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are said to be to avert the inner and outer obstacles that prevent spiritual practitioners from attaining spiritual realizations, as well as to foster the necessary conditions for their practice.
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and tantric traditions of
Buddhism. The wrathfulness is intended to depict their willingness to defend and guard Buddhist followers from dangers and enemies. The
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have a terrifying appearance, they only act in a wrathful way for the benefit of sentient beings.
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1523:: The Essential Practices of Kadampa Buddhism, pages 71-3, Tharpa Publications (2nd. ed., 1997)
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1438:: darumahara, gohō zenshin, gohōshin, shoten zenshin, shoten kijin, shoten zenshin shodaiken,
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often have blue, black, or red skin, and a fierce expression with protruding fangs. Although
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1422:: dámó bōluó, hùfǎ shén, hùfǎ guǐshén, zhūtiān guǐshén, hùfǎ lóngtiān, zhūtiān shànshén,
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Ruthless
Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo-Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
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785:. Trừng Ác often stands with the Khuyến Thiện Dharmapāla to form a pair in
762:. Khuyến Thiện often stands with the Trừng Ác Dharmapāla to form a pair in
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Buddhist
Protectors, Wisdom Deities: Dharmapalas at Himalayan Art Resource
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are fearsome beings, often with many heads, many hands, or many feet.
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1434:: だるまは ら, ごほう ぜんしん, ごほうしん, しょ てんぜんしん, しょ てん きじん, しょ てん ぜんしん しょだい,
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In
Tibetan Buddhism, there are two other classes of defender, the
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754:(劝善护法, Dharmapāla of Encouraging of Good Deeds), 17th century,
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1587:. Oxford University Press. Reprint Delhi: Books Faith, 1996 -
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in the
Tibetan tradition is traceable to early 8th-century.
781:（整恶护法, Dharmapāla of Punishing of Bad Deeds), 17th century,
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872:(the eight kinds of nonhuman beings) is one category of
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are considered by practitioners to be emanations of
1494:Robert E. Buswell Jr.; Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2013).
842:). Only Wisdom Protectors are enlightened beings.
1489:
1487:
1485:
1346:- wrathful guardians of Japanese Buddhist temples
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1500:. Princeton University Press. pp. 249–250.
1482:
862:, depicted with terrifying iconography in the
1641:
1595:. Reprint Delhi: Paljor Publications, 2002 -
716:
2423:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
1557:Delhi: Winsome Books. (Third Reprint 2003)
1330:, for similar protective East Asian deities
1208:) are a group of gods who are venerated as
1648:
1634:
723:
709:
1616:- outline page at Himalayan Art Resources
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
948:
41:This article includes a list of general
3610:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
4301:
3813:List of Buddhist architecture in China
977:and most monasteries have a dedicated
1629:
1428:達磨波羅, 護法善神, 護法神, 諸天善神, 諸天鬼神, 諸天善神諸大眷屬
981:which was originally comparable to a
1497:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
973:. Each school has its own principle
27:
1583:De Nebesky-Wojkowitz, Rene (1956).
1239:
1183:
944:
13:
3600:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1287:
822:Defenders of the Justice (Dharma),
174:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
169:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
47:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
4320:
1607:
1416:達磨波羅, 護法神, 護法鬼神, 諸天鬼神, 護法龍天, 諸天善神
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4271:
4270:
3828:Thai temple art and architecture
3573:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
1813:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
1679:
1666:
1656:
816:protector" in Sanskrit, and the
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109:
32:
1680:
1572:London: Serindia Publications.
1547:
3818:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3620:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
2700:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1891:Places where the Buddha stayed
1533:
1514:
1471:
1464:「梵天帝釋二大天王 日本國中大小神祇 諸天善神 諸大眷屬」（
1458:
1381:
1194:Twenty-Four Protective Deities
1168:Vajrayaksa (Takkiraja) (Tib.
845:
1:
3833:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1555:The Guardian Deities of Tibet
1452:
1308:are also known as defenders.
3590:Buddhism and the Roman world
3566:Decline of Buddhism in India
3561:History of Buddhism in India
1661: Topics in
1374:
1057:Yamaraja/Dharmaraja/Kalarupa
372:Buddhist Paths to liberation
7:
2788:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
2528:
1620:Citipati Buddhist Protector
1585:Oracles and Demons of Tibet
1311:
1012:Principal wisdom protector
21:Dharmapala (disambiguation)
10:
4325:
3738:The unanswerable questions
1196:or the Twenty-Four Devas (
937:The devotional worship of
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3823:Buddhist temples in Korea
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2386:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
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2289:Three planes of existence
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1974:
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1896:Buddha in world religions
1758:
1703:
1675:
1553:Kalsang, Ladrang (1996).
1427:
1415:
1399:
1391:
1254:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
965:There are many different
838:) and Wisdom Protectors (
828:. There are two kinds of
16:Guardian gods of Buddhism
3605:Persecution of Buddhists
2826:Four stages of awakening
2207:Three marks of existence
1793:Physical characteristics
1176:The main functions of a
1153:tsog gi dag po, mar chen
850:A protector of Buddhist
2968:Ten principal disciples
1851:(aunt, adoptive mother)
392:Philosophical reasoning
62:more precise citations.
3678:Buddhism and democracy
3191:Tibetan Buddhist canon
3186:Chinese Buddhist canon
2418:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2413:Early Buddhist schools
1622:- Citipati Ritual Mask
1568:Linrothe, Rob (1999).
1443:
962:
820:are also known as the
159:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3688:Eight Consciousnesses
1798:Life of Buddha in art
952:
876:, which includes the
858:. They are typically
832:, Worldly Guardians (
427:Aids to Enlightenment
252:Dependent Origination
4165:East Asian religions
3595:Buddhism in the West
3166:Early Buddhist texts
2781:Four Right Exertions
2247:Ten spiritual realms
1740:Noble Eightfold Path
985:. The many forms of
826:Guardians of the Law
752:Khuyến Thiện Hộ Pháp
397:Devotional practices
220:Noble Eightfold Path
19:For other uses, see
4288:Religion portal
4035:Temple of the Tooth
3914:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2953:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
2446:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
2229:Two truths doctrine
2049:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1849:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1614:Buddhist Protectors
1145:(Tib. "Tshangs Pa")
1053:(Tib. Palden Lhamo)
787:Vietnamese Buddhism
764:Vietnamese Buddhism
697:Buddhism portal
570:Buddhism by country
332:Sanskrit literature
4210:Western philosophy
3808:Dzong architecture
3630:Vipassana movement
3625:Buddhist modernism
3053:Emperor Wen of Sui
2821:Pratyekabuddhayāna
2754:Threefold Training
2556:Vipassana movement
2272:Hungry Ghost realm
2092:Avidyā (Ignorance)
2039:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
1788:Great Renunciation
1783:Eight Great Events
1665:
1268:are classified as
1248:, a descendant of
989:are emanations of
963:
810:. The name means "
184:Buddhist modernism
4296:
4295:
3934:Om mani padme hum
3640:Women in Buddhism
3556:Buddhist councils
3426:Western countries
3214:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
2975:Shaolin Monastery
2552:Samatha-vipassanā
2162:Pratītyasamutpāda
1966:Metteyya/Maitreya
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1713:Four Noble Truths
1529:978-0-948006-56-2
1507:978-1-4008-4805-8
1355:Skanda (Buddhism)
1232:are venerated as
1135:Vajrasādhu (Tib.
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215:Four Noble Truths
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3924:Mahabodhi Temple
3728:Secular Buddhism
3693:Engaged Buddhism
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2332:Vietnamese Thiền
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1280:, belong to the
1246:Shingon Buddhism
1240:Shingon Buddhism
1190:Chinese Buddhism
1184:Chinese Buddhism
971:Tibetan Buddhism
945:Tibetan Buddhism
860:wrathful deities
779:Trừng Ác Hộ Pháp
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2127:Five hindrances
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993:. Kalarupa and
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3752:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3578:Greco-Buddhism
3575:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3511:United Kingdom
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3456:Czech Republic
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3335:
3330:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3220:Abhidharmadīpa
3217:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3138:B. R. Ambedkar
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3058:Songtsen Gampo
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2737:Eight precepts
2734:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2525:
2515:
2510:
2508:Five Strengths
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2147:Mental factors
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1999:Mahamoggallāna
1996:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1914:Avalokiteśvara
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1609:
1608:External links
1606:
1605:
1604:
1581:
1566:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1532:
1513:
1506:
1481:
1470:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1336:
1334:Gyalpo spirits
1331:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1289:
1286:
1241:
1238:
1185:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1170:du pai gyal po
1166:
1156:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1123:
1113:
1103:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1048:
1038:
1028:
946:
943:
847:
844:
777:
770:
769:
750:
743:
742:
741:
737:
736:
735:
734:
731:
730:
728:
727:
720:
713:
705:
702:
701:
700:
699:
684:
683:
680:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
573:
568:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
513:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
494:
489:
487:Pratyekabuddha
484:
479:
474:
468:
463:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
449:
444:
442:Buddhist chant
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
363:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
303:
300:Buddhist texts
298:
297:
294:
293:
290:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
228:
227:
217:
211:
208:
207:
202:
196:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
145:
140:
139:
136:
135:
134:
133:
128:
123:
115:
114:
106:
105:
99:
98:
86:
85:
68:September 2015
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4321:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4277:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4050:Miscellaneous
4047:
4041:
4040:Vegetarianism
4038:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3862:Buddha in art
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:United States
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Padmasambhava
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2985:Major figures
2982:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2931:Western tulku
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:Five precepts
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Dhamma vicaya
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:Buddhābhiṣeka
2476:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2122:Enlightenment
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Dhamma theory
2110:
2108:
2107:Buddha-nature
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
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1601:81-86230-12-2
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1578:0-906026-51-2
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1563:81-88043-04-4
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1212:In addition,
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802:is a type of
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452:Vegetarianism
450:
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407:Recollections
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377:Five precepts
375:
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348:
345:
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342:Chinese canon
340:
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337:Tibetan canon
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82:
79:
71:
61:
57:
51:
50:
44:
39:
30:
29:
26:
22:
4228:Bodhisattvas
4148:Christianity
4143:Baháʼí Faith
4008:Dharmachakra
3998:Prayer wheel
3988:Prayer beads
3756:Architecture
3635:969 Movement
3419:Saudi Arabia
3397:Central Asia
3390:South Africa
3212:
3195:
3128:Panchen Lama
3033:Buddhapālita
2629:Satipatthana
2624:Mindful Yoga
2537:Recollection
2451:Brahmavihara
2322:Japanese Zen
2317:Chinese Chan
2277:Animal realm
2084:Key concepts
1906:Bodhisattvas
1718:Three Jewels
1584:
1569:
1554:
1548:Bibliography
1535:
1520:
1516:
1496:
1473:
1460:
1407:
1383:
1350:Palden Lhamo
1291:
1273:
1270:Wisdom Kings
1257:
1244:In Japanese
1243:
1233:
1214:Wisdom Kings
1210:dharmapālas.
1209:
1205:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1152:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1045:Nagpo Chenpo
1044:
1034:
1024:
1013:
1011:
978:
974:
966:
964:
938:
936:
931:
927:
923:
922:depictions,
910:
873:
867:
855:
854:is called a
849:
839:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
811:
804:wrathful god
798:
797:
795:
778:
751:
402:Merit making
367:Three Jewels
307:Buddhavacana
237:Impermanence
225:Dharma wheel
74:
65:
46:
25:
4309:Dharmapalas
4073:Dharma talk
3902:Asalha Puja
3698:Eschatology
3501:Switzerland
3481:New Zealand
3409:Middle East
3318:Philippines
3238:Afghanistan
3043:Bodhidharma
3028:Buddhaghosa
2948:Householder
2858:Monasticism
2811:Bodhisattva
2666:Prostration
2619:Mindfulness
2547:Anapanasati
2530:Kammaṭṭhāna
2327:Korean Seon
2267:Asura realm
2262:Human realm
2202:Ten Fetters
2157:Parinirvana
2059:Uppalavanna
2024:Mahākaccana
2009:Mahākassapa
1941:Kṣitigarbha
1936:Ākāśagarbha
1833:Suddhodāna
1778:Four sights
1705:Foundations
1540:曼荼羅 GIALABA
1521:Heart Jewel
1408:chos skyong
1339:Heng and Ha
1298:Kshetrapala
1274:dharmapālas
1258:dharmapālas
1234:dharmapālas
1137:Dorje Legpa
1100:Shinje Shed
1069:dharmapalas
1035:ral chig ma
1014:dharmapalas
1003:Bodhisattva
983:genius loci
975:dharmapalas
967:dharmapalas
939:dharmapālas
916:iconography
874:dharmapālas
846:Description
818:dharmapālas
637:New Zealand
492:Bodhisattva
477:Four Stages
432:Monasticism
412:Mindfulness
382:Perfections
312:Early Texts
60:introducing
4190:Psychology
4170:Gnosticism
4158:Comparison
4153:Influences
4135:Comparison
4018:Bhavacakra
3976:Kushinagar
3951:Pilgrimage
3897:Māgha Pūjā
3852:Bodhi Tree
3668:Buddhology
3658:Abhidharma
3650:Philosophy
3583:Menander I
3451:Costa Rica
3402:Uzbekistan
3243:Bangladesh
3197:Dhammapada
3181:Pali Canon
3143:Ajahn Chah
3123:Dalai Lama
3023:Kumārajīva
3018:Vasubandhu
2993:The Buddha
2901:Zen master
2836:Sakadagami
2816:Buddhahood
2747:Pratimokṣa
2562:Shikantaza
2518:Meditation
2493:Deity yoga
2364:Madhyamaka
2257:Deva realm
2152:Mindstream
2102:Bodhicitta
2014:Aṅgulimāla
1881:Devadatta
1857:Yaśodharā
1760:The Buddha
1750:Middle Way
1453:References
1440:Vietnamese
1400:ཆོས་སྐྱོང་
1282:Deva realm
1276:, notably
1226:Mahamayuri
1178:dharmapāla
1163:rig che ma
1116:Vaisravana
1021:Prana Atma
979:dharmapāla
932:dharmapala
928:Dharmapala
924:dharmapala
869:Aṣṭagatyaḥ
856:dharmapala
830:dharmapala
799:dharmapāla
738:Dharmapāla
510:Traditions
447:Pilgrimage
387:Meditation
347:Post-canon
327:Pāli Canon
257:Middle Way
154:The Buddha
43:references
4258:Festivals
4238:Buddhists
4200:Theosophy
4003:Symbolism
3993:Hama yumi
3966:Bodh Gaya
3733:Socialism
3708:Evolution
3683:Economics
3521:Venezuela
3436:Australia
3431:Argentina
3355:Sri Lanka
3350:Singapore
3268:Indonesia
3230:Countries
3171:Tripiṭaka
3133:Ajahn Mun
3008:Nagarjuna
3003:Aśvaghoṣa
2886:Anagārika
2881:Śrāmaṇerī
2876:Śrāmaṇera
2871:Bhikkhunī
2831:Sotāpanna
2720:Passaddhi
2661:Offerings
2636:Nekkhamma
2513:Iddhipada
2433:Practices
2403:Theravada
2376:Vajrayana
2369:Yogachara
2339:Pure Land
2252:Six Paths
2239:Cosmology
2019:Anuruddha
1994:Sāriputta
1984:Kaundinya
1976:Disciples
1951:Vajrapāṇi
1803:Footprint
1768:Tathāgata
1375:Footnotes
1365:Vajrapani
1360:Snow Lion
1328:Door gods
1294:lokapālas
1266:Yamantaka
1236:as well.
1230:Hayagriva
1200:: 二十四諸天;
1159:Kurukulla
1149:Maharakta
1106:Hayagriva
1096:Yamantaka
1071:include:
1051:Shri Devi
1016:include:
999:Manjushri
995:Yamantaka
953:Tibetan (
913:Vajrayana
894:Gandharva
840:jnanapala
657:Sri Lanka
647:Singapore
602:Indonesia
542:Vajrayāna
517:Theravāda
472:Awakening
360:Practices
317:Tripiṭaka
287:Cosmology
262:Emptiness
242:Suffering
4303:Category
4276:Category
4205:Violence
4175:Hinduism
4123:Sanskrit
4078:Hinayana
4063:Amitābha
4023:Swastika
3892:Uposatha
3882:Holidays
3867:Calendar
3713:Humanism
3551:Kanishka
3541:Timeline
3365:Thailand
3333:Kalmykia
3328:Buryatia
3313:Pakistan
3298:Mongolia
3293:Maldives
3288:Malaysia
3253:Cambodia
3118:Shamarpa
3113:Nichiren
3063:Xuanzang
2998:Nagasena
2916:Rinpoche
2646:Pāramitā
2488:Devotion
2408:Navayana
2396:Dzogchen
2359:Nichiren
2307:Mahayana
2299:Branches
2177:Saṅkhāra
1926:Mañjuśrī
1883:(cousin)
1875:(cousin)
1843:(mother)
1835:(father)
1823:Miracles
1773:Birthday
1690:Glossary
1663:Buddhism
1424:Japanese
1388:Sanskrit
1312:See also
1306:Hachiman
1300:Papiya.
1278:Mahakala
1272:. Other
1260:such as
1222:Ucchusma
1216:such as
1091:Mahakali
1086:Citipati
1076:Bhairava
1041:Mahakala
987:Mahakala
959:Mahākāla
955:Citipati
906:Mahoraga
864:Mahayana
835:lokapala
808:Buddhism
789:temples.
766:temples.
667:Thailand
627:Mongolia
622:Malaysia
587:Cambodia
552:Navayana
532:Hinayana
527:Mahāyāna
437:Lay life
267:Morality
247:Not-self
205:Concepts
164:Councils
149:Timeline
121:Glossary
103:Buddhism
95:a series
93:Part of
4253:Temples
4233:Buddhas
4195:Science
4185:Judaism
4180:Jainism
4098:Lineage
4058:Abhijñā
4028:Thangka
3971:Sarnath
3956:Lumbini
3877:Funeral
3872:Cuisine
3748:Culture
3723:Reality
3673:Creator
3663:Atomism
3533:History
3506:Ukraine
3466:Germany
3385:Senegal
3375:Vietnam
3303:Myanmar
3103:Shinran
3093:Karmapa
3068:Shandao
3038:Dignāga
2963:Śrāvaka
2943:Donchee
2938:Kappiya
2896:Sayadaw
2866:Bhikkhu
2841:Anāgāmi
2798:Nirvana
2764:Samadhi
2651:Paritta
2592:Tonglen
2587:Mandala
2542:Smarana
2523:Mantras
2471:Upekkha
2441:Bhavana
2391:Shingon
2344:Tiantai
2197:Tathātā
2187:Śūnyatā
2182:Skandha
2172:Saṃsāra
2167:Rebirth
2142:Kleshas
2132:Indriya
2034:Subhūti
1919:Guanyin
1873:Ānanda
1865:Rāhula
1745:Nirvana
1685:Outline
1466:般若心經奉讚文
1444:Hộ Pháp
1412:Chinese
1396:Tibetan
1392:धर्मपाल
1302:Guan Yu
1198:Chinese
1110:Tamdrin
1082:: भैरव)
1031:Ekajaṭī
920:thangka
902:Kinnara
824:or the
760:Vietnam
677:Vietnam
632:Myanmar
547:Tibetan
537:Chinese
465:Nirvāṇa
282:Saṃsāra
277:Rebirth
142:History
131:Outline
56:improve
4248:Sutras
4243:Suttas
4108:Siddhi
4093:Koliya
4068:Brahmā
3983:Poetry
3929:Mantra
3919:Kasaya
3791:Pagoda
3771:Kyaung
3766:Vihāra
3761:Temple
3703:Ethics
3546:Ashoka
3496:Sweden
3491:Poland
3486:Norway
3476:Mexico
3461:France
3446:Canada
3441:Brazil
3380:Africa
3360:Taiwan
3323:Russia
3248:Bhutan
3208:Vinaya
3088:Naropa
3078:Saraha
3013:Asanga
2769:Prajñā
2678:Refuge
2641:Nianfo
2602:Tertön
2597:Tantra
2582:Ganana
2572:Tukdam
2498:Dhyāna
2466:Mudita
2461:Karuṇā
2354:Risshū
2349:Huayan
2282:Naraka
2222:Anattā
2217:Dukkha
2212:Anicca
2117:Dharma
2069:Channa
2004:Ānanda
1989:Assaji
1956:Skanda
1859:(wife)
1828:Family
1808:Relics
1733:Sangha
1728:Dharma
1723:Buddha
1599:
1591:
1576:
1561:
1527:
1504:
1436:rōmaji
1420:pinyin
1414::
1369:Skanda
1323:Begtse
1250:Tangmi
1228:, and
1202:pinyin
1192:, the
1161:(Tib.
1151:(Tib.
1143:Brahma
1128:(Tib.
1126:Rāhula
1120:Kubera
1118:(Tib.
1108:(Tib.
1098:(Tib.
1080:Nepali
1067:Other
1061:Shinje
1059:(Tib.
1043:(Tib.
1033:(Tib.
1025:Begtse
1023:(Tib.
1007:Wisdom
904:, and
890:Yaksha
878:Garuda
852:dharma
813:dharma
662:Taiwan
642:Russia
582:Brazil
577:Bhutan
497:Buddha
417:Wisdom
200:Dharma
45:, but
4220:Lists
4088:Kalpa
4083:Iddhi
3946:Music
3941:Mudra
3907:Vassa
3887:Vesak
3857:Budai
3803:Candi
3786:Stupa
3718:Logic
3471:Italy
3370:Tibet
3308:Nepal
3278:Korea
3273:Japan
3263:India
3258:China
3203:Sutra
3158:Texts
3108:Dōgen
3098:Hōnen
3083:Atiśa
3048:Zhiyi
2958:Achar
2926:Tulku
2921:Geshe
2906:Rōshi
2891:Ajahn
2846:Arhat
2806:Bodhi
2776:Vīrya
2693:Sacca
2688:Satya
2683:Sādhu
2671:Music
2614:Merit
2607:Terma
2567:Zazen
2503:Faith
2456:Mettā
2137:Karma
2097:Bardo
2064:Asita
2054:Khema
2044:Upāli
2029:Nanda
1867:(son)
1841:Māyā
1818:Films
1695:Index
1404:Wylie
1262:Acala
1252:, or
1218:Acala
898:Asura
672:Tibet
612:Korea
607:Japan
597:India
592:China
557:Newar
482:Arhat
272:Karma
126:Index
4118:Pāḷi
4103:Māra
4013:Flag
3414:Iran
3338:Tuva
3283:Laos
2911:Lama
2759:Śīla
2727:Śīla
2715:Pīti
2705:Sati
2656:Puja
2577:Koan
2483:Dāna
2074:Yasa
1961:Tārā
1597:ISBN
1589:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1525:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1432:kana
1367:and
1304:and
1296:and
1264:and
1001:the
918:and
886:Naga
882:Deva
617:Laos
522:Pāli
3840:Art
3776:Wat
2312:Zen
1344:Nio
1188:In
1130:gza
1005:of
969:in
911:In
806:in
4305::
3342:ru
1484:^
1442::
1430:,
1426::
1418:,
1410:,
1406::
1402:,
1398::
1394:,
1390::
1256:,
1224:,
1220:,
1204::
1009:.
908:.
900:,
896:,
892:,
888:,
884:,
880:,
796:A
758:,
652:US
97:on
3344:)
3340:(
2558:)
2554:(
1649:e
1642:t
1635:v
1603:.
1580:.
1565:.
1510:.
1468:）
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1078:(
1063:)
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1027:)
961:)
724:e
717:t
710:v
81:)
75:(
70:)
66:(
52:.
23:.
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