601:, columns, mushrooms, ponds, curtains, and draperies. The upper gallery is famous for its formations, lit by an effective lighting system. It is entered through a 117 metres (384 ft) long concrete tunnel. The part accessible by visitors has three huge chambers. The first is called the White Chamber, the second Red Chamber. White dripstones are pure calcite without defilement, the red color is given by iron oxide (rust) in small amounts. In Lebanon, iron oxide has a red color instead of the brown beige color which is common in northern countries. The reason is a different chemical reaction caused by the high temperature which produces a different kind of iron oxide. The White Chamber is medium-sized, but has the most impressive formations of the cave. The Red Chamber is up to 106 metres (348 ft) high, and 30 metres (98 ft) to 50 metres (160 ft) wide. The third chamber is the biggest of all three chambers and has a height of more than 120 metres (390 ft). The longest stalactite in the world is located in Jeita's White Chamber; it measures 8.2 metres (27 ft) long.
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307:) explored these caverns. In two expeditions carried out in 1873 and 1874, they penetrated 1,060 metres (3,480 ft) into the grotto before finding their progress blocked by an underground waterfall. The waterfall became known as "Hell's Rapids", as the torrents break onto razor sharp rocks. Dr. Bliss, Mr. Maxwell, and the other engineers recorded their names and the year on "Maxwell's Column", a great limestone pillar some 625 metres (2,051 ft) from the entrance. About 200 metres (660 ft) further on, in the so-called "
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563:. Through some rapids, the dimension becomes narrower. Going forth, it is spacious with the Thompson's cavern (250 metres (820 ft) long and 60 metres (200 ft) wide), Grand Chaos (500 metres (1,600 ft) long) and Mroueh's Hall (200 metres (660 ft) long and 50 metres (160 ft) wide). The latter two are floored with collapsed blocks. The cave ends with a Y-shaped pattern, where, each branch ends with a
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water oozes into the rock and starts to widen the cracks and solute caves inside the layers. Jeita is the longest cave complex in the Middle East; it sits at 300 metres (980 ft) above sea level and has a height difference of 305 metres (1,001 ft). Geologically, the caves provide a tunnel or escape route for the underground river, which is the principal source of Nahr al-Kalb.
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The name of the cave changed several times since its discovery. Initially referred to as the
Grottos of Nahr al-Kalb, it was subsequently known as Djaita, Jehita, and finally Jeita. Nahr al-Kalb is the name of the river that runs through the grottoes, while Jeita, meaning "roaring water" in Aramaic,
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The Jeita grotto contributes heavily to the public life of the region. MAPAS, the firm which runs the grotto, is an important employer and provides full-time jobs for around 115 local residents of Jeita (30% of which are female). In addition to employment, the Jeita caves contribute 5% of ticket fees
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such as the Eagle
Obelisk stalagmite. Other halls in the lower gallery include the Pantheon, Grand Chaos and Shangri-la. Visitors are transported in the lower gallery by electric boats for a distance of 500 metres (1,600 ft). In winter the lower level is closed, when the water level is too high.
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than discovered at Jeita II, from where it may have been displaced. Forms of these flints included rectangles with straight or oblique truncation, borers of the "crochet" type, micro-burins, end scrapers, bladelet cores, two transverse arrowheads, crescents, and short triangles. Some of the crescents
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The Jeita grotto is the longest explored cave in
Lebanon. After many years of exploration, speleologists have penetrated about 6,200 metres (20,300 ft) from the entry point of the lower grotto to the far end of the underground river and about 2,130 metres (6,990 ft) of the upper galleries.
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The Jeita caves are solutional karst caves which have formed over millions of years due to the dissolution of limestone. The limestone is dissolved by carbonic acid charged rain water and groundwater; when the limestone, which is originally waterproof, contains cracks produced by tectonic forces the
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At the Nahr al-Kalb valley, the impervious Upper
Jurassic volcanic rocks and Lower Cretaceous sand slant almost vertically forming a hydrogeological barrier and forcing the outlet of the Jeita underground river to the surface. This barrier could be the reason for the westernmost, large cave chambers
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In 1961, Jeita became a national symbol when
Lebanese authorities issued a stamp featuring the lower cavern to promote national tourism. Mr. Maroun Hajj, the oarsman shown on the stamp, still leads boat tours forty years after the stamp was issued. The Jeita Grotto is also featured on the 1964 one
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mountains, more specifically in the Nahr al-Kalb valley, its natural entrance is about 100 metres (330 ft) above sea level. It's located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of the
Mediterranean coastline and 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of Beirut within the confines of the municipality of
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The Jeita upper cave has an overall length of 2,130 metres (6,990 ft) of which only 750 metres (2,460 ft) are accessible to visitors via a specially conceived walkway; access to the remainder of the cave was restricted to prevent ecological damage which may occur due to the flocking
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material which has been looted and was deemed unfit for excavation by Sami
Karkaby, Director of the Caverns in 1965. Study of the lithic remains at this shelter were hoped to shed further light on the Paleolithic or Mesolithic communities that inhabited the different sites at different times.
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In 1962, the Spéléo Club contributed to a study of the upper galleries aiming to provide an access tunnel which was to be dug for touristic development purposes. Work on the access tunnel was begun in 1968. Its opening was followed by the installation of a series of walkways which permitted
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The lower gallery which has an overall length of 6,200 metres (20,300 ft) is located 60 metres (200 ft) below the upper gallery. It is traversed by a smooth underwater river and a lake (the "Dark Lake"). The river is broken up by several small cataracts and rapids. The lower cave's
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A ratio of total slope gradient of 1/100 is calculated between the entrance of the cave and its inland extremity. This shows its smooth flat course even though it is sometimes interrupted by several small cascades and rapids. From the west, the Jeita cave starts with large halls and
468:(The Caverns) was a deposit of brown soil that fell from a location suggested to be at the east end of Jeita II, just inside the entrance to the grotto where the tourists are conducted by boat. It was found in 1963 by the Speleologists Club and excavated by Father Hours.
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was held in the cave to celebrate the inauguration of the upper galleries. This event was organized by the
Lebanese artist and sculptor Ghassan Klink. Other cultural events have taken place in this unusual surrounding, including a concert by the world acknowledged
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In 1958 the lower caverns were opened to the public, meanwhile exploration was still underway mainly by the
Lebanese Caving Club. This exploration led to the discovery of the elevated dry branch of the grotto later referred to as the upper galleries.
311:", they wrote their names and details of the expedition on paper, sealed it in a bottle and placed it on top of a stalagmite. The lime-impregnated water has since covered the bottle with a thin white film, permanently fixing it to the stone.
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In 1958, Lebanese speleologists discovered the upper galleries 60 metres (200 ft) above the lower cave which have been accommodated with an access tunnel and a series of walkways to enable tourists safe access without disturbing the
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in 1978; both tunnels leading to the lower and upper galleries were used to store munitions, and the outside buildings for military purposes. The caves reopened in 1995 and remain one of the country's key natural attractions.9
321:(Lebanese Caving Club) founded in 1951 by the first Lebanese speleologist Lionel Ghorra. Their expeditions revealed a great underground system which is now explored to an overall length of nearly 9 kilometres (5.6 mi).
376:(sometimes referred to as Nahr-el-Kelb) is a dry cave, 56 metres deep to the east of the source cave from where the river flows and connected to it by narrow channels. It was first noted in 1833 by Botta and excavated by
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with heights exceeding 60 metres (200 ft). Karstification of the
Keserouane limestone was further intensified by the steep topography of the area and the volume of precipitation over the Lebanon (more than 1200mm).
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competition. It was selected as one of 28 finalists and is the only cave to be selected among the nominees. The New7Wonders Foundation announced the new wonders of nature in 2011. Jeita was not on the list.
292:) who ventured some 50 metres (160 ft) into the cave. Reaching the underground river, he fired a shot from his gun and the resulting echoes convinced him that he had found a cavern of major importance.
434:(Dahr el-Mghara) is a rock shelter situated on a platform, above and equidistant between the dry cave of Jeita I and the entrance to the grotto at Jeita III. Excavations were made by the
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Between 1892 and 1940 further expeditions were carried out by English, American, and French explorers. Their expeditions brought them to a depth of 1,750 metres (5,740 ft).
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is the town in which the cave's entrance is located. The transition from Grottoes of Nahr al-Kalb to Jeita Grottoes occurred in 1927 as newspapers widely used the latter name.
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Moreover, the Jeita cave emits a spring with a flow ranging from 1–2 m/s, providing fresh drinking water for one-and-a-half million inhabitants of the capital,
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and Lartet in 1864, by Zumoffen in 1900 and 1908 and by Bergy in 1930. A large number of flint tools, bones, and hearths were found that were accredited to the
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662:. However, water pollution, due to domestic and agricultural runoff, remains a serious concern as recent analysis detected an increasing presence of
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In December 2003, on behalf of the Beirut-based private company MAPAS, Jeita received a prestigious award from the fifth Tourism Summits in
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in Tourism prize to MAPAS (the company that manages the site) at a summit dubbed “New Ties between Tourism and Culture” in Geneva.
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Since the 1940s, Lebanese explorers have pushed even deeper into the Jeita grotto. Many of these spelunkers are members of the
891:"Paleoclimate reconstruction in the Levant region from the geochemistry of a Holocene stalagmite from the Jeita cave, Lebanon"
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were found in a smaller cave near the Nahr al-Kalb river, suggesting that the cave was used in antiquity to produce swords.
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which revealed much more extensive, deeper and richer deposits than had previously been suspected. Father Hours permitted
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229:. The galleries are composed of a series of chambers the largest of which peaks at a height of 12 metres (39 ft).
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tourists. The upper cave contains a great concentration of a variety of crystallized formations such as stalactites,
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2003:
495:(Mugharet-el-Mal) is a rock shelter in the cliff upstream from the grotto. It once contained a large quantity of
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in November 1969, and more recently, in 2008 a classical music concert by Lebanese-Armenian composer and pianist
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Hydrogeology: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress, Beijing, China, 4–14 August 1996
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strata of Keserouane which has a stratigraphic thickness of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) and consists of
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In 1873 W.J. Maxwell and H.G. Huxley, engineers with the Beirut Water Company, and their friend Reverend
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579:"The Guardian of Time", a sculpture by Lebanese artist Tony Farah outside the lower cave at Jeita.
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1380:"The Jeita cave (Lebanon): An example of sustainable development of a typical karstic resource"
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spanning an overall length of nearly 9 kilometres (5.6 mi). The caves are situated in the
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2000 Certificate of Recognition from "Sukleen"-Lebanon for its sorting and recycling campaign.
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The modern discovery of the underground river of Jeita in 1836 is credited to Reverend
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1775:(National Geographic News). United States: National Geographic. 2008. Archived from
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tools found in the deposit were geometric in design and suggested to be a form of
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Verheyden, Sophie; Fadi Nader; Hai Cheng; Lawrence Edwards; Rudy Swennen (2008).
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1997 International Environmental Award from the German Travel Association (DRV).
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Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
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987:. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 192.
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Reverend Daniel L. Bliss, one of the first modern explorers of Jeita Grotto
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1627:(in French). Chamonix: Association Les Sommets du tourisme. Archived from
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in two positions in 1898, 1900, 1908 and 1910. It was later excavated by
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to the local municipality, between 10 and 20% of general revenue to the
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Safeguarding the water supply of beirut -protection of the Jeita spring
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1227:"The Jeita cave resource development – Lebanon: impacts and assessment"
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Stockhausen in den Höhlen von Jeita (Stockhausen in the caves of Jeita)
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that provides fresh drinking water to more than a million Lebanese.
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tourists safe access to the upper galleries without disturbing the
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1998 "Best Tourism Project" from the Lebanese Ministry of Tourism.
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The Jeita cave is situated at the center of the western flanks of
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3880:
3092:
3077:
3032:
3007:
2947:
2937:
2907:
2852:
2847:
2802:
2772:
2687:
2662:
2647:
2587:
2552:
2536:
2416:
2290:
2133:
1252:
1166:
Spaces speak, are you listening?: experiencing aural architecture
636:
560:
548:
525:
459:
346:
278:
202:
59:
730:
6171:
5445:
5440:
4793:
Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
4368:
3062:
2897:
2747:
2712:
2697:
2672:
2602:
2562:
2178:
2138:
2056:
659:
564:
413:
337:
269:
206:
1981:
1960:
639:
attraction. It hosts approximately 280,000 visitors per year.
148:
7361:
5358:
4917:
4126:
Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
3392:
3067:
2567:
2557:
2195:
2148:
2090:
862:"Where does the water that feeds the Jeita Grotto come from?"
540:
469:
450:
to disclose that the upper material appeared to display late
421:
404:
pieces, primitive potsherds, burned bones, and end scrapers.
254:
198:
55:
1529:"Association Libanaise d'etudes spéléologiques - Historique"
1479:
1334:
7391:
2822:
2797:
2787:
2637:
2622:
2012:
1817:"Jeita Grotto vying to make 'new 7 wonders of nature' list"
190:
1865:
647:, and an additional 10% of ticket fees along with the 10%
508:
390:
Archaeological Museum of the American University of Beirut
2992:
2375:
1753:, Council for Development and Reconstruction CDR, Lebanon
1106:
648:
543:
after its aerial exposure and then was buried during the
531:. The Keserouane formation was exposed to air by a local
1163:
1412:"Ten questions about caves and the Virginia Cave Board"
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1079:"Jeita Grotto awes even the most skeptical of visitors"
627:
Engine that pulls the tourist train at the Jeita Grotto
610:"Thompson's Cavern", is a massive hall with impressive
1410:
Virginia department of Conservation & Recreation.
225:. The upper galleries house the world's largest known
1459:
Lebanon's limestone: Where the mountains meet the sea
1302:
1194:
Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (Director) (2008).
983:
Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980).
715:
2000 Appreciation from the Arab Musical Association".
420:
tripod pot found by Father Fleisch and a combed-ware
1514:
La valorisation du patrimoine endokarstique Libanais
1321:
945:
Centre de development et de recherche (CDR) (2008).
516:
The Jeita grotto is located within the Lower-Middle
1253:Carter, Terry; Lara Dunston, Amelia Thomas (2008).
183:) is a system of two separate, but interconnected,
1516:(in French). Université Saint Joseph. p. 280.
1487:. Lebanese Ministry of Environment. Archived from
1200:(in Arabic). Jeita Grotto: LBC PAC. Archived from
631:Today, the Jeita Grotto is a popular recreational
384:with materials from both excavations now with the
244:that transports visitors to the area of the grotto
1338:Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon, p. 90-91
618:
7579:
978:
976:
974:
734:Tourist facilities in the vicinity of the grotto
336:In 1969, a concert with electronic music by the
1927:
1527:Association Libanaise d’etudes spéléologiques.
1374:
1168:(illustrated ed.). MIT Press. p. 437.
982:
836:. Lebanese Ministry of Tourism. Archived from
481:had ridged backs and resembled those found at
3469:
2519:
1997:
1687:
971:
821:
819:
1129:ARCHNET; Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC).
1006:
1004:
742:
400:level with further finds including polished
392:, and the private collection of Dr. Gigues.
360:The caverns closed to the public due to the
6506:
1558:
1556:
1070:
442:. Further excavations were made in 1964 by
3484:Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and
3476:
3462:
2526:
2512:
2004:
1990:
1792:"Lebanon in a race to be a world 'wonder'"
1650:
1648:
1257:(3 ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 436.
1164:Blesser, Barry; Linda-Ruth Salter (2007).
816:
416:. Evidence of later occupation included a
201:, 18 kilometres (11 mi) north of the
40:
1482:"Lebanon State of the Environment Report"
1107:Larwood, Elaine; Hassan Salamé - Sarkis.
1001:
700:The Jeita Grotto was a candidate for the
408:noted similarities in these finds to the
6251:Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site
1553:
1449:
729:
622:
574:
507:
268:
236:
1645:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1588:
1434:
1341:. Imprimerie Catholique. Archived from
1335:Lorraine Copeland; P. Wescombe (1965).
1224:
1220:
1218:
1197:Manoukian's Concert inside Jeita Grotto
1050:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
884:
882:
708:Other awards and certificates include:
14:
7580:
1891:
1712:
1663:. Speleo Club du Liban. Archived from
1582:
1511:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1100:
1014:. Spéléo Club du Liban. Archived from
760:Several scenes of the 1977 Hindi film
7181:
6505:
5957:
5111:
3519:
3457:
2507:
1985:
1843:"Lebanon's New7Wonders of Nature bid"
1840:
1809:
1789:
1505:
1428:
1248:
1246:
1076:
803:"Lebanese Maronite villages or towns"
1763:
1737:
1654:
1603:
1520:
1473:
1215:
1029:
879:
458:characteristics, probably including
197:river valley within the locality of
46:Upper cave at Jeita with the walkway
1921:
1866:New Open World Corporation (2009).
1834:
1783:
1706:
1681:
1591:"Caves with the longest stalactite"
1455:
1403:
1357:
1296:
1271:
1187:
1172:
1152:
1122:
180:
24:
1885:
1859:
1621:Les Sommets du Tourisme - Chamonix
1589:Duckeck, Jochen (6 January 2008).
1480:Lebanese Ministry of Environment.
1435:Duckeck, Jochen (6 January 2008).
1243:
1051:Duckeck, Jochen (6 January 2008).
938:
755:
25:
7644:
4639:Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica
3802:Vézère Valley World Heritage Site
3597:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
2023:Glossary of caving and speleology
1954:
1743:
1562:
1281:. Lebanon Tourism. Archived from
795:
2535:
1971:360 Jeita grotto, the lower cave
1966:360 HD Panoramas of Jeita Grotto
1012:"Spéléo Club du Liban - History"
535:during the Late Jurassic-Early
7623:Archaeological sites in Lebanon
2542:Archaeological sites in Lebanon
2412:Nok and Mamproug Cave Dwellings
2011:
674:In 2002, then French President
539:. The Keserouane strata became
7618:Tourist attractions in Lebanon
3398:Tripolis (region of Phoenicia)
1688:Krothe, Noel; Fei Jin (1997).
1303:Oxford Business Group (2008).
1111:. Lebanese Ministry of Tourism
854:
725:
619:Economic and social importance
570:
485:. Material is stored with the
368:
13:
1:
1512:Doumit, Laudy Maroun (2007).
1183:(DVD). Jeita, Lebanon: MIDEM.
789:
604:
591:
487:Museum of Lebanese Prehistory
386:Museum of Lebanese Prehistory
305:American University of Beirut
149:Jeita Grotto official website
2465:List of UK caving fatalities
1719:. Pineapple Press. pp.
1305:The Market: Real Estate 2008
1179:Anne-Marie Deshayes (1969).
1077:Short, Ramsay (2003-05-24).
985:Natural Wonders of the World
653:Lebanese ministry of Finance
645:Lebanese ministry of tourism
7:
7182:
4827:Other caves with decoration
3909:Other caves with decoration
3831:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
3507:Caves containing pictograms
3083:Stone of the Pregnant Woman
3043:Roman hippodrome of Berytus
1841:Heyer, Hazel (2009-09-18).
1790:Heyer, Hazel (2008-06-09).
1772:Lebanon Caves a New Wonder?
1535:(in French). Archived from
918:10.1016/j.yqres.2008.05.004
777:
232:
10:
7649:
5958:
4811:Other World Heritage Sites
3898:Other World Heritage Sites
3520:
3497:Paleoanthropological sites
1910:(1): 22–24. Archived from
784:List of Lebanese monuments
680:World Tourism Organization
503:
264:
7547:
7523:
7507:
7491:
7473:
7452:
7434:
7418:
7390:
7194:
7190:
7177:
6913:
6897:
6856:
6800:
6784:
6768:
6750:
6709:
6668:
6647:
6626:
6580:
6554:
6538:
6522:
6518:
6501:
6477:
6456:
6440:
6414:
6243:
6217:
6201:
6180:
6164:
6118:
6097:
6081:
6060:
6039:
6023:
6007:
5986:
5970:
5966:
5953:
5924:
5903:
5877:
5865:
5839:
5808:
5772:
5754:
5738:
5722:
5706:
5690:
5644:
5623:
5607:
5556:
5475:
5454:
5398:
5367:
5321:
5305:
5279:
5218:
5202:
5156:
5140:
5124:
5120:
5107:
4998:
4982:
4961:
4704:
4673:
4647:
4616:
4570:
4539:
4488:
4467:
4451:
4433:
4417:
4401:
4385:
4367:
4304:
4283:
4222:
4194:
4118:
3794:
3778:
3737:
3721:
3680:
3644:
3623:
3568:
3532:
3528:
3515:
3492:
3333:Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai
2983:Phoenician port of Beirut
2903:Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze)
2548:
2488:
2457:
2425:
2384:
2269:
2114:
2029:
2020:
1895:(January–February 2001).
1307:. Oxford Business Group.
774:) were shot at the site.
743:Numismatics and philately
669:
424:suggested to date to the
301:Syrian Protestant College
154:
144:
136:
128:
118:
110:
102:
87:33.9433889°N 35.6413583°E
65:
51:
39:
32:
7475:Northern Mariana Islands
5112:
2703:Canalizations of Zenobia
2441:Cave of Forgotten Dreams
1928:Bank of Lebanon (2007).
106:9 kilometres (6 mi)
2888:Kouachra megalith field
2778:Heliopolis in Phoenicia
2434:Diving into the Unknown
1713:Friend, Sandra (2002).
1225:Fadi H., Nader (2004).
1135:ARCHNET digital library
827:"Qada' (caza) Keserwan"
702:New 7 Wonders of Nature
688:Sustainable Development
5999:Manyana Rock Paintings
4050:La Chapelle-aux-Saints
3388:Temple of the Obelisks
3038:Roman Forum of Berytus
2938:Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir)
2688:Berytus (Roman Beirut)
2480:Tham Luang cave rescue
2475:Riesending cave rescue
1868:"Jeita Grotto - Vote7"
735:
628:
580:
513:
277:Ancient vestiges of a
274:
245:
209:. Though inhabited in
92:33.9433889; 35.6413583
7628:Neolithic settlements
6562:Actun Tunichil Muknal
3048:Roman temple of Bziza
2593:Akkar plain foothills
2448:The Underground Eiger
1385:. IKS. Archived from
733:
678:, the United Nations
626:
578:
511:
351:Karlheinz Stockhausen
272:
240:
159:roar or noise (water)
6136:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa
5076:Red Lady of Paviland
3968:Mayrières supérieure
1961:Jeita Grotto website
1930:"One Lebanese Pound"
1823:. Beirut. 2008-06-09
1692:. VSP. p. 315.
1345:on December 24, 2011
1109:"Jeita rediscovered"
947:"Jaaita - Localiban"
512:Lower cave at Jeita.
319:Speleo Club du Liban
6951:Colorado Millennial
5589:Shiraho Saonetabaru
4393:Bukuroshja e Fjetur
3303:Tell Rasm El Hadeth
2470:Alpazat cave rescue
2115:Types and formation
1670:on October 21, 2004
1456:Krieger, Kimberly.
1376:Sandrine, El Nawwar
1255:Syria & Lebanon
1018:on October 21, 2004
958:(local development)
910:2008QuRes..70..368V
898:Quaternary Research
805:. Maronite heritage
299:, president of the
83: /
7613:Tourism in Lebanon
6769:Dominican Republic
6530:Cueva de las Manos
5426:Huto and Kamarband
4836:Barranc del Migdia
4722:Caves in Cantabria
4146:Hohlenstein-Stadel
3953:Grotte de Gabillou
3938:La Chaire a Calvin
3343:Tell Sultan Yakoub
3293:Tell Neba'a Litani
3288:Tell Neba'a Chaate
2653:Baidar ech Chamout
2397:Cave-dwelling Jews
2144:Estavelle/Inversac
1978:at Beautiful World
1494:on October 5, 2007
1232:. Trans-KARST 2004
834:Kesserwan brochure
736:
629:
581:
514:
428:levels at Byblos.
362:Lebanese civil war
275:
246:
7573:
7572:
7543:
7542:
7539:
7538:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7168:
6686:Piedras del Tunjo
6618:Toca da Tira Peia
6497:
6496:
6493:
6492:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5098:
4739:Hornos de la Peña
3451:
3450:
3383:Temple of Jupiter
3373:Temple of Bacchus
3133:Tell Ain Ghessali
3128:Tell Ain el Meten
3058:Saraain El Faouqa
2501:
2500:
2279:(Cave formations)
2042:Cave conservation
1571:on August 4, 2009
866:Prestige Magazine
686:accorded the top
664:coliform bacteria
452:Upper Paleolithic
448:Lorraine Copeland
410:Néolithique Moyen
398:Upper Paleolithic
378:Godefroy Zumoffen
331:natural landscape
223:natural landscape
215:underground river
211:prehistoric times
169:
168:
16:(Redirected from
7640:
7588:Caves of Lebanon
7492:Papua New Guinea
7192:
7191:
7179:
7178:
7131:Stanfield-Worley
7106:Rockhouse Cliffs
6520:
6519:
6503:
6502:
6371:Howieson's Poort
6068:Enkapune Ya Muto
5968:
5967:
5955:
5954:
5421:Eshkaft-e Siahoo
5122:
5121:
5109:
5108:
4876:Peñas de Cabrera
4176:Kleine Feldhofer
4136:Geissenklösterle
3988:Roc-aux-Sorciers
3530:
3529:
3517:
3516:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3378:Temple of Eshmun
2988:Plain of Zgharta
2928:Maronite mummies
2883:Khirbet El-Knese
2838:Kamouh el Hermel
2768:Haret ech Cheikh
2738:Douris (Baalbek)
2718:Deir El Aachayer
2540:
2539:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2124:Anchihaline cave
2106:Caves by country
2006:
1999:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1936:. Archived from
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1901:
1897:"Cave Exploring"
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1870:. Archived from
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1779:on July 6, 2008.
1767:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1661:Caves of Lebanon
1655:Karanouh, Rena.
1652:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1616:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1567:. Archived from
1560:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1384:
1372:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1332:
1319:
1318:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1161:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1137:. Archived from
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1085:. Archived from
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1055:. Archived from
1053:"Magharet Jeita"
1048:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1008:
999:
998:
980:
969:
968:
966:
965:
959:
953:. Archived from
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
895:
886:
877:
876:
874:
873:
858:
852:
851:
849:
848:
842:
831:
823:
814:
813:
811:
810:
799:
426:Early Bronze Age
259:caza of Keserwan
182:
98:
97:
95:
94:
93:
88:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
44:
30:
29:
21:
7648:
7647:
7643:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7638:
7637:
7633:Kebaran culture
7603:Limestone caves
7578:
7577:
7574:
7569:
7535:
7519:
7503:
7487:
7469:
7448:
7430:
7414:
7386:
7302:Mackintosh 90/1
7222:Beginner's Luck
7186:
7165:
6981:Dutchess Quarry
6921:Arnold Research
6909:
6893:
6852:
6796:
6780:
6764:
6746:
6705:
6664:
6643:
6622:
6576:
6572:Midnight Terror
6550:
6534:
6514:
6489:
6473:
6452:
6436:
6410:
6239:
6213:
6197:
6176:
6160:
6151:Kelif el Boroud
6114:
6093:
6077:
6056:
6035:
6019:
6003:
5982:
5962:
5941:
5920:
5899:
5873:
5861:
5835:
5804:
5768:
5750:
5734:
5718:
5702:
5686:
5640:
5619:
5603:
5552:
5471:
5450:
5394:
5363:
5317:
5301:
5275:
5214:
5198:
5152:
5136:
5116:
5095:
4994:
4978:
4957:
4856:los Murciélagos
4804:Roca dels Moros
4700:
4669:
4643:
4612:
4583:Chertovy Vorota
4566:
4535:
4484:
4463:
4447:
4435:North Macedonia
4429:
4413:
4397:
4381:
4363:
4300:
4279:
4218:
4190:
4114:
3877:Abri du Poisson
3842:Les Combarelles
3790:
3774:
3733:
3717:
3676:
3640:
3619:
3615:Trou de l'Abîme
3564:
3524:
3511:
3488:
3482:
3452:
3447:
3403:Tyre Necropolis
3298:Tell Qasr Labwe
3248:Tell Kabb Elias
3218:Tell Hoch Rafqa
3198:Tell El Ghassil
3168:Tell Bir Dakoue
3143:Tell Ain Saouda
3138:Tell Ain Nfaikh
3088:Tahun ben Aissa
3053:Sands of Beirut
2793:Jabal es Saaïdé
2743:Elaea (Lebanon)
2728:Deir Mar Maroun
2544:
2534:
2532:
2502:
2497:
2484:
2453:
2426:Popular culture
2421:
2380:
2278:
2273:
2265:
2211:Solutional cave
2116:
2110:
2025:
2016:
2010:
1957:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1934:Banque du Liban
1926:
1922:
1914:
1899:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1849:
1839:
1835:
1826:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1799:
1788:
1784:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:Makki, Ismail,
1742:
1738:
1731:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1686:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1653:
1646:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1604:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1561:
1554:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1525:
1521:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1465:
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1059:on 21 June 2008
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3861:Laugerie-Haute
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3708:Romuald's Cave
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3502:Cave paintings
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3368:Temnin el-Foka
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3348:Tell Taalabaya
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3283:Tell Nahariyah
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3253:Tell Majdaloun
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3203:Tell El Hadeth
3200:
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3183:Tell Derzenoun
3180:
3178:Tell Delhamieh
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3158:Tell Bar Elias
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3148:Tell Ain Sofar
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3003:Qalaat Tannour
3000:
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2963:Nahle, Lebanon
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2873:Khallet Michte
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2613:Anjar, Lebanon
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2402:Cave monastery
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2356:Speleoseismite
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2129:Breathing cave
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1955:External links
1953:
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1917:on 2011-07-24.
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1565:"Jeita Grotto"
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1279:"Jeita Grotto"
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1131:"Jeita Grotto"
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676:Jacques Chirac
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7560:Cave painting
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7555:List of caves
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7342:New Guinea II
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7086:On Your Knees
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5672:Ras Baalbek I
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5508:Nahal Me'arot
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5092:
5091:Windmill Hill
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5036:Heathery Burn
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4779:
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4772:
4771:Tito Bustillo
4769:
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4757:
4754:
4752:Las Chimeneas
4751:
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4579:
4578:Akhshtyrskaya
4576:
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4526:Pego do Diabo
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4360:
4357:
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4344:
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4338:
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4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4317:Arene Candide
4315:
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4309:
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4231:
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4225:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:Devil's Tower
4202:
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4197:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
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4098:
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4078:
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4040:
4038:
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4029:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Pair-non-Pair
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3963:Le Mas-d'Azil
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:Arcy-sur-Cure
3911:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:Font-de-Gaume
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3820:Abri Castanet
3819:
3818:
3817:Castel Merle
3816:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3784:
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3649:
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3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3598:
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3590:
3588:
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3580:
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3409:
3406:
3404:
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3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
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3371:
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3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Tell Shamsine
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:Tell Mureibit
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Tell Khardane
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3193:Tell el-Burak
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
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3141:
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3119:
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3046:
3044:
3041:
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3036:
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3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:Ras Baalbek I
3016:
3014:
3013:Qasr el Banat
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:Qal'at Bustra
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
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2821:
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2816:
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2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Hermel plains
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Deir Al-Ahmar
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:Dahr El Ahmar
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
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2694:
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2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
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2669:
2666:
2664:
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2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2643:Augusti Pagus
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:Antelias cave
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
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2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:Dogtooth spar
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:Calcite rafts
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
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2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
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2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:Speleogenesis
2094:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Cave painting
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Biospeleology
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1940:on 2009-01-14
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1874:on 2009-07-31
1873:
1869:
1862:
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1812:
1797:
1793:
1786:
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1774:
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1748:
1740:
1732:
1730:9781561642588
1726:
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1718:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1699:9789067642538
1695:
1691:
1684:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1634:on 2008-08-28
1630:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1592:
1585:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1542:on 2009-10-23
1540:(educational)
1538:
1534:
1533:alesliban.org
1530:
1523:
1515:
1508:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1438:
1437:"Karst caves"
1431:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1392:on 2011-07-18
1388:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1314:9781902339061
1310:
1306:
1299:
1285:on 2009-11-22
1284:
1280:
1274:
1266:
1264:9781741046090
1260:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1204:on 2013-04-19
1203:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1175:
1167:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1141:on 2010-06-19
1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1110:
1103:
1089:on 2008-06-20
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1005:
996:
994:0-89577-087-3
990:
986:
979:
977:
975:
960:on 2010-12-17
956:
952:
948:
941:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
885:
883:
867:
863:
857:
843:on 2011-05-16
839:
835:
828:
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804:
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566:
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494:
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488:
484:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:Francis Hours
441:
437:
436:Duc de Luynes
433:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Henri Fleisch
391:
387:
383:
382:Auguste Bergy
379:
375:
366:
363:
358:
356:
355:Guy Manoukian
352:
348:
343:
339:
334:
332:
326:
322:
320:
315:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
288:(an American
287:
282:
280:
271:
262:
260:
256:
251:
243:
239:
230:
228:
224:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
186:
178:
174:
164:
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150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
78:35°38′28.89″E
75:33°56′36.20″N
68:
64:
61:
57:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
7575:
7367:Wargata Mina
7327:Murrawijinie
7262:Eagles Reach
7257:Devil's Lair
7161:Wilson Butte
6946:Cherry Creek
6936:Bull Thistle
6681:Chiribiquete
6639:Charlie Lake
6567:Barton Creek
6381:Melkhoutboom
6321:Sterkfontein
6311:Plovers Lake
6244:South Africa
6146:Jebel Irhoud
6131:Ifri N'Ammar
5866:Turkmenistan
5831:Hunugalagala
5656:
5615:Iraq ed-Dubb
5380:Jeriji Saléh
5041:High Pasture
4598:Shulgan-Tash
4521:Pedra Furada
4342:
4181:Lichtenstein
4171:Brillenhöhle
4100:Le Regourdou
4060:La Ferrassie
4055:Combe Grenal
3998:Trois Frères
3933:Fontéchevade
3886:La Madeleine
3540:Drachenhöhle
3363:Tell Zeitoun
3353:Tell Wardeen
3323:Tell Saoudhi
3318:Tell Safiyeh
3313:Tell Saatiya
3278:Tell Murtafa
3268:Tell Meouchi
3263:Tell Mekhada
3238:Tell Jezireh
3223:Tell Karmita
3213:Tell Hazzine
3188:Tell Dibbine
3163:Tell Beshara
2968:Neba'a Faour
2918:Majdal Anjar
2833:Kamid el-Loz
2818:Joub Jannine
2813:Jeita Grotto
2812:
2808:Jebel Aabeby
2763:Hadeth south
2693:Bustan Birke
2683:Belat temple
2446:
2439:
2432:
2392:Cave dweller
2306:Cave popcorn
2245:Underground
2164:Karst spring
2154:Glacier cave
1976:Jeita Grotto
1942:. Retrieved
1938:the original
1933:
1923:
1912:the original
1907:
1904:Topical Time
1903:
1893:Thomas, Lera
1887:
1876:. Retrieved
1872:the original
1861:
1850:. Retrieved
1846:
1836:
1825:. Retrieved
1820:
1811:
1800:. Retrieved
1795:
1785:
1777:the original
1771:
1765:
1755:, retrieved
1746:
1739:
1715:
1708:
1689:
1683:
1672:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1660:
1636:. Retrieved
1629:the original
1620:
1594:. Retrieved
1584:
1573:. Retrieved
1569:the original
1544:. Retrieved
1537:the original
1532:
1522:
1513:
1507:
1496:. Retrieved
1489:the original
1475:
1464:. Retrieved
1458:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1430:
1419:. Retrieved
1416:Virginia.gov
1415:
1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1387:the original
1347:. Retrieved
1343:the original
1337:
1304:
1298:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:the original
1273:
1254:
1234:. Retrieved
1206:. Retrieved
1202:the original
1196:
1189:
1180:
1174:
1165:
1143:. Retrieved
1139:the original
1134:
1124:
1113:. Retrieved
1102:
1091:. Retrieved
1087:the original
1082:
1072:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1020:. Retrieved
1016:the original
984:
962:. Retrieved
955:the original
950:
940:
929:. Retrieved
901:
897:
870:. Retrieved
868:. 2014-11-17
865:
856:
845:. Retrieved
838:the original
833:
807:. Retrieved
797:
772:Parveen Babi
761:
759:
746:
737:
707:
699:
692:
673:
657:
641:
635:and a major
630:
608:
595:
586:
582:
557:
553:
515:
492:
491:
465:
464:
431:
430:
418:Chalcolithic
373:
372:
359:
335:
327:
323:
316:
313:
297:Daniel Bliss
294:
283:
276:
247:
219:
195:Nahr al-Kalb
173:Jeita Grotto
172:
170:
158:
33:Jeita Grotto
7453:New Zealand
7277:Gwion Gwion
7146:Trail Creek
7071:Meadowcroft
7031:Last Supper
6961:Daugherty's
6823:Las Flechas
6608:Rei do Mato
6332:Other caves
6316:Rising Star
6291:Makapansgat
6256:Bolt's Farm
6073:Njoro River
5916:Teshik-Tash
5911:Obi-Rakhmat
5895:Yarımburgaz
5795:Lapuz Lapuz
5773:Philippines
5682:Nachcharini
5677:Ras El Kelb
5636:Tam Pa Ling
5631:Tham An Mah
5513:Nahal Hemar
5261:Zhoukoudian
5236:Guanyindong
5210:Laang Spean
5132:Darra-e Kur
5125:Afghanistan
5071:Portbraddon
5061:Marble Arch
4974:Wildkirchli
4962:Switzerland
4898:Other caves
4871:Ojo Guareña
4851:Maltravieso
4846:Los Casares
4821:Siega Verde
4786:Los Aviones
4781:Santimamiñe
4755:Las Monedas
4748:El Castillo
4655:Čertova pec
4603:Mezmaiskaya
4511:Lagar Velho
4443:Cocev Kamen
4322:Balzi Rossi
4162:Other caves
4151:Sirgenstein
4080:Le Moustier
4070:Fontbrégoua
4030:Bonne-Femme
4010:Other caves
3729:Aetokremnos
3672:Utroba Cave
3578:Claminforge
3575:Belle-Roche
3423:Wadi Yaroun
3413:Umm al-Amad
3358:Tell Zenoub
3328:Tell Serhan
3258:Tell Masoud
3208:Tell Fadous
3028:Ras El Kelb
2958:Nachcharini
2858:Kafr Tebnit
2608:Amlaq Qatih
2271:Speleothems
2184:Exploration
2084:Troglofauna
2052:Cave survey
2030:Main topics
768:Sanjay Khan
763:Chandi Sona
726:Other names
612:speleothems
599:stalagmites
571:Description
497:Paleolithic
440:Aurignacian
396:noticed an
369:Archaeology
303:(later the
250:the Lebanon
181:مغارة جعيتا
155:Translation
90: /
66:Coordinates
35:مغارة جعيتا
7598:Show caves
7582:Categories
7565:Speleology
7382:Wellington
7337:Naracoorte
7322:Mudgegonga
7307:Madjedbebe
7272:Gabarnmung
7212:Ballawinne
7202:Abrakurrie
7101:Pictograph
6879:Qillqatani
6874:Pikimachay
6869:Guitarrero
6864:Chivateros
6843:Oxtotitlán
6696:Tequendama
6406:Wonderwerk
6386:Nelson Bay
6366:Elands Bay
6326:Swartkrans
6271:Gladysvale
6218:Somaliland
6165:Mozambique
6105:Haua Fteah
5904:Uzbekistan
5569:Minatogawa
5564:Kosegasawa
5518:Nahal Oren
5462:Hazar Merd
5431:Qaleh Bozi
5416:Do-Ashkaft
5313:Satsurblia
5280:East Timor
5157:Azerbaijan
5046:Kendrick's
5011:Bontnewydd
4933:Don Gaspar
4886:Praileaitz
4841:Las Caldas
4759:La Pasiega
4686:Divje Babe
4608:Okladnikov
4593:Ignatievka
4516:Pala Pinta
4425:Għar Dalam
4402:Luxembourg
4377:St Brelade
4359:Villabruna
4270:Stravomyti
4260:Megalakkos
4245:Eileithyia
4230:Alepotrypa
4141:Hohle Fels
4027:Balauzière
3983:Pech Merle
3891:Rouffignac
3865:La Micoque
3847:Cro-Magnon
3806:Bara Bahau
3750:Býčí skála
3698:Vela Spila
3657:Devetashka
3652:Bacho Kiro
3438:Ain W Zain
3418:Wadi Koura
3308:Tell Rayak
3233:Tell Kirri
3153:Tell Ayoub
3113:Tell Addus
3108:Tell Ablah
3103:Tell Aalaq
3073:Sin el Fil
3023:Ras Beirut
2923:Mansourieh
2913:Lion Tower
2828:Kafr Zabad
2753:Fadous Sud
2658:Batroumine
2633:Ard Tlaili
2628:Ard Saouda
2583:Ain Harcha
2578:Ain Choaab
2407:Kome Caves
2371:Stalagnate
2366:Stalagmite
2361:Stalactite
2351:Soda straw
2341:Shelfstone
2301:Cave pearl
2276:Speleogens
2241:Talus cave
2174:Ley tunnel
2101:Speleology
2079:Stygofauna
1944:2009-09-15
1878:2009-09-15
1852:2009-09-19
1847:ETurboNews
1827:2008-06-12
1802:2008-06-10
1796:ETurboNews
1757:2009-09-15
1674:2008-06-13
1638:2009-03-08
1596:2008-06-11
1575:2009-09-15
1546:2009-09-16
1498:2008-06-14
1466:2008-06-10
1462:. Geotimes
1442:2008-06-11
1421:2009-09-15
1396:2008-06-12
1289:2009-03-12
1236:2009-03-12
1208:2009-09-15
1145:2009-09-15
1115:2008-06-15
1093:2008-06-10
1083:Daily Star
1063:2008-06-11
1022:2008-06-11
964:2009-09-18
931:2009-03-09
904:(3): 368.
872:2016-12-27
847:2009-09-15
809:2008-06-12
790:References
766:(starring
684:World Bank
605:Lower cave
592:Upper cave
545:Cretaceous
541:karstified
537:Cretaceous
483:Nahal Oren
478:Mesolithic
456:Mesolithic
412:period of
290:missionary
227:stalactite
137:Difficulty
7531:Nanumanga
7515:Falemauga
7426:Makauwahi
7195:Australia
7151:Trinchera
7026:La Grange
6996:Gatecliff
6991:Franktown
6986:Fort Rock
6966:Dry Creek
6884:Toquepala
6848:Sac Actun
6838:Ox Bel Ha
6828:Frightful
6813:Coxcatlan
6792:Long Mile
6546:Quadiriki
6523:Argentina
6361:Diepkloof
6346:Boomplaas
6301:Minnaar's
6286:Kromdraai
6235:Laas Geel
6230:Dhaymoole
6225:Dhambalin
6188:Apollo 11
6089:Liphofung
6015:Shum Laka
5978:Gueldaman
5932:Con Moong
5809:Sri Lanka
5756:Palestine
5730:Padah-Lin
5667:Ksar Akil
5599:Yamashita
5584:Pinza-Abu
5390:Pettakere
5385:Liang Bua
5368:Indonesia
5354:Pahargarh
5339:Bhimbetka
5297:Lene Hara
5287:Jerimalai
5266:Zengpiyan
5256:Yuchanyan
5056:Long Hole
4953:del Valle
4928:dels Bous
4881:la Pileta
4816:Atapuerca
4731:Covalanas
4629:Pešturina
4557:Muierilor
4547:Coliboaia
4459:Svarthola
4275:Theopetra
4265:Petralona
4250:Franchthi
4240:Asphendou
4196:Gibraltar
4166:Baumann's
4156:Vogelherd
4131:Bockstein
4110:Vallonnet
4105:Rochereil
4095:Raymonden
4085:Noisetier
4037:Bruniquel
3958:Marsoulas
3948:Lombrives
3943:La Marche
3869:La Mouthe
3835:Abri Audi
3813:Cap Blanc
3755:Koněprusy
3745:Amatérská
3713:Veternica
3662:Kozarnika
3636:Ledenjača
3560:Tischofer
3550:Lurgrotte
3243:Tell Jisr
3173:Tell Deir
3118:Tell Ahle
2978:Hosn Niha
2973:Nebi Safa
2953:Nabi Zair
2943:Moukhtara
2893:Ksar Akil
2863:Kfar Qouq
2843:Karak Nuh
2758:Hebbariye
2678:Beit Mery
2668:Bechamoun
2458:Incidents
2385:Dwellings
2326:Helictite
2321:Frostwork
2316:Flowstone
2286:Anthodite
2259:Waterfall
2231:Suffosion
2216:Show cave
2201:Salt cave
2169:Lava cave
2117:processes
2067:Equipment
1716:Sinkholes
951:Localiban
752:) verso.
633:show cave
547:. In the
529:limestone
476:or later
466:Jeita III
454:or early
402:Neolithic
349:composer
340:composer
257:, in the
188:limestone
129:Entrances
111:Discovery
7608:Grottoes
7372:Warratyi
7357:Tarragal
7347:Nunamira
7332:Murujuga
7297:Kutikina
7292:Koonalda
7287:Koongine
7247:Cliefden
7242:Cave Bay
7141:Tomaquag
7126:Sisyphus
7056:Mantle's
7046:Lovelock
7041:LoDaisKa
7021:Humboldt
6905:Werehpai
6898:Suriname
6808:Chan Hol
6727:Centella
6717:Ambrosio
6669:Colombia
6634:Bluefish
6478:Zimbabwe
6415:Tanzania
6401:Stadsaal
6306:Motsetsi
6276:Gondolin
6266:Drimolen
6261:Cooper's
6156:Taforalt
6126:Hercules
6052:Swimmers
6024:DR Congo
6008:Cameroon
5987:Botswana
5857:Tham Lod
5847:Pha Taem
5840:Thailand
5821:Belilena
5739:Pakistan
5707:Mongolia
5691:Malaysia
5652:Antelias
5594:Tobayama
5548:Zuttiyeh
5467:Shanidar
5329:Ambadevi
5246:Tianyuan
5226:Baishiya
5203:Cambodia
4943:El Mirón
4938:Guanches
4913:Armintxe
4831:Bacinete
4776:Altxerri
4765:El Pendo
4735:La Garma
4717:Altamira
4674:Slovenia
4665:Jasovská
4648:Slovakia
4634:Risovača
4588:Denisova
4552:Cuciulat
4506:Furninha
4501:Escoural
4489:Portugal
4480:Paradise
4475:Obłazowa
4409:Loschbur
4349:Paglicci
4332:Corbeddu
4214:Vanguard
4209:Gorham's
4090:La Quina
4033:Bouillon
4020:Aurignac
3824:Reverdit
3809:Bernifal
3688:Grapčeva
3645:Bulgaria
3605:Scladina
3592:Naulette
3555:Salzofen
3428:Yammoune
2933:Mayrouba
2878:Kharayeb
2868:Kfarhata
2733:Dekwaneh
2598:Al-Bireh
2573:Ain Aata
2493:Category
2346:Snottite
2336:Rimstone
2331:Moonmilk
2221:Sinkhole
2206:Sea cave
2191:Pit cave
2159:Ice cave
926:53589749
778:See also
695:Chamonix
682:and the
561:meanders
526:micritic
522:dolomite
518:Jurassic
493:Jeita IV
474:Natufian
432:Jeita II
309:Pantheon
242:Cableway
233:Location
205:capital
203:Lebanese
52:Location
7483:Chugai'
7465:Ruakuri
7400:Gadao's
7377:Warreen
7312:Mammoth
7282:Jenolan
7227:Blanche
7207:Acheron
7184:Oceania
7156:Ventana
7136:Tainter
7111:Russell
7096:Pendejo
7091:Paisley
7051:Mammoth
6971:Durango
6931:Bonfire
6785:Jamaica
6752:Curaçao
6691:Sáchica
6676:El Abra
6660:Milodón
6603:Peruaçu
6593:Maquiné
6485:Bambata
6464:Kalemba
6336:Blombos
6281:Haasgat
6202:Nigeria
6181:Namibia
6119:Morocco
6082:Lesotho
5994:Tsodilo
5971:Algeria
5925:Vietnam
5885:Belbaşı
5871:Dzhebel
5826:Fa Hien
5785:Kalanay
5746:Sanghao
5723:Myanmar
5662:Kaukaba
5645:Lebanon
5533:Raqefet
5503:Misliya
5488:HaYonim
5436:Warwasi
5411:Darband
5406:Bisitun
5375:Harimau
5349:Gudiyam
5344:Edakkal
5306:Georgia
5251:Xianren
5179:Damjili
5174:Buzeyir
5148:Areni-1
5141:Armenia
5066:Oldbury
5031:Gough's
5016:Cathole
4990:Verteba
4983:Ukraine
4540:Romania
4531:Salemas
4496:Aroeira
4327:Cavallo
4312:Addaura
4291:Baradla
4284:Hungary
4235:Apidima
4119:Germany
4075:Lazaret
4003:Villars
3923:Cosquer
3903:Chauvet
3881:Lascaux
3779:Finland
3703:Vindija
3693:Krapina
3681:Croatia
3601:Ramioul
3569:Belgium
3545:Gudenus
3533:Austria
3078:Sarepta
3033:Rashaya
3008:Qaraoun
2948:Mtaileb
2908:Libbaya
2853:Kefraya
2848:Kaukaba
2803:Jdeideh
2773:Hashbai
2663:Batroun
2648:Baalbek
2588:Akbiyeh
2553:Aadloun
2417:Yaodong
2291:Boxwork
2134:Cave-in
1821:Annahar
1668:(.html)
1657:"Jiita"
1563:MAPAS.
1349:21 July
906:Bibcode
651:to the
637:tourist
549:Neogene
504:Geology
460:Kebaran
374:Jeita I
279:foundry
265:History
185:karstic
163:Aramaic
123:Karstic
119:Geology
60:Lebanon
7524:Tuvalu
7460:Moncks
7444:Pindai
7419:Hawaii
7410:Talagi
7405:Mahlac
7267:Fossil
7252:Cloggs
7237:Burrup
7116:Sandia
7061:Marmes
7006:Hidden
7001:Graham
6956:Danger
6941:Burnet
6801:Mexico
6776:Pomier
6737:Patana
6722:Calero
6701:Tibitó
6627:Canada
6588:Gentio
6581:Brazil
6555:Belize
6469:Mumbwa
6457:Zambia
6441:Uganda
6422:Kondoa
6396:Sibudu
6341:Border
6296:Malapa
6172:Ngalue
6047:Beasts
6031:Matupi
5960:Africa
5890:Karain
5878:Turkey
5852:Spirit
5790:Minori
5780:Callao
5764:Shuqba
5608:Jordan
5579:Ōzakai
5574:Muroya
5523:Qafzeh
5493:Kebara
5476:Israel
5446:Yafteh
5441:Wezmeh
5271:Zhiren
5184:Tağlar
5086:Thor's
5021:Coygan
4969:Bichon
4923:Bedmar
4891:Sidrón
4727:Chufín
4660:Domica
4617:Serbia
4571:Russia
4468:Poland
4452:Norway
4386:Kosovo
4369:Jersey
4354:Romito
4296:Szelim
4255:Kleidi
4223:Greece
3928:Cussac
3918:Gargas
3873:Pataud
3795:France
3765:Mladeč
3722:Cyprus
3667:Magura
3631:Badanj
3624:Bosnia
3522:Europe
3098:Tayibe
3063:Shheem
2898:Labweh
2748:Flaoui
2713:Dakoue
2698:Byblos
2673:Beirut
2623:Apheca
2603:Amioun
2563:Aammiq
2226:Spring
2139:Cenote
2062:Diving
2057:Caving
2015:topics
1727:
1696:
1492:(.pdf)
1390:(.pdf)
1311:
1261:
991:
924:
841:(.pdf)
748:Lira (
670:Awards
660:Beirut
565:siphon
533:uplift
414:Byblos
388:, the
347:German
338:French
207:Beirut
177:Arabic
161: (
145:Access
103:Length
7508:Samoa
7362:Ubirr
7352:ORS 7
7121:Shoup
7081:Mummy
7076:Modoc
7066:Martz
7016:Hogup
6926:Baker
6742:Pluma
6648:Chile
6613:Santo
6539:Aruba
6508:North
6448:Nyero
6432:Mumba
6356:Cango
6098:Libya
6061:Kenya
6040:Egypt
5937:Ngườm
5800:Tabon
5657:Jeita
5557:Japan
5543:Tabun
5538:Skhul
5528:Qesem
5498:Manot
5359:Tikla
5334:Belum
5322:India
5292:Laili
5241:Luobi
5231:Fuyan
5219:China
5194:Gazma
5169:Azykh
5164:Allar
5051:Kents
4918:Axlor
4908:Antón
4903:Ángel
4861:Nerja
4799:Araña
4705:Spain
4696:Potok
4691:Pekel
4681:Betal
4418:Malta
4343:Felci
4305:Italy
4186:Ofnet
4046:Cauna
4042:Calès
4015:Arago
3993:Renne
3973:Niaux
3770:Šipka
3760:Kůlna
3587:Goyet
3582:Engis
3443:Zahlé
3433:Yanta
3393:Toron
3093:Taire
3068:Sidon
2568:Aaqbe
2558:Aaiha
2254:River
2196:Ponor
2149:Foiba
2091:Karst
2074:Fauna
1915:(PDF)
1900:(PDF)
1798:. ETN
1751:(PDF)
1632:(PDF)
1625:(PDF)
1485:(PDF)
1383:(PDF)
1230:(pdf)
922:S2CID
894:(PDF)
830:(PDF)
470:Flint
422:sherd
255:Jeita
199:Jeita
191:caves
56:Jeita
7551:Cave
7499:Kilu
7392:Guam
7232:Bone
7036:Levi
6976:Dust
6857:Peru
6760:Hato
6732:Cura
6710:Cuba
6655:Fell
6510:and
6427:Bahi
5698:Niah
5624:Laos
5483:Amud
5455:Iraq
5399:Iran
5114:Asia
5081:Sand
4866:Niño
4562:Oase
4337:Deer
4065:Fées
3786:Wolf
3408:Tyre
2823:Jieh
2798:Jbaa
2788:Iaat
2638:Arqa
2274:and
2249:Lake
2236:Sump
2179:Mine
2013:Cave
1725:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1351:2011
1309:ISBN
1259:ISBN
989:ISBN
770:and
524:and
171:The
140:none
114:1836
6209:Rop
5189:Zar
4024:Azé
3610:Spy
2993:Qaa
2376:Vug
914:doi
649:VAT
7584::
1932:.
1908:52
1906:.
1902:.
1845:.
1819:.
1794:.
1723:.
1721:96
1659:.
1647:^
1605:^
1555:^
1531:.
1414:.
1359:^
1323:^
1245:^
1217:^
1154:^
1133:.
1081:.
1031:^
1003:^
973:^
949:.
920:.
912:.
902:70
900:.
896:.
881:^
864:.
832:.
818:^
666:.
655:.
567:.
489:.
357:.
333:.
261:.
179::
58:,
4795:)
3477:e
3470:t
3463:v
2527:e
2520:t
2513:v
2005:e
1998:t
1991:v
1947:.
1881:.
1855:.
1830:.
1805:.
1733:.
1702:.
1677:.
1641:.
1599:.
1578:.
1549:.
1501:.
1469:.
1445:.
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1399:.
1353:.
1317:.
1292:.
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1239:.
1211:.
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997:.
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165:)
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