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1743:. In the 1970s, Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon reflected that by contemporary standards, the early ideals of the DOB for integration and adjustment of the lesbian into society were outmoded. They also remembered that, in the 1950s and early 1960s, many gay men and lesbians considered those ideals unreachable and this approach radical. The DOB never had the number of members comparable to the Mattachine Society's. Although some may have considered the DOB's ideals unrealistic, some also considered them too tame.
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1828:, held a fund-raising ball for their mutual benefit at California Hall on Polk Street. Although San Francisco police had agreed not to interfere, on the evening of the ball, the police showed up in force and surrounded the California Hall. They focused numerous klieg lights on the entrance and photographed each of the 600-plus persons who entered. Numerous police vans were parked in plain view near the entrance to the ball, further intimidating attendees.
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founding couples met on
September 21, 1955. Attendees included: Rose Bamberger and Rosemary Sliepen, Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon, Marcia Foster and her partner June, and Noni Frey and her partner Mary. Rose and Rosemary, who were both working class and employed at brush-manufacturing factories, hosted the meeting in their home. The founding members wanted to have a place to dance, as dancing with the same sex in a public place was illegal.
1762:. In 1963 two events happened that changed the course of the organization. The group received a windfall when an anonymous donor (who refused for her name to be recorded, and known to the DOB only as "Pennsylvania") began donating large sums of money to the group: $ 100,000 over five years. "Pennsylvania" wrote $ 3,000 checks to different DOB members, who in turn signed them over to the organization. Barbara Gittings took over as editor of
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1921:(NACHO), was the turning point where women's issues in the DOB began to have more importance to its members than gay issues. It was the largest convention DOB had yet organized, publicized in mass media all over San Francisco, and attended by a large panel of nationally known speakers. Many of the presentations focused on topics that were exclusively male-centered.
1992:. She removed the subtitle "A Lesbian Review" from the cover, placed there in 1964 by Gittings, in order to attract more women readers. She doubled the size of the magazine, expanding every section, and devoted much of the space in the magazine to feminist ideals. She reported the first DOB chapter in
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organized gay rights demonstrations as well as educational programs for DOB members during the period of 1969â71. Several times when NYC police, without warrants, illegally entered DOB's lesbian center in lower
Manhattan, Simpson stood between the police and the DOB women. On three occasions she was
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Two hundred women attended the conference, as did the San
Francisco police, who came to check if any of the DOB members were wearing men's clothes. Del Martin brought them inside to see all the women wearing dresses, stockings and heels. The attendees listened to speakers, including a debate between
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was an act of courage, since members always had to fear that they were under attack, not because of what they did, but merely because of who they were." The
Daughters of Bilitis endured for 40 years, becoming an educational resource for lesbians, gay men, researchers and mental health professionals.
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Early DOB members felt they had to follow two contradictory approaches: trying to recruit interested potential members and being secretive. Martin and Lyon justified the name, writing later, "If anyone asked us, we could always say we belong to a poetry club." They also designed a pin to wear to be
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Martin and Lyon recalled later, "Women needed privacy...not only from the watchful eye of the police, but from gaping tourists in the bars and from inquisitive parents and families." Although unsure of exactly how to proceed with the group, the women began to meet regularly, realized they should be
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Dozens of other lesbian and feminist organizations were created in the wake of the
Daughters of Bilitis. However, the influence of the 14-year run of the DOB on the lives of women was described by historian Martin Meeker thusly: "The DOB succeeded in linking hundreds of lesbians across the country
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Soon after forming, the DOB wrote a mission statement that addressed the most significant problem Martin and Lyon had faced as a couple: the complete lack of information about female homosexuality in what historian Martin Meeker termed "the most fundamental journey a lesbian has to make." When the
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Previous editors Martin, Lyon, Gittings, and Sandoz considered the act a theft. Because LaPorte took the list over state lines, pursuing it would have been a federal matter, and the
Daughters did not have the resources to see it through. Grier severed ties with DOB leadership and in doing so took
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frequently contributed, also urging political action. Some readers responded positively to Kameny, who in a speech declared homosexuals as normal as heterosexuals; some were put off by the political tone. Others were angered by Kameny, as a man, suggesting to them what they should do. DOB leaders
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tried to stop the police from conducting the fourth "inspection" of the evening; both were arrested along with two heterosexual lawyers, Elliott
Leighton and Nancy May, who were supporting the rights of participants to gather at the ball. Twenty-five of the most prominent lawyers in San Francisco
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was making the city safe for "sex deviants". Wolden's campaign distributed materials that stated, "You parents of daughters â do not sit back complacently feeling that because you have no boys in your family everything is all right... To enlighten you as to the existence of a
Lesbian organization
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Barbara
Gittings recalled that even years later, in preparation for a national convention, members of the DOB persuaded a woman who had worn men's clothing all her life "to deck herself out in as 'feminine' a manner as she could... Everyone rejoiced over this as though some great victory had been
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Within a year of the group's creation, most of the original eight members were no longer active, but overall numbers had increased to 16. The women decided they wanted to be more than a social alternative to bars. Several working-class women of the original members were not comfortable with being
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had been lovers for three years when they complained to a gay male couple that they did not know any other lesbians. The gay couple introduced Martin and Lyon to another lesbian couple, one of whom, a
Filipina woman named Rosalie "Rose" Bamberger, suggested they create a social club. The original
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Education of the variant...to enable her to understand herself and make her adjustment to society...this to be accomplished by establishing...a library...on the sex deviant theme; by sponsoring public discussions...to be conducted by leading members of the legal, psychiatric, religious and other
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and gays and lesbians. They urged the DOB to join the organization as well, but a previous rule precluded the DOB from joining separate organizations. (This had been established under earlier conditions, primarily to ensure it would not join organizations that sympathized with Communist aims.)
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Tensions increased because problems in organization of the national governing board increased, while local chapters were unable to take action on issues important to them without national approval. Some members became disillusioned and left, and younger lesbians were more attracted to feminist
1944:, and visitation. Feeling as if their issues were not being addressed by homophile organizations, because many members of the DOB felt that homophile organizations did not address their issues, they began to emphasize that lesbians had more in common with heterosexual women than with gay men.
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writes of the shift in DOB members, "They recognized that many women felt shame about their sexual desires and were afraid to admit them. They knew that...without support to develop the self-confidence necessary to advocate for one's rights, no social change would be possible for lesbians."
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was the primary method of communication from the leadership of the DOB to individual chapters, the editorship was extremely influential. Gittings made significant changes to the magazine, emphasizing an increase in visibility for the DOB. Specifically, she wanted to align the DOB with the
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The Daughters were also affected by the changing times. Younger members did not share the concerns of older members; they were more moved by revolutionary tactics. (Though not all older members in the DOB were anti-radical; for example, as president of the New York chapter of the DOB,
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activism, the leadership decided it was more prudent and productive to convince heterosexual society at large that gays were not different and did not comprise a threat, rather than to agitate for change. In 1953 they changed their focus and started to become more politically active.
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resulted in increasing concerns in the United States about potential communists in the US government, and vulnerability of civil and political workers to threats from communists due to their personal lives. Congress began to require the registration of members of "subversive groups."
1565:, the first nationally distributed lesbian publication in the U.S. It was one of the first to publish statistics on lesbians, as the pair surveyed their readers in 1958 and 1964, and compiled and published the results. Martin was the first president and Lyon became the editor of
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In 1964, Martin and Lyon began to control less of the organization, saying, "We felt that if the organization had any validity at all it couldn't be based on two people, it had to be able to stand and grow on its own. And it was never going to do it if we didn't move out."
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had given subscribers that their names would be kept confidential, LaPorte took the list of 3,800 names from DOB headquarters and the printers without telling anyone but Grier. When Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon discovered it was missing, they believed the police or
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dress and role play among DOB members. As early as 1955 members made a rule that women who attended meetings, if wearing pants, should be wearing women's slacks. However, many women remember this rule was seldom observed; at many meetings women were wearing
1712:, to which they listened politely. The DOB gave awards to men who were allied with them, whom they called "Sons of Bilitis", or SOBs. These included their lawyer, photographer, and members of the Mattachine Society who assisted them with the convention.
1665:, an attempt to protect it from getting into the hands of anyone who might use it against the subscribers. DOB leaders moved the list from its headquarters and later learned that San Francisco police had searched their office after its removal. Even the
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to direct a jab at Russell Wolden and publicize the convention, writing: "Russ Wolden, if no one else, will be interested to learn that the Daughters of Bilitis will hold their nat'l convention here May 27â30. They're the female counterparts of the
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club realized they were not allowed to advertise their meetings in the local newspaper, Lyon and Martin, who both had backgrounds in journalism, began to print a newsletter to distribute to as many women as the group knew. In October 1956 it became
1692:â and one of the convention highlights will be an address by Atty. Morris Lowenthal titled, 'The Gay Bar in the Courts.' Oh brother. I mean sister. Come to think of it, I don't know what I mean...." The blurb was reprinted in the March issue of
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The DOB advertised as "A Woman's Organization for the purpose of Promoting the Integration of the Homosexual into Society." Their mission statement was composed of four parts; it was printed on the inside of the cover of every issue of
1985:, who had been contributing to the magazine as a book reviewer and poetry writer. Grier edited the magazine from Kansas City. She was a relative newcomer to the workings of the DOB, despite contributing to the magazine since 1957.
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away the Daughters' primary method of communication from the national organization to its individual chapters. As a national organization, the Daughters of Bilitis folded in 1970. Some local chapters still continued until 1995.
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joined the defense team for the four lawyers. When the case came to court, the judge directed the jury to find the four not guilty before the defense had begun their argumentation. This event has been called "San Francisco's
1555:. Upon arrival at a meeting, attendees would be greeted at the door. In a show of good faith, the greeter would say, "I'm ---. Who are you? You don't have to give me your real name, not even your real first name."
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The complete surviving organizational records of the national office and the San Francisco Chapter of the Daughters of Bilitis are available to researchers as part of the Phyllis Lyon and Del Martin Papers at the
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Del Martin has written that the Daughters of Bilitis was a feminist organization from the beginning, focusing on the problems of women as well as problems of the female homosexual; however, in the mid-1960s
1843:" by some historians; the participation of such prominent litigators in the defense of Smith, Donaldson and the other two lawyers marked a turning point in gay rights on the west coast of the United States.
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Boston's The History Project archive houses the Boston Daughters of Bilitis Collection, which contains the Boston chapter's organization records, as well as the publication records of Boston DOB's magazine
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alongside Sappho. The women chose the name for its obscurity; even Martin and Lyon did not know what it meant. "Daughters" was meant to evoke association with other American social associations such as the
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called for lesbian women to be more politically active. "If we ever hope to win our battle, we must fight. First, unshackle ourselves from fear, for it alone is our omnipresent enemy," read the report.
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period after Barbara Gittings left. Sandoz became burdened by the responsibilities of the job, which adversely affected her primary personal relationship. In 1968 she passed the editing duties on to
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organized, and quickly elected Martin as president. From the start they also focused on educating other women about lesbians to reduce self-loathing resulting from the socially repressive times.
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with one another and gathering them into a distinctly modern communication network that was mediated through print and, consequently, imagination, rather than sight, sound, smell, and touch."
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1778:(ECHO), a coalition of other social and political clubs for gays and lesbians. ECHO was established in January 1962, with its formative membership including the DOB chapter in New York, the
1723:, a nationally syndicated show. This was probably the first American national broadcast that specifically covered lesbianism. The DOB held further conventions every two years until 1968.
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for men and women. More specifically in San Francisco, where the Daughters of Bilitis was later founded, police on September 8, 1954 raided lesbian bars such as Adler and Tommy's Place.
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But the DOB did collaborate with the CRH at times. Most notably, on the eve of January 1, 1965, several homophile organizations in San Francisco, including the DOB, the CRH, the
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Investigation of the penal code as it pertain to the homosexual, proposal of changes,...and promotion of these changes through the due process of law in the state legislatures.
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Participation in research projects by duly authorized and responsible psychologists, sociologists, and other such experts directed towards further knowledge of the homosexual.
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But in 1962 at the Daughters' second convention, national president Jaye Bell again argued for the pragmatic approach of integration and patience with slow change in the
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was curious enough to attend DOB meetings; an agent reported in 1959, "The purpose of the DOB is to educate the public to accept the Lesbian homosexual into society."
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2900:"Coll. 011: Boston Daughters of Bilitis Collection and Focus/Maiden Voyage Publication Finding Aid · Documented | Digital Collections of the History Project"
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In 1960, the DOB held their first convention in San Francisco. Press releases announcing the convention were sent to local radio and newspapers, prompting
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noted that the word "variant" was used instead of "lesbian" in the mission statement because the term "lesbian" in 1956 had a very negative connotation.
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Audiences were getting impatient with psychiatrists telling them they were mentally ill. In 1964 at an ECHO convention, featured speaker, psychologist
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Writing Desire: The Love Letters of Frieda Fraser and Edith WilliamsâCorrespondence and Lesbian Subjectivity in Early Twentieth Century Canada
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corporation status in 1957, writing a description so vague, Phyllis Lyon remembered, "it could have been a charter for a cat-raising club."
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must be saved, Grier worked with DOB president Rita LaPorte to take the subscriber list from the DOB headquarters in San Francisco to
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had not previously had) and subscriptions. When the $ 3,000 checks from "Pennsylvania" written to the DOB stopped coming, by 1972,
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2060:, a nonprofit archives and research center in San Francisco. An online finding aid provides a detailed catalog of the collection.
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Esterberg, Kristen. "From Accommodation to Liberation: A Social Movement Analysis of Lesbians in the Homophile Movement."
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In the 1959 mayoral race in San Francisco, challenger Russell Wolden made homosexuality a public issues, claiming that
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hosts the Red Dot Collection, which consists of the library of the New York City chapter of the Daughters of Bilitis.
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accomplished... Today we would be horrified at anyone who thought this kind of evangelism had a legitimate purpose."
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disliked Kameny and disagreed with Gittings's decisions for the magazine, and she was let go as editor in 1966.
1858:, an African American, was elected as the DOB's national president.) Higher profile members of the DOB, such as
1940:. Willer noted that problems specific to lesbians were job security and advancement, and family relationships,
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In 1961 the largest raid on a gay bar in San Francisco resulted in the arrests of 100 people. In a raid in
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that she called "Living Propaganda", encouraging women to come out to their friends and family members.
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Different Daughters: A History of the Daughters of Bilitis and the Rise of the Lesbian Rights Movement
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Different Daughters: A History of the Daughters of Bilitis and the Rise of the Lesbian Rights Movement
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became a much higher priority to many of the members. In 1966, Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon joined the
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1431:, as the practice was illegal). A succession of increasingly repressive acts followed, which included
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Barbara Gittings and Kay Tobin Lahusen gay history papers and photographs, 1855-2009 (bulk 1963-2007)
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Historian Martin Meeker notes that the 1966 DOB convention, a 10-day affair joining the DOB with the
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priest who "served up damnation with dessert". He went on a "tirade" telling the audience they were
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The second national convention, held in 1962, was notable for being covered on television on the
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Education of the public...leading to an eventual breakdown of erroneous taboos and prejudices...
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As the DOB gained members, their focus shifted to providing support to women who were afraid to
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composed of homosexual women, make yourself acquainted with the name Daughters of Bilitis."
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the dismissal of federal, state and local government employees suspected of being homosexual
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Alternate Channels: The Uncensored Story of Gay and Lesbian Images on Radio and Television,
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Daughters of Bilitis, Boston Chapter Records, 1974â1986 (1 linear foot) are housed at the
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more public and left to form two secret groups for lesbians: Quatrefoil and Hale Aikane.
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The Daughters of Bilitis followed this conservative model by encouraging its members to
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Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000; reprinted by Temple University Press, 2004.
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Willer, Shirley. "What Concrete Steps Can Be taken to Further the Homophile movement?"
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and to becoming politically active. The DOB educated them about their rights and about
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This article is about the American organization. For the Australian organization, see
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Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth Century America
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houses a partial collection of digitized publications of the Daughters' publication,
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two attorneys about the legality and morality of gay bars, a presentation by the
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declared homosexuals to be security risks (because of perceived vulnerability to
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City of Sisterly and Brotherly Loves: Lesbian and Gay Philadelphia, 1945-1972,
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Before Stonewall: Activists for Gay and Lesbian Rights in Historical Context.
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Lyon, Phyllis. "S.F. Election Aftermath" The Ladder; 1959 vol. 4 issue 3: p.23
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There were still only two copies of the subscription list. Despite assurances
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professions; by advocating a mode of behavior and dress acceptable to society.
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2275:"Research Guides: LGBTQ+ Studies: A Resource Guide: The Daughters of Bilitis"
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in 1955, was initially conceived as a secret social club, an alternative to
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Contacts Desired: Gay and Lesbian Communications and Community, 1940s-1970s
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Soares, Manueala. "The Purloined Ladder: Its Place in Lesbian History."
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is the name given to a fictional lesbian contemporary of the Greek poet
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Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the present.
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also houses a partial collection, including Volumes 1-2 and 9â16.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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able to identify with others, chose club colors and voted on the
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appeared that expressed exasperation with the DOB's emphasis on
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Hoover's War on Gays: Exposing the FBI's "Sex Deviates" Program
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1958:
1515:", French for "on alert". The organization filed a charter for
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organization in the United States. The organization, formed in
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2864:; Online Archive of California; retrieved September 20, 2012.
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2824:(The Haworth Press, Inc.) Vol. 34, No. 3/4, 1998, pp. 27-49.
2686:(7 Symposium on Sexual Orientation and the Law): 1551â1641.
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organizations. By the time the 1968 convention was held in
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cited by police and required to go to court appearances.)
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to be a psychopath!" a comment that was met with applause.
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By 1959 additional chapters of the DOB had been founded in
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The Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society
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The DOB kept only two copies of the subscription list of
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Wide Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965
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Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.
2676:"Litigating for Lesbian and Gay Rights: A Legal History"
2004:. In 1970, convinced that the DOB was falling apart and
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to do the same, reporting they got a family discount.
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3837:
LGBTQ political advocacy groups in the United States
2889:. PBS. February 26, 2007. Accessed January 13, 2013.
2100:
1919:
North American Conference of Homophile Organizations
1331:
1325:
1316:
3812:
Lesbian feminist organizations in the United States
2376:
2374:
2372:
1322:
3832:History of LGBTQ civil rights in the United States
1782:chapters in New York and Washington D.C., and the
1476:The group named the club at their second meeting.
1394:declared, "Its very establishment in the midst of
3190:LGTBQ Places in Los Angeles: Daughters of Bilitis
1850:was also influenced by gains of activism of the
3773:
2369:
2083:The University of California, Berkeley Libraries
1415:, the rise of the Soviet Union and start of the
3228:Early LGBT rights advocacy in the United States
2397:
2395:
1634:There was ongoing debate over the propriety of
1607:The early gay rights movement, then called the
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
3212:
1793:, stated that "the exclusive homosexual is a
1287:
2776:
2774:
2392:
2784:, Vol. 8, No. 3, (Sep. 1994), pp. 424-443.
2635:
2503:
2442:" at glbtq.com. Retrieved November 11, 2007
3219:
3205:
3071:. Washington, D.C.: Take Root Media, 2007.
2165:History of lesbianism in the United States
2050:
1924:In a November 1966 essay by DOB president
1294:
1280:
1029:Azalea: A Magazine by Third World Lesbians
493:Connexxus Women's Center/Centro de Mujeres
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2771:
1996:in 1969 and attempts to form chapters in
1059:Amazones d'Hier, Lesbiennes d'Aujourd'hui
18:First American lesbian civil rights group
3157:, University of California Press, 2003.
2427:
2425:
1862:, Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon, began to
1808:Martin and Lyon joined the newly formed
1627:as much as possible into the prevailing
1447:; and the enactment of laws prohibiting
1435:; politically motivated police raids on
1231:Paris Lesbian and Feminist Film Festival
3741:ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives
2619:Shotwell, Jody. "ECHO convention '63."
2089:This collection includes Volumes 5â16.
1964:
1961:, fewer than two dozen women attended.
1672:
688:Lesbians in the Spanish Second Republic
3774:
3252:Council on Religion and the Homosexual
3108:Daughters of Bilitis papers, 1960-1965
3000:. Carrol & Graf Publishers, 2006.
2805:
2192:
1810:Council on Religion and the Homosexual
1730:
3200:
3110:(0.25 linear feet) are housed at the
3021:. University of Chicago Press, 2006.
3014:. Crowell Publishers; 1976 0690011652
2552:
2422:
3827:Lesbian history in the United States
3802:Organizations disestablished in 1970
3792:1970 disestablishments in California
3559:The Phoenix: Midwest Homophile Voice
3173:Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities,
3142:On Important Pre-Stonewall Activists
2706:
2673:
2667:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2193:Perdue, Katherine Anne (June 2014).
2043:had run out of funds and it folded.
1812:(CRH) to develop a dialogue between
1501:Daughters of the American Revolution
3120:(79 linear feet) are housed at the
2976:. University Press of Kansas, 2015.
2867:
2272:
1896:
13:
3175:University of Chicago Press, 1983.
3045:
2960:Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement
2674:Cain, Patricia A. (October 1993).
2656:New York: Vintage Books. pp. 348.
1776:East Coast Homophile Organizations
855:Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold
845:The Straight Mind and Other Essays
543:Leeds Revolutionary Feminist Group
14:
3858:
3797:Organizations established in 1955
3787:1955 establishments in California
3761:LGBTQ rights in the United States
3128:
3112:University of Minnesota Libraries
2261:
2012:and expand the magazine further.
1735:In 1960, letters from readers in
865:Your Silence Will Not Protect You
473:Atlanta Lesbian Feminist Alliance
2768:, Nov 1966, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p1.
2513:; Jun 1960, Vol. 4 Issue 9, p24.
2491:, Mar 1960, Vol. 4 Issue 6, p26.
2290:
2140:Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)
2117:
2103:
1312:
1263:
503:Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)
165:
36:
25:Daughters of Bilitis (Australia)
3317:Veterans Benevolent Association
2952:
2927:
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2845:
2836:
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2796:
2787:
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2623:, Dec 1963, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p8.
2613:
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2592:
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2561:
2546:
2525:
2516:
2509:Sanders, Helen. "Impressions."
2494:
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2383:
2360:
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2330:, Oct 1958, Vol. 3 Issue 1, p4.
1988:Grier had high aspirations for
1908:National Organization for Women
1611:, was centered around the male
1211:Michigan Womyn's Music Festival
825:Zami: A New Spelling of My Name
573:Lesbian Organization of Toronto
3842:LGBTQ history in San Francisco
3822:History of women in California
3051:Martin, Del and Phyllis Lyon.
2937:. Alexander Street Press. 2010
2320:
2311:
2302:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2186:
1702:American Civil Liberties Union
1049:Onyx: Black Lesbian Newsletter
608:Sisters for Homophile Equality
533:June L. Mazer Lesbian Archives
513:First Black Lesbian Conference
478:Bi-National Lesbian Conference
1:
3817:Lesbian culture in California
3545:Focus: A Journal for Lesbians
3287:Metropolitan Community Church
3069:From the Closet to the Courts
2206:. p. 276. Archived from
2175:
2125:San Francisco Bay Area portal
2031:Grier also effectively ended
1822:Society for Individual Rights
1406:
578:Lesbians Against Pit Closures
3167:Harrington Park Press, 2002.
458:Amazon Bookstore Cooperative
7:
3807:20th century in Los Angeles
3403:Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon
2589:Apr61, Vol. 5 Issue 7, p21.
2096:
1595:New York chapter president
1461:Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon
1221:Mountain Moving Coffeehouse
683:Lesbians in Francoist Spain
558:Lesbian Feminist Liberation
366:Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon
177:Women's liberation movement
139:Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon
10:
3863:
3192:, Los Angeles Conservancy.
3076:February 10, 2009, at the
2962:. Twayne Publishers; 1987
2535:pg. 43. Ballantine Books.
2091:Alexander Street Libraries
1602:
1522:
1454:
1361:civil and political rights
1099:Journal of Lesbian Studies
1039:Common Lives/Lesbian Lives
929:The Woman-Identified Woman
643:Compulsory heterosexuality
583:Lincoln Legion of Lesbians
568:Lesbian Movement (Denmark)
483:Chicago Lesbian Liberation
99:civil and political rights
22:
3735:Minorities Research Group
3715:Garden of Allah (cabaret)
3682:
3656:
3622:MANual Enterprises v. Day
3575:
3522:
3421:
3373:
3325:
3239:
2879:January 20, 2018, at the
2874:Lesbian Herstory Archives
2860:GLBT Historical Society.
2721:(New York: Harper, 1976)
2585:D. S. "Readers Respond."
2557:. Seal Press. p. 97.
2553:Gallo, Marcia M. (2007).
2170:Minorities Research Group
2065:Lesbian Herstory Archives
1878:. Gittings, as editor of
1471:
1251:Women's Week Provincetown
593:Oregon Women's Land Trust
563:Lesbian Herstory Archives
488:Combahee River Collective
132:
122:
104:
91:
81:
65:
50:
35:
3647:Compton's Cafeteria riot
3312:Student Homophile League
3307:Society for Human Rights
2822:Journal of Homosexuality
2531:Capsuto, Steven (2000).
2202:(PhD). Toronto, Canada:
2180:
1371:, which were subject to
668:Gender-critical feminism
3267:Homophile Action League
3247:Columbia Queer Alliance
3122:New York Public Library
2842:Faderman, chapters 8-10
2058:GLBT Historical Society
2051:Organizational archives
1973:had taken over editing
1910:, and urged readers of
1760:criminal justice system
1680:San Francisco Chronicle
1494:. Bilitis lived on the
979:Lesbian Feminist Circle
523:Gay Women's Alternative
346:Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz
3847:Women in San Francisco
3782:1950s in LGBTQ history
3629:Fun Lounge police raid
2986:. Penguin Books; 1991
2326:"And Now We Are 3..."
1149:Hannah Gadsby: Nanette
1069:Dykes to Watch Out For
3595:Pullman porter affair
2652:Miller, Neil (1995).
2431:Theophano, Theresa. "
2024:had confiscated it.
1852:civil rights movement
518:The Furies Collective
411:Margaret Sloan-Hunter
3746:Oscar Wilde Bookshop
3690:Athletic Model Guild
3589:Harvard Secret Court
3375:Daughters of Bilitis
3277:Knights of the Clock
3257:Daughters of Bilitis
3153:Boyd, Nan Alamilla.
3136:The Songs of Bilitis
3012:Gay American History
2972:Charles, Douglas M.
2433:Daughters of Bilitis
2231:Faderman, p. 190-191
1969:Longtime DOB member
1965:Controversial ending
1673:National conventions
1491:The Songs of Bilitis
1308:Daughters of Bilitis
1201:Lesbian pulp fiction
703:Political lesbianism
498:Daughters of Bilitis
31:Daughters of Bilitis
3615:Cooper Do-nuts Riot
3608:One, Inc. v. Olesen
3583:Newport sex scandal
3494:Richard L. Schlegel
3099:Schlesinger Library
2851:Meeker, p. 114
2680:Virginia Law Review
2610:Jan. 26-Sep 1, 1963
1731:Change in direction
1484:by the French poet
1345:), also called the
1270:Feminism portal
969:Dykes & Gorgons
713:Separatist feminism
658:Feminist separatism
548:Lesbian Art Project
32:
3725:Henry Gerber House
3710:Homophile movement
3444:Charles Henri Ford
3327:Mattachine Society
3282:Mattachine Society
3161:Bullough, Vern L.
3041:. Arno Press, 1975
2782:Gender and Society
2755:Meeker, p. 228-229
2487:"Here and There."
2438:2011-06-29 at the
2160:Homophile Movement
1876:Mattachine Society
1848:homophile movement
1826:Mattachine Society
1814:organized religion
1780:Mattachine Society
1690:Mattachine Society
1655:George Christopher
1613:Mattachine Society
1609:Homophile Movement
1196:Lesbian literature
999:Lesbian Connection
708:Radical lesbianism
598:Salsa Soul Sisters
381:Ruth Mountaingrove
216:Evelyn Torton Beck
124:Official language
30:
3769:
3768:
3103:Radcliffe College
3085:978-0-9800590-0-7
3039:The Gay Crusaders
2980:Faderman, Lillian
2737:Gallo, p, 131-132
1721:Confidential File
1488:in his 1894 work
1400:police harassment
1377:police harassment
1304:
1303:
1236:Peg's Place (bar)
1216:Motherpeace Tarot
1169:Actions and ideas
1160:
1159:
673:Lesbian bed death
271:Stormé DeLarverie
221:Miriam Ben-Shalom
206:Ti-Grace Atkinson
144:
143:
3854:
3720:Julius (NYC bar)
3700:Black Cat Tavern
3601:Hazel's Inn raid
3459:Aristide Laurent
3388:Barbara Gittings
3221:
3214:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3171:D'Emilio, John.
3092:Archival sources
3017:Meeker, Martin.
3010:Katz, Jonathan.
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2075:, later renamed
1897:Rise of feminism
1872:State Department
1860:Barbara Gittings
1597:Barbara Gittings
1425:State Department
1392:Lillian Faderman
1344:
1343:
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1241:Some Prefer Cake
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815:The Wanderground
810:
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790:
785:Le Corps Lesbien
780:
760:
759:
738:Womyn-born womyn
698:Lipstick lesbian
553:Lesbian Avengers
431:Bonnie Zimmerman
376:Bonnie J. Morris
321:Donna Gottschalk
296:Lillian Faderman
196:Paula Gunn Allen
169:
159:Lesbian feminism
146:
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3730:LGBTQ movements
3678:
3673:The Homosexuals
3652:
3635:Annual Reminder
3571:
3518:
3417:
3369:
3321:
3235:
3232:Stonewall riots
3225:
3131:
3078:Wayback Machine
3067:Simpson, Ruth.
3048:
3046:Further reading
2996:Gallo, Marcia.
2955:
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2933:
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2881:Wayback Machine
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2213:on May 25, 2017
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678:Lesbian erasure
648:Corrective rape
638:Butch and femme
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588:Mujeres Creando
538:Lavender Menace
468:Artemis Singers
447:
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421:Cris Williamson
336:Sheila Jeffreys
291:Elana Dykewomon
236:Charlotte Bunch
201:Dorothy Allison
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2273:Metcalf, Meg.
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1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1143:(2007âpresent)
1135:
1133:(2002âpresent)
1125:
1123:(2000âpresent)
1115:
1105:
1103:(1997âpresent)
1095:
1093:(1994âpresent)
1085:
1079:Hothead Paisan
1075:
1065:
1063:(1982âpresent)
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1023:(1976âpresent)
1015:
1005:
1003:(1974âpresent)
995:
985:
975:
965:
955:
949:Lavender Woman
945:
935:
925:
915:
905:
895:
882:
881:
875:
874:
872:
871:
861:
851:
841:
831:
821:
811:
801:
795:Lesbian Nation
791:
781:
770:
767:
766:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
746:
745:
740:
735:
733:U-Haul lesbian
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
616:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
528:Gouines rouges
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
449:
448:
443:
442:
439:
438:
434:
433:
428:
426:Monique Wittig
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
401:Janice Raymond
398:
396:Julia Penelope
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
371:CherrĂe Moraga
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
326:Sarah Hoagland
323:
318:
313:
311:Michiyo Fukaya
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
286:Andrea Dworkin
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
256:Jeanne CĂłrdova
253:
248:
246:Michelle Cliff
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
211:Alison Bechdel
208:
203:
198:
192:
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
180:
179:
171:
170:
162:
161:
155:
154:
142:
141:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
106:
102:
101:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
77:(last chapter)
67:
63:
62:
52:
48:
47:
41:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3859:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
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3744:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:DOB Australia
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Black Cat Bar
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3641:Julius sip-in
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3599:
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3578:
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3532:
3528:
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3525:
3521:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:Craig Rodwell
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:Reed Erickson
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:Barbara Grier
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:Dale Jennings
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:Janus Society
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:Organizations
3238:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3180:Stein, Marc.
3178:
3176:
3174:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3061:0-912078-91-X
3058:
3054:
3053:Lesbian/Woman
3050:
3049:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:0-226-51735-7
3024:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:0-7867-1634-7
3003:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:0-14-017122-3
2989:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2968:0-8057-9714-9
2965:
2961:
2958:Adam, Barry.
2957:
2956:
2936:
2930:
2915:
2909:
2901:
2895:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2863:
2857:
2848:
2839:
2833:Gallo, p. 161
2830:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2802:Gallo, p. 145
2799:
2793:Gallo, p. 142
2790:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2767:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2728:
2727:0-06-091211-1
2724:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2629:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2608:ECHO Monthly,
2604:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2576:Meeker, p. 83
2573:
2564:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2541:0-345-41243-5
2538:
2534:
2528:
2519:
2512:
2506:
2497:
2490:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2448:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2389:Meeker, p. 79
2386:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2363:
2354:
2348:Meeker, p. 78
2345:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2317:Meeker, p. 77
2314:
2305:
2298:
2297:public domain
2280:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2115:
2112:
2101:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:Maiden Voyage
2068:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1983:Barbara Grier
1980:
1977:following an
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1942:child custody
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1832:Evander Smith
1829:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1784:Janus Society
1781:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1726:
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1718:
1713:
1711:
1707:
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1697:
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1578:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:New York City
1537:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1439:all over the
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:In 1950, the
1421:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:San Francisco
1362:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1309:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:Women's music
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:Lesbian flags
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1165:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1090:
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1080:
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1031:
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1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1001:
1000:
996:
991:
990:
986:
981:
980:
976:
971:
970:
966:
961:
960:
956:
951:
950:
946:
941:
940:
939:Off Our Backs
936:
931:
930:
926:
921:
920:
916:
911:
910:
906:
901:
900:
896:
891:
890:
886:
885:
884:
883:
880:
877:
876:
867:
866:
862:
857:
856:
852:
847:
846:
842:
837:
836:
835:Lesbian/Woman
832:
827:
826:
822:
817:
816:
812:
807:
806:
802:
797:
796:
792:
787:
786:
782:
777:
776:
772:
771:
769:
768:
765:
762:
761:
753:
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744:
741:
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726:
724:
721:
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714:
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709:
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704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
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681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
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636:
634:
631:
630:
623:
622:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
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579:
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574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
508:The Feminists
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
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461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
446:
441:
440:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
416:Barbara Smith
414:
412:
409:
407:
406:Adrienne Rich
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
341:Jill Johnston
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
276:Diane DiMassa
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
241:Cheryl Clarke
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
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189:
184:
183:
178:
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164:
163:
160:
157:
156:
152:
148:
147:
140:
137:
131:
127:
121:
118:
117:United States
114:
110:
109:San Francisco
107:
103:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
68:
64:
53:
49:
44:
39:
34:
26:
21:
16:
3756:Tavern Guild
3665:The Rejected
3663:
3620:
3606:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3531:The Advocate
3529:
3523:Publications
3509:Randy Wicker
3504:Parker Tyler
3464:W. Dorr Legg
3454:Morris Kight
3449:Henry Gerber
3439:Arthur Evans
3408:Ruth Simpson
3374:
3365:Jack Nichols
3360:Frank Kameny
3345:James Gruber
3256:
3189:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3135:
3091:
3090:
3068:
3052:
3038:
3018:
3011:
2997:
2983:
2973:
2959:
2953:Bibliography
2939:. Retrieved
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2914:"The Ladder"
2908:
2894:
2884:
2869:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2821:
2798:
2789:
2781:
2765:
2760:
2751:
2746:Tobin, p. 59
2742:
2733:
2716:
2708:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2653:
2632:Tobin, p. 53
2628:
2620:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2598:Gallo, p. 83
2594:
2586:
2581:
2572:
2567:Gallo, p. 55
2563:
2554:
2548:
2532:
2527:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2496:
2488:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2460:Katz, p. 429
2456:
2451:Gallo, p. 24
2447:
2415:
2406:
2401:Katz, p. 426
2385:
2366:Gallo, p. 17
2362:
2357:Tobin, p. 52
2353:
2344:
2335:
2327:
2322:
2313:
2308:Tobin, p. 50
2304:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2208:the original
2195:
2188:
2155:Ruth Simpson
2145:Beth Elliott
2132:
2111:LGBTQ portal
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2005:
1989:
1987:
1974:
1971:Helen Sandoz
1968:
1955:
1950:Ruth Simpson
1946:
1934:solicitation
1923:
1916:
1911:
1900:
1890:Frank Kameny
1888:
1883:
1879:
1845:
1830:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1791:Albert Ellis
1788:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1720:
1714:
1698:
1693:
1678:
1676:
1662:
1660:
1649:
1645:
1633:
1629:heterosexual
1622:
1606:
1594:
1577:until 1970:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1553:Rhode Island
1538:
1533:Marcia Gallo
1530:
1526:
1512:
1505:
1489:
1486:Pierre LouĂżs
1477:
1475:
1466:
1458:
1422:
1413:World War II
1410:
1390:. Historian
1381:
1369:lesbian bars
1350:
1346:
1307:
1305:
1206:Maud's (bar)
1147:
1137:
1127:
1117:
1109:Jane's World
1107:
1097:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
997:
987:
977:
967:
959:Lesbian Tide
957:
947:
937:
927:
917:
907:
897:
889:Die Freundin
887:
878:
863:
853:
843:
833:
823:
813:
803:
793:
783:
773:
763:
743:Womyn's land
497:
386:Jean O'Leary
316:Carolyn Gage
306:Marilyn Frye
251:Kate Clinton
226:Julie Bindel
105:Headquarters
42:
20:
15:
3637:(1965â1969)
3499:Drew Shafer
3489:José Sarria
3479:Clark Polak
3429:Merton Bird
3398:Kay Lahusen
2886:In the Life
2410:Gallo, p. 3
2339:Gallo, p. 2
2240:Adam, p. 57
2150:Cleo Bonner
2087:The Ladder;
2002:Scandinavia
1998:New Zealand
1868:White House
1856:Cleo Bonner
1854:. (In 1964
1725:Cleo Bonner
1545:Los Angeles
1396:witch-hunts
1388:gay history
1186:Lesbian bar
1113:(1998â2018)
1083:(1991â1998)
1073:(1983â2008)
1053:(1982â1984)
1043:(1980â1996)
1033:(1977â1983)
1013:(1976â1990)
993:(1974â1984)
989:WomanSpirit
983:(1973â1986)
973:(1973â1976)
963:(1971â1980)
953:(1971â1976)
943:(1970â2008)
923:(1963-1972)
919:Arena Three
913:(1956â1972)
903:(1947â1948)
893:(1924â1933)
728:Stone femme
723:Stone butch
693:Lesbophobia
603:Sister Spit
361:Audre Lorde
351:Joan Larkin
281:Alix Dobkin
231:Ivy Bottini
3776:Categories
3566:Vice Versa
3552:The Ladder
3474:Troy Perry
3036:Wicker, R.
3032:Tobin, Kay
2766:The Ladder
2621:The Ladder
2511:The Ladder
2489:The Ladder
2328:The Ladder
2176:References
2134:The Ladder
2041:The Ladder
2037:The Ladder
2033:The Ladder
2017:The Ladder
2006:The Ladder
1990:The Ladder
1975:The Ladder
1930:entrapment
1912:The Ladder
1884:The Ladder
1880:The Ladder
1824:, and the
1795:psychopath
1771:The Ladder
1764:The Ladder
1752:The Ladder
1741:conformity
1737:The Ladder
1694:The Ladder
1683:columnist
1663:The Ladder
1625:assimilate
1575:The Ladder
1567:The Ladder
1562:The Ladder
1531:Historian
1517:non-profit
1407:Background
1353:, was the
1181:Dyke march
1176:Cineffable
1139:Velvetpark
1129:AfterEllen
1009:Conditions
909:The Ladder
899:Vice Versa
718:Soft butch
626:Key issues
391:Pat Parker
356:Anna Livia
134:Key people
113:California
86:Grassroots
43:The Ladder
3751:The Patch
3469:Bob Mizer
3413:Ada Bello
3350:Harry Hay
3297:ONE, Inc.
1994:Australia
1841:Stonewall
1706:Episcopal
1704:, and an
1685:Herb Caen
1652:incumbent
1631:culture.
1617:communist
1459:In 1955,
1429:blackmail
1351:Daughters
613:Van Dykes
331:Karla Jay
266:Max Dashu
261:Mary Daly
66:Dissolved
51:Formation
3675:" (1967)
3383:Lisa Ben
3335:Hal Call
3144:(broken)
3074:Archived
3055:, 1972.
2941:March 7,
2919:March 7,
2877:Archived
2436:Archived
2097:See also
1904:feminism
1769:Because
1513:Qui vive
1437:gay bars
1417:Cold War
1384:come out
151:a series
149:Part of
3683:Related
3657:Film/TV
2700:1073382
2587:Ladder,
2284:June 3,
2217:May 25,
1979:interim
1748:Chicago
1710:sinners
1603:Methods
1549:Chicago
1523:Mission
1478:Bilitis
1455:History
1358:lesbian
1349:or the
463:Anjaree
453:AMASONG
128:English
96:Lesbian
92:Purpose
71: (
56: (
3668:(1961)
3649:(1966)
3643:(1966)
3631:(1964)
3625:(1962)
3617:(1959)
3611:(1958)
3603:(1956)
3597:(1940)
3591:(1920)
3585:(1919)
3576:Events
3422:Others
3083:
3059:
3025:
3004:
2990:
2966:
2725:
2698:
2660:
2539:
1959:Denver
1870:, the
1864:picket
1551:, and
1482:Sappho
1472:Naming
1445:Canada
1411:After
1153:(2017)
933:(1970)
869:(2017)
859:(1993)
849:(1992)
839:(1991)
829:(1982)
819:(1979)
809:(1976)
799:(1973)
789:(1973)
779:(1969)
445:Groups
301:Ferron
188:People
3302:PRIDE
3292:NACHO
3230:(preâ
2696:JSTOR
2211:(PDF)
2200:(PDF)
2181:Notes
2077:Focus
1641:jeans
1509:motto
1373:raids
1355:first
1119:Curve
879:Other
805:Lover
764:Books
756:Media
663:Femme
633:Butch
3737:(UK)
3538:Drum
3262:ECHO
3081:ISBN
3057:ISBN
3023:ISBN
3002:ISBN
2988:ISBN
2964:ISBN
2943:2022
2921:2022
2723:ISBN
2658:ISBN
2537:ISBN
2286:2021
2219:2017
2063:The
2010:Reno
2000:and
1866:the
1846:The
1799:have
1717:KTTV
1443:and
1398:and
1375:and
1306:The
1089:Diva
653:Dyke
82:Type
73:1995
69:1995
58:1955
54:1955
2688:doi
2022:FBI
1766:.
1719:'s
1667:FBI
1503:.
1379:.
1347:DOB
3778::
3101:,
3034:,
2982:.
2883:.
2807:^
2773:^
2715:.
2694:.
2684:79
2682:.
2678:.
2637:^
2424:^
2394:^
2371:^
2277:.
2263:^
2079:.
1932:,
1696:.
1569:.
1547:,
1543:,
1441:US
1329:iË
153:on
115:,
111:,
3671:"
3234:)
3220:e
3213:t
3206:v
3114:.
3087:.
3063:.
2945:.
2923:.
2902:.
2702:.
2690::
2664:.
2543:.
2299:.
2288:.
2221:.
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1341:/
1338:s
1335:ÉȘ
1332:t
1326:l
1323:Ë
1320:ÉȘ
1317:b
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60:)
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