1408:
1345:
214:
197:
169:
23:
646:
wrote that "Tonic minor Adagio introductions, especially in the key of D minor, were very popular with
English composers of the year 1794", and Joseph Haydn copied this procedure for the D major symphonies he wrote in London.
1261:, he made the remark: "It really annoys me that the theme of my new symphony is in D minor, because everybody will say now: 'Of course, Bruckner's Ninth must be in the same key as Beethoven's!'"
654:
is one of the most prominent users of the key of D minor in modern times. Many of his well-known scores were written in the key; notable examples are
1068:
721:
595:), but there are a few notable examples of works in D minor ending in much sharper keys. Two symphonies that begin in D minor and end in
1377:
772:
563:
444:
440:
436:
642:, as with Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, a D major symphony can have for its allegro first movement a slow introduction in D minor.
766:
715:
902:
1043:
532:
703:
551:
217:
200:
172:
1062:
840:
185:
Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D
1284:
1112:
983:
555:
1813:
575:
424:
790:
753:
739:
580:
416:
412:
346:
327:'s 555 keyboard sonatas, 151 are in minor keys, and with 32 sonatas, D minor is the most often chosen minor key.
550:, with pieces written in the key occupying close to one eighth of his total compositional output, including the
1370:
1185:
1161:
1148:
978:
953:
846:
821:
401:
389:
1124:
1087:
1275:
1179:
1007:
691:
559:
1093:
1056:
1018:
995:
852:
505:
493:
458:
370:
1782:
The table indicates the number of sharps or flats in each scale. Minor scales are written in lower case.
1173:
947:
869:
213:
196:
168:
22:
1142:
941:
523:
465:
397:
571:
567:
1407:
1363:
920:
914:
527:
489:
481:
473:
1250:
1349:
1038:
1013:
927:
908:
882:
802:
674:
668:
614:
808:
797:
785:
509:
379:
220:
203:
175:
834:
1107:
1031:
876:
761:
698:
605:
1051:
1808:
1803:
966:
727:
710:
656:
591:
and later beginning in minor typically end in major, or at least on a major chord (such as a
522:
often reserved the key of D minor for compositions he saw as being of a noble character; the
477:
336:
122:
1099:
678:. His frequent use of the key has been noticed by reviewers such as Christian Clemmensen of
1296:
889:
859:
643:
408:
186:
388:. Of the two piano concertos that Mozart wrote in a minor key, one of them is in D minor:
8:
1168:
1136:
733:
588:
547:
501:
190:
162:
1258:
324:
1314:
1081:
453:
1280:
1156:
1119:
1026:
864:
829:
816:
448:
382:, "Der Hölle Rache kocht in meinem Herzen", and the overture and the final scene of
1131:
746:
375:
365:
331:
285:
257:
131:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
1076:
432:
393:
1731:
1241:, Chapter 10, "Mozart's Choice of Keys", New York: Oxford University Press (1945)
1234:
1216:
1002:
936:
662:
485:
353:
990:
961:
497:
1766:
1386:
1319:
1206:
973:
679:
627:
600:
469:
420:
1797:
1756:
1719:
1709:
1674:
1664:
1629:
1589:
1554:
1430:
1389:
1270:
1201:
592:
519:
513:
342:
244:
135:
1746:
1736:
1699:
1689:
1654:
1644:
1614:
1604:
1569:
1534:
1504:
1425:
1355:
780:
610:
384:
361:
357:
301:
236:
151:
143:
139:
53:
41:
29:
1442:
1437:
1393:
1211:
897:
651:
622:
274:
98:
65:
540:
296:
252:
484:, multiple other post-Beethoven symphonies are in D minor, including
307:
1624:
1584:
1579:
1549:
1544:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1463:
1458:
639:
632:
596:
539:
The tonality of D minor held special significance for Helene and
312:
290:
279:
268:
263:
155:
147:
70:
58:
46:
34:
1344:
356:, the history of tuning has led D minor to be associated with
435:'s chamber music works are written in D minor, including the
1257:, London: Calder & Boyars (1978): 106–107. According to
219:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
202:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
174:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
682:, who has called the trend "ridiculous stubbornness".
892:", No. 2 from 12 Ă©tudes in all the minor keys, Op. 39
378:is written primarily in D minor, as are the famous
546:D minor is particularly recurrent in the music of
407:The only chamber music compositions in D minor by
1795:
791:String Quartet in D minor, Hob.III:76 "Fifths"
1371:
685:
1385:
1301:Supplement to The Symphonies of Joseph Haydn
1273:(1997). "Early Works: Tonality and Beyond",
1378:
1364:
1306:
1303:London: Barrie & Rockliff (1961): 47
754:Partita for solo violin No. 2 in D minor
638:Similar to a D minor symphony ending in
472:felt apprehensive about writing his own
464:Since D minor is the key of Beethoven's
476:in the same key. As well as Bruckner's
16:Minor key and scale based on the note D
1796:
1312:
230:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1359:
903:Transcendental Étude No. 4 "Mazeppa"
704:Keyboard suite in D minor (HWV 437)
318:
13:
1406:
14:
1825:
1337:
773:Fantasia for viola da gamba solos
1343:
374:, BWV 903, in D minor. Mozart's
1276:The Cambridge Companion to Berg
1239:Mozart, His Character, His Work
404:, K. 421, are also in D minor.
105:, consisting of the pitches D,
1420:
1315:"The Dark Knight Rises Review"
1290:
1264:
1244:
1228:
865:Prelude Op. 28, No. 24 "Storm"
786:Symphony No. 26 "Lamentatione"
415:and the haunting Largo of the
1:
1279:, p. 81. Pople, Anthony, ed.
1125:Violin Sonata No. 3 "Ballade"
1069:Serenade for Wind Instruments
692:List of symphonies in D minor
631:opens in D minor and ends in
431:) is in D minor. A number of
853:Symphony No. 5 "Reformation"
716:Toccata and Fugue in D minor
371:Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue
345:'s only minor-key symphony,
216:
199:
171:
7:
1195:
10:
1830:
722:Harpsichord Concerto No. 1
689:
686:Other notable compositions
445:First Cello Sonata Op. 109
441:First Piano Quintet Op. 89
1781:
1730:
1685:
1640:
1600:
1565:
1530:
1500:
1475:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1400:
921:Hungarian Rhapsody No. 19
915:Hungarian Rhapsody No. 17
578:; and the symphonic poem
530:, and the string quartet
457:is in D minor, as is his
81:
76:
64:
52:
40:
28:
1222:
1039:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
931:, S. 100, symphonic poem
909:Hungarian Rhapsody No. 7
905:, from S. 139, for piano
740:Concerto for Two Violins
669:Pirates of the Caribbean
1814:Compositions in D minor
1313:Clemmensen, Christian.
870:Polonaise, Op. 71 No. 1
798:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
767:Fantasia for flute solo
568:Études-Tableaux, Op. 33
380:Queen of the Night Aria
239:chords of D minor are:
221:download the audio file
204:download the audio file
176:download the audio file
1412:
1251:Hans-Hubert Schönzeler
1108:Ralph Vaughan Williams
1044:Orchestral Suite No. 1
1032:Night on Bald Mountain
923:, S. 244/19, for piano
917:, S. 244/17, for piano
877:Charles-Valentin Alkan
762:Georg Philipp Telemann
699:George Frideric Handel
396:466. Furthermore, his
1410:
911:, S. 244/7, for piano
711:Johann Sebastian Bach
536:are each in the key.
425:String Quartet No. 14
402:String Quartet No. 15
398:String Quartet No. 13
390:Piano Concerto No. 20
337:Johann Sebastian Bach
1352:at Wikimedia Commons
1297:H. C. Robbins Landon
1063:String Quartet No. 9
1008:Piano Concerto No. 1
890:En rythme molossique
841:Piano Concerto No. 2
835:Variations sérieuses
617:The Inextinguishable
564:Trio élégiaque No. 2
552:Third Piano Concerto
459:String Quartet No. 1
429:Death and the Maiden
409:Ludwig van Beethoven
368:), and cites Bach's
191:melodic minor scales
1169:Dmitri Shostakovich
1088:Piano Quintet No. 1
1019:Violin Sonata No. 3
979:Symphony in D minor
954:Violin Sonata No. 2
809:Fantasia in D minor
728:English Suite No. 6
589:classical music era
548:Sergei Rachmaninoff
413:Piano Sonata No. 17
231:Scale degree chords
163:natural minor scale
25:
1413:
1149:Piano Sonata No. 2
1094:Cello Sonata No. 1
576:Corelli Variations
556:Piano Sonata No. 1
437:Piano Trio Op. 120
364:(for example, the
325:Domenico Scarlatti
19:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1348:Media related to
1157:Aram Khachaturian
1137:Toccata for piano
1027:Modest Mussorgsky
830:Felix Mendelssohn
817:Fanny Mendelssohn
734:Cello Suite No. 2
675:The Da Vinci Code
449:Arnold Schoenberg
349:, is in D minor.
225:
208:
180:
92:
91:
77:Component pitches
1821:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1725:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1680:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1635:
1634:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1609:
1595:
1594:
1575:
1574:
1560:
1559:
1540:
1539:
1510:
1509:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1411:Circle of fifths
1403:
1402:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1310:
1304:
1294:
1288:
1268:
1262:
1248:
1242:
1232:
1132:Sergei Prokofiev
996:Symphony D minor
984:March in D minor
948:Piano Trio No. 1
883:Le chemin de fer
847:Piano Trio No. 1
803:Kyrie in D minor
747:The Art of Fugue
615:Symphony No. 4 (
581:Prince Rostislav
506:Seventh Symphony
366:chromatic fourth
332:The Art of Fugue
319:Music in D minor
128:
127:
87:
86:
82:D, E, F, G, A, B
26:
18:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1739:
1738:
1722:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1677:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1632:
1631:
1617:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1592:
1591:
1572:
1571:
1557:
1556:
1537:
1536:
1507:
1506:
1396:
1384:
1340:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1311:
1307:
1295:
1291:
1269:
1265:
1249:
1245:
1235:Alfred Einstein
1233:
1229:
1225:
1217:Major and minor
1198:
1193:
1186:Symphony No. 12
1162:Violin Concerto
1014:Tragic Overture
1003:Johannes Brahms
942:Violin Concerto
937:Robert Schumann
860:Frédéric Chopin
694:
688:
663:The Dark Knight
606:Gothic Symphony
524:Violin Concerto
486:Robert Schumann
454:Verklärte Nacht
411:are his stormy
354:Alfred Einstein
339:is in D minor.
321:
233:
228:
227:
226:
224:
211:
210:
209:
207:
183:
182:
181:
179:
125:
124:
84:
83:
24:
21:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1827:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1707:
1697:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1627:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1414:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1339:
1338:External links
1336:
1334:
1333:
1320:Filmtracks.com
1305:
1289:
1271:Pople, Anthony
1263:
1243:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1207:Chord notation
1204:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1180:Symphony No. 5
1177:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1143:Symphony No. 2
1140:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1113:Symphony No. 8
1105:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1057:Symphony No. 4
1052:AntonĂn Dvořák
1049:
1048:
1047:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1000:
999:
998:
988:
987:
986:
981:
974:Anton Bruckner
971:
970:
969:
967:Cello Concerto
959:
958:
957:
951:
945:
934:
933:
932:
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918:
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906:
895:
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795:
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758:
757:
751:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
708:
707:
706:
695:
687:
684:
680:Filmtracks.com
650:Film composer
644:Robbins Landon
628:Dante Symphony
601:Havergal Brian
560:Symphony No. 1
528:Sixth Symphony
510:Symphony No. 3
490:Symphony No. 4
482:Third Symphony
474:Symphony No. 9
470:Anton Bruckner
466:Symphony No. 9
421:Franz Schubert
400:, K. 173, and
320:
317:
316:
315:
304:
293:
282:
271:
260:
249:
232:
229:
218:
215:
212:
201:
198:
195:
187:harmonic minor
173:
170:
167:
152:parallel major
144:relative major
90:
89:
79:
78:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
56:
50:
49:
44:
38:
37:
32:
15:
9:
6:
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2:
1826:
1815:
1812:
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1799:
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1561:
1553:
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1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
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1513:
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1503:
1499:
1496:
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1481:
1478:
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1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
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1453:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
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1381:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1367:
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1346:
1342:
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1322:
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1285:0-521-56489-1
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1236:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:Chord (music)
1200:
1199:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
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1123:
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1118:
1114:
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1110:
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1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1077:Gabriel Fauré
1075:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1059:Op. 13, B. 41
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
993:
992:
989:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
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972:
968:
965:
964:
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960:
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952:
949:
946:
943:
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939:
938:
935:
930:
929:
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922:
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831:
828:
823:
820:
819:
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815:
810:
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804:
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800:
799:
796:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
782:
779:
774:
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764:
763:
760:
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752:
749:
748:
744:
741:
738:
735:
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729:
726:
723:
720:
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714:
713:
712:
709:
705:
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683:
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629:
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612:
608:
607:
602:
598:
594:
593:picardy third
590:
587:Works in the
585:
583:
582:
577:
574:, No. 8; the
573:
570:, No. 4; and
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
537:
535:
534:
533:Voces intimae
529:
525:
521:
520:Jean Sibelius
517:
515:
514:Gustav Mahler
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
455:
450:
446:
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433:Gabriel Fauré
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352:According to
350:
348:
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343:Michael Haydn
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136:key signature
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1809:Musical keys
1804:Minor scales
1484:
1324:. Retrieved
1318:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1274:
1266:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1174:Cello Sonata
1120:Eugène Ysaÿe
991:CĂ©sar Franck
962:Édouard Lalo
926:
781:Joseph Haydn
745:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
637:
626:
616:
611:Carl Nielsen
604:
586:
579:
545:
538:
531:
518:
498:CĂ©sar Franck
463:
452:
428:
406:
385:Don Giovanni
383:
369:
362:chromaticism
358:counterpoint
351:
341:
330:
329:
322:
306:
302:B-flat major
295:
284:
273:
262:
258:E diminished
251:
243:
237:scale degree
234:
184:
160:
94:
93:
54:Dominant key
42:Parallel key
30:Relative key
1212:Key (music)
898:Franz Liszt
652:Hans Zimmer
623:Franz Liszt
496:written by
492:, the only
275:Subdominant
99:minor scale
66:Subdominant
1798:Categories
1100:Piano Trio
822:Piano Trio
756:, BWV 1004
750:, BWV 1080
742:, BWV 1043
736:, BWV 1008
724:, BWV 1052
690:See also:
541:Alban Berg
478:First Mass
443:, and the
419:Op. 70/1.
417:Ghost Trio
297:Submediant
253:Supertonic
1259:Göllerich
1102:, Op. 120
1096:, Op. 109
956:, Op. 121
885:", Op. 27
730:, BWV 811
718:, BWV 565
657:Gladiator
248:– D minor
101:based on
1770:♯
1760:♯
1750:♭
1740:♭
1723:♯
1713:♯
1703:♭
1693:♭
1678:♯
1668:♯
1658:♭
1648:♭
1633:♯
1618:♭
1608:♭
1593:♯
1573:♭
1558:♯
1538:♭
1508:♭
1387:Diatonic
1326:1 August
1255:Bruckner
1196:See also
1090:, Op. 89
1082:Requiem
950:, Op. 63
944:, WoO 23
849:, Op. 49
843:, Op. 40
837:, Op. 54
824:, Op. 11
811:, K. 397
805:, K. 341
494:Symphony
308:Subtonic
286:Dominant
150:and its
138:has one
126:♭
85:♭
1350:D minor
1021:Op. 108
928:Mazeppa
640:D major
633:B major
597:E major
376:Requiem
313:C major
291:A minor
280:G minor
269:F major
264:Mediant
156:D major
148:F major
95:D minor
71:G minor
59:A minor
47:D major
35:F major
20:D minor
1450:minor
1447:Major
1431:Sharps
1390:scales
1283:
1188:Op.112
1182:Op. 47
1176:Op. 40
1151:Op. 14
1145:Op. 40
1139:Op. 11
1084:Op. 44
1071:Op. 44
1065:Op. 34
1046:Op. 43
1010:Op. 15
775:No. 11
572:Op. 39
566:; the
562:; the
558:; the
554:; the
526:, the
502:Dvořák
439:, the
347:No. 29
161:The D
142:. Its
134:. Its
130:, and
1443:minor
1438:Major
1426:Flats
1223:Notes
769:No. 6
245:Tonic
193:are:
97:is a
1394:keys
1392:and
1328:2012
1281:ISBN
672:and
609:and
599:are
508:and
480:and
360:and
235:The
189:and
165:is:
140:flat
1421:No.
625:'s
613:'s
603:'s
512:by
504:'s
488:'s
451:'s
423:'s
335:by
323:Of
154:is
146:is
88:, C
1800::
1686:7
1641:6
1601:5
1566:4
1531:3
1501:2
1476:1
1471:a
1455:0
1317:.
1299:,
1253:,
1237:,
666:,
660:,
635:.
621:.
584:.
543:.
516:.
500:,
468:,
461:.
447:.
394:K.
392:,
311:–
300:–
289:–
278:–
267:–
256:–
158:.
121:,
117:,
113:,
109:,
1767:e
1757:G
1747:d
1737:F
1732:8
1720:a
1710:C
1700:a
1690:C
1675:d
1665:F
1655:e
1645:G
1630:g
1625:B
1615:b
1605:D
1590:c
1585:E
1580:f
1570:A
1555:f
1550:A
1545:c
1535:E
1525:b
1520:D
1515:g
1505:B
1495:e
1490:G
1485:d
1480:F
1468:C
1464:a
1459:C
1379:e
1372:t
1365:v
1330:.
1287:.
888:"
881:"
619:)
427:(
223:.
206:.
178:.
132:C
123:B
119:A
115:G
111:F
107:E
103:D
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