298:
40:
436:) is between them; when quarks are in extreme proximity, the nuclear force between them is so weak that they behave almost as free particles. The flip side of asymptotic freedom is that the force between quarks grows stronger as one tries to separate them. This is the reason why the nucleus of an atom can never be broken into its quark constituents.
489:
Gross is one of the 20 American recipients of the Nobel Prize in
Physics to sign a letter addressed to President George W. Bush in May 2008, urging him to "reverse the damage done to basic science research in the Fiscal Year 2008 Omnibus Appropriations Bill" by requesting additional emergency funding
424:(QCD), the theory of the strong nuclear force. Asymptotic freedom is a phenomenon where the nuclear force weakens at short distances, which explains why experiments at very high energy can be understood as if nuclear particles are made of non-interacting quarks. Therefore, the closer
443:, which details the three basic forces of particle physics—the electromagnetic force, the weak force, and the strong force. Gross was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics, with Politzer and Wilczek, for this discovery.
473:
until 1997, when he began serving as
Princeton's Thomas Jones Professor of Mathematical Physics Emeritus. He has received many honors, including a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 1987 and the Dirac Medal in 1988.
1713:
531:
Gross' first wife was
Shulamith (Toaff), and they had two children. He also has a stepdaughter by his second wife, Jacquelyn Savani. He has three brothers, including Larry Gross, professor of communication,
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519:. The declaration was signed by a total of 76 Nobel Laureates and handed to then-President of the French Republic, François Hollande, as part of the successful
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462:. The four were whimsically nicknamed the "Princeton String Quartet." He continues to do research in this field at the KITP.
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Gross was born to a Jewish family in
Washington, D.C., in February 1941. His parents were Nora (Faine) and
20:
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1875:- includes Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2004, "The Discovery of Asymptotic Freedom and the Emergence of QCD"
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1423:"La Grande Médaille 2004 de l'Académie des sciences attribuée au Prix Nobel de physique David J. Gross"
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420:—the primary feature of non-Abelian gauge theories—which led Gross and Wilczek to the formulation of
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D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, "Asymptotically Free Gauge
Theories. I", Phys. Rev. D8 3633 (1973)
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Kavli
Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP), University of California, Santa Barbara
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1996:
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206:
Investigation of the Many-Body, Multichannel
Partial-Wave Scattering Amplitude
205:
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1976:
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356:. Gross is the Chancellor's Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics at the
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1980:
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1077:"Foreign Members---Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"
1023:
537:
1292:
1114:
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1666:"Elected Fellows | American Association for the Advancement of Science"
1665:
1076:
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2500:
455:
1231:
2440:
39:
967:
275:
368:
Chair in
Theoretical Physics. He is also a faculty member in the
4549:
J. J. Sakurai Prize for
Theoretical Particle Physics recipients
3709:
425:
364:(UCSB), and was formerly the KITP director and holder of their
199:
1477:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
396:, Israel, in 1962. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the
1894:
482:
In 2003, Gross was one of 22 Nobel
Laureates who signed the
372:
and is affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at
4524:
Donegall Lecturers of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin
1931:
854:
Hadronic Form Factors in Asymptotically Free Field Theories
392:(1912–1997). Gross received his bachelor's degree from the
321:
762:
Elected to a four-year term in the presidential line, the
4529:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
659:
412:
In 1973, Gross, working with his first graduate student,
315:
99:
90:
86:
19:
This article is about the physicist. For other uses, see
469:(1966–69) and a Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics at
4539:
Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
1268:"J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics"
1605:, vol. Physics, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, 1970
324:
4564:
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
785:"Ultraviolet Behavior of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories"
318:
1024:"People | Department of Physics - UC Santa Barbara"
705:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
4544:Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
4534:Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
873:Instantons and Massless Fermions in Two Dimensions
1890:David J. Gross bio, American Institute of Physics
1215:"A Letter from America's Physics Nobel Laureates"
4430:
871:Callan, C. G. Jr., Dashen, R. and D. J. Gross. "
4494:University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
1190:"Humanism and Its Aspirations: Notable Signers"
16:American particle physicist and string theorist
4514:Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
3442:
1101:String Theory, at 20, Explains It All (or Not)
994:"In Depth: David Gross | The Kavli Foundation"
885:Energy Research and Development Administration
740:International Academy of Philosophy of Science
504:National Institute of Standards and Technology
4559:Members of the American Philosophical Society
3695:
3428:
1917:
376:in California. He is a foreign member of the
1499:"Welcome to The University of Cambodia (UC)"
782:
570:International Center for Theoretical Physics
4574:Presidents of the American Physical Society
3711:Presidents of the American Physical Society
1873:David J. Gross, Nobel Prize in Physics 2004
1603:Sloan Research Fellows: Nobel prize winners
1373:"Prize Winners – Harvey Prize | פרס הארווי"
1140:"Harvard University. Department of Physics"
383:
3702:
3688:
3435:
3421:
1924:
1910:
622:Golden Plate Award, Academy of Achievement
38:
4484:University of California, Berkeley alumni
810:
512:Mainau Declaration 2015 on Climate Change
332:; born February 19, 1941) is an American
4469:Fellows of the American Physical Society
770:
666:NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program
1343:"Earlier Lectures - Oskar Klein Centre"
735:for the developing world (elected 2007)
590:Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
362:University of California, Santa Barbara
358:Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics
185:University of California, Santa Barbara
4431:
1696:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
974:from the original on 10 September 2012
712:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
660:Memberships in academies and societies
596:High Energy and Particle Physics Prize
560:Fellowship Prize, MacArthur Foundation
416:, at Princeton University, discovered
407:
3683:
3416:
1905:
1752:from the original on 29 January 2021.
1740:"New Fellows, Indian Science Academy"
1737:
1689:
1439:from the original on 8 February 2021.
1165:"David Gross | Department of Physics"
831:Asymptotically Free Gauge Theories. I
783:Gross, David; Wilczek, Frank (1973).
691:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1553:Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
1398:"High Energy Particle Physics Board"
1071:
1069:
937:
935:
933:
653:Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
543:
1115:"David Gross (0000-0002-1485-7107)"
637:Honorary Doctorate in Science, the
13:
1702:from the original on 6 April 2020.
1549:"NICA First stone laying ceremony"
900:United States Department of Energy
881:United States Department of Energy
862:United States Department of Energy
843:United States Department of Energy
458:also formulated the theory of the
400:in 1966, under the supervision of
398:University of California, Berkeley
96:University of California, Berkeley
14:
4585:
1861:
1112:
1066:
943:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004"
930:
852:Gross, D. J. and S. B. Treiman. "
728:, Bangalore, India (elected 2007)
4464:Scientists from Washington, D.C.
4459:21st-century American physicists
1840:"2019 APS President David Gross"
1451:"Nobel honours sub-atomic world"
883:(through predecessor agency the
864:(through predecessor agency the
845:(through predecessor agency the
428:are to each other, the less the
311:
296:
128:Shulamith Toaff Gross (divorced)
4504:American theoretical physicists
1832:
1807:
1781:
1756:
1731:
1706:
1683:
1658:
1644:
1630:
1616:
1591:
1566:
1541:
1516:
1491:
1485:American Academy of Achievement
1469:
1443:
1415:
1390:
1365:
1335:
1310:
1285:
1260:
1249:
1224:
1207:
1182:
1157:
968:"UC Santa Barbara, David Gross"
835:National Accelerator Laboratory
1879:Nobel honours sub-atomic world
1868:David Gross, on Google Scholar
1132:
1106:
1094:
1041:
1016:
986:
960:
918:List of Jewish Nobel laureates
892:Some New/Old Approaches to QCD
829:Wilczek, F. and D. J. Gross. "
719:American Philosophical Society
394:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
83:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1:
1194:American Humanist Association
923:
733:The World Academy of Sciences
517:Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting
515:on the final day of the 65th
4509:Princeton University faculty
4499:American particle physicists
896:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
698:National Academy of Sciences
21:David Gross (disambiguation)
7:
3969:Charles Christian Lauritsen
1789:"Membres - AIPS-AISR-PIIST"
1377:harveypz.net.technion.ac.il
911:
904:National Science Foundation
812:10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1343
757:Russian Academy of Sciences
747:Chinese Academy of Sciences
670:National Science Foundation
500:National Science Foundation
477:
378:Chinese Academy of Sciences
10:
4590:
4569:Jewish American physicists
4519:Harvard University faculty
4449:Nobel laureates in Physics
3838:William Francis Gray Swann
726:Indian Academy of Sciences
677:Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
610:French Academy of Sciences
509:In 2015, Gross signed the
465:He was a junior fellow at
348:, he was awarded the 2004
18:
4554:Santa Fe Institute people
4489:Harvard University alumni
4479:American string theorists
4405:Sylvester James Gates Jr.
4277:
4122:
3961:
3818:
3749:Edward Leamington Nichols
3717:
3607:
3582:
3557:
3526:
3507:
3483:
3452:
3053:
2710:
2399:
2177:
1943:
1236:www.mainaudeclaration.org
764:American Physical Society
684:American Physical Society
644:Richard E. Prange Prize,
600:European Physical Society
554:American Physical Society
526:
295:
290:
270:
266:
228:
216:
198:
180:
170:
163:
142:
134:
124:
106:
78:
49:
37:
30:
4454:American Nobel laureates
4142:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
3975:John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
3803:Thomas Corwin Mendenhall
866:Atomic Energy Commission
847:Atomic Energy Commission
632:University of San Carlos
536:, professor of law, and
384:Early life and education
4160:Arthur Leonard Schawlow
3916:Arthur Jeffrey Dempster
3904:Percy Williams Bridgman
3779:Robert Andrews Millikan
1318:"ICTP - The Medallists"
1103:. NY Times (2004-12-07)
998:www.kavlifoundation.org
790:Physical Review Letters
370:UCSB Physics Department
352:for their discovery of
4059:John Archibald Wheeler
3946:Francis Wheeler Loomis
3880:John Torrence Tate Sr.
3767:Benjamin Osgood Peirce
3725:Henry Augustus Rowland
3613:Nobel Prize recipients
3559:Physiology or Medicine
1937:Nobel Prize in Physics
1881:, BBC, October 5, 2004
1638:"David Jonathan Gross"
1524:"Awards - UMD Physics"
655:, Dubna, Russia (2016)
646:University of Maryland
639:University of Cambodia
616:Nobel Prize in Physics
538:Theodore (Teddy) Gross
422:quantum chromodynamics
350:Nobel Prize in Physics
157:Nobel Prize in Physics
4262:Jerome Isaac Friedman
3940:J. Robert Oppenheimer
3761:William Francis Magie
3737:Arthur Gordon Webster
1815:"International kudos"
1738:David, Gross (2007).
1690:Gross, David (2005).
1574:"International kudos"
771:Selected publications
580:Royal Swedish Academy
334:theoretical physicist
261:Stephen Bernard Libby
4226:Donald N. Langenberg
4214:Nicolaas Bloembergen
4083:Edward Mills Purcell
3993:Raymond Thayer Birge
3791:Joseph Sweetman Ames
1793:www.lesacademies.net
1718:search.amphilsoc.org
1714:"APS Member History"
1624:"APS Fellow Archive"
1402:eps-hepp.web.cern.ch
1232:"Mainau Declaration"
1081:english.casad.cas.cn
877:Princeton University
858:Princeton University
839:Princeton University
634:, Philippines (2008)
606:Grande Médaille d'Or
521:COP21 climate summit
492:Department of Energy
471:Princeton University
307:David Jonathan Gross
193:Princeton University
54:David Jonathan Gross
4399:Philip H. Bucksbaum
4291:William F. Brinkman
4178:Mildred Dresselhaus
4101:Joseph Edward Mayer
4077:Luis Walter Alvarez
4041:John Harry Williams
3868:Harrison M. Randall
3826:Karl Taylor Compton
3731:Albert A. Michelson
3542:Hugh David Politzer
1640:. 14 December 2023.
1481:www.achievement.org
1430:cademie-sciences.fr
1347:www.okc.albanova.se
803:1973PhRvL..30.1343G
628:San Carlos Borromeo
550:J. J. Sakurai Prize
408:Research and career
390:Bertram Myron Gross
175:Theoretical physics
4363:Malcolm R. Beasley
4327:Arthur Bienenstock
4202:James A. Krumhansl
4148:Lewis M. Branscomb
4035:William V. Houston
4005:Henry DeWolf Smyth
3934:Lee Alvin DuBridge
3874:Lyman James Briggs
3862:Floyd K. Richtmyer
3598:Edward C. Prescott
1528:umdphysics.umd.edu
1432:. 5 October 2004.
1353:on 4 November 2020
1004:on 13 January 2021
906:, (November 1992).
484:Humanist Manifesto
467:Harvard University
439:QCD completed the
430:strong interaction
418:asymptotic freedom
374:Chapman University
366:Frederick W. Gluck
354:asymptotic freedom
245:William E. Caswell
189:Harvard University
111:Asymptotic freedom
4474:MacArthur Fellows
4426:
4425:
4357:Michael S. Turner
4196:Val Logsdon Fitch
4166:Maurice Goldhaber
4130:William A. Fowler
4065:Charles H. Townes
3952:Isidor Isaac Rabi
3785:Henry A. Bumstead
3677:
3676:
3584:Economic Sciences
3462:Aaron Ciechanover
3410:
3409:
1692:"Honorary Fellow"
1169:phy.princeton.edu
824:Technical reports
797:(26): 1343–1346.
724:Honorary Fellow,
710:Honorary Fellow,
576:Oscar Klein Medal
544:Honors and awards
496:Office of Science
448:Jeffrey A. Harvey
304:
303:
229:Doctoral students
165:Scientific career
119:Gross–Neveu model
64:February 19, 1941
4581:
4333:Cherry A. Murray
4250:D. Allan Bromley
4220:Ernest M. Henley
4208:Eugen Merzbacher
4184:Robert R. Wilson
4023:Victor Weisskopf
4017:George Uhlenbeck
3892:George B. Pegram
3704:
3697:
3690:
3681:
3680:
3615:
3498:Elfriede Jelinek
3437:
3430:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3387:
3371:
3355:
3339:
3323:
3307:
3291:
3275:
3263:
3247:
3235:
3223:
3207:
3195:
3179:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3123:
3107:
3091:
3075:
3046:
3030:
3018:
3002:
2986:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2902:
2886:
2870:
2858:
2842:
2834:
2822:
2810:
2802:
2786:
2774:
2758:
2742:
2726:
2703:
2687:
2675:
2659:
2643:
2635:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2575:
2559:
2543:
2535:
2523:
2515:
2503:
2487:
2475:
2459:
2447:
2435:
2427:
2415:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2189:
2170:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2093:
2087:
2075:
2067:
2065:Kamerlingh Onnes
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2023:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1967:
1955:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1903:
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1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
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1830:
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1735:
1729:
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1726:
1724:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1687:
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1678:
1676:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1652:"David J. Gross"
1648:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1595:
1589:
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1513:
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1488:
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1462:
1457:. 5 October 2004
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1427:
1419:
1413:
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1410:
1408:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1349:. Archived from
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1297:www.macfound.org
1289:
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1089:
1087:
1073:
1064:
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1059:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1028:physics.ucsb.edu
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1000:. Archived from
990:
984:
983:
981:
979:
964:
958:
957:
955:
953:
939:
816:
814:
777:Journal articles
745:Foreign Member,
651:Medal of Honor,
540:, a playwright.
460:heterotic string
331:
330:
327:
326:
323:
320:
317:
300:
286:
283:
281:
279:
277:
253:Rajesh Gopakumar
218:Doctoral advisor
212:
130:Jacquelyn Savani
115:Heterotic string
71:Washington, D.C.
67:
63:
61:
42:
28:
27:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4411:Frances Hellman
4309:Marvin L. Cohen
4297:Myriam Sarachik
4285:George Trilling
4273:
4268:James S. Langer
4244:J.R. Schrieffer
4154:Herman Feshbach
4118:
4113:Chien-Shiung Wu
4095:Philip M. Morse
4029:Frederick Seitz
3957:
3922:Harvey Fletcher
3814:
3713:
3708:
3678:
3673:
3611:
3603:
3600:(United States)
3592:Finn E. Kydland
3578:
3575:(United States)
3569:(United States)
3553:
3550:(United States)
3544:(United States)
3538:(United States)
3522:
3517:Wangari Maathai
3503:
3479:
3476:(United States)
3448:
3441:
3411:
3406:
3390:
3374:
3358:
3342:
3326:
3310:
3294:
3278:
3266:
3250:
3238:
3226:
3210:
3198:
3182:
3166:
3154:
3142:
3126:
3110:
3094:
3078:
3062:
3055:
3049:
3033:
3021:
3005:
2996:Cohen-Tannoudji
2989:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2905:
2889:
2873:
2861:
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2789:
2777:
2761:
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2678:
2662:
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2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1970:
1958:
1950:
1939:
1930:
1864:
1859:
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1198:
1196:
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1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1144:history.aip.org
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1053:www.chapman.edu
1047:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
992:
991:
987:
977:
975:
966:
965:
961:
951:
949:
941:
940:
931:
926:
914:
909:
849:), (July 1973).
773:
662:
546:
534:Samuel R. Gross
529:
480:
410:
386:
338:string theorist
314:
310:
274:
259:
257:Nikita Nekrasov
255:
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4366:
4360:
4354:
4351:Robert L. Byer
4348:
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4336:
4330:
4324:
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4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4281:
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4265:
4259:
4256:Andrew Sessler
4253:
4247:
4241:
4238:C. Kumar Patel
4235:
4232:Burton Richter
4229:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4172:Robert Marshak
4169:
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3910:Albert W. Hull
3907:
3901:
3898:George Stewart
3895:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3856:Robert W. Wood
3853:
3850:Arthur Compton
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3822:
3820:
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3815:
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3806:
3800:
3797:Theodore Lyman
3794:
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3782:
3776:
3773:Ernest Merritt
3770:
3764:
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3740:
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3417:
3408:
3407:
3405:
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3324:
3308:
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3196:
3180:
3164:
3152:
3140:
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3108:
3092:
3076:
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3031:
3019:
3003:
2987:
2971:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2903:
2887:
2871:
2859:
2843:
2835:
2823:
2811:
2803:
2787:
2775:
2759:
2743:
2732:P. W. Anderson
2727:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2688:
2676:
2660:
2644:
2636:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2576:
2560:
2553:Goeppert Mayer
2544:
2536:
2524:
2516:
2504:
2488:
2476:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2428:
2416:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
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2393:
2385:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2337:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2280:
2277:C. D. Anderson
2268:
2260:
2253:
2241:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2088:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2024:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1968:
1956:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1863:
1862:External links
1860:
1857:
1856:
1831:
1806:
1780:
1764:"Gross, David"
1755:
1730:
1705:
1682:
1657:
1643:
1629:
1615:
1599:"Past Fellows"
1590:
1565:
1540:
1515:
1490:
1468:
1442:
1414:
1389:
1364:
1334:
1309:
1284:
1259:
1256:nobelprize.org
1248:
1223:
1206:
1181:
1156:
1131:
1105:
1093:
1065:
1040:
1015:
985:
959:
947:NobelPrize.org
928:
927:
925:
922:
921:
920:
913:
910:
908:
907:
890:Gross, D. J. "
888:
887:), (May 1977).
869:
850:
821:
820:
817:
774:
772:
769:
768:
767:
760:
759:(elected 2016)
753:Foreign Member
750:
749:(elected 2011)
743:
742:(elected 2009)
736:
729:
722:
721:(elected 2007)
715:
708:
707:(elected 1987)
701:
700:(elected 1986)
694:
693:(elected 1985)
687:
686:(elected 1974)
680:
673:
661:
658:
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649:
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635:
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619:
613:
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563:
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528:
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479:
476:
441:Standard Model
409:
406:
385:
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360:(KITP) of the
346:David Politzer
302:
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108:
107:Known for
104:
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69:
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:Living people
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4418:
4417:Robert Rosner
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4387:Roger Falcone
4385:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4339:Curtis Callan
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4315:John Hopfield
4313:
4310:
4307:
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4298:
4295:
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4128:
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4125:
4121:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:Pief Panofsky
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4089:Robert Serber
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4047:Robert Bacher
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
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3976:
3973:
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3967:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3928:Edward Condon
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
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3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3844:Paul D. Foote
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3809:Dayton Miller
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
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3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3712:
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3698:
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3609:
3606:
3599:
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3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3574:
3573:Linda B. Buck
3571:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3548:Frank Wilczek
3546:
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3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
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2041:Van der Waals
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2017:
2014:
2009:
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2005:J. J. Thomson
2001:
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1293:"David Gross"
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452:Emil Martinec
449:
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437:
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431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
414:Frank Wilczek
405:
403:
402:Geoffrey Chew
399:
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391:
381:
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375:
371:
367:
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359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:Frank Wilczek
340:. Along with
339:
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329:
308:
299:
294:
289:
285:
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:Edward Witten
238:
237:Frank Wilczek
234:
231:
227:
224:
223:Geoffrey Chew
221:
219:
215:
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207:
203:
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109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
72:
66:(age 83)
52:
48:
44:Gross in 2007
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
4392:
4381:Laura Greene
4345:Barry Barish
4321:Leo Kadanoff
4190:Sidney Drell
4071:John Bardeen
3981:Enrico Fermi
3643:
3567:Richard Axel
3535:
3112:
2840:von Klitzing
2832:Van der Meer
1885:ArXiv papers
1847:. Retrieved
1843:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1818:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1792:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1767:
1758:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1717:
1708:
1695:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1670:www.aaas.org
1669:
1660:
1646:
1632:
1618:
1607:, retrieved
1602:
1593:
1581:. Retrieved
1577:
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1552:
1543:
1531:. Retrieved
1527:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1502:
1493:
1480:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1454:
1445:
1429:
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1376:
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:the original
1346:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1300:. Retrieved
1296:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:
1262:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:
1226:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:
1184:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1143:
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1118:
1108:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:
1056:. Retrieved
1052:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1027:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:the original
997:
988:
976:. Retrieved
962:
950:. Retrieved
946:
823:
822:
794:
788:
776:
775:
675:Fellowship,
586:Harvey Prize
530:
510:
508:
488:
481:
464:
446:Gross, with
445:
438:
434:color charge
411:
387:
306:
305:
249:Eric D'Hoker
233:Natan Andrei
204:
181:Institutions
164:
152:Harvey Prize
25:
4439:1941 births
4393:David Gross
4369:Sam Aronson
4303:Helen Quinn
4136:George Pake
4053:Felix Bloch
4011:Jesse Beams
3886:John Zeleny
3536:David Gross
3445:Nobel Prize
2884:Steinberger
2800:K. Siegbahn
2792:Bloembergen
2513:Chamberlain
2246:Schrödinger
2156:M. Siegbahn
2085:W. H. Bragg
2081:W. L. Bragg
1819:EurekAlert!
1795:(in French)
1578:EurekAlert!
1461:19 February
1322:www.ictp.it
1272:www.aps.org
766:(2016–2020)
566:Dirac Medal
147:Dirac Medal
32:David Gross
4433:Categories
4375:Homer Neal
3832:Henry Gale
3755:Henry Crew
3743:Carl Barus
3485:Literature
3474:Irwin Rose
3401:L'Huillier
3365:Hasselmann
3321:Strickland
3289:Kosterlitz
3213:Perlmutter
2952:Brockhouse
2657:Schrieffer
2529:Hofstadter
2481:C. N. Yang
2238:Heisenberg
2215:De Broglie
1849:22 January
1799:23 January
1773:22 January
1723:23 January
1583:22 January
1558:22 January
1533:22 January
1508:22 January
1327:22 January
1302:22 January
1277:22 January
1241:11 January
1174:12 January
1086:9 February
1058:20 January
1033:20 January
1008:12 January
952:20 January
924:References
868:), (1974).
523:in Paris.
502:, and the
60:1941-02-19
4123:1976–2000
3999:E. Wigner
3962:1951–1975
3819:1926–1950
3718:1899–1925
3500:(Austria)
3454:Chemistry
3447:laureates
3385:Zeilinger
3205:Novoselov
3173:Kobayashi
3097:Abrikosov
2944:J. Taylor
2924:de Gennes
2916:R. Taylor
2808:K. Wilson
2756:R. Wilson
2740:Van Vleck
2711:1976–2000
2701:Rainwater
2697:Mottelson
2673:Josephson
2621:Gell-Mann
2585:Schwinger
2573:Prokhorov
2533:Mössbauer
2493:Cherenkov
2485:T. D. Lee
2409:Cockcroft
2400:1951–1975
2199:C. Wilson
2178:1926–1950
2124:Guillaume
2013:Michelson
1973:Becquerel
1944:1901–1925
1933:Laureates
1119:orcid.org
1049:"Members"
679:(1970–74)
672:(1963–66)
456:Ryan Rohm
291:Signature
125:Spouse(s)
79:Education
3987:H. Bethe
3594:(Norway)
3470:(Israel)
3464:(Israel)
3393:Agostini
3281:Thouless
3273:McDonald
3261:Nakamura
3229:Wineland
3161:Grünberg
3117:Politzer
3101:Ginzburg
3089:Giacconi
3069:Ketterle
3024:'t Hooft
3008:Laughlin
3000:Phillips
2980:Osheroff
2908:Friedman
2880:Schwartz
2876:Lederman
2796:Schawlow
2772:Weinberg
2581:Tomonaga
2473:Brattain
2465:Shockley
2374:Blackett
2366:Appleton
2358:Bridgman
2305:Lawrence
2285:Davisson
2265:Chadwick
2148:Millikan
2132:Einstein
2021:Lippmann
1989:Rayleigh
1981:M. Curie
1977:P. Curie
1747:Archived
1700:Archived
1455:BBC News
1434:Archived
1382:30 April
1199:30 April
1149:30 April
978:30 April
972:Archived
912:See also
738:Member,
731:Fellow,
717:Member,
703:Fellow,
696:Member,
689:Member,
682:Fellow,
490:for the
478:Activism
135:Children
3528:Physics
3519:(Kenya)
3381:Clauser
3345:Penrose
3329:Peebles
3285:Haldane
3253:Akasaki
3241:Englert
3233:Haroche
3217:Schmidt
3177:Maskawa
3129:Glauber
3121:Wilczek
3105:Leggett
3085:Koshiba
3065:Cornell
3056:present
3040:Kroemer
3036:Alferov
3028:Veltman
3012:Störmer
2932:Charpak
2912:Kendall
2896:Dehmelt
2864:Bednorz
2764:Glashow
2752:Penzias
2748:Kapitsa
2720:Richter
2693:A. Bohr
2669:Giaever
2649:Bardeen
2613:Alvarez
2597:Kastler
2589:Feynman
2469:Bardeen
2433:Zernike
2425:Purcell
2195:Compton
2140:N. Bohr
2029:Marconi
1961:Lorentz
1953:Röntgen
1935:of the
1844:aps.org
1824:19 July
1609:19 July
1124:28 July
1113:ORCID.
799:Bibcode
630:Award,
271:Website
4419:(2023)
4413:(2022)
4407:(2021)
4401:(2020)
4395:(2019)
4389:(2018)
4383:(2017)
4377:(2016)
4371:(2015)
4365:(2014)
4359:(2013)
4353:(2012)
4347:(2011)
4341:(2010)
4335:(2009)
4329:(2008)
4323:(2007)
4317:(2006)
4311:(2005)
4305:(2004)
4299:(2003)
4293:(2002)
4287:(2001)
4270:(2000)
4264:(1999)
4258:(1998)
4252:(1997)
4246:(1996)
4240:(1995)
4234:(1994)
4228:(1993)
4222:(1992)
4216:(1991)
4210:(1990)
4204:(1989)
4198:(1987)
4192:(1986)
4186:(1985)
4180:(1984)
4174:(1983)
4168:(1982)
4162:(1981)
4156:(1980)
4150:(1979)
4144:(1978)
4138:(1977)
4132:(1976)
4115:(1975)
4109:(1974)
4103:(1973)
4097:(1972)
4091:(1971)
4085:(1970)
4079:(1969)
4073:(1968)
4067:(1967)
4061:(1966)
4055:(1965)
4049:(1964)
4043:(1963)
4037:(1962)
4031:(1961)
4025:(1960)
4019:(1959)
4013:(1958)
4007:(1957)
4001:(1956)
3995:(1955)
3989:(1954)
3983:(1953)
3977:(1952)
3971:(1951)
3954:(1950)
3948:(1949)
3942:(1948)
3936:(1947)
3930:(1946)
3924:(1945)
3918:(1944)
3912:(1943)
3906:(1942)
3900:(1941)
3894:(1941)
3888:(1940)
3882:(1939)
3876:(1938)
3870:(1937)
3864:(1936)
3858:(1935)
3852:(1934)
3846:(1933)
3840:(1931)
3834:(1929)
3828:(1927)
3811:(1925)
3805:(1923)
3799:(1921)
3793:(1919)
3787:(1918)
3781:(1916)
3775:(1914)
3769:(1913)
3763:(1911)
3757:(1909)
3751:(1907)
3745:(1905)
3739:(1903)
3733:(1901)
3727:(1899)
3397:Krausz
3391:2023:
3377:Aspect
3375:2022:
3369:Manabe
3361:Parisi
3359:2021:
3349:Genzel
3343:2020:
3337:Queloz
3327:2019:
3317:Mourou
3313:Ashkin
3311:2018:
3305:Thorne
3301:Barish
3295:2017:
3279:2016:
3269:Kajita
3267:2015:
3251:2014:
3239:2013:
3227:2012:
3211:2011:
3199:2010:
3183:2009:
3167:2008:
3155:2007:
3145:Mather
3143:2006:
3137:Hänsch
3127:2005:
3111:2004:
3095:2003:
3079:2002:
3073:Wieman
3063:2001:
3034:2000:
3022:1999:
3006:1998:
2990:1997:
2976:D. Lee
2974:1996:
2968:Reines
2962:1995:
2950:1994:
2938:1993:
2930:1992:
2922:1991:
2906:1990:
2892:Ramsey
2890:1989:
2874:1988:
2868:Müller
2862:1987:
2856:Rohrer
2852:Binnig
2846:1986:
2838:1985:
2828:Rubbia
2826:1984:
2820:Fowler
2814:1983:
2806:1982:
2790:1981:
2780:Cronin
2778:1980:
2762:1979:
2746:1978:
2730:1977:
2718:1976:
2691:1975:
2685:Hewish
2679:1974:
2663:1973:
2653:Cooper
2647:1972:
2639:1971:
2629:Alfvén
2627:1970:
2619:1969:
2611:1968:
2603:1967:
2595:1966:
2579:1965:
2565:Townes
2563:1964:
2557:Jensen
2549:Wigner
2547:1963:
2541:Landau
2539:1962:
2527:1961:
2521:Glaser
2519:1960:
2507:1959:
2491:1958:
2479:1957:
2463:1956:
2451:1955:
2439:1954:
2431:1953:
2419:1952:
2413:Walton
2407:1951:
2390:Powell
2388:1950:
2382:Yukawa
2380:1949:
2372:1948:
2364:1947:
2356:1946:
2348:1945:
2340:1944:
2332:1943:
2303:1939:
2295:1938:
2283:1937:
2271:1936:
2263:1935:
2244:1933:
2236:1932:
2221:1930:
2213:1929:
2205:1928:
2193:1927:
2187:Perrin
2185:1926:
2164:Franck
2162:1925:
2154:1924:
2146:1923:
2138:1922:
2130:1921:
2122:1920:
2114:1919:
2108:Planck
2106:1918:
2100:Barkla
2098:1917:
2079:1915:
2071:1914:
2063:1913:
2055:1912:
2047:1911:
2039:1910:
2027:1909:
2019:1908:
2011:1907:
2003:1906:
1997:Lenard
1995:1905:
1987:1904:
1971:1903:
1965:Zeeman
1959:1902:
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