38:
547:, and wrote djbdns as a DNS package with security as a primary goal. Bernstein offers "security guarantees" for qmail and djbdns in the form of monetary rewards for the identification of flaws. A purported exploit targeting qmail running on
643:: a proposal," which suggested that, if physical hardware implementations could be brought close to their theoretical efficiency, the then-popular estimates of adequate security parameters might be off by a factor of three. Since 512-bit
551:
was published in 2005, but
Bernstein believes that the exploit does not fall within the parameters of his qmail security guarantee. In March 2009, Bernstein awarded $ 1000 to Matthew Dempsky for finding a security flaw in
1887:
1975:
659:, Jim Tomlinson, and Eran Tromer) disagreed strongly with Bernstein's conclusions. Bernstein has received funding to investigate whether this potential can be realized.
1955:
1920:
647:
was breakable at the time, so might be 1536-bit RSA. Bernstein was careful not to make any actual predictions, and emphasized the importance of correctly interpreting
733:
In April 2017, Bernstein and others published a paper on Post-Quantum RSA that includes an integer factorization algorithm claimed to be "often much faster than
726:
called SPHINCS. In July 2022, SPHINCS+, a signature scheme adapted from SPHINCS by
Bernstein and others, was one of four algorithms selected as winners of the
1884:
398:
1103:
1940:
1764:
322:
330:
1965:
727:
414:
268:
1325:
1985:
1950:
1945:
1300:
300:
1970:
1602:
1935:
1512:
1485:
1450:
1078:
1960:
1399:
890:
1576:
325:, which contributed to regulatory changes reducing controls on encryption. Bernstein was originally represented by the
280:
264:
244:
160:
86:
311:
until recategorization in 1996, with further relaxation in the late 1990s. In 1995, Bernstein brought the court case
240:
156:
20:
1783:
599:
1980:
996:
1879:
864:
1930:
1193:
770:
413:
algorithm. These events raised suspicions of the elliptic curve parameters proposed by NSA and standardized by
326:
1398:; Carlos Cid; Henri Gilbert; Thomas Johansson; Matthew Parker; Bart Preneel; Vincent Rijmen; Matthew Robshaw.
1900:
1149:
971:
791:
591:
436:, which is widely used for Internet security. Many protocols based on his works have been adopted by various
1839:
579:. It uses the existing DNS hierarchy to propagate trust by embedding public keys into specially formatted,
468:
1650:
785:
709:
568:
429:
357:
243:. Before this, he was a visiting professor in the department of mathematics and computer science at the
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313:
292:
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720:
606:
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494:
433:
402:
61:
1218:
723:
457:
364:
1925:
944:
917:
670:
580:
437:
232:
164:
1502:
1475:
1275:
753:
in published software. The 25 students discovered 44 vulnerabilities, and the class published
1237:
701:
690:
640:
1628:
1915:
746:
667:
595:
464:
406:
272:
256:
512:
Starting in the mid-1990s, Bernstein wrote a number of security-aware programs, including
463:
In spring 2005, Bernstein taught a course on "high speed cryptography." He introduced new
8:
1053:
734:
663:
648:
276:
90:
1373:
1217:
A. Langley; W. Chang; N. Mavrogiannopoulos; J. Strombergson; S. Josefsson (2015-12-16).
1456:
952:
925:
587:
564:
540:
236:
228:
224:
1606:
1393:
1508:
1481:
1446:
1216:
1029:
388:
375:. The algorithms made their way into popular software. For example, since 2014, when
146:
1460:
441:
1438:
682:
548:
318:
171:
1733:
1891:
1529:
1432:
947:; L. C. Larson (Oct 1989). "The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition".
920:; L. C. Larson (Oct 1988). "The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition".
780:
644:
572:
284:
176:
1406:
1223:
686:
613:
487:
395:
1442:
590:, an alternative system for electronic mail, which he intended to replace the
1909:
1807:
1395:
1033:
1021:
942:
915:
652:
475:
418:
345:
263:, graduating in 1987 at the age of 15. The same year, he ranked fifth in the
216:
1896:
1782:
Computer
Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory (2017-01-03).
1580:
1194:"The NSA Is Breaking Most Encryption on the Internet - Schneier on Security"
694:
678:
410:
220:
141:
1716:
1104:"OpenBSD Moving Towards Signed Packages — Based On D. J. Bernstein Crypto"
417:. Many researchers feared that the NSA had chosen curves that gave them a
1169:
629:
625:
529:
260:
137:
1673:
719:
In
February 2015, Bernstein and others published a paper on a stateless
956:
929:
730:
competition. It was the only hash-based algorithm of the four winners.
705:
656:
360:
120:
16:
American mathematician, cryptologist and computer scientist (born 1971)
1765:"NIST Announces First Four Quantum-Resistant Cryptographic Algorithms"
815:
1431:
Bernstein, Daniel J.; Buchmann, Johannes; Dahmen, Erik, eds. (2009).
633:
525:
445:
72:
37:
1784:"Selected Algorithms 2022 - Post-Quantum Cryptography | CSRC | CSRC"
1301:"OpenSSH Has a New Cipher — Chacha20-poly1305 — from D.J. Bernstein"
1219:"ChaCha20-Poly1305 Cipher Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)"
843:
1304:
1250:
1107:
1082:
766:
571:
with the goal of providing a vast increase in performance over the
560:
426:
353:
308:
304:
116:
112:
1129:"SafeCurves: choosing safe curves for elliptic-curve cryptography"
267:. In 1987 (at the age of 16), he achieved a Top 10 ranking in the
1734:
Arjen K. Lenstra; Adi Shamir; Jim
Tomlinson; Eran Tromer (2002).
1347:
1323:
997:"EFF at 25: Remembering the Case that Established Code as Speech"
775:
483:
479:
453:
384:
380:
376:
368:
349:
342:
108:
76:
352:
for review and possible standardization. He later published the
275:
the following year. Bernstein earned a B.A. in mathematics from
1874:
1642:
1128:
576:
553:
521:
422:
104:
713:
517:
513:
449:
372:
100:
1867:
1752:
1701:
191:
1299:
Murenin, Constantine A. (2013-12-11). Unknown Lamer (ed.).
1280:
Super User's BSD Cross
Reference: PROTOCOL.chacha20poly1305
693:). Both have been used effectively in the search for large
544:
1781:
1603:"djbdns<=1.05 lets AXFRed subdomains overwrite domains"
482:" was selected as a member of the final portfolio of the
1976:
Academic staff of the
Eindhoven University of Technology
1577:"My Take on Georgi Guninski's qmail Security Advisories"
1430:
1102:
Murenin, Constantine A. (2014-01-19). Soulskill (ed.).
1077:
Murenin, Constantine A. (2014-04-30). Soulskill (ed.).
651:
expressions. Several prominent researchers (among them
781:
NaCl (Software), a
Networking and Cryptography library
493:
In 2011, Bernstein published RFSB, a variant of the
317:. The ruling in the case declared that software was
1714:
1600:
1371:
356:variant of Salsa in 2008. In 2005, he proposed the
1885:Faculty page at Eindhoven University of Technology
1574:
367:schemes. He worked as the lead researcher on the
1956:UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
1921:Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences alumni
1150:"[tor-talk] NIST approved crypto in Tor?"
1127:Bernstein, Daniel J.; Lange, Tanja (2017-01-22).
662:Bernstein is also the author of the mathematical
271:, and was a member of the second-place team from
1907:
1840:"Students uncover dozens of Unix software flaws"
1717:"Circuits for integer factorization: a proposal"
1210:
1736:"Analysis of Bernstein's Factorization Circuit"
1626:
1552:
1348:"MCS 590, High-Speed Cryptography, Spring 2005"
1345:
1054:"Plaintiff's Notice Of Substitution of Counsel"
19:For the American businessman and activist, see
1688:"Hash function constants selection discussion"
1126:
951:. Vol. 96, no. 8. pp. 688–695.
924:. Vol. 95, no. 8. pp. 717–727.
728:NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization
712:; it is employed in Ed25519 implementation of
624:Bernstein has published a number of papers on
269:William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition
1555:"Georgi Guninski security advisory #74, 2005"
301:export of cryptography from the United States
290:
1480:. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". pp. 172–173.
1248:
1079:"OpenSSH No Longer Has To Depend On OpenSSL"
639:In 2001, Bernstein circulated "Circuits for
1880:Daniel Bernstein on the Faculty Page at UIC
749:where he assigned each student to find ten
279:(1991) and a Ph.D. in mathematics from the
994:
972:"Crypto Law Survey - Overview per country"
500:He is one of the editors of the 2009 book
36:
700:In 2007, Bernstein proposed the use of a
425:selected ChaCha20 along with Bernstein's
1941:American people of German-Jewish descent
891:"TWO GIRLS WIN WESTINGHOUSE COMPETITION"
215:; born October 29, 1971) is an American
1394:Steve Babbage; Christophe De Canniere;
1324:Roger Dingledine & Nick Mathewson.
1298:
1147:
1101:
1076:
1019:
383:they power most of its operations, and
1966:University of Illinois Chicago faculty
1908:
1507:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 769.
1437:. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
1326:"Tor's Protocol Specifications - Blog"
1273:
1148:Maxwell, Gregory (September 8, 2013).
745:In 2004, Bernstein taught a course on
1837:
1833:
1831:
1500:
1473:
969:
813:
677:, an asymptotically fast small prime
1986:People from East Patchogue, New York
1951:21st-century American mathematicians
1946:20th-century American mathematicians
1653:from the original on 25 January 2023
1530:"Lighten Your DNS Load with TinyDNS"
809:
807:
559:In August 2008, Bernstein announced
1971:American computer science educators
567:. DNSCurve applies techniques from
13:
1828:
1715:Daniel J. Bernstein (2001-11-09).
1601:Daniel J. Bernstein (2009-03-04).
1527:
1372:Daniel J. Bernstein (2004-04-17).
281:University of California, Berkeley
265:Westinghouse Science Talent Search
245:Eindhoven University of Technology
161:Eindhoven University of Technology
87:University of California, Berkeley
14:
1997:
1859:
1671:
1575:James Craig Burley (2005-05-31).
1501:Hagen, William von (2007-03-26).
995:Dame-Boyle, Alison (2015-04-16).
949:The American Mathematical Monthly
922:The American Mathematical Monthly
804:
539:Bernstein criticized the leading
442:used in a variety of applications
241:University of Illinois at Chicago
157:University of Illinois at Chicago
21:Daniel J. Bernstein (businessman)
970:Koops, Bert-Jaap (August 2004).
769:, Bernstein's submission to the
605:Bernstein is also known for his
600:Internet Message Access Protocol
1800:
1775:
1757:
1746:
1727:
1708:
1694:
1680:
1665:
1635:
1620:
1594:
1568:
1546:
1521:
1494:
1467:
1424:
1387:
1365:
1339:
1317:
1292:
1276:"ssh/PROTOCOL.chacha20poly1305"
1267:
1242:
1231:
1186:
1162:
1141:
1120:
1095:
1070:
1046:
632:. Many of his papers deal with
405:, and researchers discovered a
336:
283:(1995), where he studied under
1553:Georgi Guninski (2005-05-31).
1013:
1001:Electronic Frontier Foundation
988:
963:
936:
909:
883:
865:"New Yorkers Excel In Contest"
857:
836:
771:NIST hash function competition
619:
327:Electronic Frontier Foundation
1:
1936:American computer programmers
1901:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1374:"Cache timing attacks on AES"
1352:Authenticators and signatures
1274:Miller, Damien (2016-05-03).
1020:Cassidy, Peter (1996-06-01).
798:
792:Quick Mail Transport Protocol
592:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
575:public-key algorithm used by
250:
1838:Lemos, Robert (2004-12-16).
689:(rather than the more usual
348:in 2005 and submitted it to
7:
1961:Computer security academics
786:Quick Mail Queuing Protocol
760:
740:
724:hash-based signature scheme
710:elliptic curve cryptography
569:elliptic curve cryptography
563:, a proposal to secure the
507:
474:In April 2008, Bernstein's
467:against implementations of
430:message authentication code
399:disclosed mass surveillance
239:of Computer Science at the
10:
2002:
1474:Bauer, Michael D. (2005).
747:computer software security
314:Bernstein v. United States
293:Bernstein v. United States
259:, a public high school on
18:
1753:https://sphincs.cr.yp.to/
1629:"High-speed cryptography"
1443:10.1007/978-3-540-88702-7
1434:Post-Quantum Cryptography
502:Post-Quantum Cryptography
471:in the same time period.
186:
182:
170:
152:
133:
126:
96:
82:
68:
44:
35:
28:
1251:"Replacing /dev/urandom"
976:Bert-Jaap Koops homepage
495:Fast Syndrome Based Hash
403:National Security Agency
62:East Patchogue, New York
1674:"String hash functions"
1400:"The eSTREAM Portfolio"
702:(twisted) Edwards curve
607:string hashing function
438:standards organizations
394:Nearly a decade later,
341:Bernstein designed the
209:Daniel Julius Bernstein
1981:Open content activists
1170:"SafeCurves: Rigidity"
233:Ruhr University Bochum
165:Ruhr University Bochum
1931:Modern cryptographers
1627:Daniel J. Bernstein.
1477:Linux Server Security
1346:Daniel J. Bernstein.
814:Bernstein, Daniel J.
691:sieve of Eratosthenes
641:integer factorization
543:package at the time,
391:is based on Ed25519.
1643:"Internet Mail 2000"
636:or implementations.
596:Post Office Protocol
490:research directive.
379:is compiled without
303:was controlled as a
273:Princeton University
257:Bellport High School
211:(sometimes known as
1897:Daniel J. Bernstein
1174:safecurves.cr.yp.to
755:security advisories
586:Bernstein proposed
581:backward-compatible
486:project, part of a
331:represented himself
277:New York University
255:Bernstein attended
91:New York University
30:Daniel J. Bernstein
1890:2016-11-23 at the
1808:"Post-quantam RSA"
1742:. LNCS 2501: 1–26.
1504:Ubuntu Linux Bible
1412:on August 13, 2012
1249:Corbet, Jonathan.
1238:iOS Security Guide
945:G. L. Alexanderson
918:G. L. Alexanderson
816:"Curriculum vitae"
757:about the issues.
616:database library.
588:Internet Mail 2000
565:Domain Name System
307:starting from the
237:research professor
229:visiting professor
225:computer scientist
1514:978-0-470-12454-3
1487:978-0-596-00670-9
1452:978-3-540-88701-0
1255:Linux Weekly News
943:L. F. Klosinski;
916:L. F. Klosinski;
708:, as a basis for
206:
205:
147:Computer Security
128:Scientific career
1993:
1871:
1870:
1868:Official website
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1624:
1618:
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1614:
1605:. Archived from
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1591:
1589:
1588:
1579:. Archived from
1572:
1566:
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1543:
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1405:. Archived from
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1198:www.schneier.com
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1022:"Reluctant Hero"
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683:memory footprint
676:
549:64-bit platforms
535:
409:in the Agency's
319:protected speech
202:
199:
197:
195:
193:
172:Doctoral advisor
58:
55:October 29, 1971
54:
52:
40:
26:
25:
2001:
2000:
1996:
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1892:Wayback Machine
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1528:Binnie, Chris.
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751:vulnerabilities
743:
674:
666:DJBFFT, a fast
622:
598:(POP3) and the
533:
510:
363:as a basis for
339:
323:First Amendment
297:
285:Hendrik Lenstra
253:
235:, as well as a
190:
177:Hendrik Lenstra
145:
89:
83:Alma mater
64:
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50:
48:
31:
24:
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1860:External links
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1745:
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1567:
1545:
1534:ADMIN Magazine
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1466:
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1230:
1224:Internet Draft
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1094:
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1012:
987:
962:
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908:
895:New York Times
882:
869:New York Times
856:
835:
802:
800:
797:
796:
795:
789:
783:
778:
773:
762:
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742:
739:
687:sieve of Atkin
621:
618:
509:
506:
488:European Union
396:Edward Snowden
358:elliptic curve
338:
335:
296:
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252:
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204:
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180:
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1926:Living people
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337:Cryptography
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221:cryptologist
212:
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142:Cryptography
127:
1916:1971 births
1788:CSRC | NIST
1331:20 December
875:November 9,
849:22 February
844:"Team CASA"
630:computation
626:mathematics
620:Mathematics
530:daemontools
432:for use in
421:advantage.
371:version of
329:. He later
261:Long Island
231:at CASA at
138:Mathematics
69:Citizenship
1910:Categories
1849:2019-03-21
1793:2024-03-27
1613:2009-03-04
1587:2007-08-24
1539:2019-03-21
1310:2016-09-07
1285:2016-09-07
1260:2016-09-20
1203:2015-05-20
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1155:2015-05-20
1134:2019-03-20
1113:2014-12-27
1088:2014-12-26
1063:2019-03-20
1039:2019-03-21
1006:2019-03-21
981:2019-03-21
799:References
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657:Adi Shamir
649:asymptotic
634:algorithms
534:publicfile
497:function.
444:, such as
365:public-key
361:Curve25519
321:under the
251:Early life
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121:Curve25519
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1416:April 28,
1034:1059-1028
901:March 14,
681:with low
664:libraries
526:ucspi-tcp
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1888:Archived
1820:June 11,
1815:cr.yp.to
1721:cr.yp.to
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767:CubeHash
761:See also
741:Teaching
675:primegen
668:portable
612:and the
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561:DNSCurve
508:Software
452:kernel,
440:and are
427:Poly1305
407:backdoor
387:package
354:ChaCha20
309:Cold War
305:munition
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113:ChaCha20
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389:signing
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381:OpenSSL
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223:, and
134:Fields
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1457:S2CID
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1026:Wired
953:JSTOR
926:JSTOR
819:(PDF)
714:EdDSA
679:sieve
518:ezmlm
514:qmail
450:Linux
373:EdDSA
200:.html
101:qmail
1844:CNET
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1482:ISBN
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830:2019
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610:djb2
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415:NIST
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