1427:ǃNau-i (traditional facial foundation) also played a significant part in Damara and the wider Khoekhoe cosmetics. Women would ǀīǃnâ (perfume) hides and blankets by stewing buchu on hot stones placed under a ǀīǃnâs (dome-shaped basket) after which they would boro themselves (smear red ochre on their faces) early in the morning. They would also sprinkle some sâ-i (buchu powder) on their hides and blankets with a ǃūro-ams (powder-puff made from a piece of hare fur used to pluck ǃūros (tortoise-shell container, carried by women for holding sâ-i) to power oneself.)
103:
131:
1223:
372:
566:
237:
554:
229:
29:
343:
ornaments, jewellery, knives and spear heads out of iron. The
Damaran - just like the Sān - believed in communal ownership of land, meaning that no individual owned land as God had given land to everyone. Thus, rather than one person owning good grazing land and another seeking out an existence, all would live in harmony. It was for this reason that many were displaced when the Nama and
199:
1206:ǁGamab is also the God of Death, directing the fate of mankind. He shoots arrows at humans from his place above the skies and those struck fall ill and die. After death, the souls of the dead make their way to ǁGamab's village in the heaven above stars and gather around him at a ritual fire. Then he offers them a drink from a bowl of liquid fat to drink, as a reward.
1440:
The
Damarokoes was adopted from missionary wives in the mid-19th century and was introduced due to the Christianisation of the Damaran as missionaries saw the animal hides as "primitive and exposing". The dress adopted to cover up the "nude" Damara women ensured just that with its ankle-lengthiness and long sleeves and a ǃkhens (shawl) to ensure maximum coverage.
903:) is also called !Aib as a result of its open flat terrain. They live in the open fields in and around but also to the south of ǀGaoǁnāǀaus commonly known as ǀAnes (Rehoboth), also in the hilly outcrops to the west and arid semi-desert regions of the Kalahari Basin to the east . ǃAinîn can also be spelled as
505:) and Parase!homgu (Paresis Mountains), and later-on moved back to area west of ǃHob (Waterberg). During the 1904 wars with the German colonial forces, some members of the ǀGaiodaman fled with the Ovaherero to Piriǃhūb (Botswana), whereas some settled at ǀŪgowas in the vicinity of ǃHob (Waterberg Mountain).
1443:
The Dama ǃkhaib (headgear) is a unique innovation of the Damara women as they shaped a headgear that can be fashionable yet work effective as they still could ǂkhao (carry/load something on head) water containers and firewood. It is not only the ǃkhaib that was fashionable and work effective but also
1287:
A girl in a Damara context is any female that has not yet undergone the menstrual cycle while a boy is any male that has not yet undergone the first hunting ritual. A girl stays in the house for the duration of her first menstrual cycle. A hunting ritual was performed in the Damara culture as Damara
1132:
The women do household chores like cooking, cleaning, and gardening. Their primary duty is milking the cows in the morning and nurturing the young. Men traditionally hunt and herd the cattle, leaving the village as early as the sunrise, patrolling their area to protect their cattle and grazing ground
432:
According to written accounts of the history of the
Damaran which dates back to the leadership of the Damaras as far back as the 14th century (1390), substantiated by archaeological and ethnological evidence reflected to those records, the Damaran next to the Sān, are the first inhabitants of what is
1439:
The replacement of animal hides with fabrics has also been visible in the Damara culture as the aforementioned outfits are mostly worn to cultural ceremonies and on auspicious occasions. Thus the
Damaran sought for a perfect substitution for animal hides and introduced the Damarokoes (Damara dress).
1430:
Man also wore arm bangles (ǃganugu) and ǃgoroǃkhuigu (anklets) which were unadorned in design and denser than those of women. A strand of beads that criss-crossed the chess known as a karab was also worn by men. Tsaob (ash) was used as an anti-perspiring agent by the
Damaran as they believe that it
479:
Remnants of the group that was led by Gaob ǀNarimab who dispersed moved eastwards and settled in the ǀGowas, also known as ǀŪmâs (Kalahari Desert) and got the name ǀGowanîn (Damaran of the
Kalahari- later referred to as the Sand Kaffers by the imperialist Germans). Another group fled to mountainous
475:
The
Damaran dispersed in splinter groups as a result of the aftermath of this battle wherein the then Damara Gaob (King), Gaob ǀNarimab succumbed due to injuries sustained in the battle. The Damara, besides the ǀGowanîn, splinter groups then settled all over the country in areas where there was an
1423:
known as a ǁnûib in
Khoekhoegowab. Women wore ǃganudi (arm bangles) and ǃgoroǃkhuidi (ornamental anklets) they also originally made from iron and or copper later replaced by beads and or ostrich egg shells. An anklet made from moth larvae (ǀkhîs) was also worn but only during performances/dances
1000:
to settle in that area. When in 1994 with the independence of South Africa a process of land restitution allowed the return of families and communities, some of the
Riemvasmakers returned but a residual group founded their own traditional authority. They are seeking recognition from the Namibian
925:
lit. Feared nation/ People living on the periphery- They are found in and around ǃGuidiǁgams (Omaruru). This clan originally lived in the Khomas
Hochland and were moved to ǃGuidiǁgams (Omaruru) thus were called ǃAobeǁaen (People living on the periphery i.e. people that are excluded) as they were
342:
Prior to 1870, the hunter-gatherer Damaran occupied most of central Namibia. They used to practice pastoralism with sheep and cattle, but were also agriculturalists, planting pumpkins, corn, and tobacco. The Damaran were also copper-smiths, known for their ability to melt copper and used to make
1283:
The Damara made use of animal hides for clothing. The principal animal hides that were used were those of springbok and goats for clothing and sheep and jackal for blankets. Damaran traditional attires differentiated between a girl, an unmarried or married woman and an elderly woman in the same
1031:
lit. ǃNara plant Damaras- It may be that the ǃNaranîn people mostly consumed the ǃNara plant or that the plants grew abundantly in their land. TheǃNaranîn live to the south-west of ǂGaios commonly known as ǃNaniǀaus (Sesfontein) in Gaogob (Kaokoveld). ǃNaranîn can also be spelled as
1303:
A man in the Damara context is any male that has undergone the first hunting ritual while a woman is any female that has experienced the menstrual cycle. The Damara culture would continue to differentiate between a married and unmarried man or woman. An unmarried man is called an
1343:
which is the skin of any smallish animal that the wife presents to her husband at their wedding to wear on his head. The men would wear the "head hide" to ceremonies and on auspicious occasions to show that he is the head of a household. The hide would preferably be of a
1444:
the sleeves as the sleeves have a protruding elbow design allowing the elbow to contract and release without constrains. The length of the dress is also fashionable and work effective as it is not too long so as to be caught by twigs, branches and or thorns.
1046:). The ǃNarenîn are named as such as a result of the cold temperatures experienced over this areas during the winter months. They have over the years intermingled with the Nama and are regarded as Namdaman. ǃNarenîn can also be spelled as ǃNareǁîn.
512:) and settled in that area, and installed Gaob !Gariseb as their leader. This group moved back northwards around 1670, and settled at ǂKhanubes, wherefrom they moved and split into two groups, one of which settled in the vicinity of ǂAixorobes (
1128:
Their traditional clothing colors are green, white, and blue. Green and blue identify the different sub-groups. Some women may wear white and blue or white and green, the white representing peace and unity among all Damara-speaking people.
480:
central Namibia seeking shelter in ǀKhomas (Khomas Hochland), ǃAoǁaexas Mountains, ǂĒros (Eros Mountains) and ǀAu-ās (Auas Mountains) and became known as the ǀKhomanin (Damaran of the mountains), later referred to as the Berg Damara.
1011:. The Khoekhoegowab name for the Kuiseb River is ǃKhuiseb. The ǃKhuisedaman live along the length of the ǃKhuiseb (Kuiseb River), they are also founded at the mouth of this river that later developed into a settlement ǃGommenǁgams (
49:
When English equivalents of Khoekhoe words are available, only the English should be used in this article if that word can be linked to an article which contains the Khoekhoe translation in the opening definition (see for example
850:
lit. Damaras of the Khomas Hochland- The Khoekhoegowab name for the Khomas Hochland is ǀKhomas. To the east of the mountains of ǀGaoǁnāǀaus commonly known as ǀAnes (Rehoboth) and in and around Kaisabes commonly known as ǀAeǁgams
524:
One group moved to the ǃHoaruseb River, and systematically down towards the Atlantic Ocean following the said river and settling on its banks, and they became known as the ǃNaranin and ǃHoarusedaman respectively.
1088:
lit. Damara living on the fringes. Between Gamaǂhâb (Kamanjab), Tsūob (Outjo) and Tsawiǀaus (Otavi). Primarily at Khōrixas (Khorixas) and to the east of ǂGaios commonly known as ǃNaniǀaus (Sesfontein) in Gaogob
1194:
is provider of the water and thus associated with the rising clouds, thunder, lightning and water. He ensured the annual renewal of nature being the cycle of the seasons and supplied game animals to the ǃgarob
1125:. However, groups of boys were initiated into manhood through an elaborate hunting ritual. This ritual is repeated twice, for teenagers and grown men, after which the initiates are considered clan elders.
1368:
would also be worn only to ceremonies and on auspicious occasions, but mostly during pregnancy and by elder women on a daily basis. The ǁkhaikhōb is the hide of a medium-sized antelope most preferably a
266:
1288:
males were not circumcised. The first hunting ritual was performed by boys in order to become man and the second by man to become community elders. All Damara children regardless of sex wore a
844:
tree endemic to the area. The Khoekhoegowab name for the "Kanniedood" tree is ǀHūs. They live in and around ǀGaoǁnāǀaus commonly known as ǀAnes (Rehoboth) also known as the !Ainîn| !Ainîdaman.
936:. The Khoekhoegowab name of the Orange River is ǃGarib. The ǃGarinîn are the southernmost Damara clan and live along the ǃGarib (Orange River). ǃGarinîn can also be spelled as ǃGariǁîn.
472:). Oral and written historical records have it that intruders, reportedly under the leadership of a certain Mukumbi (Mûtsixubi) invaded that area in 1600, and clashed with the Damaran.
1095:
lit. Damaras of the ǂGaob River- In and around the ǂGaob River, which runs parallel with the ǃKhuiseb (Khuseb River) to the left and branch out into the ǃKhuiseb (Kuiseb River).
1284:
manner that it differentiated between boys, unmarried and married men and men of age. Some outfits were reserved for special ceremonies in contrast to everyday garments.
347:
began to occupy this area in search of better grazing. Thereafter the Damara were dominated by the Namaqua and the Herero, most living as servants in their households.
1105:) and ǃGoregura-ābes commonly known as Khāxatsūs (Gibeon). This people have over the years intermingled with the local ǀKhowese (Witbooi) and surrounding Nama clans.
448:). The Damaran moved southwards and were living peacefully as a single group in the area that is a stone's throw and an eagle's flight in the surrounding of Dâureb (
1021:
lit. Damaras of the Namib Desert- The Khoekhoegowab name for the Namib Desert is ǃNamib. The ǃNamidaman lived primarily between ǃŪxab (Ugab River) and Huriǂnaub (
865:. The Khoekhoegowab name of the Hoanib River is ǁHoanib. The ǁHoanidaman live along the length of the ǁHoanib (Hoanib River) and are also known as the Hoanidaman.
1339:
which is a strip of soft leather worn between legs. Both ends are tucked under thong around waist and flapped over at front and the back. They would also wear a
676:
lit. Firefly Damaras- Named as such as a result of the Fireflies/ glow-worms of family lampyridae that illuminated the skies above the fountain of ǃGuidiǁgams (
1136:
Though many Damara people own and live on rural farms, the majority live in the small towns scattered across the Erongo region or in Namibia's capital city of
1079:
457:
2009:
791:
453:
1732:
1053:
469:
1549:
Oliveira, Sandra (2018). "Matriclans shape populations: insights from the Angolan Namib Desert into the maternal genetic history of southern Africa".
743:
465:
1673:
1488:
1447:
Damara men on the other hand were shirts, coats and or blazers with Damara colours being blue, white and green, sometimes with print or embroidery.
433:
today known as Namibia. Oral tradition has it that the Damaran came to Namibia from ǁKhaus (Equatorial Rainforest) through ǃĀǂkhib centuries ago.
889:
lit. Damaras of the Huab River- The Khoekhoegowab name of the Huab River is ǁHûab. The ǁHûadaman live along the length of the ǁHûab (Huab River).
1908:
1140:. Those that still live on farms tend to live in extended family groups of as many as one hundred, creating small villages of family members.
517:
301:) and the majority live in the northwestern regions of Namibia, however they are also found widely across the rest of the country.
1133:
as tradition dictates. Men can be very aggressive towards intruders if not notified of any other male presence in a grazing area.
1061:
1612:
784:) sand sea. Their name is derived from their ability to survive in such an environment. ǀGainîn can also be spelled as ǀGaiǁîn.
1725:
883:). They are called ǁHuruben because they speakn a distinct dialect of Khoekhoegowab that sounds more like "grumbling/mumbling."
1641:
1118:, over the whole Damara people. Prince ǀHaihāb, Chief Xamseb, and ǁGuruseb were among the richest and most powerful chiefs.
746:- The Khoekhoegowab name for the Hakos Mountain is Hâkos. In the Hâko Mountains between Aous and ǂGans (Gamsberg Mountains).
946:, South – Eastern Namibian Border. The ǃHâuǁnain are also known as ǃHâuǃgaen (Riemvasmakers). In the early 1930s people of
895:
lit. Damaras of the plains. ǃAib in Khoekhoegowab means the savannah alias open fields or plains and the !Ainîdaman alias
573:
545:
The remainder of clans not mentioned above came into existence as a result of fractions in they already mentioned clans.
220:
2035:
1718:
1296:(have earring holes made) after which black thread would be inserted until such a time they will first start wearing
1270:
419:
76:
1252:
736:- Dâureb is Khoekhoegowab for Brandberg. In the vicinity of Dâureb (Brandberg) and are also known as the Dâunadaman.
401:
1400:, is a female or a lady (khaokhoes) that has concluded her menstrual cycle. All elderly men and women would wear a
2004:
1248:
1244:
808:): Inhabited the entire ǀGowas also known as ǀŪmâs (Kalahari Desert) from ǀGaoǁnāǀaus commonly known as ǀAnes (
645:
At least 12 Damara clans were recorded by the beginning of 1800 with various identities and leadership styles.
397:
393:
58:
706:
lit. Named after a medicinal plant endemic to the Auos Mountains- Down the Auob River around ǃAris (Steenbok).
216:
541:), and Aroǃhūb area, and they were later joined by the ǂAodaman who moved thereto from the Paresis Mountains.
1703:
1404:, which is a skirt-like loin-cloth or traditional skirt for men and women. Elderly women would also wear a
483:
The group that remained in and around ǃOeǂgâb (Erongo Mountains) and settled nearby present-day ǀÂǂgommes (
1677:
1994:
1587:
798:) beyond of ǃHōb also known as Apabeb (Waterberg). They lived along the river ǁKūob (Omuramba Omatako).
770:
valley- Tsoaxaub is Khoekhoegowab for Swakop River. The Tsoaxudaman are also known as the Tsoaxaudaman.
312:
people, consistent with an origin from Bantu speakers who shifted to a different language and culture.
44:
358:, an area of poor soil and irregular rainfall. About half of their numbers still occupy Damaraland.
277:, referring to their extended stay in hilly and mountainous sites, also called at various times the
1233:
382:
534:
The third faction moved towards the Dâureb (Brandberg) and got the name Dâuredaman and ǃNamidaman.
240:
Damara women in ankle length Victorian style Damara Dresses adopted from the wives of missionaries
1741:
1237:
1082:). The ǃOmmen were previously ǀGowanîn and were the original inhabitants of ǀÂǂgommes (Okombahe).
386:
17:
1396:, is any Damara male that has undergone the second and last hunting ritual. An elderly woman, a
1143:
The Damara are rich in cattle and sheep. Some chiefs possess up to 8,000 head of horned cattle.
700:
lit. Bitter words and blessings- To the north and east of ǃHōb also known as Apabeb (Waterberg).
2030:
726:). The Danidaman have intermingled with the Haiǁom and ǀNawen (Aawambo) who arrived much later.
687:
652:
lit. Let them say/ the birds say- In the vicinity of ǃNoagutsaub, commonly known as Kaiǁkhaes (
1052:
lit. People who take shelter with sunset/ Mountain with curved slopes- In and around ǃOeǂgâb (
974:
government to make place for a military testing site. The Damara group was sent to Khōrixas (
1463:
1489:"Genetic structure and sex-biased gene flow in the history of southern African populations"
757:
1292:, an apron like loin-cloth that covers genitalia. Girls would at a tender age undergo the
615:
Gaob Abraham ǁGuruseb (1865– 1880)- ǂGans (Gamsberg) and (1866–1880)- ǀÂǂgommes (Okombahe)
8:
1316:
which is a loin-cloth that is tucked in between the legs while an unmarried woman wore a
1115:
997:
628:
1700:
Hunters and Herders of Southern Africa: A Comparative Ethnography of the Khoisan Peoples
1613:"Damara Culture | Namibia Africa | Traditions, Heritage, Society & People"
1203:) and the Damaran. One of his chief responsibilities is to warrant the growth of crops.
855:). ǀKhomanîn can also be spelled as ǀKhomaǁîn, in 1854 were more than 40,000 in number.
662:
lit. Tiger eye stones/ Sheep rams- To the south of ǂGaios commonly known as ǃNaniǀaus (
1526:
733:
577:
449:
1749:
1616:
1566:
1531:
1517:
1424:
along with a tussled apron known as a ǀhapis (for females) and or ǀhapib (for males)
1420:
1419:(small traditional earrings made from iron and or copper) and wear necklaces made of
1196:
1187:
1179:
1168:
986:
809:
461:
294:
210:
148:
39:
1999:
1558:
1521:
1513:
1503:
677:
597:
Gaob ǁAruseb (1640–1665)- ǂKhanubes (Okanjande) in the vicinity of ǃHob (Waterberg)
1178:
He lives in a high heaven, even above the heaven of the stars. ǁGamab, from ǁGam,
970:. In the early 1970s the ǃHâuǁnain were deported to their ethnic homelands by the
527:
The other group moved to the ǁHuanib River, and inhabited the area of ǃNani|audi (
516:) and the other one led by Gaob ǀNarirab settled at |Haigomab!gaus, south-east of
1981:
1958:
1845:
1651:
959:
805:
444:), before entering what later-on centuries long after became known as ǀNaweǃhūb (
270:
206:
1789:
331:
meaning "people" (found in the names of other Southern African peoples like the
1971:
1939:
1374:
508:
The major group of Damaras fled down towards the south, as far as the ǃGarib (
2024:
1944:
1934:
1870:
1850:
1840:
1827:
1818:
1799:
1771:
1071:
1070:
lit. Muscular people- At ǃHōb also known as Apabeb (Waterberg), along ǂĒseb (
963:
951:
900:
872:
691:
603:
Gaob ǃGariseb (1715–1740)- Guxanus (near Waterberg) and ǂKhanubes (Okanjande)
502:
441:
344:
336:
309:
253:
1835:
1710:
1646:
1570:
1535:
1349:
1122:
1043:
1022:
1008:
994:
947:
943:
933:
862:
834:) and ǃKhōb (Witrand- limestone terrace near Mukorob) in southern Namibia.
767:
538:
509:
495:
491:
437:
305:
304:
Genetic studies have found that Damara are closely related to neighbouring
286:
187:
183:
179:
1929:
1898:
1766:
967:
955:
332:
298:
175:
1114:
The Damara are divided into clans, each headed by a chief, with a King,
686:
lit. Damaras of the Sandveldt- In and around ǃHōb also known as Apabeb (
102:
1893:
1888:
1781:
1562:
1508:
1012:
979:
880:
876:
841:
663:
557:
His Royal Highness King of the Damara Nation Gaob Justus ǀUruhe ǁGaroëb
528:
501:
Another group, the |Gaiodaman, moved towards the area of ǃKhuidiǁgams (
445:
355:
712:
lit. Damaras of Aurib- Aurib is an arid land to the east of Gamaǂhâb (
1989:
1883:
1102:
982:
971:
830:. The ǀHaiǀgâsedaman live in and around ǀHaiǀgâseb (Vaalgras), Tsēs (
813:
667:
653:
351:
51:
1794:
1588:"African Death God. Supreme God of Life, Death and Seasonal Renewal"
1222:
790:
lit. Damaras that consume the wild cucumber- In the vicinity of the
371:
1903:
1804:
1758:
1389:) that is worn to cover breast and the abdomen (during pregnancy).
1137:
1075:
1039:
975:
852:
827:
777:
713:
487:) got to be known as the ǃOeǂgân (Damaran of the Erongo Mountain).
484:
990:
871:
lit. The people that grumble/mumble- Live in and around ǀUiǁaes (
817:
753:
350:
In 1960, the South African government forced the Damara into the
290:
236:
136:
1966:
1878:
1386:
1057:
513:
553:
490:
There were also two other groups that moved down the Tsoaxub (
1860:
795:
781:
723:
498:) respectively, namely the Tsoaxudaman and the ǃKhuisedaman.
228:
16:
This article is about the Damara people. For other uses, see
899:
were named after those environs. Note, the greater Haradab (
520:. The latter-mentioned group split up in four (4) factions:
831:
1855:
618:
Gaob Cornelius Goreseb (1880– 1910)- ǀÂǂgommes (Okombahe)
1327:
A married man that has a child or children is called an
776:
lit. The tough people – Between ǁGōbamǃnâs (Bullspoort/
612:
Kai Gaob ǃGausib ǁGuruseb (1812- 1865)- ǂGans (Gamsberg)
1360:(loincloth consisting of strips) instead of a regular
1001:
government to be recognised as a separate Damara clan.
476:
abundant water and shelter in the form of mountains.
1415:
Women being more aware of beautification would wear
1464:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
1434:
606:Gaob ǀNawabeb (1740- 1790)- ǂKhanubes (Okanjande)
600:Gaob ǀNarimab (1665–1715)- Gamaǂhiras (Otjimbamba)
690:). The Arodaman later shared their land with the
436:The Damaran initially settled between Huriǂnaub (
2022:
1151:The supreme deity of the Damaran (ǂNūkhoen) is
670:). The Aoguwun are also known as the Aogūdaman.
327:stems from the addition of the Khoekhoe suffix
1605:
1352:). Married women just like girls would wear a
1212:
1101:Insolent or audacious people: Between ǂĀǂams (
816:) and ǀGowabes commonly known as ǂKhoandawes (
323:is just the Khoekhoe plural ending). The name
1726:
1635:
1633:
722:lit Honey Damaras- To the east of Tsawiǀaus (
537:The last faction moved towards Anibira-āhes (
1740:
820:). ǀGowanîn can also be spelled as ǀGowaǁîn.
609:Gaob Xamseb (1790–1812)- ǀAeǁgams (Windhoek)
1331:, while a married woman with children is a
1251:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
400:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1733:
1719:
1630:
531:), and was called by the name ǁHuanidaman.
101:
1639:
1551:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1525:
1507:
1496:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1271:Learn how and when to remove this message
1209:ǁGamab's arch-enemy is the evil ǁGaunab.
907:. This community also went with the name
752:lit. Great Rivals- North of ǃAutsawises (
420:Learn how and when to remove this message
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
1548:
552:
315:Their name in their own language is the
235:
227:
1615:. Namibiatourism.com.na. Archived from
1582:
1580:
1542:
1312:. An unmarried man would simply wear a
1038:lit. Freezing Damaras- Between ǃHanās (
221:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
165:Both African religions and Christianity
2023:
1640:Miyanicwe, Clemans (22 October 2014).
942:lit. Riem belt: Around the Orange and
1714:
1486:
232:Damara man wearing a ǃgūb (loincloth)
1676:. www.stevenson.info. Archived from
1577:
1480:
1249:adding citations to reliable sources
1216:
560:
398:adding citations to reliable sources
365:
123:Regions with significant populations
107:Damara people in Damaraland, Namibia
22:
1666:
1592:Godchecker – Your Guide to the Gods
1412:(headgear fashioned of soft hide).
694:(Kavazembi) who arrived much later.
13:
1431:is the purest substance on Earth.
1356:(rear loincloth) and would wear a
1025:), they are also called Namidaman.
993:). They were given land by Damara
14:
2047:
1642:"Riemvasmakers seek recognition"
1221:
966:and named their main settlement
642:The Damara consist of 34 clans:
564:
370:
197:
129:
27:
1674:"Jo Ractliffe. The Borderlands"
1435:Contemporary traditional attire
1692:
1456:
624:Gaob David Goreseb (1953–1976)
621:Gaob Judas Goreseb (1910–1953)
1:
1450:
756:) on both banks of the ǁAub (
926:moved without their consent.
780:) and the southern ǃNamib (
7:
1702:Cambridge University Press
1213:Historic traditional attire
1146:
804:lit. Damaras of the dunes (
293:population. They speak the
47:. The specific problem is:
10:
2052:
1335:. Such a man would wear a
1109:
361:
15:
1980:
1957:
1917:
1869:
1826:
1817:
1780:
1757:
1748:
1518:21.11116/0000-0002-10F5-7
1320:to cover genitalia and a
1167:(Khoekhoe) and Haukhoin (
1074:) and between ǀÂǂgommes (
174:
169:
164:
159:
147:
142:
127:
122:
117:
112:
100:
2036:Ethnic groups in Namibia
1742:Ethnic groups in Namibia
1487:Bajic, Vladimir (2018).
909:ǀHūǃgaoben| ǀHūǃgaodaman
637:
548:
1200:
1191:
1183:
1172:
840:: lit. Named after the
18:Damara (disambiguation)
1155:, also referred to as
1121:Damara males were not
962:origin settled in the
558:
274:
241:
233:
205:This article contains
1698:Barnard, Alan (1992)
1159:(provider of water),
629:Justus ǀUruhe ǁGaroëb
556:
239:
231:
170:Related ethnic groups
89:Namibian ethnic group
1324:to cover the rears.
1308:while a woman is an
1245:improve this section
1007:lit. Damaras of the
932:lit. Damaras of the
861:lit. Damaras of the
766:lit. Damaras of the
742:lit. Damaras of the
732:lit. Damaras of the
578:adding missing items
394:improve this section
289:who make up 8.5% of
59:improve this article
43:to meet Knowledge's
1175:) by the Khoekhoe.
1078:) and ǃOmmenǃgaus (
97:
1680:on 26 October 2014
1654:on 22 October 2014
1563:10.1002/ajpa.23378
1509:10.1002/ajpa.23694
1421:ostrich egg shells
875:), between ǁHûab (
576:; you can help by
559:
450:Brandberg Mountain
242:
234:
95:
2018:
2017:
1953:
1952:
1813:
1812:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1042:) and ǂNūǂgoaes (
987:South-West Africa
792:Paresis Mountains
720:Danidaman: :
594:
593:
462:Omatako Mountains
454:Paresis Mountains
430:
429:
422:
295:Khoekhoe language
217:rendering support
211:Khoekhoe language
193:
192:
87:
86:
79:
45:quality standards
36:This article may
2043:
1824:
1823:
1755:
1754:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1650:. Archived from
1637:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1529:
1511:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1460:
1408:and sometimes a
1392:An elderly man,
1276:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1225:
1217:
1054:Erongo Mountains
826:lit. Damaras of
589:
586:
568:
567:
561:
494:) and ǃKhuiseb (
470:Erongo Mountains
425:
418:
414:
411:
405:
374:
366:
269:
201:
200:
135:
133:
132:
113:Total population
105:
98:
94:
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
31:
30:
23:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
1976:
1949:
1913:
1865:
1809:
1776:
1744:
1739:
1709:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1638:
1631:
1622:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1547:
1543:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1437:
1277:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1242:
1226:
1215:
1149:
1112:
824:ǀHaiǀgâsedaman:
812:), ǃHoaxaǃnâs (
806:Kalahari Desert
744:Hakos Mountains
640:
590:
584:
581:
565:
551:
466:Otavi Mountains
426:
415:
409:
406:
391:
375:
364:
265:
226:
225:
224:
215:Without proper
202:
198:
130:
128:
108:
93:
90:
83:
72:
66:
63:
56:
32:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2049:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1972:Cape Coloureds
1969:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1715:
1708:
1707:
1691:
1665:
1629:
1604:
1576:
1557:(3): 518–535.
1541:
1502:(3): 656–671.
1479:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1436:
1433:
1375:Damara dik-dik
1279:
1278:
1229:
1227:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1148:
1145:
1116:Justus ǁGaroëb
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1096:
1090:
1083:
1065:
1060:) and ǃAmaib (
1056:), ǃŪsaǃkhōs (
1047:
1033:
1026:
1016:
1002:
998:Justus ǁGaroëb
937:
927:
920:
890:
884:
879:) and ǃŪǂgâb (
866:
856:
845:
835:
821:
799:
794:. From Tsūob (
785:
771:
761:
747:
737:
727:
717:
707:
701:
695:
681:
671:
657:
639:
636:
635:
634:
632:
631:(1977–present)
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
592:
591:
571:
569:
550:
547:
543:
542:
535:
532:
525:
440:) and ǃGûǁōb (
428:
427:
378:
376:
369:
363:
360:
219:, you may see
203:
196:
195:
194:
191:
190:
172:
171:
167:
166:
162:
161:
157:
156:
145:
144:
140:
139:
125:
124:
120:
119:
118:182,487 (2017)
115:
114:
110:
109:
106:
91:
88:
85:
84:
35:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2048:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:Damara people
2029:
2028:
2026:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Bantu peoples
1816:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1636:
1634:
1619:on 2014-02-23
1618:
1614:
1608:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1275:
1272:
1264:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1230:This section
1228:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:Omaruru River
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:ǃKhuisedaman:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
988:
984:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
964:Northern Cape
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
944:Molopo Rivers
941:
938:
935:
931:
928:
924:
921:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:Hardap region
898:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
878:
874:
873:Twyfelfontein
870:
867:
864:
860:
857:
854:
849:
846:
843:
839:
836:
833:
829:
825:
822:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:
797:
793:
789:
786:
783:
779:
775:
772:
769:
765:
762:
759:
755:
751:
748:
745:
741:
738:
735:
731:
728:
725:
721:
718:
715:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
689:
685:
682:
679:
675:
672:
669:
666:) in Gaogob (
665:
661:
658:
655:
651:
648:
647:
646:
643:
633:
630:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
595:
588:
585:February 2016
579:
575:
572:This list is
570:
563:
562:
555:
546:
540:
536:
533:
530:
526:
523:
522:
521:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
493:
488:
486:
481:
477:
473:
471:
468:and ǃOeǂgâb (
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:Kavango River
439:
434:
424:
421:
413:
410:February 2016
403:
399:
395:
389:
388:
384:
379:This section
377:
373:
368:
367:
359:
357:
353:
348:
346:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
259:
255:
254:Khoekhoegowab
251:
247:
238:
230:
222:
218:
214:
212:
208:
207:click symbols
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
163:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
138:
126:
121:
116:
111:
104:
99:
81:
78:
70:
60:
55:
53:
46:
42:
41:
34:
25:
24:
19:
1924:
1909:Uukolonkadhi
1699:
1694:
1682:. Retrieved
1678:the original
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:the original
1647:The Namibian
1645:
1621:. Retrieved
1617:the original
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1499:
1495:
1482:
1471:. Retrieved
1467:
1458:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1350:common genet
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:(earrings).
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1267:
1258:
1243:Please help
1231:
1208:
1205:
1177:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1098:
1092:
1089:(Kaokoveld).
1085:
1067:
1049:
1044:Keetmanshoop
1035:
1028:
1023:Kunene River
1018:
1009:Kuiseb River
1004:
939:
934:Orange River
929:
922:
916:
912:
911:archaically
908:
904:
896:
892:
886:
868:
863:Hoanib River
859:ǁHoanidaman:
858:
847:
837:
823:
801:
787:
773:
768:Swakop River
764:Tsoaxudaman:
763:
749:
739:
729:
719:
709:
703:
697:
683:
673:
659:
649:
644:
641:
582:
544:
539:Fransfontein
510:Orange River
507:
500:
496:Kuiseb River
492:Swakop River
489:
482:
478:
474:
438:Kunene River
435:
431:
416:
407:
392:Please help
380:
349:
341:
328:
324:
320:
316:
314:
303:
287:ethnic group
282:
278:
262:Black people
261:
257:
249:
245:
243:
204:
152:
92:Ethnic group
73:
64:
57:Please help
48:
37:
1899:Uukwaluudhi
1597:25 February
1468:www.cia.gov
1261:August 2016
1123:circumcised
1080:Wilhelmstal
1019:ǃNamidaman:
968:Riemvasmaak
893:ǃAinîdaman:
730:Dâuredaman:
680:) at night.
329:"-qua/khwa"
319:(where the
299:Nama people
61:if you can.
2025:Categories
2010:Portuguese
1930:Caprivians
1894:Oukwanyama
1889:Ongandjera
1750:Indigenous
1704:pp 210–211
1684:22 October
1658:22 October
1623:2013-09-02
1473:2018-06-02
1451:References
1186:, and mā,
1173:foreigners
1093:ǂGaodaman:
1013:Walvis Bay
980:Damaraland
950:, Damara,
940:ǃHâuǁnain:
923:ǃAobeǁaen:
917:ǀAnesdaman
913:ǂGāsedaman
887:ǁHûadaman:
881:Ugab River
877:Huab River
848:ǀKhomanîn:
842:Kanniedood
838:ǀHūǃgaoben
788:ǀGaioaman:
758:Fish River
750:Kaikhāben:
740:Hâkodaman:
710:Auridaman:
664:Sesfontein
574:incomplete
529:Sesfontein
446:Ovamboland
356:Damaraland
297:(like the
275:Bergdamara
67:March 2019
1990:Afrikaner
1959:Coloureds
1884:Ombalantu
1410:khōǃkhaib
1406:ǁkhaikhōb
1366:ǁkhaikhōb
1358:ǀawiǃgaes
1294:ǂgaeǂnoas
1232:does not
1103:Stampriet
1086:ǂAodaman:
1036:ǃNarenîn:
1032:ǃNaraǁîn.
1029:ǃNaranîn:
983:bantustan
978:) in the
972:apartheid
930:ǃGarinîn:
869:ǁHuruben:
814:Hoachanas
802:ǀGowanîn:
734:Brandberg
704:Auodaman:
688:Waterberg
684:Arodaman:
674:Aopeǁaen:
668:Kaokoveld
654:Okahandja
458:Waterberg
381:does not
352:bantustan
325:"Damaqua"
291:Namibia's
285:) are an
267:‹See Tfd›
209:from the
143:Languages
52:Hoachanas
1940:Kavangos
1904:Uukwambi
1846:Mbanderu
1805:Ncoakhoe
1759:Khoekhoe
1571:29313877
1536:30192370
1398:kaikhoes
1394:kaikhoeb
1341:danakhōb
1197:Khoekhoe
1188:Khoekhoe
1180:Khoekhoe
1169:Khoekhoe
1147:Religion
1138:Windhoek
1076:Okombahe
1050:ǃOeǂgân:
1040:Kalkrand
976:Khorixas
960:Coloured
853:Windhoek
828:Vaalgras
810:Rehoboth
778:Naukluft
774:ǀGainîn:
714:Kamanjab
660:Aoguwun:
518:Otjituuo
485:Okombahe
456:, ǃHōb (
335:and the
258:ǂNūkhoen
160:Religion
149:Khoekhoe
38:require
1995:British
1527:6667921
1377:) or a
1354:ǀgâubes
1322:ǀgâubes
1306:axa-aob
1253:removed
1238:sources
1165:ǁGaunab
1163:(Sān),
1157:ǁGammāb
1110:Culture
1099:ǂGawan:
1068:ǃOmmen:
991:Namibia
989:(today
818:Gobabis
754:Berseba
678:Omaruru
650:Animîn:
503:Omaruru
460:), the
402:removed
387:sources
362:History
333:Namaqua
317:"Daman"
283:Damaqua
281:or the
250:Damaran
248:plural
246:Damara,
151:(coll.
137:Namibia
40:cleanup
2005:Jewish
2000:German
1982:Whites
1967:Baster
1945:Tswana
1935:Mbadja
1925:Damara
1879:Ndonga
1871:Ovambo
1851:Tjimba
1841:Herero
1828:Herero
1795:Haiǁom
1772:Oorlam
1569:
1534:
1524:
1417:ǃgamdi
1387:Duiker
1371:ǀhauib
1346:ǃnoreb
1314:ǁnaweb
1310:oaxaes
1298:ǃgamdi
1161:ǁGauna
1153:ǁGamab
1058:Usakos
958:, and
952:Herero
905:!Aiǁîn
897:!Ainîn
698:Aumîn:
692:Herero
514:Tsumeb
345:Herero
337:Griqua
310:Herero
271:German
153:Damara
134:
96:Damara
1918:Other
1861:Zemba
1836:Himba
1790:!Kung
1492:(PDF)
1383:ǀnâus
1362:ǃgaes
1337:sorab
1333:taras
1318:ǃgaes
1290:ǃgaes
1184:water
1062:Ameib
995:Chief
948:Xhosa
796:Outjo
782:Namib
724:Otavi
638:Clans
627:Gaob
549:Kings
306:Himba
279:Daman
188:Cimba
184:Kwadi
180:Kwisi
1800:Kxoe
1767:Nama
1686:2014
1660:2014
1599:2016
1567:PMID
1532:PMID
1402:ǃgūb
1379:dôas
1364:. A
1236:any
1234:cite
1201:veld
1192:give
956:Nama
832:Tses
385:any
383:cite
321:"-n"
308:and
244:The
176:Nama
1856:Twa
1782:San
1559:doi
1555:165
1522:PMC
1514:hdl
1504:doi
1500:167
1373:(a
1348:(a
1329:aob
1247:by
985:in
915:or
580:.
452:),
396:by
354:of
339:).
2027::
1644:.
1632:^
1590:.
1579:^
1565:.
1553:.
1530:.
1520:.
1512:.
1498:.
1494:.
1466:.
1381:,
1199::
1190::
1182::
1171::
1064:).
1015:).
954:,
760:).
716:).
656:).
464:,
273::
264:,
260:,
256::
186:,
182:,
178:,
54:).
1734:e
1727:t
1720:v
1688:.
1662:.
1626:.
1601:.
1573:.
1561::
1538:.
1516::
1506::
1476:.
1385:(
1274:)
1268:(
1263:)
1259:(
1255:.
1241:.
1195:(
919:.
851:(
587:)
583:(
423:)
417:(
412:)
408:(
404:.
390:.
252:(
223:.
213:.
155:)
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
