Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet

220: 860: 1115: 371:), each country performing final assembly and checkout of the type in separate facilities. Dassault hosted the largest of these three assembly lines, typically producing 13 aircraft per month to meet the needs of French and export customers. It was reportedly capable of a maximum output of 15 Alpha Jets per month. The Dornier final assembly line typically maintained a maximum rate of six aircraft per month. In contrast to the final assembly arrangements, none of the three sources duplicated the manufacture of any component: Dassault-Breguet produced the front and center fuselage, Dornier constructed the wing, tail and rear fuselage, while SABCA manufactured the nose and 1001: 328: 1998: 1783: 1721: 300: 36: 548: 1559: 1972: 1822: 1593: 1895: 1412: 1849: 733: 466: 1251: 1945: 1794: 2389: 2377: 2365: 776: 1346: 795:, air demonstration team of the French Air Force, fly the Alpha Jet. A total of 176 production Alpha Jet E machines were delivered up to 1985, not the 200 that had been planned. While an excellent aircraft, French air force commanders of combat units had one complaint against the Alpha Jet, that it was a very forgiving aircraft to fly, resulting in a lengthier and steeper learning curve when assigned to fly combat aircraft which were not so forgiving. 1547: 1918: 1759: 1570: 1689: 1666: 1736: 1620: 1872: 1643: 2343: 1427: 2020: 1070:(IVM) signed a supply agreement with the Nigerian Air Force to produce components and various spare parts for the Alpha Jet. In 2015, Nigeria ordered four additional aircraft from the United States; these aircraft had been de-militarized and prepared for civilian operations, however Nigeria had reportedly returned two of these to an unspecified armed configuration by early 2016. 324:, at which the order for the four prototypes was placed. In November 1972, the project passed its first mock-up review. Dassault was designated as the 'pilot' company for the project and possessed final authority on design and management decisions. This approach to project management has been claimed to have been a mostly efficient manner of running the program. 1709: 1226:. The Egyptian Air Force Alpha Jets were based at As Salahiya airbase in 308 (Close Air Support) Tactical Wing with 57 Squadron and 58 Squadron. In 2015 the 308 CAS Tactical Wing moved with both squadrons to El Mansoura airbase for ground attack training. The Egyptian Air Force used the Alpha Jet MS1 fleet to replace the 653:, but France objected to the use of an American engine which would result in US export restrictions upon the overall aircraft and agreed to assume the cost of developing the French-built Larzac. During the 1980s, an upgraded model of the Larzac engine which increased the thrust by 10 per cent was developed. 641:

engines. It is a low bypass-ratio, twin-spool engine that uses modular construction methods. The Larzac was a new engine at the time, having only performed its first run a year prior to being selected to power the Alpha Jet. The need for greater thrust to power the aircraft than the original model of

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platform for the German requirement. This position was accepted by France. An initial point of contention whether to use a French or American powerplant for the aircraft was settled, with France agreeing to solely finance the development of the French-built Larzac engine while Germany agreed to adopt

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fleets, with five of these used for spares. The rest of the Luftwaffe's Alpha Jets were gradually phased out, the last leaving service in 1998, and customers were sought to buy them. In October 1995, the German military offered 42 Alpha Jets to Poland for 143 million PLN. In 1999, 25 Alpha Jets were

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This left the original requirement unfulfilled. As a result of this outcome, in 1967, France entered into a series of discussions with West Germany on the topic of a prospective collaboration effort to meet this demand. West Germany was keen to participate in such talks, having long held an interest

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Germany was keen to sell the retired Alpha Jets quickly since they were reported as costing around DM100,000 ($ 55,000) to keep in storage each month. Fairchild-Dornier received a US$ 43 million contract to refurbish a number of the aircraft and provide support to the end users. Apparently 32 more,

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in northeastern Nigeria while carrying out air support for Nigerian troops fighting against Boko Haram, both pilots were missing, presumed dead. A video was released claiming to show the jet being shot down, however the video was evidently doctored including previous clips from Syria. The Nigerian

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In 1980, work began on an "Alternate Close Support" version of the Alpha Jet, featuring a SAGEM ULISS 81 INS, a Thomson-CSF VE-110 HUD, a TMV630 laser rangefinder in a modified nose and a TRT AHV 9 radio altimeter, with all avionics linked through a digital databus. The initial flight was in April

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graphite-epoxy wing and improved versions of the Larzac engine. Prototype 01 was specifically used early on to support the development of the Larzac engine. The different avionics fit makes French and German Alpha Jets relatively easy to visually distinguish the two, with French planes featuring a

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In 1992, six Nigerian Alpha Jets were placed directly under ECOMOG command, and employed against the NPLF in an extensive campaign of air strikes, road interdictions missions, anti-shipping sorties, and night raids (a task which the Alpha Jet was not normally equipped to perform). They were even

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At one point, both the German government and the German Air Force had been keen to relocate pilot training activities from the United States to France as part of the project. In 1971, this was abandoned over fears of a hostile US reaction and West Germany's offset obligations to the United States

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On 18 July 2021, in a rare occurrence of a military jet downed by a criminal organization, an Alpha jet was shot down after conducting an interdiction mission on the border of the states of Zamfara and Kaduna against criminal gangs. The military blamed intense fire from armed gangs for the shoot

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Three groups of manufacturers produced proposals in response to the requirement. These were Dassault, Breguet and Dornier submitted the "TA501", which had been developed through a merger of the Breguet 126 and Dornier P.375 concepts. VFW-Fokker submitted their "VFT-291" aircraft, while SNIAS/MBB

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fighter. In 1982, it was claimed that the Alpha Jet NGEA was the "only existing aircraft in its category featuring a completely integrated digital navigation and attack system". While no new-build aircraft were produced of this variant, existing Egyptian Alpha Jets were reportedly upgraded to a

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The restored Alpha Jet force has been routinely employed in combat air patrols, and has conducted multiple air strikes against Boko Haram militants over a number of years. In September 2014, multiple Alpha Jets conducted a large number of aerial bombardment missions over and around the area of

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program, which involved installing a fully digital cockpit, modernised communications suite, and a full navigation/attack and sensor training system. It was ultimately abandoned as being too expensive. In 1998, France's defence ministry examined prospective upgrades focused on the Alpha Jet's

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In 1968, a joint specification was produced out of these talks. One substantial change to the requirements was that the sought trainer was now specified to be subsonic, supersonic trainer aircraft having proven to be superfluous to practical requirements. In July 1969, a joint development and

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military cutbacks, Germany elected to retire its own fleet of Alpha Jets in the 1990s and has re-sold many of these aircraft to both military and civilian operators. The Alpha Jet has been adopted by a number of air forces across the world and has also seen active combat use by some of these

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employed to deny access to key bridges in order to give ECOMOG ground forces time to capture them before they were sabotaged. In total, Alpha Jets flew approximately 3,000 combat missions in support of ECOMOG, sustaining no losses but incurring some damage from anti-aircraft artillery.

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in conducting joint training operations with France along with a desire for strengthening positive political relations between the two nations. France also valued military cooperation with West Germany, wanting to break a perceived German ideological preference for American aircraft.

508:(HUDs) to allow instructors to view what students are viewing, with the aim of being more suited for the sophisticated requirements of modern and impending fighter aircraft. Dornier judged the Alpha Jet's airframe to have been suitable without modification for future market needs. 1379:

Several other nations also obtained the Alpha Jet E, including the Ivory Coast (seven aircraft), Morocco (24), Nigeria (24), Qatar (six) and Togo (five). All of these machines were from French production except for the 24 Nigerian aircraft, which were from German production.

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In June 2003, Dassault revealed its plans for an Alpha Jet upgrade to potentially meet the French Air Force's long term training requirements. This upgrade was similar to that which was performed for the Belgian Air Force's Alpha Jet fleet, involving the installation of a

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making such a move unpalatable. While the joint Franco-German training proposal was abandoned, the German government felt obligated to proceed with the aircraft program. At the time, Germany did not require a new trainer aircraft, but needed a replacement for its fleet of

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for greater comfort during training. The Alpha Jet is designed to accommodate ten-minute turn around times with minimal ground equipment, using features such as pressurised single-point refueling, ladder-less entry/exit of the cockpit, and a ten-hour endurance of the

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On 4 November 1977, the first production aircraft made its first flight. In September 1978, deliveries of production Alpha Jets began. The four prototypes remained in service as flying testbeds, being used for further development of the type such as to evaluate a

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of Germany. It was developed specifically to perform trainer and light attack missions, as well as to perform these duties more ideally than the first generation of jet trainers that preceded it. Following a competition, a design submitted by a team comprising

1608:– 30 Alpha Jet A (former Luftwaffe and Qinetic Aircraft) based in Montreal. With 19 operating as airborne training assets under contract to the Canadian Forces and Bundeswehr. Including use as an electronic warfare platform in cooperation with Engility and 915:

databus, new sensors integrated with the navigation/attack systems, modernized electronic countermeasures suite, measures to minimize the aircraft's radar and infrared signatures, protection measures around the fuel system, and new armaments such as the

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claimed that France was interested in procuring 35 M-346s in this capacity. In April 2015, the DGA issued an initial pre-solicitation request for a replacement trainer aircraft. Likely candidates for this requirement reportedly include the M-346 Master,

3559: 1134:. Deliveries took place between 1978 and 1980. By April 1981, the Belgian Air Force had reportedly accumulated 10,000 flight hours on their 33 Alpha Jets during training operations. The introduction of the Alpha Jet led to the retirement of Belgium's 883:

decided to use the Alpha Jet mainly in the light strike role, preferring to continue flight training in the southwestern United States on American trainer types instead of performing training in Germany, although Germany also used Alpha Jets based at

1491:(Advanced Training System): A version fitted with multi-functional controls and a glass cockpit that will train pilots in the use of navigation and attack systems of the latest and future generation fighter aircraft. This version was also called the 1265:

offers full support services for the Alpha Jet in cooperation with Dassault Aviation; services provided includes recommissioning, servicing, inspections, system upgrades integration work, along with technical and logistic support. Abbatare Inc. of

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In the early 1960s, European air forces began to consider their requirements for the coming decades. One such area of consideration was the requirement for a new generation of jet-powered trainer aircraft to replace such aircraft as the US-built

320:, France. That same month, a join Franco-German protocol was signed, launching the construction of four prototypes. In February 1972, the approval to proceed with full development was issued. In May 1972, the first project meeting was held in 399:

to market the Alpha Jet in the US market. The arrangement included provisions for Lockheed to manufacture the Alpha Jet under license. It was considered as a candidate for the US Navy's VTXTS advanced trainer program, eventually won by the

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Two prototypes were to be built by Dassault in France, Dassault having bought out Breguet in the meantime, and a further two were to be built by Dornier in Germany. In October 1973, the first French prototype performed its first flight at

599:. Beyond performing different roles, the Alpha Jet fleets of France and Germany noticeably differed in their specification and equipment. German aircraft were fitted with a more extensive weapon-aiming system, a different fuel system, a 1199:, which were to a standard trainer configuration. Four complete aircraft were directly supplied from Dassault's facility in France, while the remaining 26 of the order were domestically assembled in Egypt using knockdown kits by AOI. 1057:

In 2013, Nigeria began taking steps to bring its Alpha Jet fleet back into service, upgrading 13 of the original 24 into serviceable condition, due to an urgent need for strike aircraft to participate in air support missions for

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production agreement was signed between West Germany and France. Under the terms of this agreement, the two nations committed to purchasing 200 aircraft, these being domestically assembled in each of their own countries.

619:. The majority of the specialised equipment used on the ground attack-orientated variant of the Alpha Jet was provided by German firms. In addition to the ground attack role, the Luftwaffe employed the Alpha Jet in the 1281:

and Alpha Jets as adversary aircraft in air combat training exercises; these are often operated under contract for various military clients. Multiple civil aerial display teams have procured Alpha Jets, such as the

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of maintenance for every flight hour. Nearly 5,000lb of munitions and equipment can be carried on five hardpoints, four on the wings and one at the centerline on the lower fuselage. In an armed configuration, a

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Both Belgium and Egypt, who were early export customers for the Alpha Jet, domestically performed the final assembly of their French-configuration Alpha Jet E aircraft. In September 1978, Dassault and the

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On 23 July 1970, the Breguet-Dassault-Dornier TA501 was declared the winner of the competition. In February 1971, the project definition phase was completed and the integrated design team was set up at

1361:. The two types, being relatively similar in role and specifications, ended up competing for many of the same contracts. This competition led to an aviation commentator stating of the two aircraft: 3460: 744:

decided to use the Alpha Jet primarily as a trainer. On 4 November 1977, the first production Alpha Jet intended for French service conducted its first flight. The French variant was known as the

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In June 1985, Dornier announced that it was studying its own third generation Alpha Jet upgrade program, independent of Dassault. This proposed upgrade involved substantial avionics upgrades and

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similar standard. A single prototype was flown, presumably a modification of one of the original Alpha Jet prototypes. In September 1982, this aircraft made its first public appearance at the

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1982. Cameroon obtained seven, some sources claim 6, and Egypt obtained 15. As with the original Egyptian order for MS1 machines, Dassault provided four such machines under the designation of

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of who they claimed was a captured Nigerian Air Force pilot of a downed Alpha Jet. In March 2016, attacks performed by Nigerian Alpha Jets had reportedly dislodged Boko Haram fighters from

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The Alpha Jet was designed to perform a diverse range of roles. The principal users of the type, Germany and France, operated their Alpha Jets in different capacities, the German as a

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in the front cockpit and a HUD repeater in the rear, a video recorder and other more minor improvements. In 2000, the initial Alpha Jet 1B+ was re-delivered to the Belgian Air Force.

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engines. The German Air Force insisted that the trainer have two engines after having suffered from severe aircraft attrition rates due to the high accident rate of the single-engine

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aircraft. The initial deliveries to France for service trials took place in 1978, lead to the type being introduced to line service in May 1979. The Alpha Jet E quickly replaced the

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The avionics of the original version of the Alpha Jet were of an austere nature, partly to make it a simple and easily exportable aircraft. The basic type lacked features such as an

3070: 3651: 360:, the third prototype was fitted with the French trainer equipment fit and the fourth with the German close air support equipment. The prototypes were equipped with recording and 959:

In 1992, the Luftwaffe began to phase out their Alpha Jet A aircraft, reserving 45 for lead-in fighter training. In 1993, a total of 50 were passed on to Portugal to replace the

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On 13 September 1973, the Belgian defence minister announced that 33 Alpha Jets had been ordered in two batches of 16 and 17 aircraft. These aircraft were given the designation

4063: 2507: 888:, Portugal for weapons training. On 12 April 1978, the first production German Alpha Jet performed its maiden flight, deliveries commenced in March 1979. It was designated the 3300: 3143: 1270:, under the name of "Alpha Jets USA", has imported a number of Alpha Jets into the United States, the firm modifies and sells individual aircraft in the civilian market. 5623: 4099: 3093: 408:. Proposed modifications included undercarriage changes for nose-tow catapults and a stronger arrestor hook, as well as various US-sourced avionics and other equipment. 1102:

Air Force attributed the crash to an accident, pending further investigation. However the video showed Boko Haram fighters at the crash site and remains of the pilots.

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or "New Generation Attack/Training") was a proposed development of the Alpha Jet. It featured the basic avionics of the MS2 plus compatibility with the advanced French

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procured the Alpha Jet in large numbers, the former principally as a trainer aircraft and the latter choosing to use it as a light attack platform. As a result of post-

4659: 3025: 1021: 3322: 4008: 497:(FLIR) imager, a laser targeting system and a modern countermeasures suite. A prototype was flown, again presumably an upgrade of an original Alpha Jet prototype. 3508: 1238:

in the ground-attack role. In February 2000, Egypt was reportedly seeking to replace their Alpha Jet fleet, and was investigating several options, including the

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of the aircraft. A total of 4,500 people were employed in the manufacturing of the Alpha Jet in Germany, an equal number in France also worked on the programme.

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role. The firms stated that the Alpha Jet was smaller, faster, less vulnerable, more maneuverable, cheaper and had higher all-round performance than the A-10.

5566: 5049: 1187:(AOI) signed a license manufacturing agreement for the Alpha Jet; at the time, it was projected that up to 160 Alpha Jets would be domestically produced in 1082:, during the fight to regain the city following the withdrawal of friendly ground forces. In early October 2014, Boko Haram released a video containing the 453:

2 AAMs and the more powerful Larzac 04-C20 turbofans refitted to Luftwaffe Alpha Jet A aircraft. Some of the aircraft's new avionics were derived from the

3963: 3452: 3625: 3047: 3531: 252:, whose two-seat variants were used for operational conversion to the type. As such, the Jaguar was not well suited for the general training mission. 3874: 3824: 3266: 3244: 3198: 3176: 2946: 2911: 2889: 2864: 2837: 2815: 2793: 2758: 2725: 2690: 5383: 5331: 3392: 920:. In 1988, it was announced that the ICE program has been cancelled. A more austere upgrade program did proceed in its place, which integrated the 5616: 5433: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5403: 5388: 3672: 3485: 5761: 5378: 5373: 5163: 5138: 5097: 4518: 4029: 3603: 481:, at one point given the title of "Lancier". This proposal was intended to perform all-weather ground attack operations, as well as to perform 364:

equipment packages, allowing for instrumentation readings and other useful data to be received on the ground in real time during test flights.

3581: 3694: 4225: 5736: 3393:"ECOMOG Air Operations During The Liberian Civil War. An Official Overview of the Early Phases; 1,000 Sorties Flown October 1992-July 1993" 356:. The remaining two prototypes were in the air before the end of 1974. The first and second prototypes were used to explore the aircraft's 248:, proved to be an excellent aircraft, but its definition had changed in the interim, and the type emerged as a full-sized, nuclear-capable 3918: 3067: 4565: 1357:

Considerable foreign sales were expected for the Alpha Jet, with the type becoming available before its main rival, the United Kingdom's

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The Alpha Jet is a light twin-engine aircraft equipped with an intentionally simple airframe despite the performance delivered. Both the

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and navigation computer upgrades, along with several minor airframe and equipment refinements, such as the addition of a jettisonable

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to give it compatibility with the upcoming next generation of carrier fighter aircraft. Carrier adaptions included the addition of an

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Germany proposed that the aircraft be built in two distinct versions, as an inexpensive trainer for the French requirement, and as a

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In September 1988, Dassault revealed that it had proposed a navalised variant of the Alpha Jet, as a carrier-based trainer to the

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and other avionics systems. The Luftwaffe's Alpha Jets were equipped with additional avionics for the attack role, such as a

3022: 493:, it was to be equipped with twin cockpit multifunction displays (MFDs) and potential carriage of AGAVE or Anemone radar, a 5669: 3708: 3369: 3319: 1168:

The Alpha Jet was phased out in 2019. The next year 25 airframes and several spare parts were sold to the Canadian company

1037: 236:. Britain and France established a collaborative program to pursue development of what was initially intended to become a 1350: 1029: 804: 4005: 1314:

in Mountain View, California. It is reportedly equipped with scientific instrumentation and used for research purposes.

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5.5 m/s (1,080 ft/min) on one engine at sea level at 4,782 kg (10,543 lb) in landing configuration

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2,940 km (1,830 mi, 1,590 nmi) with 2x 310 L (82 US gal; 68 imp gal) droptanks

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with a further 500 kg (1,102 lb) in 2x 310 L (82 US gal; 68 imp gal) drop tanks

988:, though details are unclear. Several were also sold to private owners, such as those used by the Austrian-based 620: 4558: 5592: 4966: 3985: 3940: 1725: 401: 3960: 859: 367:

Manufacture of Alpha Jet sub-assemblies was divided between France (Dassault), Germany (Dornier) and Belgium (

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1,095 km (680 mi; 591 nmi) hi-lo-hi profile, gun pod, underwing weapons and two drop tanks

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jet aircraft. This aircraft was to be produced in two distinct variants for different roles: trainer and

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610 km (380 mi, 330 nmi) lo-lo-lo profile, gun pod, underwing weapons and two drop tanks

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During the late 1990s and 2000s, SABCA performed a number of upgrades on the Belgian aircraft to the

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variant. The Luftwaffe obtained a total of 175 aircraft up to 1983, the type was used to replace the

4832: 1461:: Development of the Alpha Jet E optimized for ground attack. This version was originally named the 5536: 5531: 4807: 1907: 1678: 1384: 1322: 1033: 494: 327: 4362:, Vol. 26, No. 6, June 1984, pp. 269–276, 312–313. Bromley, UK: Fine Scroll. ISSN 0306-5634. 4201: 4180: 1481:: Improved version with new avionics, an uprated engine, Magic Air-to-Air missiles, and a Lancier 1173: 699:

The Alpha Jet was more complex than competing second generation trainer aircraft, requiring seven

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attack controller training and anti-surface training (simulating sea-skimming missiles) for the

719:, as installed on German aircraft, would typically be installed upon the centerline hard point. 520: 5659: 5009: 3915: 1530: 1526: 1219: 911:(ICE) program, for their Alpha Jet fleet; these upgrades were to involve the installation of a 527:, it was promoted as having been fully navalised and fitted with the avionics intended for the 73: 4848: 4822: 4797: 4649: 4644: 4624: 4619: 4460:, Vol. 46, No. 3, March 1994, pp. 128–131. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. ISSN 0306-5634. 2275:

5 with a capacity of 2,500 kg (5,512 lb), with provisions to carry combinations of:

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Autonomy Or Power?: The Franco-German Relationship and Europe's Strategic Choices, 1955-1995

2202:(internal fuel only) 2 hours 30 minutes at low altitude; 3 hours 30 minutes at high altitude 1841:

Alpha Jet A) provided by Top Aces. Operated in support of Australian Defence Force training.

5700: 5311: 5044: 5039: 5029: 5019: 4999: 4913: 4775: 4765: 4730: 2470: 1930: 1771: 1713: 1415: 1366: 1311: 1119: 985: 820: 791: 781: 650: 580: 482: 454: 405: 396: 304: 112: 3709:"Blast in video of purported shootdown of Nigerian military plane is fake, analysis shows" 1964:

aircraft - retired 31 January 2018. Of these 12, only 6 flew. Whole fleet sold to Top Aces

8: 5034: 4938: 4908: 4853: 4725: 4654: 4614: 1782: 1278: 1154: 960: 680:. During the 1970s, Dornier claimed that the Alpha Jet outperformed aircraft used as the 661: 575:

systems and load-factor limited dynamic feel system arrangement attached to conventional

459: 384: 299: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4639: 4634: 3218: 1864:(Alpha Jet E) – 33 acquired in 1978, phased out 2019. Last remaining 25 sold to Top Aces 1369:

and Dassault-Breguet/Dornier Alpha Jet battling against each other in the world market.

1227: 1206:, were ordered. The Alpha Jet MS2 bore high levels of similarity to Dassault's proposed 5649: 5185: 5103: 4951: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4868: 4863: 4755: 4750: 4735: 4512: 2430: 1701: 1582: 1558: 1506: 1400: 1388: 1234:

in the trainer role, while the later-built MS2 standard aircraft served to replace the

1046: 1036:. In a series of strikes, these aircraft targeted and launched successful attacks upon 1017: 1005: 976:

obtained 12 as chase aircraft and flight test platforms due to a shortage in available

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submitted the "E.650 Eurotrainer". Each of these proposals were to be powered by twin

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agreement for the Alpha Jet. Egyptian assembly work was carried out in a facility in

272: 174: 78: 35: 3626:"VIDEO: Boko Haram terrorists behead Nigerian Airforce Pilot (Viewer's discretion)." 547: 5654: 5556: 5258: 5210: 5128: 5108: 4858: 4812: 4629: 2296: 1884: 1806: 1704:(Alpha Jet E) – 24 acquired. 4 upgraded in 2011, 9 more reactivated. 11 in service. 1510: 1430: 1419: 1358: 1239: 1143: 1138:

fleet; changes to the training syllabus included the adoption of a new discipline,

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the engine could generate led to the development and adoption of the 2,970 lb

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roles; for the latter purpose, a reconnaissance pod could be fitted upon the port

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in February 1972. This version of the engine initially powered the Alpha Jet.

501: 465: 431: 249: 245: 233: 3453:"Photo Newsreel: Nigerian Air Force Reinduct 9 Alpha Jets and a C130 Hercules" 2392: 2380: 2368: 1250: 5720: 5506: 5501: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5346: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5263: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5200: 5190: 5153: 5092: 5082: 5077: 5072: 4533: 4289: 4264: 2027: 1977: 1534: 1514: 1482: 1318: 1106:

down. The pilot ejected and returned to an Army base, after evading capture.

1075: 848: 812: 673: 669: 608: 592: 585: 532: 345: 4030:"Google execs saved millions on private jet flights using cheaper NASA fuel" 3722: 3420: 2369:

Red Bull Alpha Jet performing an aerial display over Athens, Greece, in 2013

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teams. H211, a private company which manages the planes owned and leased by

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On 31 March 2021, a Nigerian Air Force Alpha jet (NAF475) went missing near

716: 186:, Dassault Aviation, and Dornier Flugzeugwerke, initially designated as the 5253: 5173: 5168: 5158: 5148: 5143: 5133: 5113: 5087: 2455: 2316: 2262: 1609: 1387:

received 24 Alpha Jets which were organized into a training squadron and a

1303: 1083: 1009: 912: 864: 713: 616: 612: 560: 556: 536: 166: 5526: 5516: 3421:"Waging War to Keep the Peace: The ECOMOG Intervention and Human Rights." 2450: 2266: 1900: 1299: 1215: 1098: 1091: 1079: 709: 450: 313: 170: 5631: 4497:] (in French). Vol. 2: le règne du monoplan. Le Vigen, France. 1365:

What Europe must avoid is the kind of wasteful competition that has the

1345: 775: 4537: 4343:

Building Peace in West Africa: Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau

3806:"Ali Kachalla: Unveiling the Zamfara terror kingpin who downed NAF jet" 2440: 2300: 2146:

167 km/h (104 mph, 90 kn) (flaps and undercarriage down)

1562:

Map with operators of the Alpha Jet in blue and former operators in red

1295: 1153:

configuration; improvements made included the addition of a laser-gyro

1063: 830:(DGA) and French Air Force officials were reportedly investigating the 815:, increasing cockpit compatibility with frontline aircraft such as the 600: 572: 486: 237: 4233: 2157:

216 km/h (134 mph; 117 kn) (flaps and undercarriage up)

1716:

Alpha Jet with commemorative livery of 103 Squadron's 50th anniversary

1546: 4389: 2326: 1827: 1349:

Royal Thai Air Force Alpha Jet A during Children's Day 2007 in Wing6

1130:, the assembly work being performed by Belgian aircraft manufacturer 964: 907:

In 1985, Germany began a comprehensive upgrade program, known as the

677: 657: 628: 568: 361: 341: 331:

A Dassault Alpha Jet E demonstrator F-ZJRM in Emmen Switzerland, 1986

265: 4543: 4441:

The Soldier-Citizen: The Politics of the Polish Army after Communism

3982: 3937: 3673:"Nigerian air force alpha jet lost during counter terror operations" 3649:"NAF Alpha jets dislodge Boko Haram terrorists from Sambisa forest." 1635:(Alpha Jet MS2 and E) – 14 MS2 and 40 E (MS1), All upgraded to (MS2) 992:

flight demonstration team, which flies a range of classic aircraft.

956:-based operation to protect Turkey against potential Iraqi attacks. 2435: 2381:

Extensive footage of German Alpha Jet operations in the early 1990s

2122: 1923: 1834: 1764: 1605: 1575: 1317:

Commencing in the third quarter of 2017, Air Affairs Australia and

1274: 1169: 935: 700: 638: 321: 284: 202: 104: 968:

sold to Thailand at 1 million baht ($ 27,000) each, replacing the

417:

rounded-off nose and German ones featuring a sharp, pointed nose.

4369:. Paris: Editions Larivière, 1977. DOCAVIA vol. 6. OCLC 440863702 2039:

Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982-83, and Flight International

1957: 1877: 1854: 1694: 1671: 1551: 1025: 928: 872: 705: 353: 1050:

to have given ECOMOG forces a decisive advantage in fire power.

668:. Later upgrade programs typically focused on the addition of a 3483:"Nigeria's first car maker takes to the skies in fighter jets." 2445: 1648: 1598: 1426: 1392: 1291: 1188: 388: 1202:

During the early 1980s, an additional 15 aircraft, designated

798:

During the early 1990s, the French Air Force investigated the

3695:"Nigerian Air Force says missing Alpha Jet was not shot down" 3506:"Local firm produces spare parts for NAF fighter Pharmacist." 3068:"France to evaluate M-345 as possible Alpha Jet replacement." 2313: 1741: 1625: 1211: 1192: 1131: 665: 604: 392: 368: 317: 1374:

John W. R. Taylor, Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1975–1976

785:

flight display team flying in formation during Air Fete '88

344:. In January 1974, the first German prototype conducted its 2325:

Two 310 L (82 US gal; 68 imp gal)

2286: 2282: 2265:

cannon in centreline gun pack with 150 rounds or one 30 mm

1799: 1307: 1262: 1040:'s HQ, rebel convoys and shipping, and gun emplacements at 953: 938:, 18 German Alpha Jets were deployed to Turkey alongside 6 563:

shape of the aircraft, which was developed with the aid of

190:, was selected and subsequently produced as the Alpha Jet. 4176: 4060:"Air Affairs to provide three Alpha Jets for ADF training" 3792:"Nigerian Air Force lose another Alpha Jet, pilot rescued" 1395:. Alpha Jets were employed in strike missions against the 1022:

Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group

223:

An early Alpha Jet presented in a company marketing photo.

3769: 1992: 1403:, one of their number being shot down in December, 1985. 1158: 4981: 3582:"Air Force refits training aircraft for combat mission." 2813:"New-generation trainer/attack Alpha Jet flight-tested." 2140:

1,000 km/h (620 mph, 540 kn) at sea level

1455:: Trainer version originally used by France and Belgium. 469:

A pair of Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jet A from the extinct

3765:"Nigeria fighter plane shot down by bandits - military" 3604:"Nigeria military aircraft bombing Boko Haram missing." 3140:"UNVEILED THE FIRST PILATUS PC-21 FOR FRENCH AIR FORCE" 1708: 4416:"Alpha Jet: The co-operative trainer/attack aircraft." 2969:, McGraw-Hill, 1982. Volume 116, Issues 22-26, p. 115. 1032:(NPFL) following an international intervention in the 3961:"Supersonic aggressors for hire [CAN2015D2]." 3018: 3016: 649:

Germany was interested in powering the type with the

571:. Fully powered controls are used, comprising a dual- 3552:"Nigerian Air Force receiving additional Alpha Jets" 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2338: 2226:

9,145 m (30,000 ft) in less than 7 minutes

2125:

engines, 13.24 kN (2,980 lbf) thrust each

4532:The initial version of this article was based on a 4202:"Top Aces acquires 25 Belgian Air Force Alpha Jets" 2887:"New Generation Alpha Jet First Public Appearance." 2420:

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

1475:: Close support-capable version assembled in Egypt. 489:missions. Featured many of the same systems as the 430:, and AOI of Egypt assembled the other eleven from 4096:"Morocco, Mauritania & West Sahara since 1972" 3872:"Egypt rolls out Gazelle and receives Alpha Jets." 3298:"Thailand wants F-16s and shrinks Alpha Jet plan." 3013: 1044:; the results of their intervention was judged by 551:A partly disassembled Alpha Jet during maintenance 3817: 3815: 2993: 2991: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2670: 1937:aircraft) acquired 1993. Retired 13 January 2018. 1505:: A single Moroccan Alpha Jet E modified with a 1174:Top Aces acquires 25 Belgian Air Force Alpha Jets 863:A German Air Force Alpha Jet prior to landing at 712:, as installed on French aircraft, or 27 mm 5718: 4390:"The Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jet & FMA Pampa" 4278:Harding, Ian (March 2018). "Alpha Jet retires". 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2938: 2936: 2024:Hi-res cutaway of the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet 19:"Alpha Jet" redirects here. For other uses, see 4296: 3362: 3360: 1254:An Alpha Jet imported by Abbatare lands at the 3867: 3865: 3863: 3812: 3225: 3158: 2988: 2882: 2880: 2850: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 504:alterations, such as the addition of multiple 5742:1970s international military trainer aircraft 5617: 4967: 4559: 4428:, Vol. 93, No. 1, July 2017, pp. 86–89. 4006:"A New (Fighter) Jet for Google's Founders?." 2972: 2933: 1172:which provides adversary air combat training. 984:including two spares hulks, were sold to the 972:in the border patrol role; while the British 4374:The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft 3357: 3091:"PARIS: France plans Alpha Jet replacement." 2965:"New Engine Being Developed for Alpha Jet." 2289:rocket pods with nineteen 70 mm rockets each 1612:. Also 25 Alpha Jet E acquired from Belgium. 1445:: Attack version originally used by Germany. 4171: 4169: 3916:"Training aircraft services for Alpha Jet." 3860: 3293: 3291: 2877: 2771: 2738: 2703: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2547: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 1066:. In March 2016, Nigerian car manufacturer 803:cockpit, such as the installation of a new 5624: 5610: 4974: 4960: 4566: 4552: 4517:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4454:Stijger, Eric. "Alpha Jets for Portugal". 4421:, 28 February 1974. pp. 264–267, 277. 3023:"France studies Alpha Jet life extension." 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2570: 2568: 2393:Guided tour of the cockpit of an Alpha Jet 4149:"Airshow Review – Marrakech Airshow 2014" 4027: 3387: 3385: 3320:"UK buys ex-German air force Alpha Jets." 4223: 4166: 3529:"Nigeria re-militarises two Alpha Jets." 3288: 2652: 2638: 2620: 2489: 2233:170 km/h (110 mph; 92 kn) 2001:Orthographic projection of the Alpha Jet 1996: 1786:A Royal Thai Air Force Alpha Jet in 2013 1781: 1719: 1707: 1585:(Alpha Jet MS2) – 27 (12 are in service) 1557: 1545: 1425: 1410: 1344: 1306:, operates a single Alpha Jet, based at 1249: 1222:and HUD, along with a digital multiplex 1113: 1028:, which were engaged in combat with the 999: 858: 774: 731: 546: 464: 326: 298: 244:. The result of this collaboration, the 218: 4468:Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982-83 4320:M0.85 at 10,000 m (33,000 ft) 4277: 3822:"Belgian Air Force Alpha Jet training." 3006:Christophe Gasztych, "Savoie's AUTUMN" 2595: 2565: 2538: 2520: 1185:Arab Organization for Industrialization 1183:On 17 September 1978, Dassault and the 758:Alpha Jet Advanced Trainer/Light Attack 381:Arab Organization for Industrialization 5719: 4488: 4387: 3983:"Classic Aerobatics for your Airshow!" 3739: 3670: 3382: 3174:"Luftwaffe outlines Alpha Jet update." 1993:Specifications (Close-support version) 974:Defence Evaluation and Research Agency 722: 690:Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II 634:The Alpha Jet is powered by a pair of 473:flight demonstration team in formation 420: 5605: 4955: 4573: 4547: 4356:Braybrook, Roy. "Training Maturity". 4224:Barreira, Victor (20 November 2017). 4122:"Raining champions of the Arab world" 4062:. Australian Aviation. 3 March 2017. 4040:from the original on 12 December 2013 3264:"Dassault-Breguet Dornier Alpha Jet." 3196:"Dassault-Breguet Dornier Alpha Jet." 2862:"Dassault-Breguet Dornier Alpha Jet." 2791:"Dassault-Breguet Dornier Alpha Jet." 2688:"Dassault-Breguet/Dornier Alpha Jet." 1469:or "New Generation Attack/Training"), 1321:will provide three Alpha Jets to the 1214:-built Uliss 81 nav/attack system, a 559:and air intakes are fixed; while the 4495:The Aircraft of Louis Breguet, Paris 4403:. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. 3562:from the original on 31 January 2016 3146:from the original on 7 November 2017 3120:from the original on 7 November 2017 2967:Aviation Week & Space Technology 2281:Two Matra rocket pods with eighteen 2220:57 m/s (11,200 ft/min) max 1118:A Belgium Air Force Alpha Jet 1B at 851:. The PC-21 was introduced in 2018. 834:as a replacement for the Alpha Jet. 823:, as well as a structural overhaul. 772:A in its weapons training capacity. 768:in jet trainer role, as well as the 529:Alpha Jet 3 Advanced Training System 479:Alpha Jet 3 Advanced Training System 40:An Alpha Jet of the French Air Force 5737:1970s international attack aircraft 4255:"Portugal retires its Alpha Jets". 4226:"Portugal to phase out Alpha Jet A" 4078: 3894:"Egypt shops in China for trainer." 3433:, June 1993. Volume 5, Issue No. 6. 3342:"UAE closes on Alpha Jet purchase." 2066:9.11 m (29 ft 11 in) 2060:13.23 m (43 ft 5 in) 1813: 1245: 1030:National Patriotic Front of Liberia 807:(HUD) and multifunction displays. 13: 4482: 4470:. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1982. 4345:. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002. 4093: 3845:"Belgium updates Alpha Jet fleet." 3762: 2072:4.19 m (13 ft 9 in) 2013:Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet cutaway 294: 14: 5773: 5762:France–Germany military relations 4526: 4365:Cuny, Jean and Pierre Leyvastre. 4102:from the original on 4 March 2016 4066:from the original on 2 March 2017 3463:from the original on 9 March 2016 3399:(Special Issue on ECOMOG). 1996. 2269:in centreline pod with 150 rounds 2078:17.5 m (188 sq ft) 477:Another proposed variant was the 4128:. Times Aerospace Publishing Ltd 3752:from the original on 2021-07-20. 3683:from the original on 2021-04-01. 3114:"France speeds PC-21 deliveries" 2387: 2375: 2363: 2341: 2312:a variety of bombs (such as the 2018: 1970: 1943: 1916: 1893: 1870: 1847: 1820: 1792: 1757: 1734: 1687: 1664: 1641: 1618: 1591: 1568: 1016:In 1990, four Alpha Jets of the 828:Direction générale de l'armement 682:McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II 34: 4335: 4323: 4314: 4305: 4271: 4248: 4217: 4208: 4194: 4183:from the original on 2019-04-23 4140: 4114: 4087: 4052: 4021: 3998: 3976: 3953: 3931: 3909: 3887: 3837: 3798: 3784: 3756: 3733: 3715: 3701: 3687: 3671:Lionel, Ekene (April 1, 2021). 3664: 3641: 3619: 3597: 3574: 3544: 3521: 3498: 3475: 3445: 3436: 3414: 3403:from the original on 2016-03-04 3335: 3313: 3279: 3257: 3242:"Germany nears Alpha Jet deal." 3234: 3211: 3189: 3167: 3132: 3106: 3083: 3060: 3038: 3000: 2959: 2924: 2902: 2828: 2806: 2611: 1467:Nouvelle Generation Appui/Ecole 447:Nouvelle Generation Appui/Ecole 5593:Dornier Museum Friedrichshafen 4665:MD.750 Mirage 6000 Mega Mirage 4491:Les avions Louis Breguet Paris 4367:Les Avions Breguet (1940/1971) 4147:Jackson, Kevin (13 May 2014). 4028:Alex Hern (12 December 2013). 3993:Mustang High Flight Aerobatics 3740:Lionel, Ekene (21 July 2020). 2586: 2577: 2529: 2208:14,630 m (48,000 ft) 2105:7,500 kg (16,535 lb) 2099:5,000 kg (11,023 lb) 1726:Royal International Air Tattoo 1288:Mustang High Flight Aerobatics 1142:, as well as a greater use of 402:McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk 209: 1: 4388:Goebel, Greg (1 April 2020), 4376:. London: Amber Books, 2004. 3164:Braybrook 1984, pp. 270, 276. 2478: 2111:1,520 kg (3,351 lb) 2093:3,515 kg (7,749 lb) 1984:At least 5 in service by the 1273:Canadian aviation specialist 1068:Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing 1042:Roberts International Airport 1024:(ECOMOG) forces stationed in 832:Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master 779:Six French Alpha Jets of the 595:platform and the French as a 5757:Aircraft first flown in 1973 5635:attack aircraft designations 4985:and Zeppelin-Lindau aircraft 3884:, 10 December 1983, p. 1518. 2997:Braybrook 1984, pp. 275–276. 2517:Retrieved: 30 December 2012. 1541: 1020:were deployed in support of 736:French Air Force Alpha Jet E 404:, a modified version of the 7: 2930:Lambert 1974, pp. 266, 277. 2899:, 4 September 1982. p. 657. 2768:, 4 November 1978. p. 1649. 2700:, 8 November 1978. p. 1882. 2334: 1406: 1383:Between 1979 and 1981, the 970:North American OV-10 Bronco 230:Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star 16:French light attack fighter 10: 5778: 4424:Mata, Paulo. "Last Days". 4259:. March 2018. p. 16. 3045:"Alpha Jet upgrade ahead." 2956:, 8 February 1974. p. 268. 2944:"Power for the Alpha Jet." 2617:Lambert 1974, pp. 264-265. 2285:68 mm rockets each or two 2245:610 m (2,000 ft) 2239:410 m (1,350 ft) 1960:– (Alpha Jet A) 12 former 1933:– 50 (Alpha Jet A, former 1658:(Alpha Jet E) – 45 in 2024 1656:French Air and Space Force 1109: 995: 909:Improved Combat Efficiency 896:or "Tactical Support") or 854: 621:electronic countermeasures 303:A French Alpha Jet of the 289:Lockheed F-104 Starfighter 214: 195:French Air and Space Force 160:Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet 101:French Air and Space Force 21:Alpha Jet (disambiguation) 18: 5688: 5640: 5585: 5447: 5219: 5058: 4990: 4841: 4673: 4582: 4302:Taylor 1982, pp. 105–106. 3995:, Retrieved: 30 May 2016. 3928:, Retrieved: 30 May 2016. 3834:, 18 April 1981. p. 1109. 3539:IHS Jane's Defence Weekly 3379:, Retrieved: 30 May 2016. 3231:Sijger 1994, pp. 128–129. 2825:, 24 April 1982. p. 1033. 2386: 2374: 2362: 2357: 2017: 2012: 2007: 1986:Kansas Air National Guard 1774:(19 Alpha Jet A – former 1724:An Alpha Jet at the 2008 1340: 727: 607:, nosewheel steering, an 567:(CAD), conforms with the 542: 148: 140: 132: 127: 119: 96: 88: 72: 64: 59:advanced trainer aircraft 50: 45: 33: 28: 4538:Greg Goebel's Vectorsite 4153:Global Aviation Resource 4146: 3950:Retrieved: 17 July 2012. 3943:October 8, 2008, at the 3010:, March 2013, pp. 40-45. 2874:, 13 August 1988. p. 36. 2803:, 19 August 1989. p. 38. 2483: 1679:Royal Moroccan Air Force 1533:dispenser, modified for 1385:Royal Moroccan Air Force 1333:. They will be based at 1323:Australian Defence Force 1178: 708:containing a 30 mm 495:forward-looking infrared 5727:Dassault Group aircraft 5633:Royal Thai Armed Forces 4120: 3397:Defense Studies Journal 3285:Michta 2016, pp. 70-71. 3208:, 1 August 1987. p. 27. 2592:Kocs 1995, pp. 113-114. 2583:Kocs 1995, pp. 112-114. 2562:Braybrook 1984, p. 270. 2535:Kocs 1995, pp. 112-113. 2119:SNECMA Turbomeca Larzac 2045:General characteristics 1908:Côte d'Ivoire Air Force 1391:squadron both based in 1236:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 1232:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 980:aircraft for the role. 898:Alpha Jet Close Support 845:Beechcraft T-6 Texan II 636:SNECMA Turbomeca Larzac 577:flight control surfaces 282:SNECMA Turbomeca Larzac 4808:New Generation Fighter 4489:Lacaze, Henri (2016). 3276:, 19 July 1994. p. 40. 3254:, 7 April 1992. p. 17. 3186:, 27 April 1985. p. 8. 2909:"New Alpha Jet shown." 2735:, 1 May 1976. p. 1148. 2002: 1787: 1729: 1717: 1563: 1555: 1434: 1423: 1377: 1354: 1258: 1123: 1013: 1004:Nigerian Alpha Jet at 892:(the "A" standing for 876: 786: 748:(the "E" standing for 737: 552: 474: 332: 308: 224: 5267:(Operational history) 4214:Mata 2017, pp. 87–89. 3504:Karls Tsokar, Abuja. 3116:. 20 September 2018. 2921:, 22 June 1985. p. 9. 2847:, 2 July 1983. p. 27. 2667:Lambert 1974, p. 266. 2635:Lambert 1974, p. 265. 2574:Lambert 1974, p. 264. 2214:+12 / -6.4 (ultimate) 2000: 1862:Belgian Air Component 1785: 1749:Qatar Emiri Air Force 1723: 1711: 1561: 1554:-operated Alpha Jet A 1549: 1429: 1414: 1363: 1348: 1335:RAAF Base Williamtown 1331:Royal Australian Navy 1268:Arlington, Washington 1253: 1136:Fouga CM.170 Magister 1117: 1003: 862: 778: 735: 625:aerial reconnaissance 565:computer aided design 550: 513:French Naval Aviation 502:man-machine interface 468: 385:license manufacturing 330: 302: 276:the same powerplant. 242:light attack aircraft 222: 179:Dornier Flugzeugwerke 83:Dornier Flugzeugwerke 5689:Related designations 5448:Dornier designations 5059:Dornier designations 4419:Flight International 3904:Flight International 3882:Flight International 3855:Flight International 3832:Flight International 3616:, 14 September 2014. 3459:. 30 November 2013. 3442:Adebajo 2002, p. 82. 3352:Flight International 3330:Flight International 3308:Flight International 3274:Flight International 3252:Flight International 3206:Flight International 3184:Flight International 3101:Flight International 3080:, 11 September 2014. 3078:Flight International 3055:Flight International 3033:Flight International 2985:Taylor 1982, p. 105. 2954:Flight International 2919:Flight International 2897:Flight International 2872:Flight International 2845:Flight International 2823:Flight International 2801:Flight International 2766:Flight International 2733:Flight International 2698:Flight International 2471:Soko G-4 Super Galeb 1931:Portuguese Air Force 1835:Air Affairs/Top Aces 1772:Royal Thai Air Force 1714:Portuguese Air Force 1525:). and an AN/ALE-40 1416:Portuguese Air Force 1367:Hawker Siddeley Hawk 1312:Ames Research Center 1279:Douglas A-4 Skyhawks 1277:operates a fleet of 1120:Beauvechain Air Base 986:United Arab Emirates 821:Dassault Mirage 2000 792:Patrouille de France 782:Patrouille de France 651:General Electric J85 535:and a strengthened 525:Alpha Jet Maritime 3 521:Dassault Étendard IV 455:Dassault Mirage 2000 406:Hawker Siddeley Hawk 305:Patrouille de France 113:Royal Thai Air Force 4236:on 20 November 2017 4084:Taylor 1976, p. 63. 3906:, 29 February 2000. 3518:, 11 February 2016. 3354:, 24 November 1999. 3008:Air Force's Monthly 2408:Related development 2103:Max takeoff weight: 1751:(Alpha Jet E) – six 1422:flight display team 1418:Alpha Jet A of the 1155:inertial navigation 1062:operations against 961:Northrop T-38 Talon 826:In September 2014, 770:Dassault Mystère IV 723:Operational history 662:inertial navigation 539:and undercarriage. 523:fleets. Designated 517:Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr 460:Farnborough Airshow 421:Further development 307:flight display team 173:co-manufactured by 46:General information 5752:High-wing aircraft 4443:. Springer, 2016. 4439:Michta, Andrew A. 4341:Adebajo, Adekeye. 4018:, 23 October 2008. 4016:The New York Times 4011:2015-09-09 at the 3988:2016-05-06 at the 3966:2016-06-04 at the 3921:2016-06-27 at the 3899:2016-08-03 at the 3877:2016-08-03 at the 3857:, 3 November 1999. 3850:2016-08-03 at the 3827:2016-08-03 at the 3654:2016-10-21 at the 3631:2016-08-06 at the 3609:2016-06-01 at the 3594:, 26 January 2016. 3587:2016-07-22 at the 3541:, 27 January 2016. 3534:2016-03-02 at the 3511:2016-08-13 at the 3488:2016-04-04 at the 3431:Human Rights Watch 3426:2016-06-21 at the 3372:2016-06-11 at the 3347:2016-08-03 at the 3325:2016-08-03 at the 3303:2016-08-03 at the 3269:2016-08-03 at the 3247:2016-08-03 at the 3201:2016-08-03 at the 3179:2016-08-03 at the 3096:2016-08-03 at the 3073:2016-08-03 at the 3050:2016-08-03 at the 3035:, 21 October 1998. 3028:2016-08-03 at the 2949:2016-08-03 at the 2914:2016-08-03 at the 2892:2016-11-30 at the 2867:2016-08-03 at the 2840:2016-08-03 at the 2818:2016-08-03 at the 2796:2016-08-03 at the 2761:2016-08-03 at the 2728:2016-08-03 at the 2693:2016-08-03 at the 2649:Kocs 1995, p. 115. 2608:Kocs 1995, p. 114. 2544:Kocs 1995, p. 113. 2526:Kocs 1995, p. 112. 2510:2012-05-15 at the 2431:Aero L-39 Albatros 2003: 1887:– 93 (Alpha Jet A) 1788: 1730: 1718: 1702:Nigerian Air Force 1681:(Alpha Jet E) – 24 1583:Cameroon Air Force 1564: 1556: 1503:Alpha Jet Al-Ghait 1435: 1424: 1401:Western Sahara War 1355: 1259: 1124: 1047:The New York Times 1034:Liberian Civil War 1018:Nigerian Air Force 1014: 1006:Old Kaduna Airport 925:air-to-air missile 877: 841:Aero L-39 Albatros 787: 738: 686:LTV A-7 Corsair II 553: 475: 333: 309: 268:attack aircraft. 225: 109:Egyptian Air Force 5714: 5713: 5599: 5598: 4949: 4948: 4504:978-2-914017-89-3 4457:Air International 4426:Air International 4399:Kocs, Stephen A. 4359:Air International 4281:Air International 4257:Air International 3742:"Military Africa" 3638:, 5 October 2014. 3636:African Spotlight 3558:. 26 March 2015. 3332:, 18 August 1999. 3310:, 11 August 1999. 3240:Barrie, Douglas. 2398: 2397: 2297:AIM-9 Sidewinders 2224:Time to altitude: 2033: 2032: 1910:– 7 (Alpha Jet E) 1809:– 5 (Alpha Jet E) 1144:flight simulators 1060:counterinsurgency 922:AIM-9L Sidewinder 756:for "School") or 694:close air support 579:. The cockpit is 515:to replace their 441:, originally the 273:close air support 232:and French-built 175:Dassault Aviation 156: 155: 141:Introduction date 79:Dassault Aviation 5769: 5732:Dornier aircraft 5626: 5619: 5612: 5603: 5602: 5220:RLM designations 4976: 4969: 4962: 4953: 4952: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4545: 4544: 4522: 4516: 4508: 4464:Taylor, John W R 4396: 4372:Eden, Paul, ed. 4330: 4327: 4321: 4318: 4312: 4309: 4303: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4232:. Archived from 4221: 4215: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4173: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4025: 4019: 4002: 3996: 3980: 3974: 3957: 3951: 3935: 3929: 3913: 3907: 3891: 3885: 3869: 3858: 3843:Penny, Stewart. 3841: 3835: 3819: 3810: 3809: 3808:. 2 August 2021. 3802: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3668: 3662: 3661:, 26 March 2016. 3645: 3639: 3623: 3617: 3601: 3595: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3548: 3542: 3527:Binnie, Jeremy. 3525: 3519: 3502: 3496: 3495:, 30 March 2016. 3479: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3457:Beegeagle's Blog 3449: 3443: 3440: 3434: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3389: 3380: 3377:The Flying Bulls 3364: 3355: 3339: 3333: 3317: 3311: 3295: 3286: 3283: 3277: 3261: 3255: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3215: 3209: 3193: 3187: 3171: 3165: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3110: 3104: 3089:Perry, Dominic. 3087: 3081: 3066:Perry, Dominic. 3064: 3058: 3042: 3036: 3020: 3011: 3004: 2998: 2995: 2986: 2983: 2970: 2963: 2957: 2940: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2906: 2900: 2884: 2875: 2859: 2848: 2832: 2826: 2810: 2804: 2788: 2769: 2753: 2736: 2720: 2701: 2685: 2668: 2665: 2650: 2647: 2636: 2633: 2618: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2593: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2575: 2572: 2563: 2560: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2518: 2502: 2391: 2390: 2379: 2378: 2367: 2366: 2355: 2354: 2351: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2305:AGM-65 Mavericks 2253: 2206:Service ceiling: 2133: 2047: 2022: 2021: 2005: 2004: 1976: 1974: 1973: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1922: 1920: 1919: 1899: 1897: 1896: 1885:German Air Force 1876: 1874: 1873: 1853: 1851: 1850: 1826: 1824: 1823: 1814:Former operators 1798: 1796: 1795: 1763: 1761: 1760: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1693: 1691: 1690: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1624: 1622: 1621: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1511:Honeywell Primus 1453: 1452: 1443: 1442: 1431:French Air Force 1420:Asas de Portugal 1375: 1359:BAE Systems Hawk 1246:Civilian service 1240:BAE Systems Hawk 1228:Aero L-29 Delfín 978:BAE Systems Hawk 934:During the 1991 836:Alenia Aermacchi 742:French Air Force 597:trainer aircraft 506:head-up displays 471:Asas de Portugal 350:Oberpfaffenhofen 199:German Air Force 184:Breguet Aviation 38: 26: 25: 5777: 5776: 5772: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5767: 5766: 5717: 5716: 5715: 5710: 5684: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5600: 5595: 5581: 5449: 5443: 5221: 5215: 5060: 5054: 4992: 4991:Zeppelin-Lindau 4986: 4980: 4950: 4945: 4837: 4669: 4578: 4572: 4529: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4485: 4483:Further reading 4414:Lambert, Mark. 4338: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4276: 4272: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4209: 4200: 4199: 4195: 4186: 4184: 4175: 4174: 4167: 4157: 4155: 4145: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4126:Times Aerospace 4119: 4115: 4105: 4103: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4079: 4069: 4067: 4058: 4057: 4053: 4043: 4041: 4026: 4022: 4013:Wayback Machine 4004:Helft, Miguel. 4003: 3999: 3990:Wayback Machine 3981: 3977: 3968:Wayback Machine 3959:David, Donald. 3958: 3954: 3948:Alpha Jets USA. 3945:Wayback Machine 3936: 3932: 3923:Wayback Machine 3914: 3910: 3901:Wayback Machine 3892: 3888: 3879:Wayback Machine 3870: 3861: 3852:Wayback Machine 3842: 3838: 3829:Wayback Machine 3820: 3813: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3794:. 20 July 2021. 3790: 3789: 3785: 3775: 3773: 3763:Ewokor, Chris. 3761: 3757: 3746:Military Africa 3738: 3734: 3727:BBC News Pidgin 3721: 3720: 3716: 3711:. 3 April 2021. 3707: 3706: 3702: 3697:. 5 April 2021. 3693: 3692: 3688: 3677:Military Africa 3669: 3665: 3656:Wayback Machine 3646: 3642: 3633:Wayback Machine 3624: 3620: 3611:Wayback Machine 3602: 3598: 3589:Wayback Machine 3580:Mutum, Ronald. 3579: 3575: 3565: 3563: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3536:Wayback Machine 3526: 3522: 3513:Wayback Machine 3503: 3499: 3490:Wayback Machine 3481:Monks, Kieron. 3480: 3476: 3466: 3464: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3428:Wayback Machine 3419: 3415: 3406: 3404: 3391: 3390: 3383: 3374:Wayback Machine 3365: 3358: 3349:Wayback Machine 3340: 3336: 3327:Wayback Machine 3318: 3314: 3305:Wayback Machine 3296: 3289: 3284: 3280: 3271:Wayback Machine 3262: 3258: 3249:Wayback Machine 3239: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3217: 3216: 3212: 3203:Wayback Machine 3194: 3190: 3181:Wayback Machine 3172: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3103:, 16 June 2015. 3098:Wayback Machine 3088: 3084: 3075:Wayback Machine 3065: 3061: 3057:, 17 June 2003. 3052:Wayback Machine 3043: 3039: 3030:Wayback Machine 3021: 3014: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2989: 2984: 2973: 2964: 2960: 2951:Wayback Machine 2941: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2916:Wayback Machine 2907: 2903: 2894:Wayback Machine 2885: 2878: 2869:Wayback Machine 2860: 2851: 2842:Wayback Machine 2835:"Warlike Jets." 2833: 2829: 2820:Wayback Machine 2811: 2807: 2798:Wayback Machine 2789: 2772: 2763:Wayback Machine 2754: 2739: 2730:Wayback Machine 2721: 2704: 2695:Wayback Machine 2686: 2671: 2666: 2653: 2648: 2639: 2634: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2596: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2566: 2561: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2512:Wayback Machine 2503: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2426:Aermacchi S-211 2414:FMA IA-63 Pampa 2388: 2376: 2364: 2358:External videos 2349:Aviation portal 2347: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2301:Matra Magic IIs 2254: 2249: 2227: 2129: 2043: 2019: 1995: 1971: 1969: 1944: 1942: 1917: 1915: 1894: 1892: 1871: 1869: 1848: 1846: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1793: 1791: 1758: 1756: 1735: 1733: 1688: 1686: 1665: 1663: 1642: 1640: 1633:Egypt Air Force 1619: 1617: 1592: 1590: 1569: 1567: 1544: 1450: 1449: 1440: 1439: 1409: 1397:Polisario Front 1376: 1373: 1343: 1327:Australian Army 1248: 1181: 1140:combined flight 1122:, Belgium, 2004 1112: 1012:, Nigeria, 2012 998: 918:AGM-65 Maverick 869:Gloucestershire 857: 817:Dassault Rafale 805:Head-Up Display 730: 725: 676:and additional 545: 423: 383:(AOI) signed a 358:flight envelope 297: 295:Into production 217: 212: 152:26 October 1973 144:4 November 1977 115: 111: 107: 65:National origin 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5775: 5765: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5629: 5628: 5621: 5614: 5606: 5597: 5596: 5589:Claude Dornier 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5453: 5451: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5225: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5064: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4996: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4979: 4978: 4971: 4964: 4956: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4828:Super Étendard 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4718: 4713: 4711:Falcon Epicure 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4677: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4571: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4548: 4528: 4527:External links 4525: 4524: 4523: 4503: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4461: 4452: 4437: 4422: 4412: 4397: 4385: 4370: 4363: 4354: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4304: 4295: 4284:. p. 21. 4270: 4247: 4230:IHS Jane's 360 4216: 4207: 4193: 4165: 4139: 4113: 4086: 4077: 4051: 4020: 3997: 3975: 3973:, 28 May 2015. 3971:IHS Jane's 360 3952: 3930: 3908: 3886: 3859: 3836: 3811: 3797: 3783: 3755: 3732: 3714: 3700: 3686: 3663: 3647:Lauya, Adbul. 3640: 3618: 3596: 3573: 3543: 3520: 3497: 3474: 3444: 3435: 3413: 3381: 3356: 3334: 3312: 3287: 3278: 3256: 3233: 3224: 3210: 3188: 3166: 3157: 3131: 3105: 3082: 3059: 3037: 3012: 2999: 2987: 2971: 2958: 2932: 2923: 2901: 2876: 2849: 2827: 2805: 2770: 2737: 2702: 2669: 2651: 2637: 2619: 2610: 2594: 2585: 2576: 2564: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2519: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2466:PZL I-22 Iryda 2463: 2461:Mitsubishi T-2 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2417: 2416: 2405: 2404: 2402:EADS Mako/HEAT 2396: 2395: 2384: 2383: 2372: 2371: 2360: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2329: 2320: 2307: 2290: 2270: 2247: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2231:Landing speed: 2228: 2221: 2218:Rate of climb: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2173: 2172: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2158: 2148: 2147: 2141: 2138:Maximum speed: 2127: 2126: 2112: 2109:Fuel capacity: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2031: 2030: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2009: 2008:External image 1994: 1991: 1990: 1989: 1981: 1980: 1966: 1965: 1954: 1953: 1951:United Kingdom 1939: 1938: 1927: 1926: 1912: 1911: 1904: 1903: 1889: 1888: 1881: 1880: 1866: 1865: 1858: 1857: 1843: 1842: 1831: 1830: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1807:Togo Air Force 1803: 1802: 1780: 1779: 1768: 1767: 1753: 1752: 1745: 1744: 1706: 1705: 1698: 1697: 1683: 1682: 1675: 1674: 1660: 1659: 1652: 1651: 1637: 1636: 1629: 1628: 1614: 1613: 1602: 1601: 1587: 1586: 1579: 1578: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1500: 1486: 1476: 1470: 1463:Alpha Jet NGAE 1456: 1446: 1408: 1405: 1371: 1351:Don Mueang AFB 1342: 1339: 1256:Mojave Airport 1247: 1244: 1210:, featuring a 1208:Alpha Jet NGEA 1180: 1177: 1111: 1108: 1088:Sambisa Forest 1038:Charles Taylor 997: 994: 913:Mil Spec 1553B 894:Appui Tactique 856: 853: 766:Fouga Magister 729: 726: 724: 721: 611:, and Stencel 544: 541: 443:Alpha Jet NGEA 432:knockdown kits 422: 419: 296: 293: 250:strike fighter 246:SEPECAT Jaguar 234:Fouga Magister 216: 213: 211: 208: 177:of France and 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 103: 98: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 76: 70: 69: 68:France/Germany 66: 62: 61: 52: 48: 47: 43: 42: 39: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5774: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5639: 5634: 5627: 5622: 5620: 5615: 5613: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5594: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 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Jets." 3934: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3917: 3912: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3895: 3890: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3840: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3818: 3816: 3807: 3801: 3793: 3787: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3710: 3704: 3696: 3690: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3660: 3659:The Authority 3657: 3653: 3650: 3644: 3637: 3634: 3630: 3627: 3622: 3615: 3614:Premium Times 3612: 3608: 3605: 3600: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3577: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3530: 3524: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3507: 3501: 3494: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3439: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3388: 3386: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3338: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3316: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3294: 3292: 3282: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3265: 3260: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3237: 3228: 3220: 3214: 3207: 3204: 3200: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3170: 3161: 3145: 3141: 3135: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3102: 3099: 3095: 3092: 3086: 3079: 3076: 3072: 3069: 3063: 3056: 3053: 3049: 3046: 3041: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3019: 3017: 3009: 3003: 2994: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2968: 2962: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2942:Fulton, Ken. 2939: 2937: 2927: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2905: 2898: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2883: 2881: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2831: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2809: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2792: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2699: 2696: 2692: 2689: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2614: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2569: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2541: 2532: 2523: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2488: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2410: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2394: 2385: 2382: 2373: 2370: 2361: 2356: 2350: 2339: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2314:Hunting BL755 2311: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2237:Take-off run: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2181: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2169:Combat range: 2167: 2166: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2097:Gross weight: 2095: 2092: 2091:Empty weight: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2041: 2040: 2037: 2029: 2028:Flight Global 2025: 2016: 2011: 2006: 1999: 1987: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1978:United States 1968: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1818: 1817: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1715: 1710: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1639: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1553: 1548: 1536: 1535:cloud seeding 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1515:weather radar 1512: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1489:Alpha Jet ATS 1487: 1484: 1483:glass cockpit 1480: 1479:Alpha Jet MS2 1477: 1474: 1473:Alpha Jet MS1 1471: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1447: 1444: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1370: 1368: 1362: 1360: 1352: 1347: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1319:Discovery Air 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1264: 1263:RUAG Aviation 1257: 1252: 1243: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1218:-built laser 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1204:Alpha Jet MS2 1200: 1198: 1197:Alpha Jet MS1 1194: 1190: 1186: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1151:Alpha Jet 1B+ 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1121: 1116: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1055: 1051: 1049: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1011: 1007: 1002: 993: 991: 987: 981: 979: 975: 971: 966: 962: 957: 955: 951: 948: 944: 941: 937: 932: 930: 926: 923: 919: 914: 910: 905: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 882: 874: 870: 866: 861: 852: 850: 849:Pilatus PC-21 846: 842: 837: 833: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 813:glass cockpit 808: 806: 801: 796: 794: 793: 784: 783: 777: 773: 771: 767: 763: 762:Canadair T-33 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 734: 720: 718: 715: 711: 707: 702: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 674:Doppler radar 671: 670:glass cockpit 667: 663: 659: 654: 652: 647: 645: 640: 637: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 613:ejector seats 610: 609:arrester hook 606: 602: 598: 594: 593:ground attack 589: 587: 586:liquid oxygen 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557:leading edges 549: 540: 538: 534: 533:arrestor hook 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 509: 507: 503: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 483:anti-shipping 480: 472: 467: 463: 461: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 433: 429: 418: 415: 409: 407: 403: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 376: 374: 370: 365: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 346:maiden flight 343: 339: 329: 325: 323: 319: 315: 306: 301: 292: 290: 286: 283: 277: 274: 269: 267: 261: 257: 253: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 221: 207: 204: 200: 196: 191: 189: 185: 180: 176: 172: 169:and advanced 168: 165: 161: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 99: 97:Primary users 95: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 60: 56: 53: 49: 44: 37: 32: 27: 22: 5679: 5561: 4685: 4531: 4530: 4494: 4490: 4467: 4455: 4440: 4425: 4418: 4400: 4393: 4373: 4366: 4357: 4342: 4336:Bibliography 4325: 4316: 4307: 4298: 4279: 4273: 4256: 4250: 4238:. Retrieved 4234:the original 4229: 4219: 4210: 4196: 4185:. Retrieved 4156:. Retrieved 4152: 4142: 4130:. Retrieved 4125: 4116: 4104:. Retrieved 4089: 4080: 4068:. Retrieved 4054: 4042:. Retrieved 4034:The Guardian 4033: 4023: 4015: 4000: 3992: 3978: 3970: 3955: 3947: 3933: 3925: 3911: 3903: 3889: 3881: 3854: 3839: 3831: 3800: 3786: 3774:. Retrieved 3768: 3758: 3745: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3703: 3689: 3676: 3666: 3658: 3643: 3635: 3621: 3613: 3599: 3591: 3576: 3564:. Retrieved 3555: 3546: 3538: 3523: 3516:The Guardian 3515: 3500: 3492: 3477: 3465:. Retrieved 3456: 3447: 3438: 3430: 3416: 3405:. Retrieved 3396: 3376: 3367:"Alpha Jet." 3351: 3337: 3329: 3315: 3307: 3281: 3273: 3259: 3251: 3236: 3227: 3213: 3205: 3191: 3183: 3169: 3160: 3148:. Retrieved 3134: 3122:. Retrieved 3108: 3100: 3085: 3077: 3062: 3054: 3040: 3032: 3007: 3002: 2966: 2961: 2953: 2926: 2918: 2904: 2896: 2871: 2844: 2830: 2822: 2808: 2800: 2765: 2756:"Alpha Jet." 2732: 2723:"Alpha Jet." 2697: 2613: 2588: 2579: 2540: 2531: 2522: 2514: 2505:"Alpha Jet." 2475: 2456:Kawasaki T-4 2419: 2418: 2407: 2406: 2322: 2317:cluster bomb 2309: 2292: 2278: 2272: 2263:Mauser BK-27 2258: 2250: 2248: 2243:Landing run: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2194:Ferry range: 2193: 2168: 2144:Stall speed: 2143: 2137: 2130: 2128: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2083:Aspect ratio 2081: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2057: 2051: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2034: 1961: 1934: 1838: 1837:- 3 (Former 1775: 1610:414 Squadron 1522: 1518: 1502: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1448: 1438: 1382: 1378: 1364: 1356: 1316: 1304:Eric Schmidt 1287: 1284:Flying Bulls 1283: 1272: 1260: 1207: 1203: 1201: 1196: 1182: 1167: 1161:receiver, a 1150: 1148: 1139: 1128:Alpha Jet 1B 1127: 1125: 1104: 1096: 1084:decapitation 1072: 1056: 1052: 1045: 1015: 1010:Kaduna State 990:Flying Bulls 989: 982: 958: 933: 908: 906: 897: 893: 889: 878: 865:RAF Fairford 825: 809: 799: 797: 790: 788: 780: 757: 749: 745: 739: 714:Mauser BK-27 698: 655: 648: 643: 633: 617:Martin-Baker 615:in place of 603:, different 590: 554: 537:landing gear 528: 524: 510: 499: 490: 478: 476: 446: 442: 438: 436: 427: 424: 410: 377: 366: 334: 310: 278: 270: 262: 258: 254: 226: 192: 187: 164:light attack 159: 157: 149:First flight 133:Manufactured 120:Number built 74:Manufacturer 55:Light attack 5567:Projekt 621 4793:Mystère III 4771:2000N/2000D 4706:Étendard VI 4701:Étendard IV 4696:Étendard II 4240:20 November 3592:Daily Trust 3219:"Ace Guard" 2451:Hongdu JL-8 2273:Hardpoints: 2267:DEFA cannon 2131:Performance 2115:Powerplant: 1901:Ivory Coast 1517:; known as 1493:Alpha Jet 3 1459:Alpha Jet 2 1451:Alpha Jet E 1441:Alpha Jet A 1433:Alpha Jet E 1399:during the 1300:Sergey Brin 1261:Swiss firm 1220:rangefinder 1216:Thomson-CSF 1099:Borno State 1092:Borno State 1080:Borno State 902:Fiat G91R/3 890:Alpha Jet A 800:Alpha Jet 3 746:Alpha Jet E 710:DEFA cannon 581:pressurised 561:aerodynamic 491:Alpha Jet 2 451:Matra Magic 439:Alpha Jet 2 314:Saint-Cloud 210:Development 206:operators. 171:jet trainer 5721:Categories 4869:Mystere 20 4864:Mystere 10 4854:Hirondelle 4849:Communauté 4798:Mystère IV 4788:Mystère II 4394:AirVectors 4187:2019-06-03 4177:"Top Aces" 3556:DefenseWeb 3407:2016-01-01 3150:3 November 3124:3 November 2479:References 2441:CASA C-101 2327:Drop tanks 2261:One 27 mm 2200:Endurance: 2076:Wing area: 1296:Larry Page 1157:system, a 1064:Boko Haram 678:hardpoints 623:(ECM) and 601:yaw damper 487:helicopter 238:supersonic 92:In service 5587:See also 5577:S-Ray 007 5562:Alpha Jet 5450:post-1945 5222:1933-1945 5100:(project) 5061:1919-1933 4993:1914-1919 4783:Mystère I 4686:Alpha Jet 4513:cite book 4434:0306-5634 4290:0306-5634 4265:0306-5634 4106:1 January 3566:1 January 3467:1 January 2515:Dassault. 2293:Missiles: 2212:g limits: 2064:Wingspan: 2036:Data from 1962:Luftwaffe 1935:Luftwaffe 1839:Luftwaffe 1828:Australia 1778:aircraft) 1776:Luftwaffe 1542:Operators 965:Fiat G.91 950:Mirage 5s 881:Luftwaffe 701:man hours 658:autopilot 644:Larzac 04 629:hardpoint 573:hydraulic 569:area rule 485:and anti- 414:composite 362:telemetry 342:Marseille 266:Fiat G.91 193:Both the 136:1973–1991 29:Alpha Jet 5747:Twinjets 5643:(Attack) 5557:Aerodyne 4691:Balzac V 4674:Military 4577:aircraft 4575:Dassault 4181:Archived 4100:Archived 4098:. ACIG. 4064:Archived 4038:Archived 4009:Archived 3986:Archived 3964:Archived 3941:Archived 3919:Archived 3897:Archived 3875:Archived 3848:Archived 3825:Archived 3750:Archived 3681:Archived 3652:Archived 3629:Archived 3607:Archived 3585:Archived 3560:Archived 3532:Archived 3509:Archived 3486:Archived 3461:Archived 3424:Archived 3401:Archived 3370:Archived 3345:Archived 3323:Archived 3301:Archived 3267:Archived 3245:Archived 3199:Archived 3177:Archived 3144:Archived 3118:Archived 3094:Archived 3071:Archived 3048:Archived 3026:Archived 2947:Archived 2912:Archived 2890:Archived 2865:Archived 2838:Archived 2816:Archived 2794:Archived 2759:Archived 2726:Archived 2691:Archived 2508:Archived 2436:BAE Hawk 2335:See also 2279:Rockets: 2251:Armament 2123:turbofan 1924:Portugal 1765:Thailand 1606:Top Aces 1576:Cameroon 1523:The Rain 1519:Al-Ghait 1407:Variants 1372:— 1275:Top Aces 1170:Top Aces 952:under a 936:Gulf War 639:turbofan 588:system. 397:Lockheed 322:Bordeaux 285:turbofan 203:Cold War 105:Top Aces 5706:B.JTh.2 5696:B.JF.13 5572:Seastar 5196:Libelle 5181:Delphin 4983:Dornier 4859:Mercure 4823:Spirale 4813:Ouragan 4716:Flamant 4583:Numeric 4158:26 June 4132:26 June 4070:3 March 3776:19 July 2070:Height: 2058:Length: 1958:QinetiQ 1878:Germany 1855:Belgium 1695:Nigeria 1672:Morocco 1552:QinetiQ 1497:Lancier 1224:databus 1110:Belgium 1026:Liberia 996:Nigeria 947:Belgian 940:Italian 929:gun pod 904:fleet. 873:England 855:Germany 706:gun pod 692:in the 664:, or a 354:Bavaria 215:Origins 128:History 5701:B.JL.2 5552:928JET 5547:728JET 5532:328JET 5522:Do 231 5512:Do 132 5507:Do 131 5492:Do 32K 5439:P.1075 5367:Do 635 5362:Do 435 5357:Do 417 5352:Do 335 5347:Do 318 5342:Do 317 5337:Do 217 5332:Do 216 5327:Do 215 5322:Do 214 5317:Do 212 5201:Merkur 5010:Rs.III 4874:Falcon 4818:Rafale 4803:nEUROn 4721:Mirage 4660:MD.610 4655:MD.550 4650:MD.455 4645:MD.454 4640:MD.453 4635:MD.452 4630:MD.450 4625:MD.415 4620:MD.410 4615:MD.320 4610:MD.316 4605:MD.315 4600:MD.312 4595:MD.311 4590:MD.303 4501: 4474: 4466:(ed). 4447: 4432: 4407: 4380: 4349: 4288: 4263: 4044:12 Dec 2446:IAR-99 2323:Other: 2310:Bombs: 2303:; 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Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet

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