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675:. Varying the position of the tongue in relation to the other articulators or moving the lips restricts the airflow from the lungs in different ways and changes the mouth's resonating properties, producing a range of different sounds. In frogs, the sounds can be amplified using sacs in the throat region. The vocal sacs can be inflated and deflated and act as resonators to transfer the sound to the outside world. A bird's song is produced by the flow of air over a vocal organ at the base of the
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456:, which is used to scrape microscopic particles off surfaces. In invertebrates with hard exoskeletons, various mouthparts may be involved in feeding behaviour. Insects have a range of mouthparts suited to their mode of feeding. These include mandibles, maxillae and labium and can be modified into suitable appendages for chewing, cutting, piercing, sponging and sucking.
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animals probably consisted of a mouth and a one-way gut. Some modern invertebrates still have such a system: food being ingested through the mouth, partially broken down by enzymes secreted in the gut, and the resulting particles engulfed by the other cells in the gut lining. Indigestible waste is
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in their stomach to further grind the plant material. Snakes have a very flexible lower jaw, the two halves of which are not rigidly attached, and numerous other joints in their skull. These modifications allow them to open their mouths wide enough to swallow their prey whole, even if it is wider
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Nearly all amphibians are carnivorous as adults. Many catch their prey by flicking out an elongated tongue with a sticky tip and drawing it back into the mouth, where they hold the prey with their jaws. They then swallow their food whole without much chewing. They typically have many small hinged
648:
Various animals use their mouths in threat displays. They may gape widely, exhibit their teeth prominently, or flash the startling colours of the mouth lining. This display allows each potential combatant an opportunity to assess the weapons of their opponent and lessens the likelihood of actual
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in their jaws. They are able to replace each of their approximately 80 teeth up to 50 times during their lives. Most reptiles are either carnivorous or insectivorous, but turtles are often herbivorous. Lacking teeth that are suitable for efficiently chewing of their food, turtles often have
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have a range of sizes and shapes according to their diet and are composed of elongated mandibles. The upper mandible may have a nasofrontal hinge allowing the beak to open wider than would otherwise be possible. The exterior surface of beaks is composed of a thin, horny sheath of
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meaning "first") while the anus formed later as an opening made by the other end of the gut. More recent research, however, shows that in protostomes the edges of the slit-like blastopore close up in the middle, leaving openings at both ends that become the mouth and anus.
440:, the mouth also acts as an anus. Circular muscles around the mouth are able to relax or contract in order to open or close it. A fringe of tentacles thrusts food into the cavity and it can gape widely enough to accommodate large prey items. Food passes first into a
522:, the bases of which are attached to the jaws, while the crowns break off at intervals and are replaced. Most amphibians have one or two rows of teeth in both jaws but some frogs lack teeth in the lower jaw. In many amphibians, there are also
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as it increases evaporation of water across the moist surfaces of the lungs, the tongue and mouth. Birds also avoid overheating by gular fluttering, flapping the wings near the gular (throat) skin, similar to panting in mammals.
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and may seize food with them but most feed by opening their jaws, expanding their pharynx and sucking in food items. The food may be held or chewed by teeth located in the jaws, on the roof of the mouth, on the pharynx or on the
401:. In deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the anus while the gut eventually tunnels through to make another opening, which forms the mouth. In the protostomes, it used to be thought that the blastopore formed the mouth (
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683:. For each burst of song, the bird opens its beak and closes it again afterwards. The beak may move slightly and may contribute to the resonance but the song originates elsewhere.
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Paton, D. C.; Collins, B. G. (1 April 1989). "Bills and tongues of nectar-feeding birds: A review of morphology, function, and performance, with intercontinental comparisons".
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have simple tube-like guts, and the possession of an anus allows them to separate the digestion of their foodstuffs from the absorption of the nutrients. Many molluscs have a
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346:. The digestive products were absorbed into the cytoplasm and diffused into other cells. This form of digestion is used nowadays by simple organisms such as
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on the surface of the body. A few animals which live parasitically originally had guts but have secondarily lost these structures. The original gut of
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Mouths are also used as part of the mechanism for producing sounds for communication. To produce sounds, air is forced from the lungs over
656:, open beak in their fear and threat displays. Some augment the display by hissing or breathing heavily, while others clap their beaks.
436:, almost all animals have an internal gut cavity, which is lined with gastrodermal cells. In less advanced invertebrates such as the
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Robertshaw, David (2006). "Mechanisms for the control of respiratory evaporative heat loss in panting animals".
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are soft and fleshy folds which shape the entrance into the mouth. The buccal cavity empties through the
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Birds do not have teeth, relying instead on other means of gripping and macerating their food. Their
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1568:"Showing Off Your Weapons In The Animal Kingdom: Threat Displays May Prevent Serious Physical Harm"
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464:. Sea urchins have a set of five sharp calcareous plates, which are used as jaws and are known as
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have six pairs of mouth appendages, one pair of mandibles, two pairs of maxillae and three of
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Arendt, D.; Technau, U.; Wittbrodt, J. (2001). "Evolution of the bilaterian larval foregut".
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which, despite their large size, have no mouth or gut and capture their food by endocytosis.
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This article is about the body part in many animals. For the human body part, see
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Songs, Roars and
Rituals: Communication in Birds, Mammals and Other Animals
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The
Audubon Society Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of North America
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have specially adapted brushy tongues for sucking up nectar from flowers.
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living in the tropics can gape with their mouths to provide cooling by
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The mouths of reptiles are largely similar to those of mammals. The
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have a mouth and a gut, the lining of which is continuous with the
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Schröder, Hannsjörg; Moser, Natasha; Huggenberger, Stefan (2020).
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Development of the mouth and anus in protostomes and deuterostomes
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in the larynx. In humans, the pharynx, soft palate, hard palate,
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1630:"The production of speech sounds: Articulators above the larynx"
1336:"Solving an alligator mystery may help humans regrow lost teeth"
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Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
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Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
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Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
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Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
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Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
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Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
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LeBlanc, A. R. H.; Reisz, R. R. (2013). Viriot, Laurent (ed.).
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In vertebrates, the first part of the digestive system is the
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Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David S.; Wheye, Darryl (1998).
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In mammals, the buccal cavity is typically roofed by the
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from the mouth lining. Some mammals rely on panting for
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is a criterion used to classify bilaterian animals into
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First portion of the alimentary canal that receives food
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1433:(2 ed.). W. H. Freeman & Co. p. 149.
1207:Dorit, R. L.; Walker, W. F.; Barnes, R. D. (1991).
1174:Dorit, R. L.; Walker, W. F.; Barnes, R. D. (1991).
832:Dorit, R. L.; Walker, W. F.; Barnes, R. D. (1991).
179:immediately behind the mouth opening, known as the
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717:. Springer International Publishing. p. 105.
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533:are the only reptiles to have teeth anchored in
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526:attached to the bone in the roof of the mouth.
1251:. Princeton University Press. pp. 57–58.
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214:, the mouth is bounded on the outside by the
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444:and digestion occurs extracellularly in the
222:— thus the oral cavity is also known as the
238:on the inside. Except for some groups like
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1664:. Princeton University Press. p. 77.
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714:Neuroanatomy of the Mouse: An Introduction
397:, the first phase in the formation of the
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671:and play their part in the production of
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1392:Behler, John L.; King, F. Wayne (1979).
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840:. Saunders College Publishing. pp.
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1215:. Saunders College Publishing. p.
1182:. Saunders College Publishing. p.
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693:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
288:at the other. Which end forms first in
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1500:
1053:. Cengage Learning. pp. 727–731.
586:. The upper teeth are embedded in the
234:, meaning "cheek") — and contains the
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381:In animals at least as complex as an
338:into which enzymes were secreted and
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744:
667:, tongue, teeth and lips are termed
334:. The particles became enclosed in
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1468:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1989.tb01457.x
762:from the original on Oct 10, 2022.
652:A number of species of bird use a
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1706:
1139:. Cengage Learning. p. 902.
1135:Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition
1096:. Cengage Learning. p. 634.
1092:Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition
1049:Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition
1010:. Cengage Learning. p. 286.
1006:Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition
967:. Cengage Learning. p. 428.
963:Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition
924:. Cengage Learning. p. 103.
920:Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition
810:from the original on Sep 30, 2013
195:), is also the first part of the
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1660:A Natural History of Amphibians
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1247:A Natural History of Amphibians
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284:with a mouth at one end and an
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1507:Ross, Charles A., ed. (1992).
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1:
1717:The dictionary definition of
1534:Journal of Applied Physiology
1456:Australian Journal of Ecology
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594:, which articulates with the
1483:"What is the buccal cavity?"
1299:10.1371/journal.pone.0074697
618:Other functions of the mouth
7:
1656:; Cohen, Nathan W. (1995).
1400:. Alfred A. Knopf. p.
1243:; Cohen, Nathan W. (1995).
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590:and the lower teeth in the
378:ejected through the mouth.
246:, vertebrates usually have
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1511:. Blitz. pp. 48–51.
1509:Crocodiles and Alligators
555:. Nectar feeders such as
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1489:. Conjecture Corporation
649:combat being necessary.
23:. For the landform, see
1425:Gill, Frank B. (1995).
806:. The Free Dictionary.
492:. Nearly all fish have
432:Apart from sponges and
258:instead of oral teeth.
1731:Quotations related to
1371:. Chapman & Hall.
1368:Reptiles and Herbivory
1365:King, Gillian (1996).
645:
582:, and upper and lower
574:and surrounded by the
514:
429:
323:
140:Anatomical terminology
29:Mouth (disambiguation)
27:. For other uses, see
1481:Pourtauborde, Aniza.
780:. The Free Dictionary
640:
507:
446:gastrovascular cavity
424:
328:multicellular animals
321:
280:, have a two-opening
199:, which leads to the
1747:at Wikimedia Commons
804:Dictionary Reference
778:Dictionary Reference
50:freshwater crocodile
1824:Human head and neck
1654:Stebbins, Robert C.
1592:Rogers, Lesley J.;
1290:2013PLoSO...874697L
1241:Stebbins, Robert C.
879:2001Natur.409...81A
774:"Buccal definition"
644:in defensive stance
466:Aristotle's lantern
164:through which many
1634:personal.rdg.ac.uk
800:"Mouth definition"
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515:
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1743:Media related to
1671:978-0-691-03281-8
1594:Kaplan, Gisela T.
1518:978-1-85391-092-0
1258:978-0-691-03281-8
1226:978-0-03-030504-7
1193:978-0-03-030504-7
1146:978-81-315-0104-7
1103:978-81-315-0104-7
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1572:ScienceDaily
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557:hummingbirds
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375:diploblastic
367:most animals
364:
358:and also by
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314:Deuterostome
268:, including
260:
227:
226:(from Latin
223:
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162:body orifice
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155:
105:A05.1.00.001
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1429:Ornithology
746:Gray, Henry
661:vocal cords
627:evaporation
540:gastroliths
499:gill arches
472:Vertebrates
462:maxillipeds
438:sea anemone
395:archenteron
342:took place
332:endocytosis
304:Development
294:protostomes
212:vertebrates
181:oral cavity
177:body cavity
70:Identifiers
58:Switzerland
25:River mouth
21:Human mouth
1813:Categories
1696:2013-11-30
1639:2013-11-30
1578:2013-11-30
1493:2013-11-30
1378:0412461102
1350:4 November
699:References
612:oesophagus
490:gill slits
434:placozoans
391:blastopore
355:Paramecium
310:Protostome
270:arthropods
263:bilaterian
187:cavum oris
1155:cite book
1112:cite book
1069:cite book
1026:cite book
983:cite book
940:cite book
610:into the
592:lower jaw
588:upper jaw
486:operculum
426:Butterfly
383:earthworm
365:However,
340:digestion
278:chordates
171:food and
54:Basel Zoo
1803:Contents
1596:(2000).
1554:16675613
1487:WiseGeek
1318:24023957
1278:PLOS ONE
895:11343117
808:Archived
760:Archived
748:(1918).
687:See also
458:Decapods
450:Annelids
336:vacuoles
290:ontogeny
282:gut tube
274:molluscs
209:tetrapod
203:and the
173:vocalize
81:os, oris
1791:Biology
1779:Animals
1767:Anatomy
1753:Portals
1309:3762739
1286:Bibcode
1211:Zoology
1178:Zoology
903:4406268
875:Bibcode
842:241–242
836:Zoology
814:18 July
784:18 July
677:trachea
608:pharynx
598:of the
553:keratin
535:sockets
513:calling
442:pharynx
412:Anatomy
360:sponges
201:pharynx
166:animals
160:is the
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576:cheeks
572:tongue
454:radula
428:tongue
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387:embryo
385:, the
349:Amoeba
236:tongue
220:cheeks
205:gullet
175:. The
169:ingest
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1720:mouth
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600:skull
584:teeth
548:beaks
482:gills
266:phyla
261:Most
248:teeth
240:birds
230:bucca
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193:Latin
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1666:ISBN
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564:hard
494:jaws
352:and
312:and
296:and
286:anus
276:and
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