873:
3666:
469:
779:
935:(also known as a lift sheet) is laid on top of the fitted sheet at the center, where it will lie beneath the patient's midsection. The draw sheet is commonly used to assist in lifting or repositioning the patient. Sheets positioned under the patient are securely tucked in to prevent the formation of wrinkles, which can contribute to skin breakdown. A top sheet and a blanket are then placed over the bed, with the corners neatly mitered.
3676:
548:
from adults to perform ADLs, as they have not yet developed the skills necessary to perform them independently. Aging and disabilities, affecting individuals across different age groups, can significantly alter a person's daily life. Such changes must be carefully managed to maintain health and well-being.
748:
Skills in assisting with ADLs are required in nursing and other professions, such as nursing assistants in hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and other long-term care settings. This includes assisting in patient mobility, such as repositioning an activity-intolerant patient in bed.
984:
Pervasive computing technology was considered to determine the wellness of the elderly living independently in their homes. The framework of the intelligent system consists of monitoring important daily activities through the observation of everyday object usage. The improved wellness indices helped
906:, patients must be placed on aspiration precautions. The feeding rate and bite sizes are tailored to each patient's tolerance. Dietary modifications, as recommended by a nutrition consultation, can include chopping, mincing, pureeing, or adding thickeners to make swallowing easier. For patients with
823:
A bed bath involves using a bath blanket to cover the patient, ensuring that only the area being washed is exposed at any given time. This practice maintains privacy and keeps the patient warm. Typically, the eyes are cleansed first, using water without soap to prevent irritation. Each eye should be
598:
The
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a tool developed in 1983 that uses a 0 to 7 scale to evaluate different ADLs based on the level of assistance required. A score of 7 indicates that the individual is independent, while a score of 0 signifies that the individual cannot perform the activity
587:
Functional mobility, often referred to as "transferring." This includes the ability to walk, get in and out of bed, and get into and out of a chair. The broader definition covers moving from one place to another while performing activities and is useful for people with varying physical abilities who
555:
ADLs are categorized into basic self-care tasks (typically learned in infancy) or instrumental tasks generally learned throughout adolescence. A person who cannot perform essential ADLs may have a poorer quality of life or be unsafe in their current living conditions; therefore, they may require the
1090:
Life skills programmes may reduce the risk of not improving in day-to-day functioning for general household activity skills when compared with standard care, but, at present, it is not possible to be confident about the difference between the two treatments and data supporting this finding are very
1026:
Katz et al. (1963) made a claim that became the basis for the ontological assumptions of the ADL research tradition. In their suggestion that there was an "ordered regression as part of the natural process of aging" (p. 918), there was an implicit generalization, from their sample of older persons
1011:
patients over an 18-month period, collecting comprehensive data on their treatments, progression, and outcomes. Analysis of the data revealed that the patients perceived as most independent were able to perform a range of basic activities, from the more complex task of bathing to the simpler one of
762:
In community residential care settings, it is essential for personal assistants, doctors, and nurses to recognize that illness can alter a patient's mental state, affecting their reactions to change and possibly leading to behaviors such as fussiness or capriciousness. Providing care with patience,
735:
employ exercises to help patients maintain and improve independence in ADLs. The exercise program is tailored to the patient's specific deficits, which may include walking speed, strength, balance, and coordination. A slow walking speed has been linked to an increased risk of falls; thus, exercises
551:
Common activities of daily living (ADLs) include feeding oneself, bathing, dressing, grooming, working, homemaking, and managing personal hygiene after using the toilet. A number of national surveys have collected data on the ADL status of the U.S. population. Although basic definitions of ADLs are
547:
In 1969, Lawton and Brody developed the concept of
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) to capture the range of activities that support independent living. These are often utilized in caring for individuals with disabilities, injuries, and the elderly. Younger children often require help
889:
To maintain self-esteem, patients are involved as much as possible in their care. Their preferences for the order of consuming their meal items are respected. Condiments are provided, and food is prepared according to each patient's preferences. Adequate liquid is supplied with the meal. Necessary
880:
When making an occupied bed, for instance for patients who cannot or have difficulty getting out of bed, the bed is made one side at a time. However, for patients for whom rolling to the side is contraindicated, such as those recovering from hip replacement surgery, the process is modified. These
753:
support of 20 or more hours a week for people with impairments. A 2008 review suggested that personal assistance may offer benefits to some elderly individuals and their informal caretakers. Further research is required to evaluate the efficiency of different personal assistance models and their
740:. After initiating an exercise program, it is important to maintain the routine. Otherwise, the benefits will be lost. For frail patients, regular exercise is vital in preserving functional independence and preventing the need for external assistance or placement in a long-term care facility.
1053:
Currently, there is no good evidence to suggest ADL skills programmes are effective for people with chronic mental illnesses. More robust data is needed from studies that are adequately powered to determine whether skills training is beneficial for people with chronic mental health problems.
1112:
Life skills programmes may reduce the risk of not improving in day-to-day functioning for laundry skills when compared with standard care, but, at present it is not possible to be confident about the difference between the two treatments and data supporting this finding are very limited.
1788:
GinĂ©-Garriga, Maria; RoquĂ©-FĂguls, Marta; Coll-Planas, Laura; SitjĂ -Rabert, Mercè; SalvĂ , Antoni (2014). "Physical
Exercise Interventions for Improving Performance-Based Measures of Physical Function in Community-Dwelling, Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".
2153:
770:. Nursing care is usually divided into general and specialized care. Particular difficulties arise when caring for the severely ill. A healthy workspace is an important factor. If caregivers are mistreated or burnt out, it can lead to residents being neglected and mistreated.
728:
evaluate and use therapeutic interventions to rebuild the skills required to maintain, regain, or increase a person's independence in all
Activities of Daily Living may have diminished due to physical or mental health conditions, injuries, or age-related impairments.
1001:. Unlike studies investigating specific disease outcomes, research employing ADL assessments is sensitive to a wider range of health effects, including those with lower levels of impact. ADL is measured on a continuous scale, which simplifies the research process.
1129:
Life skills programmes make no difference to self-care when compared with standard care, but, at present it is not possible to be confident about the difference between these two treatments. This finding is based on data of very limited quality.
2142:
1021:
Although the scale offers a standardized measure of psychological and biological function, the process of arriving at this assumption has been criticized. Specifically, Porter has argued for a phenomenological approach noting that:
835:
should be washed from the least contaminated area to the most contaminated area. In females, this involves spreading the labia and washing from the pubic area toward the anal area, never in reverse. For males, the tip of the
868:
For individuals with one side weaker than the other (e.g., due to a stroke), it is recommended to dress the weaker side first using the stronger arm. Conversely, when undressing, the stronger side should be undressed first.
552:
established, what specifically constitutes a particular ADL can vary for each individual. Cultural background and education level are among the factors that can influence a person's perception of their functional abilities.
1100:
918:
For individuals on suicide watch, meals are provided in plastic or paper containers accompanied by plastic utensils (excluding knives), and the use of sharp objects is permitted only under continuous staff supervision.
1031:
Porter emphasizes the possible disease-specific nature of ADLs (being derived from hip-fracture patients), the need for an objective definition of ADLs, and the possible value of adding additional functional measures.
2089:
543:
and his team at the
Benjamin Rose Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. Since then, numerous researchers have expanded on the concept of ADLs. For instance, many indexes that assess ADLs now incorporate measures of mobility.
811:. To protect the patient's head from injury during repositioning, a pillow is commonly placed at the head of the bed. To move a bedridden patient up in bed, caregivers utilize either a friction-reducing sheet or a
749:
Hygiene assistance may involve giving bed baths and helping with urinary and bowel elimination. Personal care assistants are required to adhere to established standards of care. Personal assistance is defined as
1204:
On average, people receiving a life skills programme scored 0.02 lower than people treated with standard care. There was no clear difference between the groups and this finding is based on data of very limited
2332:
N. K. Suryadevara and S. C. Mukhopadhyay, "Determining
Wellness through an Ambient Assisted Living Environment," in IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 30-37, May–June 2014, doi: 10.1109/MIS.2014.16.
1695:
828:. A clean section of the cloth is used, or the cloth is rinsed before cleaning the second eye, to prevent the spreading of any organisms. After washing, each area is dried before moving on to the next.
1520:
881:
patients are assisted into a sitting position while the caregiver makes the top half of the bed. Once completed, the patient is then helped to lie back while the bottom half of the bed is made.
3255:
556:
help of other individuals and/or mechanical devices. Examples of mechanical devices to aid in ADLs include electric lifting chairs, bathtub transfer benches and ramps to replace stairs.
3291:
763:
tact, concentration, discipline, and compassion is crucial to building trust with patients, maintaining their confidence, and supporting the success of their treatment and recovery.
641:
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are not essential for basic day-to-day functioning, but they enable an individual to maintain a level of independence in a community.
2061:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, page 1058-1060.
1875:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, page 1056-1057.
766:
Because nursing care requires a great deal of attention and energy, nursing staff in some countries are often required to have national license as nurses, such as having passed the
2118:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, page 910-911.
2070:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, page 896-899.
1341:
844:
is gently retracted, washed, and then promptly returned to its original position to prevent restricting circulation. For children, the foreskin is not retracted to avoid injury.
2132:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 1184.
2079:
Taylor, C. R.; Lillis, C.; LeMone, P.; Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 1263.
2177:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 906.
962:
In the domain of disability, measures have been developed to capture functional recovery in performing basic activities of daily living. Amongst them, some measures like the
2097:
192:
910:, a clock face analogy is commonly used to describe the position of meal items. When not contraindicated by dysphagia, straws are provided to help prevent spills.
1689:
3271:
1597:
3384:
3281:
1151:
Life skills programme makes no clear difference to the risk of loss to follow-up compared with standard care. Data supporting this finding are very limited.
902:
are put in place before mealtime. Oral hygiene is important after eating and includes brushing teeth, cleaning dentures, and using mouthwash. For those with
1012:
feeding themselves. Based on these findings, Katz developed a scale to evaluate a patient's capacity for living. This scale was first published in the 1963
2593:
1454:
1408:
808:
1476:
3312:
943:
Wound dressings can be categorized into several types, including hydrocolloid, hydrogel, alginate, collagen, foam, transparent, and cloth dressings.
951:
Several evaluation tools are available to assess Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), including the
1178:
People receiving life skills programme scored the same as people receiving standard care. Findings are based on data of very limited quality.*
1039:
examined the effectiveness of programmes designed to teach activities of daily living skills, specifically to individuals with schizophrenia:
3286:
978:
1937:
1767:
1990:
974:
795:
Patients who are immobile should be repositioned at least every two hours to prevent the development of pressure ulcers, commonly known as
507:
3124:
1425:
1014:
329:
2344:"Impact of Pain on Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA)"
2223:
3475:
1333:
973:
Most models of health care service use ADL evaluations in their practice, including the medical (or institutional) models, such as the
1717:
1620:"Underestimating Physical Function Gains: Comparing FIM Motor Subscale and interRAI Post Acute Care Activities of Daily Living Scale"
676:
1657:
633:"DEATH" can be helpful for recalling different ADLs: Dressing/bathing, Eating, Ambulating (moving/walking), Toileting, and Hygiene.
2586:
956:
182:
3510:
3374:
3276:
2992:
1826:"Extended Exercise Rehabilitation After Hip Fracture Improves Patients' Physical Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
3617:
2997:
767:
2824:
2527:
1591:
3343:
1558:
1170:
293:
2442:
Gurland, Barry J.; Maurer, Mathew S. (2012). "Life and Works of Sidney Katz, MD: A Life Marked by Fundamental Discovery".
2204:
3586:
2579:
1890:
Montgomery, P.; Mayo-Wilson, E.; Dennis, J. (2008-01-23). "Personal assistance for older adults (65+) without dementia".
17:
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3379:
3333:
2149:
374:
337:
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3012:
1579:
478:
1691:
CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Family Medicine, 3e > Chapter 39. Healthy Aging & Assessing Older Adults
3178:
3040:
1267:
967:
500:
364:
202:
99:
2237:"Functional recovery measures for spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research"
3581:
3117:
3002:
2959:
1238:
963:
1450:
1405:
3495:
3439:
3060:
3007:
369:
221:
860:
as well as urinary elimination for females. The head of the bed is raised to assist in voiding or defecating.
3700:
3546:
3307:
3183:
3091:
177:
152:
3551:
3348:
2013:"The National Elder Mistreatment Study 8 Years Later: Victim Mental Health Outcomes and Protective Factors"
1262:
298:
3353:
3328:
3157:
3045:
2987:
2093:
2011:
Hernandez-Tejada, Melba; Acierno, Ron; Anetzberger, Georgia; Loew, Daniel; Muzzy, Wendy (November 2019).
493:
313:
308:
65:
3622:
3250:
3162:
3110:
172:
70:
31:
2286:"Outcome measures in spinal cord injury: recent assessments and recommendations for future directions"
1760:"Occupational Therapists : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
3338:
3193:
2817:
840:
is cleansed first, moving away from the urethral opening (meatus). If the male is uncircumcised, the
318:
112:
94:
679:
identifies 12 types of IADLs, which may be performed individually or as co-occupations with others.
3515:
3490:
2872:
1272:
1181:
955:, the Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) ADL/IADL scale, the Lawton IADL scale, and the
197:
3629:
3576:
3571:
3500:
3022:
2781:
1929:
1759:
1619:
1252:
799:. Repositioning hospitalized patients also offers additional benefits, such as a reduced risk of
451:
1982:
3612:
3505:
3017:
2480:
Porter, Eileen Jones (1995). "A Phenomenological Alternative to the" ADL Research Tradition"".
1661:
725:
441:
1618:
Glenny, Christine; Stolee, Paul; Thompson, Mary; Husted, Janice; Berg, Katherine (June 2012).
1429:
3203:
2979:
2760:
187:
3536:
3520:
3485:
3419:
2943:
2923:
2862:
2810:
1745:
1364:"Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living1"
800:
672:
584:
Toilet hygiene, which involves getting to the toilet, cleaning oneself, and getting back up
239:
147:
75:
831:
Perineal care follows a specific protocol to minimize the transfer of microorganisms. The
8:
3710:
3669:
3188:
3055:
2745:
997:
studies as a measure of health in later life that does not focus exclusively on specific
824:
cleaned from the inner corner near the nose outward, to avoid transferring debris to the
532:
473:
122:
2370:
2343:
3715:
3602:
3424:
3152:
2898:
2893:
2552:
2505:
2310:
2285:
2261:
2236:
2047:
2012:
1512:
732:
536:
434:
55:
3556:
3459:
3409:
3220:
3081:
3050:
2791:
2557:
2497:
2459:
2424:
2416:
2375:
2315:
2266:
2196:
2034:
1911:
1903:
1855:
1847:
1806:
1737:
1639:
1587:
1550:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1383:
1315:
1036:
907:
575:
274:
234:
117:
2509:
1541:
Edemekong, Peter F.; Bomgaars, Deb L.; Sukumaran, Sukesh; Levy, Shoshana B. (2021),
1516:
1379:
3705:
3649:
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3198:
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2691:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2489:
2451:
2406:
2365:
2355:
2305:
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2256:
2252:
2248:
2042:
2024:
1899:
1895:
1837:
1798:
1729:
1631:
1488:
1477:"Self-Assessed Health, Impairment and Disability in Anglo, Black and Cuban Elderly"
1375:
1305:
592:
571:
410:
405:
269:
142:
3358:
2903:
2877:
2786:
2029:
1412:
1192:
966:
are designed for assessment across a wide range of disabilities. Others like the
952:
804:
783:
244:
2455:
1363:
535:
often use a person's ability or inability to perform ADLs as a measure of their
3607:
3215:
2913:
2857:
2493:
2188:
1802:
1787:
1635:
1542:
1334:"Measuring the Activities of Daily Living: Comparisons Across National Surveys"
446:
420:
303:
2360:
2187:
Britto, Errol J.; Nezwek, Trevor A.; Popowicz, Patrycja; Robins, Marc (2023),
985:
in reducing false warnings related to the daily activities of elderly living.
3694:
3444:
3210:
2918:
2571:
2420:
2038:
1907:
1851:
1718:"Occupational therapy practice framework: domain & practice, 2nd edition"
1500:
1387:
1162:
1094:
259:
107:
2411:
2394:
1310:
1293:
3561:
3429:
3389:
2964:
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2733:
2679:
2561:
2501:
2463:
2428:
2379:
2319:
2270:
2200:
1915:
1859:
1810:
1741:
1643:
1554:
1319:
1008:
994:
928:
379:
323:
249:
1958:
1733:
1508:
591:
Self-feeding, which is limited to the act of eating itself, as opposed to
3639:
3065:
1842:
1825:
1077:
1004:
895:
837:
540:
415:
2395:"Sidney Katz, MD: A New Paradigm for Chronic Illness and Long-Term Care"
1294:"Sidney Katz, MD: A New Paradigm for Chronic Illness and Long-Term Care"
970:
are designed to evaluate participants in a specific type of disability.
872:
3634:
3449:
3147:
3133:
2847:
2776:
2701:
2674:
2645:
2301:
1475:
Linn, Margaret W.; Hunter, Kathleen I.; Linn, Bernard S. (March 1980).
1218:* At present the meaning of these scores in day-to-day care is unclear.
932:
857:
812:
645:
397:
264:
40:
27:
Term used in healthcare to refer to people's daily self-care activities
2010:
778:
3434:
2908:
2833:
2740:
2729:
2707:
2641:
903:
825:
736:
that enhance walking speed are crucial for safer and more functional
528:
254:
3566:
2696:
2630:
998:
891:
841:
832:
796:
659:
630:
3292:
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
3245:
2928:
2755:
2686:
2651:
2625:
1983:"Ethical Challenges in the Care of Patients with Serious Illness"
1824:
Auais, Mohammad A.; Eilayyan, Owis; Mayo, Nancy E. (2012-11-01).
1674:
Bookman, A., Harrington, M., Pass, L., & Reisner, E. (2007).
899:
737:
527:) is a term used in healthcare to refer to an individual's daily
384:
60:
2750:
2635:
1404:. ed. Kristine Krapp. Gale Group, Inc., 2002. eNotes.com. 2006.
853:
683:
Care of others (including selecting and supervising caregivers)
1540:
539:. The concept of ADLs was originally proposed in the 1950s by
3102:
2852:
2802:
2656:
2525:
2143:"Suicide risk screening and suicide precautions for patients"
1889:
1584:
Current Diagnosis and Treatment: Geriatrics, Second Edition
1018:
and has been cited over 1,000 times since its publication.
750:
2186:
1617:
931:
is placed over the mattress of a hospital bed. Often, a
1678:. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
578:, which encompasses brushing, combing, and styling hair
3282:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
2528:"Life skills programmes for chronic mental illnesses"
2444:
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
1871:
1869:
1716:
Roley SS, DeLany JV, Barrows CJ, et al. (2008).
675:
often evaluate IADLs during patient assessments. The
1580:"Consideration of Function & Functional Decline"
1292:
Noelker, Linda; Browdie, Richard (August 22, 2013).
602:
The specific breakdown of the scale is shown below:
564:
Basic ADLs consist of self-care tasks that include:
2526:Tungpunkom, P; Maayan, N; Soares-Weiser, K (2012).
668:
Using the telephone or other forms of communication
2393:Noelker, Linda S.; Browdie, Richard (2014-02-01).
1866:
1715:
1362:Lawton, M. Powell; Brody, Elaine M. (1969-10-01).
1199:Average score (Quality of Well-Being Scale index).
1823:
3692:
1791:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
1624:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
1043:Life skills programme compared to standard care
977:, and the resident-centered models, such as the
2195:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1549:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2601:
2392:
1474:
1291:
3287:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons
3118:
2818:
2587:
2441:
979:Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly
501:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2611:Used to refer to daily self-care activities
1892:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1586:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 3–4.
1402:Encyclopedia of Nursing & Allied Health
1361:
1015:Journal of the American Medical Association
3675:
3476:Augmentative and alternative communication
3125:
3111:
2825:
2811:
2594:
2580:
2521:
2519:
508:
494:
2551:
2410:
2369:
2359:
2309:
2283:
2260:
2121:
2046:
2028:
1841:
1400:"Activities of Daily Living Evaluation."
1309:
1208:MD 0.02 lower (0.07 lower to 0.03 higher)
1027:with fractured hips to all older persons.
993:ADL evaluations are increasingly used in
757:
713:Safety procedures and emergency responses
677:American Occupational Therapy Association
2234:
1687:
1577:
957:Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale
871:
777:
3511:Disproportionality in special education
2993:Nursing home care in the United Kingdom
2532:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2516:
2341:
2064:
1650:
14:
3693:
2998:Nursing home care in the United States
2479:
1885:
1883:
1881:
913:
100:Individualized Education Program (IEP)
3106:
2806:
2575:
2475:
2473:
2342:Singh A; et al. (May 20, 2024).
773:
375:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI)
2090:"Dressing tips for stroke survivors"
1709:
1426:"MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary"
1171:Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
975:Roper–Logan–Tierney model of nursing
588:can still move around independently.
294:Social Security Disability Insurance
3618:Disability in children's literature
2159:from the original on 4 January 2017
1878:
1668:
1443:
856:is used for bed-bound patients for
662:for groceries and other necessities
24:
3481:Emotional or behavioral disability
2470:
2150:University of Texas Medical Branch
704:Home establishment and maintenance
646:Cleaning and maintaining the house
338:Ontario Disability Support Program
25:
3727:
3013:Social care in the United Kingdom
2666:
1418:
1394:
786:used for those with hip fractures
701:Health management and maintenance
3674:
3665:
3664:
3041:Caring in intimate relationships
1493:10.1097/00005650-198003000-00003
1268:Global Assessment of Functioning
968:Spinal Cord Independence Measure
876:Hospital bed with mitred corners
468:
467:
365:National Telecommuting Institute
3003:Home care in the United Kingdom
2960:Caring for people with dementia
2435:
2386:
2335:
2326:
2277:
2241:Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
2228:
2217:
2207:from the original on 2023-08-05
2180:
2171:
2135:
2112:
2082:
2073:
2055:
2004:
1993:from the original on 2022-08-06
1975:
1951:
1940:from the original on 2022-08-06
1922:
1817:
1781:
1770:from the original on 2019-08-28
1752:
1698:from the original on 2016-12-23
1681:
1611:
1600:from the original on 2016-12-23
1561:from the original on 2021-09-22
1523:from the original on 2021-09-09
1457:from the original on 2015-07-22
1344:from the original on 2021-09-09
1085:- in household activity skills.
964:Functional Independence Measure
636:
3496:Disability and LGBT identities
3132:
3061:Unlicensed assistive personnel
3008:Home care in the United States
2832:
2544:10.1002/14651858.CD000381.pub3
2253:10.1080/10790268.2008.11760704
1900:10.1002/14651858.CD006855.pub2
1571:
1534:
1468:
1355:
1326:
1285:
1184:0 (3.12 lower to 3.12 higher )
370:Society for Disability Studies
222:Unlicensed assistive personnel
13:
1:
3308:Services for mental disorders
3092:Distress in cancer caregiving
1694:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
1380:10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179
1278:
946:
938:
922:
743:
665:Taking prescribed medications
3313:Services for disabled people
1660:. 2011-08-26. Archived from
1658:"Activities of Daily Living"
1543:"Activities of Daily Living"
1263:Schwab and England ADL scale
847:
707:Meal preparation and cleanup
626:0 - Activity Does Not Occur
299:Supplemental Security Income
61:Ableism / Disablism
7:
3596:Arts, media, culture, sport
3046:Direct support professional
2988:Nursing home care in Canada
2482:Journal of Aging and Health
2456:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.09.003
2094:American Stroke Association
1406:Enotes Nursing Encyclopedia
1232:
988:
863:
790:
653:Moving within the community
629:While not widely used, the
314:Disabled students allowance
309:Disability Living Allowance
10:
3732:
3623:Disability in horror films
3415:Activities of daily living
2868:Activities of daily living
2617:
2603:Activities of daily living
2494:10.1177/089826439500700102
2030:10.1093/geroni/igz038.1773
1803:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.11.007
1688:Williams, Cynthia (2011).
1636:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.12.027
1244:Activities of daily living
884:
818:
720:
608:6 - Modified Independence
605:7 - Complete Independence
521:Activities of daily living
173:Disability rights movement
32:Activities of Daily Living
29:
3660:
3595:
3529:
3468:
3402:
3367:
3321:
3300:
3264:
3238:
3231:
3171:
3140:
3074:
3033:
2978:
2952:
2886:
2840:
2769:
2719:
2665:
2616:
2609:
2361:10.3390/geriatrics9030065
1676:Family Caregiver Handbook
1415:Accessed on: 11 Oct, 2007
1253:Resources in your library
1191:
1161:
1140:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
611:5 - Supervision or Setup
319:Disabled Persons Railcard
3516:Sexuality and disability
3491:Disability and disasters
3403:Structural and assistive
2873:Long-term care insurance
1930:"Nursing Certifications"
1273:Long term care insurance
1201:Follow-up: mean 24 weeks
1175:Follow-up: mean 24 weeks
1148:Follow-up: 6 to 16 weeks
1141:Leaving the study early
1126:Follow-up: mean 12 weeks
1109:Follow-up: mean 12 weeks
1087:Follow-up: mean 12 weeks
1007:conducted a study of 64
692:Communication management
617:3 - Moderate Assistance
559:
332:the Severely Handicapped
288:Socioeconomic assistance
198:Sexuality and disability
3630:Disability in the media
3501:Disability and religion
3440:Personal Care Assistant
2782:Personal care assistant
1578:Williams, Brie (2014).
1146:Leaving the study early
726:Occupational therapists
673:Occupational therapists
620:2 - Maximal Assistance
614:4 - Minimal Assistance
452:Disability in the media
3613:Disability in the arts
3506:Disability and poverty
3445:Physical accessibility
3075:Support for caregivers
2953:Special considerations
2284:Alexander, MS (2009).
2235:Anderson, Kim (2007).
2023:(Supplement_1): S476.
1451:"United States Census"
1124:- in self-care skills.
1116:RR 0.14 (0.01 to 2.38)
1080:– no important change
1029:
877:
787:
758:Caretaker requirements
442:Disability in the arts
260:Physical accessibility
3204:driver rehabilitation
2980:Caregiving by country
2720:Optional-instrumental
2412:10.1093/geront/gnt086
1934:nursinglicensemap.com
1734:10.5014/ajot.62.6.625
1374:(3_Part_1): 179–186.
1311:10.1093/geront/gnt086
1173:– positive syndrome).
1154:RR 1.16 (0.4 to 3.36)
1024:
875:
781:
710:Religious observances
623:1 - Total Assistance
568:Bathing and showering
188:People-first language
166:Societal implications
3701:Occupational therapy
3537:Models of disability
3521:Youth and disability
3486:Invisible disability
3435:Orthotics and braces
3420:Assistive technology
3232:Rights, law, support
2944:Retirement community
2863:Occupational therapy
2538:(1): CD000381.pub3.
1843:10.2522/ptj.20110274
1340:. 31 December 1989.
1107:- in laundry skills.
1072:Quality of evidence
1069:Findings in numbers
801:deep vein thrombosis
698:Financial management
599:without assistance.
533:Health professionals
255:Orthotics and braces
240:Assistive technology
3189:Learning disability
3056:Sandwich generation
3034:Types of caregivers
2887:Living arrangements
2841:Background concepts
2746:Emergency responses
2017:Innovation in Aging
1133:RR 1 (0.28 to 3.54)
1097:0.24 (0.01 to 4.72)
1044:
914:Suicide precautions
733:Physical therapists
216:Personal assistance
123:Learning disability
30:For the novel, see
18:Daily living skills
3603:Disability culture
3530:Disability studies
3425:Independent living
3153:Disability studies
2899:Home modifications
2894:Independent living
2302:10.1038/sc.2009.18
2100:on 8 November 2018
1411:2011-05-27 at the
1066:Findings in words
1042:
908:visual impairments
878:
809:functional decline
788:
774:Special care needs
695:Community mobility
330:Assured Income for
3688:
3687:
3557:Neuroqueer theory
3460:Web accessibility
3410:Accessible toilet
3398:
3397:
3251:Disability rights
3246:Ableism/disablism
3100:
3099:
3051:Family caregivers
2800:
2799:
2792:Care of residents
2751:Safety procedures
2737:
2399:The Gerontologist
2189:"Wound Dressings"
1593:978-0-07-179208-0
1368:The Gerontologist
1298:The Gerontologist
1239:Library resources
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1037:systematic review
858:bowel elimination
537:functional status
518:
517:
275:Web accessibility
235:Accessible toilet
118:Special education
56:Disability theory
49:Theory and models
16:(Redirected from
3723:
3678:
3677:
3668:
3667:
3650:Special Olympics
3542:Inspiration porn
3455:Universal design
3256:Pejorative terms
3236:
3235:
3199:Physical therapy
3127:
3120:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3087:Caregiver stress
2970:End-of-life care
2939:Residential care
2827:
2820:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2770:Related articles
2727:
2687:Meal preparation
2626:Personal hygiene
2596:
2589:
2582:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2555:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2414:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2264:
2232:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2158:
2147:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2096:. Archived from
2086:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2032:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1987:academic.oup.com
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1887:
1876:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1845:
1830:Physical Therapy
1821:
1815:
1814:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1744:. Archived from
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1679:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1630:(6): 1000–1008.
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1428:. Archived from
1422:
1416:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1313:
1289:
1169:Average score. (
1060:
1059:
1045:
1041:
593:assisted feeding
572:Personal hygiene
510:
503:
496:
471:
470:
411:Paralympic Games
406:Special Olympics
270:Universal design
193:Pejorative terms
37:
36:
21:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3656:
3591:
3525:
3464:
3394:
3368:Activist groups
3363:
3317:
3296:
3260:
3227:
3167:
3136:
3131:
3101:
3096:
3070:
3029:
2974:
2948:
2904:Assisted living
2882:
2878:Dignity of risk
2836:
2831:
2801:
2796:
2787:Assisted living
2765:
2761:Sexual activity
2715:
2661:
2636:Feeding oneself
2612:
2605:
2600:
2570:
2569:
2524:
2517:
2478:
2471:
2440:
2436:
2391:
2387:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2282:
2278:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2208:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1994:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1959:"What is NCLEX"
1957:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1894:(1): CD006855.
1888:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1836:(11): 1437–51.
1822:
1818:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1771:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1722:Am J Occup Ther
1714:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1686:
1682:
1673:
1669:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1616:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1594:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1562:
1539:
1535:
1526:
1524:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1413:Wayback Machine
1399:
1395:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1345:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1200:
1193:Quality of life
1174:
1147:
1125:
1108:
1086:
995:epidemiological
991:
949:
941:
925:
916:
887:
866:
850:
821:
805:pressure ulcers
793:
784:fracture bedpan
776:
760:
754:overall costs.
746:
723:
656:Preparing meals
639:
562:
514:
483:
457:
456:
437:
427:
426:
425:
400:
390:
389:
360:
359:
343:
342:
334:
331:
289:
281:
280:
279:
245:Assisted living
217:
209:
208:
207:
167:
159:
158:
157:
137:
129:
128:
127:
90:
82:
81:
80:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3729:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3672:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3610:
3608:Disability art
3605:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:Carers' rights
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:Aging in place
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2858:Long-term care
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2699:
2694:
2692:Managing money
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2515:
2469:
2434:
2385:
2334:
2325:
2296:(8): 582–591.
2276:
2247:(2): 133–144.
2227:
2224:Katz ADL scale
2216:
2179:
2170:
2134:
2120:
2111:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2003:
1974:
1950:
1921:
1877:
1865:
1816:
1780:
1751:
1748:on 2014-04-13.
1708:
1680:
1667:
1664:on 2013-06-28.
1649:
1610:
1592:
1570:
1533:
1487:(3): 282–288.
1467:
1442:
1417:
1393:
1354:
1325:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1049:
990:
987:
953:Katz ADL scale
948:
945:
940:
937:
924:
921:
915:
912:
886:
883:
865:
862:
849:
846:
820:
817:
792:
789:
775:
772:
759:
756:
745:
742:
722:
719:
718:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
670:
669:
666:
663:
657:
654:
651:
650:Managing money
648:
638:
635:
596:
595:
589:
585:
582:
579:
569:
561:
558:
516:
515:
513:
512:
505:
498:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
482:
481:
476:
464:
459:
458:
455:
454:
449:
447:Disability art
444:
438:
433:
432:
429:
428:
424:
423:
421:Invictus Games
418:
413:
408:
402:
401:
396:
395:
392:
391:
388:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
361:
358:
357:
354:
350:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
335:
328:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
304:Ticket to Work
301:
296:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
278:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
231:
230:
229:
218:
215:
214:
211:
210:
206:
205:
203:Women's health
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
169:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
155:
150:
145:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
126:
125:
120:
115:
113:Special school
110:
104:
103:
102:
97:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
79:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3728:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3681:
3673:
3671:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:Social issues
3467:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3211:Special needs
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:Mainstreaming
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Medical model
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:Adult daycare
2922:
2920:
2919:Elder village
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:Child rearing
2739:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2520:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2450:(9): 764–65.
2449:
2445:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2220:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2174:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2138:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2115:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1797:(4): 753–69.
1796:
1792:
1784:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1728:(6): 625–83.
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1432:on 2014-02-25
1431:
1427:
1421:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
986:
982:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
960:
958:
954:
944:
936:
934:
930:
920:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
890:aids such as
882:
874:
870:
861:
859:
855:
845:
843:
839:
834:
829:
827:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
785:
780:
771:
769:
764:
755:
752:
741:
739:
734:
730:
727:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
689:Child rearing
688:
685:
682:
681:
680:
678:
674:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
642:
634:
632:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
594:
590:
586:
583:
580:
577:
573:
570:
567:
566:
565:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
492:
491:
489:
488:
480:
477:
475:
466:
465:
463:
462:
461:
460:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
436:
431:
430:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
399:
394:
393:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
356:Organizations
355:
352:
351:
347:
346:
339:
336:
333:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
285:
284:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
227:
223:
220:
219:
213:
212:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
183:Normalization
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
163:
162:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
140:
133:
132:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
108:Special needs
106:
105:
101:
98:
96:
95:Mainstreaming
93:
92:
86:
85:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
66:Medical model
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
46:
45:
42:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3572:Anthropology
3562:Deaf studies
3552:Crip as verb
3430:Mobility aid
3414:
3390:Reach Canada
3163:Social model
2965:Elderly care
2934:Nursing home
2867:
2667:Instrumental
2602:
2535:
2531:
2488:(1): 24–45.
2485:
2481:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2405:(1): 13–20.
2402:
2398:
2388:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2328:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2219:
2209:, retrieved
2192:
2182:
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2137:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:the original
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2020:
2016:
2006:
1995:. Retrieved
1986:
1977:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:
1953:
1942:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1891:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1772:. Retrieved
1763:
1754:
1746:the original
1725:
1721:
1711:
1700:. Retrieved
1690:
1683:
1675:
1670:
1662:the original
1652:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1602:. Retrieved
1583:
1573:
1563:, retrieved
1546:
1536:
1525:. Retrieved
1484:
1481:Medical Care
1480:
1470:
1459:. Retrieved
1445:
1434:. Retrieved
1430:the original
1420:
1401:
1396:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1337:
1328:
1304:(1): 13–20.
1301:
1297:
1287:
1243:
1163:Mental state
1034:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1009:hip fracture
1003:
992:
983:
972:
961:
950:
942:
929:fitted sheet
926:
917:
896:hearing aids
888:
879:
867:
851:
830:
822:
794:
765:
761:
747:
731:
724:
686:Care of pets
671:
640:
637:Instrumental
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
597:
563:
554:
550:
546:
531:activities.
524:
520:
519:
380:Visitability
324:Freedom Pass
250:Mobility aid
225:
148:Occupational
76:Other models
71:Social model
3645:Paralympics
3640:Deaflympics
3450:Prosthetics
3141:Main topics
3066:Young carer
2734:the elderly
2290:Spinal Cord
1764:www.bls.gov
1078:Life skills
1005:Sidney Katz
807:, and less
541:Sidney Katz
416:Deaflympics
265:Prosthetics
3711:Caregiving
3695:Categories
3635:Parasports
3172:Approaches
3148:Disability
3134:Disability
2848:Disability
2834:Caregiving
2777:Disability
2728:(of self,
2702:Technology
2652:Ambulation
2640:Voluntary
2348:Geriatrics
2211:2023-10-27
2193:StatPearls
1997:2022-08-06
1968:2022-08-06
1944:2022-08-06
1774:2019-04-17
1702:2016-12-22
1604:2016-12-22
1565:2021-09-09
1547:StatPearls
1527:2021-09-09
1461:2015-07-20
1436:2007-10-11
1348:2021-09-09
1279:References
947:Evaluation
939:Wound care
933:draw sheet
923:Bed making
813:draw sheet
744:Assistance
738:ambulation
474:Disability
398:Parasports
41:Disability
3716:Self-care
3582:Education
3577:Geography
3221:education
3184:Inclusion
2909:Home care
2708:Telephone
2675:Housework
2421:0016-9013
2354:(3): 65.
2163:4 January
2104:5 January
2039:2399-5300
1963:umock.com
1908:1469-493X
1852:0031-9023
1501:0025-7079
1388:0016-9013
1211:Very low
1205:quality.*
1187:Very low
1157:Very low
1136:Very low
1119:Very low
1091:limited.
904:dysphagia
848:Toileting
826:tear duct
797:bed sores
529:self-care
178:Inclusion
89:Education
3670:Category
3587:Journals
3567:Eugenics
3547:Bodymind
3354:Students
3301:Services
3023:Scotland
2730:children
2697:Shopping
2680:Cleaning
2657:Sleeping
2631:Dressing
2562:22258941
2510:20016182
2502:10165960
2464:23062621
2429:23969255
2380:38804322
2371:11130898
2320:19381157
2271:18581660
2205:archived
2201:29261956
2154:Archived
1991:Archived
1938:Archived
1916:18254118
1860:22822235
1811:24291597
1768:Archived
1742:19024744
1696:Archived
1644:22497989
1598:Archived
1559:archived
1555:29261878
1521:Archived
1517:31213145
1455:Archived
1409:Archived
1342:Archived
1320:23969255
1233:See also
1101:Very low
1063:Outcome
1048:Summary
999:ailments
989:Research
981:(PACE).
892:dentures
864:Dressing
842:foreskin
833:perineum
803:, fewer
791:Mobility
716:Shopping
660:Shopping
631:mnemonic
581:Dressing
576:grooming
143:Physical
3706:Nursing
3322:Support
3018:England
2929:Hospice
2756:Driving
2648:control
2642:urinary
2553:4160788
2311:2722687
2262:2578796
2048:6840381
1509:7366257
900:glasses
885:Feeding
819:Bathing
751:wagered
721:Therapy
435:Culture
385:WeThe15
224: (
136:Therapy
3239:Rights
3216:school
2560:
2550:
2508:
2500:
2462:
2427:
2419:
2378:
2368:
2318:
2308:
2269:
2259:
2199:
2045:
2037:
1914:
1906:
1858:
1850:
1809:
1740:
1642:
1590:
1553:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1386:
1318:
1241:about
898:, and
854:bedpan
472:
353:Groups
153:Speech
3680:Lists
3385:MINDS
2853:Aging
2726:Care
2646:bowel
2618:Basic
2506:S2CID
2157:(PDF)
2146:(PDF)
1513:S2CID
838:penis
768:NCLEX
560:Basic
479:Lists
3359:CNIB
3344:SSDI
3339:Rail
3334:ODSP
3272:AODA
2704:use
2644:and
2558:PMID
2498:PMID
2460:PMID
2425:PMID
2417:ISSN
2376:PMID
2316:PMID
2267:PMID
2197:PMID
2165:2017
2106:2017
2035:ISSN
1912:PMID
1904:ISSN
1856:PMID
1848:ISSN
1807:PMID
1738:PMID
1640:PMID
1588:ISBN
1551:PMID
1505:PMID
1497:ISSN
1384:ISSN
1338:ASPE
1316:PMID
574:and
525:ADLs
226:ADLs
3380:DPI
3375:CCD
3349:SSI
3329:DLA
3277:ADA
3265:Law
3179:IEP
2710:use
2548:PMC
2540:doi
2490:doi
2452:doi
2407:doi
2366:PMC
2356:doi
2306:PMC
2298:doi
2257:PMC
2249:doi
2043:PMC
2025:doi
1896:doi
1838:doi
1799:doi
1730:doi
1632:doi
1489:doi
1376:doi
1306:doi
3697::
2732:,
2556:.
2546:.
2534:.
2530:.
2518:^
2504:.
2496:.
2484:.
2472:^
2458:.
2448:13
2446:.
2423:.
2415:.
2403:54
2401:.
2397:.
2374:.
2364:.
2350:.
2346:.
2314:.
2304:.
2294:47
2292:.
2288:.
2265:.
2255:.
2245:31
2243:.
2239:.
2203:,
2191:,
2152:.
2148:.
2123:^
2092:.
2041:.
2033:.
2019:.
2015:.
1989:.
1985:.
1961:.
1936:.
1932:.
1910:.
1902:.
1880:^
1868:^
1854:.
1846:.
1834:92
1832:.
1828:.
1805:.
1795:95
1793:.
1766:.
1762:.
1736:.
1726:62
1724:.
1720:.
1638:.
1628:93
1626:.
1622:.
1596:.
1582:.
1557:,
1545:,
1519:.
1511:.
1503:.
1495:.
1485:18
1483:.
1479:.
1453:.
1382:.
1370:.
1366:.
1336:.
1314:.
1302:54
1300:.
1296:.
1182:MD
1095:RR
1035:A
959:.
927:A
894:,
852:A
815:.
782:A
3126:e
3119:t
3112:v
2826:e
2819:t
2812:v
2736:)
2595:e
2588:t
2581:v
2564:.
2542::
2536:1
2512:.
2492::
2486:7
2466:.
2454::
2431:.
2409::
2382:.
2358::
2352:9
2322:.
2300::
2273:.
2251::
2167:.
2108:.
2051:.
2027::
2021:3
2000:.
1971:.
1947:.
1918:.
1898::
1862:.
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