194:, made his way to confront him and Abbas rushed with his army to meet the Emperor. Gelawdewos was entirely victorious in this engagement and Abbas with all his captains were killed. The remaining Muslims who had survived the battle became the target of the local Christian populace who massacred all those who they could find. The Emperor then appointed Khalid, a Christian who had converted to Islam but that had reverted back to Christianity, as the provincial governor of Dawaro. Gelawdewos later faced problems with the Portuguese, he then banished 140 of them to the province of Dawaro. The presence of the Portuguese greatly displeased Khalid, he therefore ordered them to be killed or expelled from the province. Khalid attempted to ambush the Portuguese with a large army, but as soon as the assault began they shot and killed Khalid, after which most of his supporters would become their vassals. The Emperor was said to be very pleased with this outcome as he had always distrusted the governor.
201:. The Emperor warned the Portuguese of an impending Oromo attack. The Portuguese would immediately prepare to face this attack by stockpiling on munitions and gunpowder. When the Oromos did arrive they were "innumerable, and did not come on without order like barbarians, but advanced collected in bodies, like squadrons". The Portuguese fought the Oromos for around 11 to 12 days according to Joao Bermudes until they ran out of gunpower and ammunition. Before they withdrew from Dawaro, Bermudes claims that all of the country's inhabitants were safely evacuated. Just after the Portuguese had fled from the province, they soon met up with
59:
174:. In the summer of 1531, the Adalites returned to Dawaro where they occupied the province, they soon ravaged the province and destroyed a large church that was erected by the Emperor's predecessor. The Imam then arrived at a settlement called Geberge and demanded that all of the Christian inhabitants either convert to Islam or pay the
86:
livestock "without number" and "destroyed the crops of their country". The "wicked plans of
Haydara" of Dawaro were thus "brought to nothing" as the chronicler states. Dawaro was then grouped together with other kingdoms such as Hadiya, Fatagar and Ifat as a tributary kingdom to the Ethiopian Empire under the leadership of
161:
became the first part of the empire to be confronted by the forces of Imam Ahmad. The Imam carried out a raid on the province in 1526-7. His men was said to take considerable loot such as horses, slaves and sheep. The
Adalites planned to return to their country, but the "infidels of Dawaro" assembled
85:
during his rebellion and "treacherously" executed some of the
Emperor's messengers. Amda Seyon, incensed by this act of rebellion, at once set out with his troops. On reaching Dawaro he "laid waste the country from one end to the other". He killed young men, took women and children prisoners, seized
178:
tax. Most of the inhabitants choose to retain their religion by declaring their neutrality and agreeing to pay the tax, others agreed to be converted, among those converted were 50 Christian nobles. The Imam, much pleased with their conversion, appointed Amir Husain
117:, who then encouraged the settlement of Ethiopian military colonists to the peripheral province. However, the Ethiopian troops stationed in the region were in constant danger as their positions soon came under the attacks of Sultan
113:. The social customs of Dawaro were also very similar to that of Ifat with both regions being inhabited by Muslims. Christian proselytization of the locals reached a high level of intensity during the reign of
208:
Until the beginning of the 17th century, the
Ethiopian Emperors would still maintain their claim to Dawaro until it had vanished as a political unit by the 18th century. Today the name is preserved among the
205:
who was on his way to support the
Portuguese defense. The Emperor was said to have "wept like a child" after hearing about the fall of Dawaro and said "My sin is great that such evil has befallen me."
266:
Macrizi
Historia regum Islamiticorum in Abyssinia. Interpretatus est et vna cum Abulfedae descriptione regionum nigritarum e codd. Biblioth. Leidensis Arabice edidit Fridericus Theodorus Rinck ...
166:
received news of an impending larger invasion of Dawaro, the
Emperor assembled a large army that consisted of units from all over the country. This army was defeated in the disastrous
186:
Control of the province would later fall under Ahmad's nephew, Vizier Abbas, who ruled over Dawaro as well as neighboring
Fatager and Bali. Following the Imam's death and defeat at
101:, but resembled it in that it produced cereals and fruits, and reared horses and beasts of burden. Trade however was less developed. A type of "primitive currency" called
1356:
298:
The Muslim
Kingdoms in Abyssinia were seven in number: Awfat, Dawaro, Arababni, Hadiya, Sharkha, Bali and Dara. These kingdoms which belong to seven kings.
1239:
976:
881:
1402:
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1151:
1145:
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1371:
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1082:
1077:
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Their main achievements were to reduce the great Muslim principalities of Ifat, Dawaro, Sharkha and Bali to stricter tributary status.
1092:
81:, Amda Seyon then proceeded to garrison Dawaro. However, in the late 1320s the ruler of the province, Haydara, ended up siding with
1305:
1280:
1127:
1122:
130:
398:
Niane, Djibril Tamsir; Africa, Unesco
International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of (1984-01-01).
495:
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798:
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505:
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291:
372:
689:
662:
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34:. The state was originally independent until becoming a vassal and later a province due its subjugation by Emperor
197:
After the death of Khalid, the Portuguese would rule Dawaro for four months until the province was invaded by the
1443:
723:
281:
338:
1433:
783:
751:"Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Part Ii)"
588:"Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Part Ii)"
523:"Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Part Ii)"
430:"Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (part Ii)"
154:
135:
39:
31:
681:
The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
654:
The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
627:
The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
562:
The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
470:
The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
313:
The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
247:
98:
78:
74:
43:
97:, Dawaro was measured five days journey by two or 100 kilometers by 40. It was much smaller than
157:. The province of Dawaro, because of its location to the east and its relative proximity to the
1351:
861:
167:
94:
876:
162:
a large army against them, this force was subsequently defeated. Not long after this Emperor
986:
896:
187:
8:
931:
901:
1412:
1321:
1244:
1001:
996:
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851:
762:
599:
534:
449:
213:, which has a subgroup called Dawaro. The Dawaro clan was said to have originated from
58:
1387:
1195:
981:
926:
921:
911:
891:
856:
729:
725:
The Galla of Ethiopia; The Kingdoms of Kafa and Janjero: North Eastern Africa Part II
685:
658:
631:
566:
501:
474:
441:
405:
378:
344:
317:
287:
226:
190:, Abbas launched a fierce attack on a number of Christian towns. The young Emperor,
1392:
1361:
1326:
1295:
1249:
1226:
1072:
966:
956:
916:
846:
62:
Medieval map of peoples, kingdoms and regions alongside major trade routes in the
1290:
1285:
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158:
105:
was used which were pieces of iron as long as a needle. A cow would cost 5,000
87:
63:
134:
Barje as governor of the province. Dawaro was soon invaded by the Adal Sultan
1427:
1407:
1300:
941:
841:
708:
The Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543 as Narrated by Castanhoso
445:
214:
180:
82:
47:
1234:
1032:
1006:
128:
consolidated the supremacy of the Christian empire in Dawaro and appointed
35:
1167:
1047:
813:
249:
Medieval Ge’ez land grants of Aṣe Waša Maryam church in Wägda (1344-1432)
766:
750:
603:
587:
538:
522:
453:
429:
202:
191:
139:
125:
906:
1087:
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886:
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1210:
1175:
1117:
1067:
1062:
991:
163:
114:
27:
1200:
1185:
951:
946:
210:
198:
1180:
1137:
1132:
1097:
1057:
1042:
1027:
175:
171:
38:
in the early 14th century. The region was situated east of
704:
269:(in Arabic). apud Sam. et Joh. Luchtmans. p. 82.
69:
The earliest mention of this province comes from the
30:: ደዋሮ) was a Muslim principality which laid near
1425:
401:Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century
799:
494:Trimingham, J. Spencer (13 September 2013).
280:Trimingham, J. Spencer (13 September 2013).
149:The next time Dawaro is mentioned is in the
721:
397:
50:. The capital of Dawaro was called Sabboch
806:
792:
748:
585:
520:
493:
427:
377:. Cambridge University Press. p. 83.
370:
336:
279:
677:
650:
623:
558:
466:
309:
57:
814:Kingdoms and dynasties of the medieval
153:, the history of the conquests of Imam
16:Medieval province in the Horn of Africa
1426:
170:, but the Imam later returned back to
787:
263:ʼAli), Al-Maqrīzī (Aḥmad ibn (1790).
262:
245:
93:According to the Egyptian historian,
722:Huntingford, G. W. B. (2017-02-10).
371:Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland (1975).
340:Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646
13:
252:. Annales d'Éthiopie. p. 209.
146:, but he was defeated and killed.
14:
1455:
705:Richard Stephen Whiteway (1902).
337:Huntington, G.W.B (15 May 2017).
330:
46:which covered much of Ethiopia's
830:Islamic sultanates & Empires
749:Braukämper, Ulrich (Fall 1977).
586:Braukämper, Ulrich (Fall 1977).
521:Braukämper, Ulrich (Fall 1977).
742:
715:
698:
671:
644:
617:
579:
552:
514:
487:
374:The Cambridge History of Africa
1016:Christian kingdoms and Empires
711:. Hakluyt Society. p. 82.
684:. Red Sea Press. p. 241.
657:. Red Sea Press. p. 179.
630:. Red Sea Press. p. 177.
460:
421:
391:
364:
303:
273:
256:
239:
1:
565:. Red Sea Press. p. 70.
473:. Red Sea Press. p. 69.
316:. Red Sea Press. p. 69.
286:. Routledge. pp. 72–73.
232:
183:as governor of the province.
1439:Medieval history of Ethiopia
1372:Second Ajuran-Portuguese war
7:
1367:First Ajuran-Portuguese war
678:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
651:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
624:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
559:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
467:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
428:Braukämper, Ulrich (1977).
310:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
220:
10:
1460:
155:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
53:
1380:
1357:Adal conquest of Ethiopia
1344:
1314:
1268:
1224:
1165:
1015:
829:
822:
500:. Routledge. p. 71.
343:. Taylor & Francis.
138:who faced the forces of
136:Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din
1444:Monarchies of Ethiopia
168:Battle of Shimbra Kure
95:Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari
66:
61:
246:Ayenachew, Deresse.
1434:Regions of Ethiopia
1352:Ethiopian–Adal war
1322:Kingdom of Wolaita
997:Sultanate of Showa
852:Sultanate of Harar
755:Ethiopianist Notes
592:Ethiopianist Notes
527:Ethiopianist Notes
434:Ethiopianist Notes
77:. After occupying
67:
1421:
1420:
1388:Solomonic dynasty
1340:
1339:
735:978-1-315-30809-8
507:978-1-136-97022-1
497:Islam in Ethiopia
411:978-92-3-101710-0
384:978-0-521-20981-6
293:978-1-136-97022-1
283:Islam in Ethiopia
227:Sultanate of Ifat
1451:
1413:Makhzumi dynasty
1403:Goobroon dynasty
1393:Walashma dynasty
1362:Oromo migrations
1327:Kingdom of Damot
1315:Wolaita kingdoms
1296:Kingdom of Damot
827:
826:
808:
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1422:
1417:
1376:
1336:
1310:
1269:Sidama kingdoms
1264:
1220:
1161:
1011:
872:Aussa Sultanate
818:
812:
782:
781:
771:
769:
747:
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261:
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244:
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151:Futuh al-Habasa
144:Battle of Gomit
119:Jamal ad-Din II
109:, a goat 3,000
71:Royal Chronicle
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1457:
1447:
1446:
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1419:
1418:
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1405:
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1398:Gareen dynasty
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869:
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859:
854:
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844:
839:
833:
831:
824:
820:
819:
816:Horn of Africa
811:
810:
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796:
788:
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779:
741:
734:
714:
697:
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329:
322:
302:
292:
272:
255:
237:
236:
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231:
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229:
222:
219:
159:Adal Sultanate
88:Jamal Ad-Din I
55:
52:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1456:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Zagwe dynasty
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
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1385:
1383:
1379:
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1202:
1199:
1197:
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1134:
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1111:
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1079:
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1074:
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1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
847:Aussa Imamate
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
832:
828:
825:
821:
817:
809:
804:
802:
797:
795:
790:
789:
786:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
745:
737:
731:
728:. Routledge.
727:
726:
718:
710:
709:
701:
693:
691:9780932415196
687:
683:
682:
674:
666:
664:9780932415196
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655:
647:
639:
637:9780932415196
633:
629:
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572:9780932415196
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480:9780932415196
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350:9781317052715
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323:9780932415196
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132:
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108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
84:
83:Sabr ad-Din I
80:
76:
72:
65:
60:
51:
49:
48:Arsi Province
45:
42:and north of
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1033:Akkele Guzay
770:. Retrieved
758:
754:
744:
724:
717:
707:
700:
680:
673:
653:
646:
626:
619:
607:. Retrieved
595:
591:
581:
561:
554:
542:. Retrieved
530:
526:
516:
496:
489:
469:
462:
437:
433:
423:
415:
400:
393:
373:
366:
354:. Retrieved
339:
332:
312:
305:
297:
282:
275:
265:
258:
248:
241:
207:
196:
185:
150:
148:
129:
123:
110:
106:
102:
92:
70:
68:
36:Amda Seyon I
23:
19:
18:
1225:Kingdom of
1168:Beta Israel
1166:Kingdom of
73:of Emperor
1428:Categories
404:. UNESCO.
233:References
203:Gelawdewos
192:Gelawdewos
188:Wanya Daga
140:Zara Yaqob
126:Zara Yaqob
75:Amda Seyon
1381:Dynasties
1276:Bahargamo
1103:Mai-Tsade
862:Mogadishu
761:(2): 18.
598:(2): 18.
533:(2): 18.
446:1063-2751
440:(2): 19.
131:Fitawrari
1291:Kambaata
1191:Waldebba
1088:Hamasien
1083:Gheralta
1078:Entitcho
1053:Begemder
1023:Ambassel
887:Aymallal
877:Arababni
767:42731322
604:42731322
539:42731322
454:42731322
221:See also
124:Emperor
1332:Welayta
1260:Wolayta
1245:Janjero
1216:Wolqayt
1211:Tsegede
1176:Dembiya
1118:Tselemt
1108:Tembien
1093:Haramat
1073:Enderta
1068:Dembela
1063:Delanta
1002:Tankish
992:Sharkha
912:Dankali
897:Baqulin
882:Argobba
164:Dawit I
142:at the
115:Dawit I
111:hakunas
107:hakunas
103:hakunas
54:History
28:Amharic
1345:Events
1306:Sigamo
1301:Sidamo
1281:Buzamo
1240:Enarya
1201:Wegera
1196:Semien
1186:Gojjam
1142:Efrata
1128:Semada
1123:Salowa
1113:Tigray
1038:Amhara
1007:Werjih
987:Qita'a
982:Nagash
957:Hadiya
952:Gurage
947:Gidaya
937:Gabaal
932:Dawaro
922:Belgin
907:Dobe'a
902:Dahlak
842:Ajuran
823:States
765:
732:
688:
661:
634:
602:
569:
537:
504:
477:
452:
444:
408:
381:
347:
320:
290:
211:Jaarso
199:Oromos
181:Gaturi
40:Hadiya
32:Hadiya
20:Dawaro
1255:Sheka
1250:Kaffa
1235:Dawro
1227:Damot
1206:Qwara
1181:Gafat
1152:Shire
1146:Geshe
1138:Shewa
1133:Serae
1098:Lasta
1058:Bugna
1043:Angot
1028:Agame
967:Jarin
962:Harar
917:Bazin
867:Tunni
772:2 May
763:JSTOR
609:2 May
600:JSTOR
544:2 May
535:JSTOR
450:JSTOR
356:2 May
176:jizya
172:Harar
24:Doaro
1286:Garo
1048:Bahr
977:Mora
972:Maya
942:Ganz
927:Dara
892:Bale
857:Ifat
837:Adal
774:2023
730:ISBN
686:ISBN
659:ISBN
632:ISBN
611:2023
567:ISBN
546:2023
502:ISBN
475:ISBN
442:ISSN
406:ISBN
379:ISBN
358:2023
345:ISBN
318:ISBN
288:ISBN
215:Arsi
99:Ifat
79:Ifat
64:Horn
44:Bali
1157:Wag
179:al-
22:or
1430::
1144:,
757:.
753:.
594:.
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807:e
800:t
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759:1
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548:.
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