181:). The incisors occupy the front of the tooth row in both upper and lower jaws. They are normally flat, chisel-shaped teeth that meet in an edge-to-edge bite. Their function is cutting, slicing, or gnawing food into manageable pieces that fit into the mouth for further chewing. The canines are immediately behind the incisors. In many mammals, the canines are pointed, tusk-shaped teeth, projecting beyond the level of the other teeth. In carnivores, they are primarily offensive weapons for bringing down prey. In other mammals such as some primates, they are used to split open hard-surfaced food. In humans, the canine teeth are the main components in occlusal function and articulation. The mandibular teeth function against the maxillary teeth in a particular movement that is harmonious to the shape of the occluding surfaces. This creates the incising and grinding functions. The teeth must mesh together the way gears mesh in a transmission. If the interdigitation of the opposing cusps and incisal edges are not directed properly the teeth will wear abnormally (attrition), break away irregular crystalline enamel structures from the surface (abrasion), or fracture larger pieces (abfraction). This is a three-dimensional movement of the mandible in relation to the maxilla. There are three points of guidance: the two posterior points provided by the temporomandibular joints and the anterior component provided by the incisors and canines. The incisors mostly control the vertical opening of the chewing cycle when the muscles of mastication move the jaw forwards and backwards (protrusion/retrusion). The canines come into function guiding the vertical movement when the chewing is side to side (lateral). The canines alone can cause the other teeth to separate at the extreme end of the cycle (cuspid guided function) or all the posterior teeth can continue to stay in contact (group function). The entire range of this movement is the envelope of masticatory function. The initial movement inside this envelope is directed by the shape of the teeth in contact and the Glenoid Fossa/Condyle shape. The outer extremities of this envelope are limited by muscles, ligaments and the articular disc of the TMJ. Without the guidance of anterior incisors and canines, this envelope of function can be destructive to the remaining teeth resulting in periodontal trauma from occlusion seen as wear, fracture or tooth loosening and loss. The premolars and molars are at the back of the mouth. Depending on the particular mammal and its diet, these two kinds of teeth prepare pieces of food to be swallowed by grinding, shearing, or crushing. The specialised teeth—incisors, canines, premolars, and molars—are found in the same order in every mammal. In many mammals, the infants have a set of teeth that fall out and are replaced by
205:, with the upper and lower teeth shown on separate rows. The number of teeth in a mouth is twice that listed, as there are two sides. In each set, incisors (I) are indicated first, canines (C) second, premolars (P) third, and finally molars (M), giving I:C:P:M. So for example, the formula 2.1.2.3 for upper teeth indicates 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars on one side of the upper mouth. The deciduous dental formula is notated in lowercase lettering preceded by the letter d: for example: di:dc:dp.
2149:. While most dinosaurs had a single row of teeth on each side of their jaws, others had dental batteries where teeth in the cheek region were fused together to form compound teeth. Individually these teeth were not suitable for grinding food, but when joined together with other teeth they would form a large surface area for the mechanical digestion of tough plant materials. This type of dental strategy is observed in ornithopod and ceratopsian dinosaurs as well as the duck-billed
2070:). The structure and arrangement of teeth is constant and, although it is inherited, does not undergo extensive change during environmental change, dietary specializations, or alterations in use patterns. The rest of the skeleton is much more likely to exhibit change because of adaptation. Teeth also preserve better than bone, and so the sample of teeth available to archaeologists is much more extensive and therefore more representative.
151:) that are completely replaceable. The mammalian pattern is significantly different. The teeth in the upper and lower jaws in mammals have evolved a close-fitting relationship such that they operate together as a unit. "They 'occlude', that is, the chewing surfaces of the teeth are so constructed that the upper and lower teeth are able to fit precisely together, cutting, crushing, grinding or tearing the food caught between."
38:
2175:
2138:
The majority of dinosaurs had teeth that were similarly shaped throughout their jaws but varied in size. Dinosaur tooth shapes included cylindrical, peg-like, teardrop-shaped, leaf-like, diamond-shaped and blade-like. A dinosaur that has a variety of tooth shapes is said to have heterodont dentition.
649:
Regarding premolars, there is disagreement regarding whether the third type of deciduous tooth is a premolar (the general consensus among mammalogists) or a molar (commonly held among human anatomists). There is thus some discrepancy between nomenclature in zoology and in dentistry. This is because
134:
on the skin surface moving into the mouth, or vice versa. Despite this debate, it is accepted that vertebrate teeth are homologous to the dermal denticles found on the skin of basal
Gnathostomes (i.e. Chondrichtyans). Since the origin of teeth some 450 mya, the vertebrate dentition has diversified
2130:
dentition. Teeth that were lost were replaced by teeth below the roots in each tooth socket. Occlusion refers to the closing of the dinosaur's mouth, where the teeth from the upper and lower parts of the jaw meet. If the occlusion causes teeth from the maxillary or premaxillary bones to cover the
2073:
Dentition is particularly useful in tracking ancient populations' movements, because there are differences in the shapes of incisors, the number of grooves on molars, presence/absence of wisdom teeth, and extra cusps on particular teeth. These differences can not only be associated with different
72:. In particular, it is the characteristic arrangement, kind, and number of teeth in a given species at a given age. That is, the number, type, and morpho-physiology (that is, the relationship between the shape and form of the tooth in question and its inferred function) of the teeth of an animal.
2094:
bones. The maxilla is the main bone of the upper jaw. The premaxilla is a smaller bone forming the anterior of the animal's upper jaw. The dentary is the main bone that forms the lower jaw (mandible). The predentary is a smaller bone that forms the anterior end of the lower jaw in ornithischian
197:
Because every mammal's teeth are specialised for different functions, many mammal groups have lost the teeth that are not needed in their adaptation. Tooth form has also undergone evolutionary modification as a result of natural selection for specialised feeding or other adaptations. Over time,
650:
the terms of human dentistry, which have generally prevailed over time, have not included mammalian dental evolutionary theory. There were originally four premolars in each quadrant of early mammalian jaws. However, all living primates have lost at least the first premolar. "Hence most of the
3057:
are more reliable, although there is a self-evident error for
Cirelli's calculation of the upper female range of 40, which is not possible from the figures he provides. One can only arrive at an upper figure of 38 without canines, which for females Cirelli shows as 0/0. It appears canines do
382:. Superscript and subscript denote upper and lower jaw, i.e. do not indicate mathematical operations; the numbers are the count of the teeth of each type. The dashes (-) in the formula are likewise not mathematical operators, but spacers, meaning "to": for instance the human formula is
568:
581:. When the upper and lower dental formulae are the same, some texts write the formula without a fraction (in this case, 2.1.2.3), on the implicit assumption that the reader will realise it must apply to both upper and lower quadrants. This is seen, for example, throughout
658:
have three premolars. Some genera have also lost more than one. A second premolar has been lost in all catarrhines. The remaining permanent premolars are then properly identified as P2, P3 and P4 or P3 and P4; however, traditional dentistry refers to them as P1 and P2".
2157:. The teeth of carnivorous dinosaurs, called ziphodont, were typically blade-like or cone-shaped, curved, with serrated edges. This dentition was adapted for grasping and cutting through flesh. In some cases, as observed in the railroad-spike-sized teeth of
369:
189:, primary teeth, baby teeth or milk teeth. Animals that have two sets of teeth, one followed by the other, are said to be diphyodont. Normally the dental formula for milk teeth is the same as for adult teeth except that the molars are missing.
1428:) may be absent or rudimentary, and is mostly present only in the upper (maxillary) jaw. The canines are small and spade-shaped, and usually present only in males. Canines appear in 20–25% of females and are usually smaller than in males.
3355:. The utility of dental formulae in species identification is indicated throughout this dictionary. Dental formulae are noted for many species, both extant and extinct, and where unknown (in some extinct species) this is noted.
2065:
Dentition, or the study of teeth, is an important area of study for archaeologists, especially those specializing in the study of older remains. Dentition affords many advantages over studying the rest of the skeleton itself
2074:
populations across space, but also change over time so that the study of the characteristics of teeth could say which population one is dealing with, and at what point in that population's history they are.
2799:
417:
130:
The evolutionary origin of the vertebrate dentition remains contentious. Current theories suggest either an "outside-in" or "inside-out" evolutionary origin to teeth, with the dentition arising from
2131:
teeth of the dentary and predentary, the dinosaur is said to have an overbite, the most common condition in this group. The opposite condition is considered to be an underbite, which is rare in
1493:
are congenitally absent in 20–23% of the human population; the proportion of agenesis of wisdom teeth varies considerably among human populations, ranging from a near 0% incidence rate among
393:
meaning that people may have 2 or 3 molars on each side of each jaw. 'd' denotes deciduous teeth (i.e. milk or baby teeth); lower case also indicates temporary teeth. Another annotation is
3062:
that canines are "usually present only in males". However, Pence's and
Cirelli's references are clearly otherwise useful, hence the inclusion, but with the caveat of this footnote.
230:
3049:, p. 7) gives erroneous upper and lower figures of 40 to 44 for the dental range. It is not possible to arrive at this range from the figures she provides. The figures from
1156:
The cow has no upper incisors or canines, the rostral portion of the upper jaw forming a dental pad. The lower canine is incisiform, giving the appearance of a 4th incisor.
2719:
208:
An animal's dentition for either deciduous or permanent teeth can thus be expressed as a dental formula, written in the form of a fraction, which can be written as
3661:
2982:
198:
different mammal groups have evolved distinct dental features, both in the number and type of teeth and in the shape and size of the chewing surface.
1465:. Human anatomists and mammal anatomists differ on whether the two anterior deciduous teeth are premolars (mammalogists) or molars (human anatomists)
687:
have the sequence M1 I1 I2 C P3 P4 M2 M3. The later that tooth emergence begins, the earlier the anterior teeth (I1–P4) appear in the sequence.
3284:
642:
teeth are I1, I2, C1, P3, P4, M1, M2, and M3. (See next paragraph for premolar naming etymology.) In humans, the third molar is known as the
1424:
Permanent dentition varies from 36 to 42, depending on the presence or absence of canines and the number of premolars. The first premolar (
2560:
3693:
2776:
3131:
2680:
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Martin et al. (2016) Sox2+ progenitors in sharks link taste development with the evolution of regenerative teeth from denticles, PNAS
563:{\displaystyle (I^{2}{\text{-}}C^{1}{\text{-}}P^{2}{\text{-}}M^{3})/(I_{2}{\text{-}}C_{1}{\text{-}}P_{2}{\text{-}}M_{3})\times 2=32.}
2858:
2814:
The dental formula for both
Bactrian and dromedary camels is incisors (I) 1/3, canines (C) 1/1, premolars (P) 3/2, molars (M) 3/3.
2598:
2163:, the teeth were designed to puncture and crush bone. Some dinosaurs had procumbent teeth, which projected forward in the mouth.
3072:
Rozkovcová, E.; Marková, M.; DolejšĂ, J. (1999). "Studies on agenesis of third molars amongst populations of different origin".
3415:
Adovasio, J. M.; Pedler, David (2005), "The peopling of North
America", in Pauketat, Timothy R.; Loren, Diana DiPaolo (eds.),
3638:
3603:
3567:
3531:
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3467:
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2695:
2632:
2535:
2300:
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3651:(link provided to title page to give reader choice of scrolling straight to relevant chapter or perusing other material).
3161:
1311:) belong. Specialised morphology for gummivory includes procumbent dental comb and caniniform upper anterior premolars.
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3778:
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2290:
615:
for pigs. Mammalian tooth counts are usually identical in the upper and lower jaws, but not always. For example, the
219:, or I.C.P.M / I.C.P.M. For example, the following formulae show the deciduous and usual permanent dentition of all
604:. However, no living placental mammal has this number. In extant placental mammals, the maximum dental formula is
3686:
147:: however most of these groups continue to possess a long row of pointed or sharp-sided, undifferentiated teeth (
110:. The dentition of animals in which the teeth are continuously discarded and replaced throughout life is termed
3626:
2967:
17:
1536:. Proponents of both formulae agree there are 30 teeth and that there are only four teeth in the dental comb.
3846:
364:{\displaystyle (di^{2}{\text{-}}dc^{1}{\text{-}}dm^{2})/(di_{2}{\text{-}}dc_{1}{\text{-}}dm_{2})\times 2=20.}
1943:
Prosimians. Lower incisors and canines form a dental comb; upper anterior dentition is peg-like and short.
1498:
408:
the fact that it pertains to deciduous teeth is clearly stated, per examples found in some texts such as
157:
have up to four distinct types of teeth, though not all types are present in all mammals. These are the
3679:
3615:
Feldhamer, George A.; Lee C. Drickhamer; Stephen H. Vessey; Joseph F. Merritt; Carey
Krajewski (2007),
3614:
2243:
684:
80:
Animals whose teeth are all of the same type, such as most non-mammalian vertebrates, are said to have
824:. All are rabbit-sized, brown, jumping marsupials and resemble a large rodent or a very small wallaby.
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3841:
1558:
A prosimian. The upper incisors are lost in the adult, but are present in the deciduous dentition.
65:
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1041:
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1304:
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2508:, p. 139. See section on dental eruption sequence, where numbering used is per this text.
201:
The number of teeth of each type is written as a dental formula for one side of the mouth, or
3588:
3518:
3123:
2674:
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Unless otherwise stated, the formulae can be assumed to be for adult, or permanent dentition.
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2647:
116:. The dentition of animals in which the teeth are set in sockets in the jawbones is termed
8:
3808:
3589:"Chapter 1: Introduction (pp. 1–11) and Chapter 2: Dental anatomy (pp. 12–20)."
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Some articles have helpful discussions on dentition, which will be listed as identified.
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A dinosaur's dentition included all the teeth in its jawbones, which consist of the
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2295:, vol. 1: A–M (6th ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 646,
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teeth grew individually in the sockets of the jawbones, which are known as the
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106:, while the dentition of animals with only one set of teeth throughout life is
3285:"Behavioral inferences from the high levels of dental chipping in Homo naledi"
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dentition, whereas those whose teeth differ morphologically are said to have
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2332:"The odontode explosion: The origin of tooth-like structures in vertebrates"
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The last upper premolar and first lower molar of the cat, since it is a
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For image of skulls and more information on dental formula of mammals.
3596:
Primate
Dentition: An Introduction to the Teeth of Non-human Primates
3520:
Primate
Dentition: An Introduction to the Teeth of Non-human Primates
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2119:
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140:
31:
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2913:
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2429:
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2145:
2132:
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1948:
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817:
813:
750:
630:, demonstrating the need for both upper and lower quadrant counts.
170:
131:
92:
dentition. The dentition of animals with two successions of teeth (
50:
3239:
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3203:
3104:
3092:
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2923:
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2083:
1970:
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1231:
948:
852:
672:
667:
The order in which teeth emerge through the gums is known as the
616:
158:
136:
42:
3454:
Mai, Larry L.; Young Owl, Marcus; Kersting, M. Patricia (2005),
2528:
Culture, People, Nature: An
Introduction to General Anthropology
2424:
3366:"Palaeos Vertebrates > Bones > Teeth: Tooth Implantation"
2115:
2095:
dinosaurs; it is always edentulous and supported a horny beak.
2037:
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1754:
1308:
985:
154:
1992:
1866:
1843:
1820:
1607:
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1406:
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1277:) also have this dental formula, but the mouse lemurs have a
1063:
910:
728:
683:
have an eruption sequence of M1 I1 I2 M2 P3 P4 C M3, whereas
639:
69:
3560:
Human
Biology and Behaviour: An Anthropological Perspective
2014:
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144:
3334:
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Freeman, Patricia W.; Genoways, Hugh H. (December 1998),
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1185:
1162:
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906:
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Teeth are numbered starting at 1 in each group. Thus the
3462:, Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press,
3393:. Second Edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. 560 pp.
3283:
Towle, Ian; Irish, Joel D.; Groote, Isabelle De (2017).
3071:
2623:
Andrew W. Claridge; John H. Seebeck; Randy Rose (2007),
2446:
2444:
2442:
410:
The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution.
3458:
The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution
2696:"Recent northern records of the Nine-banded Armadillo (
969:. The aye-aye's deciduous dental formula (dI:dC:dM) is
583:
The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution
723:(e.g., opossums) can have more teeth than placentals.
2439:
2289:
Angus Stevenson, ed. (2007), "Dentition definition",
420:
233:
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3251:
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3233:
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2433:
2170:
3189:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 94–118.
3058:sometimes appear in females, hence the sentence in
3030:
3028:
2903:
The dental formula is 3/2, 1/1, 4/4, 1-3/1 = 34-38.
3455:
2649:University Of Edinburgh Natural History Collection
1655:All New World monkeys have a dentition formula of
562:
363:
3583:
3480:(2nd revised ed.), London: Macmillan Press,
3258:Emily, Peter P.; Eisner, Edward R. (2021-06-16).
2676:Dental formulae of mammal skulls of North America
2486:
2484:
2482:
671:. Rapidly developing anthropoid primates such as
3823:
3500:, Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
3282:
3025:
2552:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2313:
2311:
2153:, which had more than one hundred teeth in each
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2288:
2060:
1249:Prosimian genus to which the large Malagasy or
3539:
3414:
3154:"Plains Pocket Mouse (Perognathus flavescens)"
3059:
3054:
3034:
2479:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2139:An example of this are dinosaurs of the group
3687:
2625:Bettongs, Potoroos and the Musky Rat-kangaroo
2522:
2511:
2308:
2282:
1917:. Possess dental comb comprising four teeth.
1514:A prosimian. Dental formula disputed. Either
812:The marsupial family Potoroidae includes the
633:
2997:
2995:
2530:(5th ed.), New York: Harper & Row,
1895:Prosimians. Dental formula disputed. Either
3257:
2763:
2761:
2405:
917:share this formula, sometimes known as the
690:
662:
3694:
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3014:
3012:
3010:
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2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
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2743:
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697:Some examples of mammalian dental formulae
589:The greatest number of teeth in any known
3622:Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology
3617:"4: Evolution and Dental Characteristics"
3598:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
3557:
3543:Family Equidae: Horses, asses, and zebras
3526:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
3340:
3292:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
3183:Rose, Kenneth David (2006). "Cimolesta".
2992:
2880:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
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2399:
2387:
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3513:
3419:, Blackwell Publishing, pp. 35–36,
2418:
53:, and two of the three possible sets of
36:
3007:
2738:
2578:Fauna of Australia Volume 1b - Mammalia
2568:Fauna of Australia Volume 1b - Mammalia
2558:
2235:Dentition discussions in other articles
14:
3824:
3610:See also preview pages in Google books
3562:(4th ed.), Boston: Little Brown,
3475:
3391:Introduction to the Study of Dinosaurs
2819:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2490:
2329:
2317:
593:land mammal was 48, with a formula of
3701:
3675:
3493:
3478:Macmillan Dictionary of Life Sciences
3407:
3134:from the original on 28 February 2017
3046:
3039:
3001:
2886:
2797:
2543:
1134:and are used to slice meat and skin.
879:Some examples of dental formulae for
873:
713:
3662:Colorado State's Dental Anatomy Page
3353:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
3246:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
3234:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
3222:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
3210:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
3182:
3111:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
3099:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
2954:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
2942:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
2930:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
2918:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
2733:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
2506:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
2474:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
2434:Mai, Young Owl & Kersting (2005)
27:Development and arrangement of teeth
3497:Equine Dentistry: A Practical Guide
3432:
3186:The Beginning of the Age of Mammals
3164:from the original on 7 October 2017
3050:
3020:
2779:from the original on 8 October 2012
2660:
2330:Fraser, G. J.; et al. (2010).
24:
3577:
3558:Weiss, M. L.; Mann, A. E. (1985),
2965:
2143:and the enigmatic early dinosaur,
41:Cast of a human upper jaw showing
25:
3858:
3779:Epithelial cell rests of Malassez
3655:
2292:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary
2118:, but is not found among the non-
646:, whether or not it has erupted.
192:
3262:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 319.
2988:from the original on 2016-08-04.
2601:from the original on 4 July 2017
2173:
3383:
3370:Palaeos: Life through Deep Time
3358:
3276:
3176:
3146:
3116:
3065:
2959:
2859:"Using Dentition to Age Cattle"
2851:
2798:Bravo, P. Walter (2016-08-27).
2773:Chunnie's British Mammal Skulls
2722:from the original on 2011-06-11
2683:from the original on 2011-04-14
2656:from the original on 2012-03-01
2583:
3627:Johns Hopkins University Press
3442:, Nevada: University of Nevada
2372:
2323:
719:Non-placental mammals such as
545:
487:
479:
421:
346:
294:
286:
234:
75:
13:
1:
3260:Zoo and Wild Animal Dentistry
2122:reptiles, which instead have
2110:dentition is also present in
1303:Prosimian genus to which the
919:cercopithecoid dental formula
68:and their arrangement in the
2276:
2077:
2061:Dentition use in archaeology
570:This can also be written as
371:This can also be written as
7:
3045:Regarding horse dentition,
2704:The Southwestern Naturalist
2166:
125:
10:
3863:
3417:North American Archaeology
1699:Extinct suborder of early
685:anatomically modern humans
634:Tooth naming discrepancies
29:
3761:
3735:
3709:
1631:) have dental formula of
3494:Pence, Patricia (2002),
2595:www.1902encyclopedia.com
2559:Johnson, Ken A. (n.d.).
2090:, and in some cases the
1305:needle-clawed bushbabies
691:Dental formulae examples
669:dental eruption sequence
663:Dental eruption sequence
30:Not to be confused with
3799:Inner enamel epithelium
3794:Outer enamel epithelium
3625:, Baltimore, Maryland:
3546:, Ultimate Unqulate.com
3341:Weiss & Mann (1985)
2451:Weiss & Mann (1985)
2400:Weiss & Mann (1985)
2388:Weiss & Mann (1985)
2098:Unlike modern lizards,
1042:Mexican free-tailed bat
3774:Epithelial root sheath
3476:Martin, E. A. (1983),
3389:Martin, A. J. (2006).
2561:""Fauna of Australia""
2348:10.1002/bies.200900151
1629:Perognathus flavescens
564:
365:
58:
2679:, Wildwood Tracking,
2244:African bush elephant
1495:Aboriginal Tasmanians
909:(excluding 20–23% of
565:
366:
40:
3847:Veterinary dentistry
3540:Ultimate Ungulates,
2893:Animal Diversity Web
2887:Myers, Phil (2000).
2627:, Csiro Publishing,
418:
231:
223:, including humans:
100:) is referred to as
66:development of teeth
3809:Stratum intermedium
2735:, pp. 134, 139
2141:Heterodontosauridae
1625:Plains pocket mouse
1499:Indigenous Mexicans
1497:to near 100% among
699:
221:catarrhine primates
185:. These are called
3804:Stellate reticulum
3515:Swindler, Daris R.
3408:General references
3343:, pp. 130–135
3304:10.1002/ajpa.23250
3060:Ultimate Ungulates
3055:Ultimate Ungulates
3035:Ultimate Ungulates
2402:, pp. 132–135
2390:, pp. 130–131
2219:Phalangeal formula
2204:Dentition analysis
773:Musky rat-kangaroo
695:
681:australopithecines
560:
361:
59:
3819:
3818:
3703:Tooth development
3640:978-0-8018-8695-9
3605:978-0-521-65289-6
3585:Daris R. Swindler
3569:978-0-673-39013-4
3533:978-0-521-65289-6
3507:978-0-683-30403-9
3487:978-0-333-34867-3
3469:978-0-521-66486-8
3426:978-0-631-23184-4
3196:978-0-8018-8472-6
2968:"The Guinea Pig (
2834:"Dental formulae"
2634:978-0-643-09341-6
2537:978-0-06-042697-2
2302:978-0-19-920687-2
2160:Tyrannosaurus rex
2058:
2057:
1648:New World monkeys
915:Old World monkeys
881:placental mammals
820:, and two of the
619:has a formula of
533:
518:
503:
467:
452:
437:
331:
313:
271:
253:
16:(Redirected from
3854:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3608:
3593:
3572:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3536:
3525:
3510:
3490:
3472:
3461:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3441:
3436:Equine Dentition
3429:
3402:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3289:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3158:www.nsrl.ttu.edu
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3128:www.geocities.ws
3124:"Dental Formula"
3120:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3074:SbornĂk LĂ©kaĹ™skĂ˝
3069:
3063:
3043:
3037:
3032:
3023:
3018:
3005:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2976:
2966:Noonan, Denise.
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2865:. Archived from
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2838:www.provet.co.uk
2830:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2765:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2671:
2658:
2657:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2520:
2509:
2503:
2494:
2488:
2477:
2471:
2454:
2448:
2437:
2431:
2422:
2416:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2359:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2286:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1880:
1879:
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1875:
1858:
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1835:
1834:
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1830:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1696:
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1691:
1676:
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1671:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1641:
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1621:
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1616:
1599:
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1487:
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1398:
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1348:
1331:
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1300:
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1222:
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1217:
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1199:
1198:
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1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1123:
1122:
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1118:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
999:
998:
997:
994:
979:
978:
977:
974:
962:
961:
960:
957:
940:
939:
938:
935:
902:
901:
900:
897:
866:
865:
864:
861:
844:
843:
842:
839:
809:
808:
807:
804:
786:
785:
784:
781:
764:
763:
762:
759:
742:
741:
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737:
700:
694:
629:
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362:
345:
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293:
285:
284:
272:
269:
267:
266:
254:
251:
249:
248:
218:
217:
216:
213:
64:pertains to the
21:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3842:Dentition types
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3757:
3731:
3710:Precursor cells
3705:
3700:
3658:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3606:
3591:
3580:
3578:Further reading
3575:
3570:
3549:
3547:
3534:
3523:
3508:
3488:
3470:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3427:
3410:
3405:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3287:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3070:
3066:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3008:
3000:
2993:
2985:
2974:
2970:Cavia porcellus
2964:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2909:
2897:
2895:
2885:
2881:
2872:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2820:
2808:
2806:
2804:veteriankey.com
2796:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2767:
2766:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2692:
2688:
2673:
2672:
2661:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2621:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2572:
2570:
2563:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2521:
2512:
2504:
2497:
2489:
2480:
2472:
2457:
2449:
2440:
2432:
2425:
2419:Swindler (2002)
2417:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2328:
2324:
2316:
2309:
2303:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2237:
2214:Permanent teeth
2194:Dental notation
2189:Deciduous teeth
2181:Medicine portal
2179:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2080:
2063:
2054:
2043:
2042:
2032:
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2020:
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1975:
1965:
1954:
1953:
1932:
1931:
1925:
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1907:
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1896:
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1715:
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1667:
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1633:
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1613:
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1602:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1569:
1568:
1547:
1546:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1479:
1478:
1473:permanent teeth
1466:
1456:
1455:
1445:
1444:
1435:deciduous teeth
1413:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1389:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1323:
1322:
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1238:
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1002:
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953:
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932:
931:
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893:
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858:
857:
847:
836:
835:
831:Tasmanian devil
825:
801:
800:
789:
778:
777:
767:
756:
755:
745:
734:
733:
706:Dental formula
693:
665:
636:
621:
620:
606:
605:
595:
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572:
571:
539:
535:
530:
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195:
187:deciduous teeth
128:
78:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3860:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3832:Mammal anatomy
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3769:Dental papilla
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3753:Tooth eruption
3750:
3745:
3739:
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3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
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3719:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3657:
3656:External links
3654:
3653:
3652:
3639:
3612:
3604:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3555:
3537:
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3425:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
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3382:
3357:
3345:
3333:
3298:(1): 184–192.
3275:
3269:978-1119545811
3268:
3250:
3238:
3226:
3214:
3202:
3195:
3175:
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3103:
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2922:
2907:
2879:
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2818:
2790:
2737:
2725:
2710:(4): 491–504,
2700:) in Nebraska"
2686:
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2342:(9): 808–817.
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2229:Tooth eruption
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
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2184:
2168:
2165:
2155:dental battery
2104:dental alveoli
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743:
731:
725:
724:
717:
711:
710:
707:
704:
692:
689:
664:
661:
635:
632:
587:
586:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
542:
538:
527:
523:
512:
508:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
472:
461:
457:
446:
442:
431:
427:
423:
412:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
343:
339:
335:
325:
321:
317:
307:
303:
299:
296:
292:
288:
283:
279:
275:
265:
261:
257:
247:
243:
239:
236:
194:
193:Dental formula
191:
127:
124:
77:
74:
26:
18:Dental formula
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3859:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3784:Dental lamina
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3642:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3545:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3529:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3471:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3438:
3437:
3433:Cirelli, Al,
3431:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3400:
3399:1-4051-3413-5
3396:
3392:
3386:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3342:
3337:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3271:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3248:, p. 520
3247:
3242:
3236:, p. 371
3235:
3230:
3224:, p. 309
3223:
3218:
3212:, p. 438
3211:
3206:
3198:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3179:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3113:, p. 300
3112:
3107:
3101:, p. 267
3100:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3022:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2971:
2962:
2956:, p. 335
2955:
2950:
2944:, p. 340
2943:
2938:
2932:, p. 550
2931:
2926:
2920:, p. 177
2919:
2914:
2912:
2904:
2894:
2890:
2889:""Otariidae""
2883:
2869:on 2008-09-16
2868:
2864:
2863:fsis.usda.gov
2860:
2854:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2815:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2734:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2579:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2524:Marvin Harris
2519:
2517:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2493:, p. 102
2492:
2491:Martin (1983)
2487:
2485:
2483:
2476:, p. 139
2475:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2453:, p. 134
2452:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2436:, p. 135
2435:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2375:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2320:, p. 103
2319:
2318:Martin (1983)
2314:
2312:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Odontometrics
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2053:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1923:Slender loris
1921:
1920:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:Ruffed lemurs
1252:
1251:'true' lemurs
1248:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1130:, are called
1129:
1125:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1011:
1009:
1008:Big brown bat
1006:
1005:
1001:
989:
987:
984:
983:
968:
964:
952:
950:
947:
946:
942:
930:
928:
925:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
892:
890:
887:
886:
882:
878:
876:
872:
868:
856:
854:
851:
850:
846:
834:
832:
829:
828:
823:
822:rat-kangaroos
819:
815:
811:
799:
797:
793:
792:
788:
776:
774:
771:
770:
766:
754:
752:
749:
748:
744:
732:
730:
727:
726:
722:
718:
716:
715:Non placental
712:
708:
705:
702:
701:
698:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
660:
657:
653:
647:
645:
641:
631:
618:
592:
584:
557:
554:
551:
548:
540:
536:
525:
521:
510:
506:
495:
491:
483:
474:
470:
459:
455:
444:
440:
429:
425:
413:
411:
407:
358:
355:
352:
349:
341:
337:
333:
323:
319:
315:
305:
301:
297:
290:
281:
277:
273:
263:
259:
255:
245:
241:
237:
226:
225:
224:
222:
206:
204:
199:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
123:
121:
120:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
91:
90:
85:
84:
73:
71:
67:
63:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
3789:Enamel organ
3742:
3727:Cementoblast
3644:, retrieved
3621:
3595:
3559:
3548:, retrieved
3542:
3519:
3496:
3477:
3457:
3444:, retrieved
3435:
3416:
3390:
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3369:
3360:
3348:
3336:
3295:
3291:
3278:
3259:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3205:
3185:
3178:
3166:. Retrieved
3157:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3127:
3118:
3106:
3094:
3080:(2): 71–84.
3077:
3073:
3067:
3041:
3002:Pence (2002)
2978:
2969:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2902:
2896:. Retrieved
2892:
2882:
2871:. Retrieved
2867:the original
2862:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2837:
2813:
2807:. Retrieved
2803:
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2772:
2769:"The Skulls"
2728:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2689:
2675:
2648:
2642:
2624:
2603:. Retrieved
2594:
2585:
2577:
2571:. Retrieved
2567:
2554:
2545:
2527:
2421:, p. 11
2395:
2383:
2374:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2291:
2284:
2238:
2158:
2144:
2137:
2112:crocodilians
2097:
2092:premaxillary
2081:
2072:
2064:
1987:Prosimians.
1628:
1491:Wisdom teeth
1286:
1274:
1271:mouse lemurs
1266:
1263:dwarf lemurs
1258:
1230:
1038:Seminole bat
918:
874:
714:
696:
668:
666:
656:platyrrhines
648:
644:wisdom tooth
637:
588:
582:
409:
405:
207:
200:
196:
178:
162:
153:
148:
129:
118:
113:polyphyodont
111:
108:monophyodont
107:
101:
87:
81:
79:
61:
60:
3717:Odontoblast
3629:, pp.
3375:30 November
3047:Pence (2002
3004:, p. 7
2800:"Camelidae"
2698:Dasypodidae
2135:dinosaurs.
1892:See comment
1846:(permanent)
1823:(deciduous)
1734:(permanent)
1711:(deciduous)
1652:See comment
1511:See comment
1440:See comment
1415:3.0-1.3-4.3
1409:(permanent)
1386:(deciduous)
1279:dental comb
1188:(permanent)
1165:(deciduous)
1132:carnassials
1111:(permanent)
1088:(deciduous)
677:chimpanzees
414:Permanent:
378:di2.dc1.dm2
375:di2.dc1.dm2
227:Deciduous:
183:adult teeth
135:within the
76:Terminology
3826:Categories
3722:Ameloblast
2898:2021-05-15
2873:2008-09-06
2809:2021-05-15
2783:15 October
2591:"Kangaroo"
2573:2021-05-15
2151:hadrosaurs
2128:pleurodont
2068:osteometry
1927:Slow loris
1701:eutherians
1683:Pantodonta
1426:wolf tooth
1340:Guinea pig
1275:Microcebus
1209:Eared Seal
796:Potoroidae
721:marsupials
652:prosimians
173:, and the
141:amphibians
103:diphyodont
89:heterodont
3743:Dentition
3312:1096-8644
2336:BioEssays
2277:Citations
2199:Dentistry
2120:archosaur
2108:thecodont
2088:maxillary
2078:Dinosaurs
1542:Lepilemur
1484:2.1.2.2-3
1481:2.1.2.2-3
1418:3.0-1.3.3
1216:3.1.4.1-3
1128:carnivore
1034:hoary bat
967:prosimian
927:Armadillo
875:Placental
591:placental
549:×
389:2.1.2.2-3
386:2.1.2.2-3
350:×
132:odontodes
119:thecodont
98:permanent
94:deciduous
62:Dentition
51:premolars
32:Detention
3748:Teething
3587:(2002),
3517:(2002),
3328:24296825
3320:28542710
3168:28 March
3162:Archived
3138:28 March
3132:Archived
3086:11220165
2983:Archived
2979:ANZCCART
2843:28 March
2777:Archived
2720:archived
2716:30054089
2681:archived
2654:archived
2605:28 March
2599:Archived
2526:(1988),
2366:20730948
2271:Ungulate
2224:Teething
2167:See also
2146:Eoraptor
2133:theropod
2124:acrodont
2100:dinosaur
1971:Tarsiers
1949:Squirrel
1362:Hedgehog
1287:Euoticus
1253:belong.
818:potoroos
814:bettongs
794:Rest of
751:Kangaroo
709:Comment
703:Species
673:macaques
203:quadrant
179:grinding
171:premolar
149:homodont
137:reptiles
126:Overview
83:homodont
43:incisors
3736:General
3051:Cirelli
3021:Cirelli
2357:3034446
2266:Manatee
2254:Red fox
2249:Canidae
2116:mammals
2106:. This
2084:dentary
2048:3.1.3.2
2045:3.1.3.1
2026:1.0.0.3
2023:1.0.0.3
2017:(field)
2003:3.1.2.1
2000:3.1.3.1
1981:1.1.3.3
1978:2.1.3.3
1959:1.0.1.3
1956:1.0.2.3
1937:2.1.3.3
1934:2.1.3.3
1913:1.1.2.3
1910:2.1.2.3
1902:2.0.2.3
1899:2.1.2.3
1888:Sifakas
1877:3.1.3.3
1874:3.1.3.3
1855:3.1.3.3
1852:0.0.3.3
1832:4.0.3.0
1829:0.0.3.0
1809:1.0.0.3
1806:1.0.0.3
1787:3.1.4.2
1784:3.1.4.2
1777:Raccoon
1765:1.0.2.3
1762:2.0.3.3
1743:3.1.4.3
1740:3.1.4.3
1720:3.1.4.0
1717:3.1.4.0
1693:3.1.4.3
1690:3.1.4.3
1673:2.1.3.2
1670:2.1.3.2
1662:2.1.3.3
1659:2.1.3.3
1638:1.0.1.3
1635:1.0.1.3
1618:1.0.0.3
1615:1.0.0.3
1596:3.1.4.3
1593:3.1.4.3
1574:3.1.2.1
1571:3.1.3.1
1552:2.1.3.3
1549:0.1.3.3
1532:1.1.2.3
1529:2.1.2.3
1521:2.0.2.3
1518:2.1.2.3
1471:Human (
1461:2.1.0.2
1458:2.1.0.2
1450:2.1.2.0
1447:2.1.2.0
1443:Either
1433:Human (
1395:3.0.3.0
1392:3.0.3.0
1372:2.1.2.3
1369:3.1.3.3
1350:1.0.1.3
1347:1.0.1.3
1328:3.1.4.3
1325:3.1.4.2
1309:galagos
1297:2.1.3.3
1294:2.1.3.3
1273:(genus
1269:), and
1265:(genus
1259:Varecia
1257:(genus
1243:3.1.3.3
1240:3.1.3.3
1232:Eulemur
1219:2.1.4.1
1197:3.1.4.3
1194:3.1.4.2
1174:3.1.3.0
1171:3.1.3.0
1150:3.1.3.3
1147:0.0.3.3
1120:3.1.2.1
1117:3.1.3.1
1097:3.1.2.0
1094:3.1.3.0
1074:3.1.2.3
1071:1.1.3.3
1052:3.1.2.3
1049:1.1.2.3
1030:Red bat
1018:3.1.2.3
1015:2.1.1.3
996:3.1.3.2
993:3.1.3.1
959:1.0.0.3
956:1.0.1.3
949:Aye-aye
937:0.0.7.1
934:0.0.7.1
899:2.1.2.3
896:2.1.2.3
863:4.1.3.4
860:5.1.3.4
853:Opossum
841:3.1.2.4
838:4.1.2.4
806:1.0.1.4
803:3.1.1.4
783:2.0.1.4
780:3.1.1.4
761:1.0.2.4
758:3.1.2.4
739:3.1.3.4
736:5.1.3.4
626:1.0.0.3
623:1.0.1.3
617:aye-aye
611:3.1.4.3
608:3.1.4.3
600:3.1.5.3
597:3.1.5.3
577:2.1.2.3
574:2.1.2.3
400:2.1.0.2
397:2.1.0.2
215:I.C.P.M
212:I.C.P.M
165:), the
163:cutting
159:incisor
155:Mammals
47:canines
3646:7 June
3637:
3602:
3566:
3550:7 June
3530:
3504:
3484:
3466:
3446:7 June
3423:
3397:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3266:
3193:
3084:
2714:
2631:
2534:
2364:
2354:
2299:
2038:Weasel
1755:Rabbit
986:Badger
913:) and
911:humans
679:, and
169:, the
167:canine
143:, and
55:molars
3837:Teeth
3762:Other
3631:48–67
3592:(PDF)
3524:(PDF)
3440:(PDF)
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1993:Tiger
1867:Shrew
1844:Sheep
1821:Sheep
1608:Mouse
1507:Indri
1407:Horse
1384:Horse
1319:(red)
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1064:Camel
976:2.1.2
973:2.1.2
729:Bilby
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3648:2010
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2785:2011
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1709:Pig
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