained wood and small pores are best for wooden cutting boards. Good hardness and tight grain help reduce scoring of the cutting surface and absorption of liquid and dirt into the surface. Red
212:
plastic), the material of which these boards are made. There are basically two types of HDPE boards being made. One version is made from injection-molded plastic, while the other is HDPE from an extrusion line.
181:
specific sizes and sent through a pressing process that strips the stalks into smaller plank-like pieces. Once the bamboo is pliable, a cutting board can be produced from multiple pieces by
756:
Annett, Milling; Rolf, Kehr; Alfred, Wulf; Kornelia, Smalla (2005-01-01). "Survival of bacteria on wood and plastic particles: Dependence on wood species and environmental conditions".
232:
Like rubber, silicone is soft on the blade, while being just as self-healing and anti-bacterial as wood. Silicone is also heat-resistant, and lacks the rubbery smell of rubber boards.
87:, but tend to damage knives due to their hardness. Rough cutting edgesâsuch as serrated knivesâabrade and damage a cutting surface more rapidly than do smooth cutting implements.
153:, a component of natural oily resins that repel moisture, fungi, warping, rot and microbes. Wooden boards can also be refinished with sanding and a reapplication of oil and wax.
423:
In 2005, a study found that oak was followed by pine in antibacterial properties. Oak is also not a common cutting board material due to its relatively large pore size.
614:
Abrishami, Simin H.; Tall, Ben D.; Bruursema, Thomas J.; Epstein, Paul S.; Shah, Dhiren B. (1994-05-01). "Bacterial
Adherence and Viability on Cutting Board Surfaces".
149:'s tight grains and natural coloration make it a highly attractive cutting-board material, both for aesthetic and durability purposes. Teak, a tropical wood, contains
838:
1097:
1436:
564:
832:
Aviat, Florence; Gerhards, Christian; RodriguezâJerez, JosĂ©âjuan; Michel, ValĂ©rie; Bayon, Isabelle Le; Ismail, Rached; Federighi, Michel (2016-05-01).
371:
scored, wooden boards need to be resurfaced as scoring can harbour bacteria. Boards can be easily resurfaced with various woodworking tools, such as
1209:
351:
is a good preservative for wooden cutting boards, as it helps keep water from seeping into the grain. Alternatively, one may also use a food-grade
265:
Sanitation with cutting boards is a delicate process because bacteria can reside in grooves produced by cutting, or in liquids left on the board.
367:. The first two dry much faster than linseed. Note, plant based oils will go rancid, and cause wood cutting boards to pick up unpleasant smells.
131:
has some advantages over plastic in that it is somewhat self-healing; shallow cuts in the wood will close up on their own. Wood also has natural
1341:
1169:
799:
Kim, Ji-Young; Lee, Hyoung-Jae; Cho, Jeong-Yong; Lim, Hyun-Cheol; Choi, Gyeong-Cheol; Kim, Du-Woon; Park, Keun-Hyung; Moon, Jae-Hak (2012).
143:, even though a hardwood, has large pores which retain dirt even after washing. This makes it a poor choice for cutting-board material.
501:
1578:
892:
1588:
736:
1553:
416:
While pine has been found to have antibacterial properties, it is not typically used as a cutting board because it is a "
400:
by the hot water, making them unsafe. When heavily or deeply scored, boards need to be resurfaced as scoring can harbour
120:
1625:
404:
and bacteria. However, resurfacing a plastic cutting board is quite difficult and replacing it is recommended instead.
1533:
942:
690:
SchönwÀlder, A.; Kehr, R.; Wulf, A.; Smalla, K. (2002). "Wooden boards affecting the survival of bacteria?".
885:
104:
boards can, however, be used for food preparation tasks that do not require a sharp knife, like cutting
1593:
513:
393:
209:
1486:
565:"Resistance of Natural Bamboo Fiber to Microorganisms and Factors that May Affect Such Resistance"
1558:
1548:
1543:
1401:
937:
917:
314:
Regardless of the material, regular maintenance of a cutting board is important. A very diluted
1583:
1573:
947:
878:
1563:
922:
1603:
1598:
1516:
305:
White cutting boards: dairy and breads (also for universal if no other board is available.)
426:
Another study in 2012 found that bamboo had high antimicrobial activity compared to wood.
8:
1568:
1229:
1022:
781:
715:
627:
185:. Bamboo has not been used historically in Asian nations due to its extreme hardness.
1481:
1306:
1027:
982:
857:
773:
707:
672:
631:
492:
430:
217:
1406:
785:
719:
1431:
1269:
1199:
1129:
847:
812:
765:
699:
662:
623:
579:
482:
583:
1456:
1411:
1264:
1254:
1057:
901:
817:
800:
1466:
1386:
1331:
1234:
539:
703:
667:
651:"Cutting Boards of Plastic and Wood Contaminated Experimentally with Bacteria"
650:
487:
471:"Cutting Boards of Plastic and Wood Contaminated Experimentally with Bacteria"
470:
1619:
1421:
1391:
1371:
1316:
1249:
1224:
1159:
1144:
1104:
1077:
1062:
1047:
1037:
1017:
1012:
997:
801:"Antimicrobial Effect of Various Chopping Boards against Food-borne Bacteria"
777:
711:
635:
442:
356:
27:
852:
833:
67:
and come in various widths and sizes. There are also cutting boards made of
1476:
1446:
1376:
1366:
1336:
1301:
1296:
1284:
1274:
1259:
1239:
1219:
1214:
1194:
1179:
1164:
1119:
1109:
1042:
976:
861:
676:
496:
376:
372:
319:
205:
150:
95:
1396:
1356:
1346:
1139:
1134:
1052:
1007:
972:
932:
912:
447:
364:
348:
339:
331:
132:
769:
286:. Many professional kitchens follow this standard colour-coding system:
1381:
1326:
1321:
1311:
1291:
1174:
1149:
1072:
1032:
352:
182:
216:
There are several certifications of plastic cutting boards, one being
1279:
1244:
1184:
1154:
1114:
992:
952:
380:
283:
562:
397:
124:
This wooden cutting board shows signs of scoring after repeated use.
1361:
1092:
1082:
417:
360:
166:
109:
831:
1426:
1087:
1067:
987:
957:
927:
224:
ease transferring their contents to a cooking or storage vessel.
201:
56:
48:
44:
19:
870:
649:
Ak, Nese O.; Cliver, Dean O.; Kaspari, Charles W. (1994-01-01).
79:, which are easier to clean than wooden or plastic ones such as
1493:
1351:
1204:
1189:
401:
336:
315:
177:
105:
84:
76:
563:
Xi, Lixia; Qin, Daochun; An, Xin & Wang, Ge (2013-10-31).
1471:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1416:
613:
279:
253:
241:
162:
80:
193:
1002:
275:
146:
128:
52:
834:"Microbial Safety of Wood in Contact with Food: A Review"
689:
268:
140:
755:
540:"How To Refinish a Cutting Board - Sawed Off Woodworks"
737:"Why Some Woods are Better than Others in the Kitchen"
55:; other types exist for cutting raw materials such as
839:
Comprehensive
Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
433:
summarizing wood and microbial safety was published.
59:
or plastic. Kitchen cutting boards are often made of
43:) is a durable board on which to place material for
1617:
648:
468:
31:Different wood cutting boards on a store shelf
886:
805:Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
342:that were taken from a railroad salvage yard.
798:
296:Green cutting boards: vegetables and fruits.
51:cutting board is commonly used in preparing
392:domestic and professional boards which are
893:
879:
407:
335:This upcycled cutting board was made from
851:
816:
666:
486:
156:Wood boards need to be cared for with an
23:A kitchen knife on a wooden cutting board
330:
192:
119:
94:
26:
18:
1618:
269:Preventing cross contamination of food
874:
1524:
731:
729:
464:
462:
13:
628:10.1111/j.1745-4565.1994.tb00591.x
469:Ak N, Cliver D, Kaspari C (1994).
14:
1637:
900:
726:
459:
386:
309:
302:Brown cutting boards: cooked meat
293:Red cutting boards: raw red meat.
290:Blue cutting boards: raw seafood.
1523:
1507:
1506:
603:"Food Hygiene Regulations 2006".
326:
825:
792:
749:
683:
642:
607:
596:
556:
532:
506:
299:Yellow cutting boards: poultry
204:boards are usually called PE (
1:
584:10.15376/biores.8.4.6501-6509
453:
90:
64:
7:
818:10.9721/kjfst.2012.44.1.114
692:Holz Als Roh- und Werkstoff
518:Cook's Illustrated magazine
514:"Equipment: Cutting Boards"
436:
227:
208:) cutting boards, or HDPE (
99:Freshly oiled cutting board
10:
1642:
655:Journal of Food Protection
475:Journal of Food Protection
260:
188:
72:
68:
1626:Food preparation utensils
1502:
968:
943:Food preparation utensils
908:
704:10.1007/s00107-002-0300-6
668:10.4315/0362-028X-57.1.16
488:10.4315/0362-028X-57.1.16
210:high-density polyethylene
172:
60:
1579:Machine and metalworking
248:
235:
1589:Measuring and alignment
1402:Salt and pepper shakers
853:10.1111/1541-4337.12199
408:Bacterial contamination
197:A plastic cutting board
115:
948:Food storage container
616:Journal of Food Safety
343:
198:
125:
100:
32:
24:
923:Cookware and bakeware
334:
318:solution is best for
196:
123:
98:
30:
22:
1554:Cutting and abrasive
245:contaminating food.
1023:Cake and pie server
770:10.1515/HF.2005.012
544:Sawed Off Woodworks
1098:Mated colander pot
520:. 1 September 2011
344:
199:
126:
101:
33:
25:
1613:
1612:
1437:Strawberry huller
1307:Mortar and pestle
1028:Candy thermometer
431:literature review
16:Kitchen implement
1633:
1534:Kitchen utensils
1527:
1526:
1510:
1509:
1270:Meat thermometer
1200:Grapefruit knife
1130:Edible tableware
895:
888:
881:
872:
871:
866:
865:
855:
829:
823:
822:
820:
796:
790:
789:
753:
747:
746:
744:
743:
733:
724:
723:
687:
681:
680:
670:
646:
640:
639:
611:
605:
604:
600:
594:
593:
591:
590:
578:(4): 6501â6509.
569:
560:
554:
553:
551:
550:
536:
530:
529:
527:
525:
510:
504:
500:
490:
466:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1498:
1457:Trussing needle
1265:Meat tenderizer
1255:Measuring spoon
964:
938:Eating utensils
904:
899:
869:
830:
826:
797:
793:
754:
750:
741:
739:
735:
734:
727:
688:
684:
647:
643:
612:
608:
602:
601:
597:
588:
586:
567:
561:
557:
548:
546:
538:
537:
533:
523:
521:
512:
511:
507:
467:
460:
456:
439:
410:
389:
329:
312:
271:
263:
251:
238:
230:
191:
175:
118:
93:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1544:Types of tools
1540:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1467:Weighing scale
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1387:Poultry shears
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1332:Pastry blender
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:Lemon squeezer
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1210:Gravy strainer
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
969:
966:
965:
963:
962:
961:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
918:Cooking vessel
909:
906:
905:
898:
897:
890:
883:
875:
868:
867:
846:(3): 491â505.
824:
811:(1): 114â120.
791:
748:
725:
698:(4): 249â257.
682:
641:
622:(2): 153â172.
606:
595:
555:
531:
505:
457:
455:
452:
451:
450:
445:
438:
435:
409:
406:
388:
387:Plastic boards
385:
328:
325:
311:
310:Care of boards
308:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
270:
267:
262:
259:
250:
247:
237:
234:
229:
226:
190:
187:
174:
171:
117:
114:
92:
89:
41:chopping board
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1638:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:Slotted spoon
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Roller docker
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:Potato masher
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Nutmeg grater
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1250:Measuring cup
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:Fat separator
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:Egg separator
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:Cutting board
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:Cookie cutter
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:Citrus reamer
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Cherry pitter
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:Cheese slicer
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:Cheese cutter
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:Butter curler
1016:
1014:
1013:Browning tray
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Bottle opener
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
978:
974:
971:
970:
967:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
911:
910:
907:
903:
902:Kitchen tools
896:
891:
889:
884:
882:
877:
876:
873:
863:
859:
854:
849:
845:
841:
840:
835:
828:
819:
814:
810:
806:
802:
795:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:Holzforschung
752:
738:
732:
730:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
686:
678:
674:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
645:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
610:
599:
585:
581:
577:
573:
566:
559:
545:
541:
535:
519:
515:
509:
503:
498:
494:
489:
484:
480:
476:
472:
465:
463:
458:
449:
446:
444:
443:Butcher block
441:
440:
434:
432:
427:
424:
421:
419:
414:
405:
403:
399:
395:
384:
382:
378:
374:
368:
366:
362:
358:
357:poppyseed oil
354:
350:
341:
338:
333:
327:Wooden boards
324:
321:
317:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
288:
287:
285:
281:
277:
266:
258:
255:
246:
243:
233:
225:
221:
219:
214:
211:
207:
203:
195:
186:
184:
179:
170:
168:
164:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
142:
136:
134:
130:
122:
113:
111:
107:
97:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:cutting board
29:
21:
1528:
1511:
1477:Wooden spoon
1447:Tomato knife
1377:Potato ricer
1367:Pizza cutter
1342:Pastry wheel
1337:Pastry brush
1302:Milk watcher
1297:Milk frother
1285:Herb chopper
1275:Melon baller
1260:Meat grinder
1240:Lobster pick
1220:Honing steel
1215:Honey dipper
1195:Garlic press
1180:Flour sifter
1165:Fillet knife
1124:
1120:Crab cracker
1110:Cookie press
1058:Chef's knife
1043:Cheese knife
977:Apple cutter
843:
837:
827:
808:
804:
794:
764:(1): 72â81.
761:
757:
751:
740:. Retrieved
695:
691:
685:
661:(1): 16â22.
658:
654:
644:
619:
615:
609:
598:
587:. Retrieved
575:
572:BioResources
571:
558:
547:. Retrieved
543:
534:
524:10 September
522:. Retrieved
517:
508:
502:PDF fulltext
481:(1): 16â22.
478:
474:
428:
425:
422:
415:
411:
390:
369:
345:
320:disinfecting
313:
272:
264:
252:
239:
231:
222:
215:
206:polyethylene
200:
176:
157:
155:
151:tectoquinone
145:
137:
135:properties.
127:
102:
40:
36:
34:
1604:Woodworking
1517:Kitchenware
1397:Rolling pin
1357:Pepper mill
1170:Fish scaler
1140:Egg poacher
1135:Egg piercer
1053:Cheesecloth
1008:Bread knife
973:Apple corer
933:Dishwashing
913:Kitchenware
448:Cutting mat
429:In 2016, a
365:linseed oil
349:mineral oil
340:floorboards
133:anti-septic
1512:Categories
1382:Pot-holder
1327:Pastry bag
1322:Oven glove
1312:Nutcracker
1292:Microplane
1175:Fish slice
1150:Egg slicer
1073:Chopsticks
1033:Can opener
742:2016-09-18
589:2014-10-06
549:2016-03-15
454:References
353:drying oil
284:vegetables
183:lamination
110:sandwiches
108:or making
1280:Mezzaluna
1245:Mandoline
1185:Food mill
1155:Egg timer
1115:Corkscrew
993:Blowtorch
953:Tableware
778:1437-434X
712:0018-3768
636:1745-4565
381:sandpaper
167:allergens
91:Materials
1620:Category
1559:Forestry
1549:Cleaning
1407:Scissors
1362:Pie bird
1093:Colander
1083:Clay pot
862:33401823
786:23632274
720:23943541
677:31113021
497:31113021
437:See also
418:softwood
396:will be
373:scrapers
361:tung oil
355:such as
228:Silicone
1584:Masonry
1574:Kitchen
1529:Commons
1482:Scraper
1427:Spatula
1088:Cleaver
1068:Chinois
988:Beanpot
958:Teaware
928:Cutlery
379:, even
261:Hygiene
202:Plastic
189:Plastic
65:plastic
57:leather
49:kitchen
45:cutting
1594:Mining
1564:Garden
1494:Zester
1432:Spider
1352:Peeler
1205:Grater
1190:Funnel
983:Baster
860:
784:
776:
718:
710:
675:
634:
495:
402:mildew
398:warped
377:planes
337:boxcar
316:bleach
240:While
178:Bamboo
173:Bamboo
163:toxins
158:edible
106:cheese
85:corian
77:marble
47:. The
1599:Power
1487:Dough
1472:Whisk
1462:Twine
1452:Tongs
1442:Tamis
1417:Sieve
1412:Scoop
1225:Ladle
782:S2CID
716:S2CID
568:(PDF)
280:dairy
254:Steel
249:Steel
242:glass
236:Glass
81:nylon
75:, or
73:steel
69:glass
1569:Hand
1347:Peel
1230:Lame
1003:Bowl
858:PMID
774:ISSN
708:ISSN
673:PMID
632:ISSN
526:2011
493:PMID
394:HDPE
282:and
276:meat
147:Teak
129:Wood
116:Wood
61:wood
53:food
39:(or
848:doi
813:doi
766:doi
700:doi
663:doi
624:doi
580:doi
483:doi
420:".
375:or
363:or
218:NSF
165:or
141:oak
83:or
63:or
1622::
856:.
844:15
842:.
836:.
809:44
807:.
803:.
780:.
772:.
762:59
760:.
728:^
714:.
706:.
696:60
694:.
671:.
659:57
657:.
653:.
630:.
620:14
618:.
574:.
570:.
542:.
516:.
491:.
479:57
477:.
473:.
461:^
383:.
359:,
278:,
169:.
112:.
71:,
35:A
979:)
975:(
894:e
887:t
880:v
864:.
850::
821:.
815::
788:.
768::
745:.
722:.
702::
679:.
665::
638:.
626::
592:.
582::
576:8
552:.
528:.
499:.
485::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
