Disability rights movement

1495: 1577:, the lead investigator) called "ANSI A117.1, Making Buildings Accessible to and Usable by the Physically Handicapped", provides the indisputable proof that the barriers exist. The standard is the outcome of physical therapists, bio-mechanical engineers, and individuals with disabilities who developed and participated in over 40 years of research. The standard provides the criteria for modifying programs and the physical site to provide independence. The standard has been emulated globally since its introduction in Europe, Asia, Japan, Australia, and Canada, in the early 1960s. 1410:

providers, failure to provide adequate nutrition, clothing, and/or medical and mental health care, and/or failure to provide a clean and safe living environment, as well as other issues which pose a serious threat to the physical and psychological well-being of a person with a disability. Violations of patients' rights include failure to obtain informed consent for treatment, failure to maintain the confidentiality of treatment records, and inappropriate restriction of the right to communicate and associate with others, as well as other restrictions of rights.

1659:, that led to the release of regulations pursuant to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. On April 5, 1977, activists began to demonstrate and some sat-in in the offices found in ten of the federal regions including New York City, Los Angeles, Boston, Denver, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Atlanta. One of the most noteworthy protests occurred in San Francisco. The protesters demanded the signing of regulations for Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.The successful sit-in was led by 1788:, civil commitment laws and eligibility for intervention exist only in the instance when the person is ruled an immediate danger to themself or others. The difficulty of proving "immediate danger" has led to the unexpected outcome that it is harder to commit mentally ill patients to hospital and easier to send them to prison. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, about 15% male inmates and 30% female inmates have some kind of serious mental illness which remains untreated. 1640:, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance." The act also specifies money that can be allocated to help disabled people receive training for the work force as well as to assist in making sure that they can then reach work without running into inaccessibility problems. This was the first civil rights law guaranteeing equal opportunity for people with disabilities. 1696:

university, which was dedicated to the education of people who are Deaf, had never had a Deaf president, someone representative of them. Of the protesters' four demands, the main one was the resignation of the current president and the appointment of a Deaf one. The demonstration consisted of about 2,000 student and nonstudent participants. The protests took place on campus, in government buildings, and in the streets. In the end, all the students' demands were met and

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Care Scheme in 1992 and helping to convince the federal government to establish the Royal Commission into Violence, Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability in 2019. Similar protests outside state parliaments have fed into campaigns for improved rights and funding, leading to improvements in supported accommodation in New South Wales in 1994 and continued support for Queensland disability advocacy services in 2021.

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disabilities to self-articulate their needs and generate their own solutions and analyses. Instead of passive participation, which is participation by being told what to do or what has been done, this approach proposes to allow this group to be self-sufficient and make their own decisions. Barriers to this include defining who is a self-sufficient individual with a disability, circling back to the concept of self-determination.

3744: 1712:" for workers with disabilities and not discriminate against otherwise qualified workers with disabilities, and that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores not discriminate against people with disabilities and that they make reasonable modifications to ensure access for disabled members of the public. The act also mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areas of public life. 1675:, held a sit-in and blockade of the Denver Regional Transit Authority buses in 1978. They were protesting the fact that city's transit system was completely inaccessible for physically disabled people. This action proved to be just the first in a series of civil disobedience demonstrations that lasted for a year until the Denver Transit Authority finally bought buses equipped with wheelchair lifts. In 1983, 5763: 1183: 1081: 1068: 1573:

access. An example of barriers are; providing only steps to enter buildings; lack of maintenance of walkways; locations not connected with public transit; lack of visual and hearing communications ends up segregating individuals with disabilities from independent, participation, and opportunities. The ANSI - Barrier Free Standard (phrase coined by

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must organize themselves for political power. Besides de-professionalization and self-representation, the independent living movement's ideology comprises de-medicalization of disability, de-institutionalization and cross-disability (i.e. inclusion in the independent living movement regardless of diagnoses). Similarly, the

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it more difficult to be the best expert of their own needs, hindering their ability to self-advocate as their wheelchair-using counterparts could. Self-representation was much more difficult for those who could not articulate their thoughts, leading to their dependence on others to carry on the movement.

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was responsible for another civil disobedience campaign also in Denver that lasted seven years. They targeted the American Public Transport Association in protest of inaccessible public transportation; this campaign ended in 1990 when bus lifts for people using wheelchairs were required nationwide by

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was passed in 1968, mandating that federally constructed buildings and facilities be accessible to people with physical disabilities. This act is generally considered to be the first ever-federal disability rights legislation. Unfortunately for those with cognitive disabilities, their disability made

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Beginning in 1981, the International Year of the Disabled Person, campaigners targeted beauty pageants such as the Miss Australia Quest in order to, in the words of activist Leslie Hall, "challenge the notion of beauty" and "reject the charity ethic." High profile demonstrations led to some charities

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are created by people who see only disability when associating with people with disabilities in some way. These attitudinal barriers can be witnessed through bullying, discrimination, and fear. These barriers include low expectations of people with disabilities. These barriers contribute to all other

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in order to promote equal treatment and challenge stereotypes. It was at this time that disability rights advocacy began to have a cross-disability focus. People with different kinds of disabilities (physical and mental disabilities, along with visual and hearing disabilities) and different essential

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and drafting legislation for mental health care. He also created the President's Panel on Mental Retardation, which created recommendations for new programs that governments can implement on a state level, therefore moving away from "custodial institutions". This shift away from institutionalization

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finally signed on April 28, 1977. This protest was significant not only because its goal was achieved, but also because it was the foremost concerted effort between people of different disabilities coming together in support of legislation that affected the overall disability population, rather than

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and other wheelchair-using individuals. This movement, a subset of the disability rights movement, postulates that people with disabilities are the best experts on their needs, and therefore they must take the initiative, individually and collectively, in designing and promoting better solutions and

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In 1948, a watershed for the movement was the proof of the existence of physical and program barriers. The proof was provided as a specification for barrier free usable facilities for people with disabilities. The specifications provided the minimum requirements for barrier free physical and program

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Another issue is the continued dehumanization of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, which prompted the slogan People First, still used as a rallying cry and a common organizational name in the self advocacy movement. Self advocates are also involved in the "R-Word" Campaign, in

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such as churches believe in helping persons with disabilities with nothing in return. On the other hand, another approach is a participatory, symbiotic relationship, which include methods like professional development and resource provisions. More specifically, one approach is to allow persons with

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in the United States was held in Boston in 1990. A second Disability Pride March was held in Boston in 1991. There were no subsequent Disability Pride Marches/Parades for many years, until Chicago on Sunday, July 18, 2004. It was funded with $ 10,000 in seed money that Sarah Triano received in 2003

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self-determination" with free will. Because this highlights the concept of free and autonomous choice, one argument is that any government interference deters self-determination, thus leaving it to persons with disabilities to seek out any help they need from charities and nonprofit organizations.

1752:. The exhibition was designed for maximum accessibility. Web-based kiosks - prototypes for a version that will eventually be available to museums and other cultural institutions - provided alternate formats to experience the exhibition. The exhibition was open from July 6, 2000, to July 23, 2001. 1436:

In 1978 protests outside Australia's Parliament House in Canberra helped force the government to rescind taxes on government payments to people with disability. Demonstrations inside and outside parliament since been held regarding various issues, leading to an expansion of the National Attendant

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became law, and it provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities. Closely modeled after the Civil Rights Act and Section 504, the law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in American history. It mandated that local, state, and federal governments and

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Freedom from abuse, neglect, and violations of a person's rights are also important goals of the disability rights movement. Abuse and neglect includes inappropriate seclusion and restraint, inappropriate use of force by staff and/or providers, threats, harassment and/or retaliation by staff or

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Disability rights is complex because there are multiple ways in which a person with a disability can have their rights violated in different socio-political, cultural, and legal contexts. For example, a common barrier that individuals with disabilities face deals with employment. Specifically,

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include many laws, policies, practices, or strategies that discriminate against people with disabilities. For example, a study of five Southeast Asian countries found that electoral laws do not specially protect the political rights of persons with disabilities, while "some banks do not allow

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students in Washington, D.C., in March 1988. The eight-day (March 6 – March 13) demonstration and occupation and lock-out of the school began when the Board of Trustees appointed a new hearing President, Elisabeth Zinser, over two Deaf candidates. The students' primary grievance was that the

1018:'s refusal to be publicized in a position of vulnerability demonstrated and symbolized the existing stigma surrounding disabilities. While campaigning, giving speeches, or acting as a public figure, he hid his disability. This perpetuated the ideology that "disability equates to weakness". 1791:

Another ongoing debate is how to cultivate self-determination for persons with disabilities. The common article 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights asserts that "All peoples have the right to

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for persons with disabilities versus fighting for equitable treatment. According to a 1992 polling organization, many fear that integrating people with disabilities into the workplace may affect their company image, or it may result in decreased productivity. This coincides with the 1992

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visually disabled people to open accounts, and HIV testing centers often refuse to accept sign language interpreters due to confidentiality policies". Restrictive laws exist in some countries, particularly affecting people with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities.

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Disability in the United States was viewed as a personal issue, and not many political or governmental organizations existed to support individuals in these groups. In the 1950s, there was a transition to volunteerism and parent-oriented organizations, such as the

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in the 1960s, the largest focus of the movement has been to get people with I/DD out of institutions and into the community. Another main focus is ensuring that people with intellectual and developmental disabilities are in integrated workplaces that pay at least

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Access to public areas such as city streets, public buildings, and restrooms are some of the more visible changes brought about in recent decades to remove physical barriers. A noticeable change in some parts of the world is the installation of

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Other barriers include: internalised barriers (low expectations of people with disabilities can undermine their confidence and aspirations), inadequate data and statistics, lack of participation and consultation of disabled people.

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in order to protect employees and employers. Today, disability rights advocates continue protecting those who are discriminated against, including work towards issues like law enforcement and treatment of people with disabilities.

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rather than a disorder to be cured. The autism rights movement advocates for several goals, including greater acceptance of autistic behaviors; therapies that focus on coping skills rather than imitating the behaviors of

1042:(ADA) was passed, legally prohibiting discrimination on account of disability, and mandating disability access in all buildings and public areas. The ADA is historically significant in that it defined the meaning of 1743:

opened an exhibition that examined the history of activism by people with disabilities, their friends, and families to secure the civil rights guaranteed to all Americans. Objects on view included the pen President

650: 1514:(DDA 1995) was passed. This made it unlawful in the United Kingdom to discriminate against people with disabilities in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education and transport. The 997:, and from other rights violations. Disability activists are working to break institutional, physical, and societal barriers that prevent people with disabilities from living their lives like other citizens. 1605:

became law; Sections 501, 503, and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds. Key language in the Rehabilitation Act, found in

2943: 3732: 3345: 1026:. While this was the beginning of activism and seeking support for these groups, children with disabilities were largely hidden by their parents out of fear of forced rehabilitation. When the 1523: 5930: 4748: 1444:

Following a long nationwide campaign involving hundreds of thousands of people the National Disability Insurance Scheme was introduced in Australia in 2013 to fund a number of supports.

1071: 5966: 3432: 2436: 1315:. This perspective is distinct from two other views: the medical perspective, that autism is caused by a genetic defect and should be addressed by targeting the autism gene(s), and 3733: 2397: 3039: 192: 1648: 1001:

employers are often unwilling or unable to provide the necessary accommodations to enable individuals with disabilities to effectively carry out their job functions.

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As a result of the work done through the disability rights movement, significant disability rights legislation was passed in the 1970s through the 1990s in the U.S.

5242: 5946: 3078:"The Regents of the University of California. 2008. "The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement." Berkeley, CA: The University of California Berkeley" 1456: 1422: 1304:

peers; the creation of social networks and events that allow autistic people to socialize on their own terms; and the recognition of the autistic community as a

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National campaigns by groups such as Every Australian Counts have since been launched to extend the scheme and protect it from cuts and restrictions on access.

4288: 3319: 1541:. A wide range of benefit changes are estimated to affect disabled people disproportionately and to compromise disabled people's right to independent living. 1251:. Many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities are put under guardianship and are not allowed to make their own decisions about their lives. 6059: 5956: 1833: 1479: 1056: 1099:

suggests disability is caused by the way society is organized, rather than by a person's impairment. This model suggests barriers in society are created by

2337: 1934: 1672: 724: 1663:.The first day of protests marked the first of a 25-day sit-in. Close to 120 disability activists and protesters occupied the HEW building, and Secretary 4496: 1828: 5987: 1561: 1466:

became law. This is the first national Canadian legislation on accessibility that affects all government departments and federally regulated agencies.

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regularly deal with implicit discrimination due to their inability to distinguish certain colors. A system of geometrically shaped code signs known as

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Autism rights or neurodiversity advocates believe that the autism spectrum is primarily genetic and should be accepted as a natural expression of the

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has generated a long-lasting stigma against mental health institutions, which is why in politics there is often not enough funding for this concept.

3077: 4447: 1721: 1656: 2153: 3620: 3209: 4368: 3327:. Office of the Chief Medical Officer. Rockville MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2019. p. 8. Archived from 3368: 2275: 5961: 3130:"Concord Special Education Parent Advisory Committee website, article title Concord Special Education Parent Advisory Committee, Section 504" 1843: 1475: 3103: 5025: 3450: 2440: 507: 1365:, if the individual wishes, is a major goal of the disability rights movement, and is the main goal of the similar independent living and 5799: 4995: 4589: 4121: 3272: 2368: 329: 3178: 2559:. Special Olympics. The Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation for the Benefit of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities. 2008. Archived from 2060: 6150: 4273: 1769:, which stated that employers should look to implement equity without having an official quota system. This remains an ongoing debate. 2253: 1441:

abandoning their use of such contests for fundraising and also saw some remove offensive language from their organisational titles.

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An additional debate is between institutionalizing persons with disabilities versus supporting them in their homes. In 1963 during

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American disability rights have evolved significantly over the past century. Before the disability rights movement, President

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Healthy People 2020 Roadmap for Massachusetts Children & Youth with ASD/DD: Understanding Needs and Measuring Outcomes

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which they try to eliminate the use of the word "retard". Self advocates successfully advocated to change the name of

6354: 4653: 4484: 3970: 3948: 2809: 2196: 2068: 589: 478: 17: 3328: 1401:. Access in the classroom has helped improve education opportunities and independence for people with disabilities. 5853: 5400: 5237: 5137: 4584: 4474: 2646: 2594: 1927: 1377:

disorders. These movements have supported people with disabilities to live as more active participants in society.

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Vega, Eugenio (2022) Crónica del siglo de la peste. Pandemias, discapacidad y diseño. Madrid, Experimenta Libros.

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barriers. Attitudes towards people with disabilities in low and middle-income countries can be even more extreme.

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Health Care Transition: Building A Program for Adolescents and Young Adults with Chronic Illness and Disability

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The movement is controversial. A common criticism against autistic activists is that the majority of them are "

369: 221: 4253: 3179:"The Inaugural International Disability Pride Parade Unified in Pride Sunday, July 18, 2004 Chicago, Illinois" 2238: 1478:

is the disability legislation passed by the Indian Parliament to fulfill its obligation to the United Nations

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Williamson, Bess (2019). Accessible America. A History of Disability and Design. New York University Press.

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Civil Commitment and the Mental Health Care Continuum: Historical Trends and Principles for Law and Practice

2513: 2415: 6226: 6023: 4948: 4896: 3857: 3827: 1166:, and the elimination of unnecessary steps where ramps and elevators are not available, allowing people in 1088: 561: 298: 2320: 2254:"Reassignment Under the American Disabilities Act: Reasonable Accommodation, Affirmative Action, or Both?" 6028: 6003: 5832: 5580: 5432: 4851: 4442: 4388: 3801: 3081: 1878: 1873: 1777: 1581: 707: 702: 551: 493: 313: 308: 65: 6375: 6297: 6089: 5837: 5785: 5689: 4464: 4141: 3872: 2164: 1898: 1602: 1397:, enabling people to work jobs they could not have previously, help create access to jobs and economic 1096: 579: 225: 70: 3213: 2319:. London & Glasgow: Department for International Development (DFID). February 2000. Archived from 2154:"Reasonable Accommodation as Professional Responsibility, Reasonable Accommodation as Professionalism" 1484:

Persons With Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995

6013: 5868: 5042: 4856: 4753: 4633: 4295: 4263: 3928: 3862: 3768: 3040:"Where We Came From: A Brief History of the Disability Rights Movement and Disability Discrimination" 3000: 1370: 1191: 870: 318: 112: 94: 2556: 2004: 6190: 6165: 5302: 5190: 5037: 4806: 4738: 4561: 4516: 4378: 4258: 4235: 4171: 4101: 3985: 3407: 1903: 1893: 1716: 1709: 1494: 1256: 1231: 1043: 197: 6304: 6251: 6246: 6175: 5756: 5585: 5565: 5427: 5417: 5375: 5005: 4846: 4703: 4698: 4668: 4663: 4606: 4541: 4526: 4459: 4432: 4417: 3820: 3702: 3115: 1883: 1853: 1793: 1737: 1534: 1530: 1327: 1227: 1197: 947: 451: 4643: 3426:"Citizenship and disabled people: A scoping paper prepared for the Disability Rights Commission" 2292: 6287: 6180: 5684: 5657: 5647: 5127: 5107: 4970: 4841: 4733: 4678: 4648: 4628: 4556: 4536: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4412: 4383: 4356: 4327: 4322: 4248: 3913: 3903: 3369:"The Right to Self-Determination in International Politics: Six Theories in Search of a Policy" 2668:"Autism as a natural human variation: reflections on the claims of the neurodiversity movement" 2667: 1580:

One of the most important developments of the disability rights movement was the growth of the

1335: 1268: 1239: 1103:. When barriers are removed, people with disabilities can be independent and equal in society. 790: 441: 2376: 2224: 1724:. According to Triano, 1,500 people attended the parade. Yoshiko Dart was the parade marshal. 5878: 5652: 5612: 5545: 5442: 5390: 5317: 5072: 4836: 4743: 4718: 4713: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4623: 4571: 4531: 4437: 4407: 4305: 3923: 3182: 1589: 1463: 1027: 1015: 875: 815: 675: 670: 605: 187: 2216: 6211: 6195: 6160: 6094: 5523: 5057: 4931: 4758: 4638: 4596: 4546: 4521: 4337: 4300: 4036: 3898: 3764: 2487: 2104: 1692: 1538: 1362: 1031: 939: 914: 850: 734: 645: 630: 625: 615: 239: 147: 75: 3791: 8: 6344: 5863: 5699: 5560: 5195: 5097: 5077: 4866: 4774: 4728: 4708: 4673: 4566: 4361: 4166: 3630: 3274:

Achieving Equal Employment Opportunities for People with Disabilities through Legislation

2902:"Bedroom tax protesters deliver letters on devastating effect on disabled people's lives" 1776:'s presidency, he transformed the national view of mental health by boosting funding for 1499: 1394: 1205: 865: 845: 785: 719: 620: 473: 122: 1238:

as other people and that they are treated like human beings. Since the formation of the

6277: 6099: 5827: 5472: 5467: 5457: 5405: 5395: 5370: 5312: 5270: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5082: 4373: 3646: 3601: 3585: 3490: 3479:"Participatory Action Research and People with Disabilities: Principles and Challenges" 3399: 3391: 2951: 2798: 2722: 2703: 2134: 2118: 2094: 1986: 1766: 1761: 1688: 1545: 1358: 1351: 1248: 1120:

inaccessible environments, natural or built, create disability by creating barriers to

982: 885: 880: 810: 754: 712: 685: 434: 55: 31: 2398:"Accessible Elections for persons with disabilities in five Southeast Asian countries" 1973: 1956: 6231: 6134: 6084: 5895: 5731: 5642: 5570: 5555: 5354: 5297: 5102: 5010: 4901: 4821: 4658: 3953: 3672: 3662: 3652: 3636: 3607: 3591: 3575: 3558: 3544: 3530: 3516: 3478: 3403: 3281: 3111: 2967: 2959: 2805: 2775: 2765: 2738: 2728: 2695: 2687: 2217: 2192: 2138: 2126: 2108: 1978: 1745: 1510:, following extensive activism by people with disabilities over several decades, the 1331: 978: 974: 943: 890: 855: 840: 759: 744: 692: 665: 274: 234: 117: 2707: 1990: 6324: 6319: 6216: 6129: 5873: 5694: 5679: 5607: 5528: 5498: 5329: 5165: 4871: 4427: 4422: 4268: 4161: 3796: 3383: 2679: 2100: 1968: 1908: 1548:

created by Evan Mitchell OBE will provide legal recognition to people living with

1519: 986: 835: 410: 405: 269: 142: 3806: 3235: 6033: 5709: 5617: 5513: 5462: 5322: 5307: 5287: 5252: 4965: 4876: 4811: 4601: 4551: 4332: 4186: 3648:

The Disability Rights Movement: From Deinstitutionalization to Self-Determination

3624: 2650: 2531: 2462: 2032:"The Global Disability Rights Movement: Winning Power, Participation, and Access" 1848: 1838: 1773: 1664: 1347: 1316: 1292: 1284: 1278: 1159: 907: 860: 830: 800: 795: 697: 244: 3129: 3014: 1486:. It came into effect on 28 December 2016. This law recognizes 21 disabilities. 6282: 5890: 5704: 5662: 5632: 5622: 5540: 5533: 5518: 5508: 5344: 5280: 5222: 5217: 5202: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4861: 4796: 4310: 4283: 4131: 3843: 2944:"Limited life chances of disabled people in Britain revealed by damning report" 2184: 1814: 1697: 1660: 1574: 1507: 1305: 1288: 1272: 1171: 1084: 1023: 825: 805: 749: 446: 420: 303: 3387: 3108:

Rehabilitation Research & Training Center on Independent Living Management

2742: 2683: 2061:"Abuse, Neglect and Patient Rights by the Disability Rights Wisconsin website" 1059:, specifically discussing indigenous people with disabilities (Lockwood 146). 6369: 6119: 5885: 5716: 5339: 5275: 5260: 5122: 5087: 5067: 4938: 4881: 4816: 4208: 4111: 3494: 2963: 2955: 2926:

Limited life chances of disabled people in Britain revealed by damning report

2691: 2130: 1549: 1374: 1366: 1247:. In the US, it is still legal to pay people with I/DD below minimum wage in 1221: 1212:, in 2010 to indicate colours to people who have difficulty discerning them. 966: 965:, around the world working together with similar goals and demands, such as: 820: 610: 259: 107: 2971: 2779: 1823: 1537:, disability activists have played a significant role in the development of 6236: 6104: 6064: 5550: 5437: 5265: 5232: 5212: 5142: 5132: 5112: 5092: 4723: 4616: 4611: 4342: 4317: 4176: 4116: 4081: 4051: 2929: 2699: 2122: 1982: 1913: 1398: 1312: 1301: 1244: 1235: 769: 764: 729: 660: 655: 640: 570: 379: 323: 249: 3572:

Crippled Justice: The History of Modern Disability Policy in the Workplace

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In 1978 disability rights activists in Denver, Colorado, organized by the

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was created from a revision of this article dated 20 April 2009

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programs be accessible, that employers with more than 15 employees make "

1296: 415: 3395: 3015:"'World-leading' Down's syndrome bill clears first hurdle in Parliament" 2643: 2586: 6309: 6124: 5822: 5808: 5726: 5721: 5602: 5597: 5493: 5477: 5334: 5227: 5185: 5147: 4955: 4943: 4916: 4906: 4826: 4225: 4220: 4191: 4126: 3975: 1749: 1652: 1644: 1585: 1390: 1167: 951: 397: 264: 40: 2488:"Real Work for Real Pay: A Self Advocate's Guide to Employment Policy" 6109: 5627: 5575: 5292: 4891: 4001: 3632:

No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement

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What We Have Done: An Oral History of the Disability Rights Movement

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Waves of Protest: Social Movements Since the Sixties, pp. 25–45

6241: 5592: 5422: 5349: 5000: 4926: 4831: 4791: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4071: 4066: 4011: 2877:"Lessons from the Campaign to Stop Independent Assessments Webinar" 1209: 1201: 1163: 1155: 1151: 5967:

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

1808: 531: 5920: 4076: 3980: 3960: 3933: 3908: 3812: 3809:

An online exhibition from the National Museum of American History

2852:"The History of Campaigns in Australia by People With Disability" 1687:

Another significant protest related to disability rights was the

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and with other mobility disabilities to use public sidewalks and

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Disability Awareness - do it right! Your all-in-one how-to guide

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individual in the United States, shall, solely by reason of his

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provides support for this Act. Equivalent legislation exists in

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have also been a major focus of the disability rights movement.

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The Defining Moment: FDR's Hundred Days and the Triumph of Hope

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movements, which are most strongly associated with people with

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in architecture, transportation, and the physical environment;

970: 523: 3238:. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution 3210:"Disability Pride Fast Becoming Genuine Cause for Celebration" 2276:"Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)" 1529:

Following the introduction of the Bedroom Tax (officially the

1482:, which India ratified in 2007. The Act replaced the existing 1030:

took off in the 1960s, disability advocates joined it and the

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The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation

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The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation

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Gabovitch, Elaine M.; Dutra, Courtney; Lauer, Emily (2016).

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Law and the Contradictions of the Disability Rights Movement

5674: 5503: 3280:. International Labour Organization. 2014. pp. 20–30. 3257:

Hergenroeder & Weimann, Albert & Constance (2018).

2874: 1182: 3302:"John F. Kennedy and People With Intellectual Disabilites" 3256: 3049:. Disability Rights Center of Kansas. 2010. Archived from 2536:

Parallels in TIme: A History of Developmental Disabilities

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Parallels in Time: A History of Developmental Disabilities

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A key debate in the disability rights movement is between

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was appointed the first Deaf President of the university.

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United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

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On a global scale, the United Nations has established the

3606:. Amherst, Boston MA: University of Massachusetts Press. 3168: 2560: 1634: 1624: 1614: 1455:

Canada's largest province, Ontario, created legislation,

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The ABC-CLIO Companion to the Disability Rights Movement

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Balcazar & Keys, Fabricio & Christopher (1998).

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as part of the Paul G. Hearne Leadership award from the

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Americans Disabled for Accessible Public Transit (ADAPT)

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focus their efforts on ensuring that they have the same

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Social movement seeking equal rights for disabled people

3619:. (2004). The Regents of the University of California. 1457:

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005

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Timeline of disability rights outside the United States

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that autism is caused by environmental factors such as

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People with intellectual and developmental disabilities

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Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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The Disability Rights and Independent Living Movement

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Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth

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used to sign the Act and one of the first ultralight

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Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

1380: 1354:, and an individual's ability to live independently. 1154:, automatic doors, wide doors and corridors, transit 1057:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

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Johnson, Mary and The Ragged Edge Online Community.

2827:"People With Disability Australian Protest Timeline" 2251: 2011:. Berkeley CA, & Washington DC. 27 December 2012 1935:

Mills vs. Board of Education of District of Columbia

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Disability Protests: Contentious Politics 1970-1999

2252:Befort & Donesky, Stephen & Tracey (2000). 1829:

Big Apple Pothole and Sidewalk Protection Committee

1341: 3458:. Worcester: UMASS Chan Medical School. p. 22 2875:Australian Progress; McIntyre, Iain (2022-02-02). 2797: 2620:"Should Autism Be Cured or Is "Curing" Offensive?" 2215:Fleischer & Zames, Doris & Frieda (2001). 1562:Timeline of disability rights in the United States 1427:Timeline of disability rights in the United States 1186:Code signs for people with color vision deficiency 1177: 5638:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 3555:The New Disability History: American Perspectives 3553:Longmore, Paul, K. and Umansky, Laurie, editors, 3149: 1459:, with the goals of becoming accessible by 2025. 1035:needs came together to fight for a common cause. 6367: 2727:. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 1722:American Association of People with Disabilities 1657:American Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities 1647:in 1977 of government buildings operated by the 5298:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 3181:. www.disabilityprideparade.com. Archived from 2191:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 355. 1204:was developed by Professor Miguel Neiva of the 4780:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 3529:(Temple University Press, 2nd Edition, 2011). 3513:Everyday Law for Individuals with Disabilities 2760:. In Jo Freeman & Victoria Johnson (ed.). 2720: 2661: 2659: 2644:Autism Network International presents Autreat. 2437:"ColorAdd®, o código de cores para daltónicos" 2009:Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund 1727: 5962:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons 5793: 3828: 2721:Barnartt, Sharon N.; Scotch, Richard (2001). 2514:"Autonomy, Decision-Making, and Guardianship" 1844:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons 1610:, states "No otherwise qualified handicapped 1476:Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 1361:, using paid assistant care instead of being 915: 501: 2665: 4996:List of people killed for being transgender 3228: 3072: 3070: 2899: 2656: 2613: 2611: 6350: 6151:Augmentative and alternative communication 5800: 5786: 3835: 3821: 3525:Fleischer, Doris Zames and Zames, Frieda. 3382:(3). Cambridge University Press: 355–370. 2749: 2580: 2578: 2557:"R-word - Spread the Word to End the Word" 2416:"Disability Inclusive Development Toolkit" 922: 908: 508: 494: 2804:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 2795: 2791: 2789: 2092: 1972: 1755: 1295:as a result of natural variations in the 1262: 1076:Alternative access to the subway in Japan 4092:Social determinants of health in poverty 3760:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 3743: 3096: 3067: 2941: 2849: 2824: 2714: 2608: 2317:Harvard Law School Project on Disability 1568:Suffrage for Americans with Disabilities 1493: 1346:Advocates for the rights of people with 1181: 1106:There are three main types of barriers: 1079: 1066: 6186:Disproportionality in special education 3366: 2755: 2637: 2584: 2575: 2058: 1869:List of disability rights organizations 1784:According to the US Supreme Court case 1192:Problems for the Color Blind in Society 14: 6368: 3423: 2988:This article is more than 5 years old. 2786: 2666:Jaarsma, Pier; Welin, Stellan (2012). 2617: 2413: 1957:"Global disability: an emerging issue" 1643:Another crucial turning point was the 1062: 100:Individualized Education Program (IEP) 5781: 3816: 3574:(University Of Chicago Press, 2001). 2764:. Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 2287: 2285: 2183: 2088: 2086: 1954: 1405:Freedom from discrimination and abuse 375:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) 5762: 4802:Capital punishment for homosexuality 4097:Social determinants of mental health 3346:"Jailing People with Mental Illness" 3212:. www.itodaynews.com. Archived from 2950:. Kings Place, London: Scott trust. 2310:"Disability Poverty and Development" 2223:. Temple University Press. pp. 2210: 2208: 2151: 2105:10.12987/yale/9780300124491.001.0001 2099:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2029: 1732:To mark the 10th anniversary of the 1588:in the 1960s through the efforts of 1524:Northern Ireland Equality Commission 1516:Equality and Human Rights Commission 294:Social Security Disability Insurance 6293:Disability in children's literature 4922:Genital modification and mutilation 3782:National Organization on Disability 3557:(New York University Press, 2001). 3350:National Alliance on Mental Illness 1864:List of disability rights activists 1741:National Museum of American History 1498:Disability rights activist outside 1334:and do not represent the views of " 989:; and freedom from discrimination, 24: 6156:Emotional or behavioral disability 3842: 3730: 3505: 3483:Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation 3250: 2282: 2258:University of Minnesota Law School 2172:47 U.C.D. L. Rev. 1753 (2013-2014) 2083: 1955:Groce, Nora Ellen (July 1, 2018). 1555: 1512:Disability Discrimination Act 1995 1381:Access to education and employment 957:It is made up of organizations of 338:Ontario Disability Support Program 25: 6397: 3682: 3156:The Commons Social Change Library 2900:Wynne-Jones, Ros (17 July 2013). 2881:The Commons Social Change Library 2856:The Commons Social Change Library 2831:The Commons Social Change Library 2205: 2005:"International Disability Rights" 1489: 1145:People with physical disabilities 1050: 6349: 6340: 6339: 5761: 5752: 5751: 5401:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 5238:Law for Protection of the Nation 5138:White genocide conspiracy theory 3742: 3236:"The Disability Rights Movement" 3150:Commons Librarian (2023-04-14). 2942:Johnston, Chris (3 April 2017). 2597:from the original on 27 May 2008 1928:Access Now v. Southwest Airlines 1807: 1342:People with mental health issues 1283:The autism rights movement is a 1087:for visually impaired people in 1009: 530: 468: 467: 365:National Telecommuting Institute 5243:MSM blood donation restrictions 4991:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 3651:. University Press of America. 3511:Colker, Ruth and Milani, Adam. 3470: 3442: 3417: 3376:Review of International Studies 3360: 3338: 3312: 3306:Presidential Library and Museum 3294: 3265: 3143: 3122: 3032: 3007: 2993: 2935: 2919: 2893: 2868: 2843: 2818: 2549: 2524: 2506: 2480: 2455: 2439:(in Portuguese). Archived from 2429: 2407: 2390: 2361: 2330: 2302: 2268: 2245: 2239:"Purpose of the March of Dimes" 2161:University of California, Davis 2030:Bell, Beverly (5 August 2014). 1734:Americans with Disabilities Act 1705:Americans with Disabilities Act 1682:Americans with Disabilities Act 1416: 1287:that emphasizes the concept of 1178:People with visual disabilities 1040:Americans with Disabilities Act 1038:It was not until 1990 that the 557:Natural rights and legal rights 547:Claim rights and liberty rights 6171:Disability and LGBT identities 5807: 5256:(as religious or racial quota) 3807:The Disability Rights Movement 3787:Society for Disability Studies 3590:. Santa Barbara CA: ABC-CLIO. 3352:. Arlington VA. Archived from 2800:The Disability Rights Movement 2585:Solomon, Andrew (2008-05-25). 2492:Autistic Self Advocacy Network 2343:. UNICEF. 2013. Archived from 2231: 2177: 2145: 2023: 1997: 1948: 1889:Psychiatric survivors movement 370:Society for Disability Studies 222:Unlicensed assistive personnel 13: 1: 5983:Services for mental disorders 5670:Second-generation gender bias 5386:Constitutional colorblindness 4087:Social determinants of health 3515:(Paradigm Publishers, 2005). 3104:"Disability History Timeline" 3001:"'Give the boy some dignity'" 2850:McIntyre, Iain (2023-04-26). 2825:McIntyre, Iain (2023-04-26). 2756:Johnson, Roberta Ann (1999). 2618:Ratner, Paul (10 July 2016). 1974:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30265-1 1941: 1859:Inclusion (disability rights) 585:Economic, social and cultural 5988:Services for disabled people 3777:Independent Living Resources 3708:Resources in other libraries 3543:(The Advocado Press, 2006). 2587:"The autism rights movement" 2463:"The Goals of Self Advocacy" 2369:"Voices of the Marginalised" 2338:"Children with Disabilities" 2293:"World Report on Disability" 1765:parliamentary review of the 1431: 881:Self-determination of people 562:Negative and positive rights 299:Supplemental Security Income 61:Ableism / Disablism 7: 6271:Arts, media, culture, sport 5581:Medical model of disability 5433:Hate speech laws by country 3629:Shapiro, Joseph P. (1993). 2375:. 2014–2016. Archived from 2065:Disability Rights Wisconsin 1920: 1879:Nothing About Us Without Us 1874:Medical model of disability 1800: 1728:Exhibitions and collections 1582:independent living movement 1522:, which is enforced by the 552:Individual and group rights 314:Disabled students allowance 309:Disability Living Allowance 10: 6402: 6386:Movements for civil rights 6298:Disability in horror films 6090:Activities of daily living 5690:Social model of disability 4142:Discrimination against men 3694:Disability rights movement 2093:Bagenstos, Samuel (2009). 1899:Social model of disability 1595:Architectural Barriers Act 1565: 1559: 1420: 1348:mental health disabilities 1276: 1266: 1232:developmental disabilities 1219: 1189: 1097:social model of disability 1004: 936:disability rights movement 173:Disability rights movement 29: 6335: 6270: 6204: 6143: 6077: 6042: 5996: 5975: 5939: 5913: 5906: 5846: 5815: 5747: 5486: 5363: 5156: 5043:Opposition to immigration 4767: 4397: 4234: 3994: 3944:Race / Ethnicity 3881: 3850: 3703:Resources in your library 3388:10.1017/S0260210599003551 3367:Freeman, Michael (1999). 2796:Fleischer, Doris (2001). 2758:"Mobilizing the Disabled" 2684:10.1007/s10728-011-0169-9 1710:reasonable accommodations 1450: 1371:intellectual disabilities 1139: 319:Disabled Persons Railcard 6191:Sexuality and disability 6166:Disability and disasters 6078:Structural and assistive 5038:Occupational segregation 4807:Compulsory sterilization 3645:Stroman, Duane. (2003). 3635:. New York: Times Books 1961:The Lancet Global Health 1904:Transgenerational design 1894:Reasonable accommodation 1794:Charitable organizations 1778:community-based programs 1469: 1174:more easily and safely. 1044:reasonable accommodation 1032:women's rights movements 539:Theoretical distinctions 332:the Severely Handicapped 288:Socioeconomic assistance 198:Sexuality and disability 30:Not to be confused with 6305:Disability in the media 6176:Disability and religion 6115:Personal Care Assistant 5566:Internalized oppression 5428:Fighting Discrimination 5418:Fat acceptance movement 5376:Anti-discrimination law 5016:Native American mascots 2532:""We Are People First"" 1884:Person Centred Planning 1854:Fat acceptance movement 1738:Smithsonian Institution 1601:In 1973 the (American) 1535:Welfare Reform Act 2012 1531:Under-occupancy penalty 1198:color vision deficiency 1128:Institutional barriers: 1118:Environmental barriers: 977:in independent living, 452:Disability in the media 6288:Disability in the arts 6181:Disability and poverty 6120:Physical accessibility 5685:Social identity threat 5658:Reverse discrimination 5648:Racial color blindness 5128:Violence against women 5108:Sex-selective abortion 3738: 3718:Listen to this article 3424:Morris, Jenny (2005). 3114:. 2002. Archived from 2163:: 3–10. Archived from 1756:Debates and approaches 1717:Disability Pride March 1668:only specific groups. 1503: 1269:Autism rights movement 1263:Autism rights movement 1240:self advocacy movement 1187: 1092: 1077: 778:Other groups of rights 442:Disability in the arts 260:Physical accessibility 6381:History of disability 5879:driver rehabilitation 5653:Religious intolerance 5613:Political correctness 5443:Intersex human rights 5391:Cultural assimilation 5073:Religious persecution 4837:Disability hate crime 4612:Jewish / Antisemitism 3737: 3600:Pelka, Fred. (2012). 3584:Pelka, Fred. (1997). 1767:Employment Equity Act 1655:and organized by the 1566:Further information: 1560:Further information: 1497: 1464:Accessible Canada Act 1395:Adaptive technologies 1357:The right to have an 1267:Further information: 1185: 1111:Attitudinal barriers: 1083: 1075: 1028:civil rights movement 1016:Franklin D. Roosevelt 942:that seeks to secure 598:Rights by beneficiary 188:People-first language 166:Societal implications 6212:Models of disability 6196:Youth and disability 6161:Invisible disability 6110:Orthotics and braces 6095:Assistive technology 5907:Rights, law, support 5058:Political repression 4047:Anti-left handedness 4037:Anti-intellectualism 3769:More spoken articles 3438:on 26 November 2020. 3431:. UK. Archived from 2672:Health Care Analysis 2170:on 23 October 2014. 1693:Gallaudet University 1651:(HEW), conceived by 1539:Bedroom Tax protests 963:disability advocates 959:disability activists 950:for all people with 896:Water and sanitation 255:Orthotics and braces 240:Assistive technology 5864:Learning disability 5561:Historical eugenics 5098:Segregation academy 5078:Religious terrorism 4867:Enemy of the people 4775:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 4279:Jehovah's Witnesses 4167:Perpetual foreigner 3084:on 25 December 2011 2152:Long, Alex (2014). 2071:on 18 November 2018 1584:, which emerged in 1500:Scottish Parliament 1338:" autistic people. 1249:sheltered workshops 1206:University of Minho 1063:Disability barriers 975:equal opportunities 944:equal opportunities 580:Civil and political 216:Personal assistance 123:Learning disability 6278:Disability culture 6205:Disability studies 6100:Independent living 5828:Disability studies 5473:Social integration 5468:Self-determination 5458:Racial integration 5406:Diversity training 5396:Cultural pluralism 5371:Affirmative action 5271:Racial segregation 5181:Crime of apartheid 5083:Religious violence 4576:Indigenous people 3971:Sexual orientation 3792:Lives Worth Living 3739: 3623:2004-08-16 at the 3216:on October 4, 2013 3185:on October 4, 2013 2649:2001-12-14 at the 2563:on 29 October 2008 1762:affirmative action 1689:Deaf President Now 1673:Atlantis Community 1603:Rehabilitation Act 1546:Down Syndrome Bill 1504: 1352:self-determination 1188: 1093: 1078: 330:Assured Income for 32:Disability studies 6376:Disability rights 6363: 6362: 6232:Neuroqueer theory 6135:Web accessibility 6085:Accessible toilet 6073: 6072: 5926:Disability rights 5921:Ableism/disablism 5775: 5774: 5643:Racism by country 5571:Intersectionality 5556:Heteronormativity 5355:Voter suppression 5103:Sexual harassment 4902:Forced conversion 4822:Cultural genocide 4475:African Americans 4289:post–Cold War era 4274:Eastern Orthodoxy 4032:Anti-drug addicts 4027:Anti-homelessness 3954:Scientific racism 3735: 3689:Library resources 3667:978-84-18049-73-6 3657:978-0-7618-2480-0 3641:978-0-8129-2412-1 3612:978-1-55849-919-5 3596:978-0-87436-834-5 3580:978-0-226-61659-9 3563:978-0-8147-8564-5 3549:978-0-9721189-1-0 3535:978-1-4399-0743-6 3521:978-1-59451-145-5 3356:on 11 March 2021. 3287:978-92-2-129122-0 3112:Temple University 2771:978-0-8476-8748-0 2734:978-1-56368-112-7 2653:(2008-05-23) AIN. 2373:ADD International 2114:978-0-300-12449-1 1746:George H. 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Kennedy 1758: 1730: 1691:protest by the 1665:Joseph Califano 1570: 1564: 1558: 1502:, 30 March 2013 1492: 1472: 1453: 1434: 1429: 1419: 1407: 1383: 1344: 1336:low-functioning 1317:fringe theories 1293:autism spectrum 1285:social movement 1281: 1279:Autism friendly 1275: 1265: 1224: 1218: 1194: 1180: 1147: 1142: 1067: 1065: 1053: 1012: 1007: 940:social movement 928: 801:Civil liberties 514: 483: 457: 456: 437: 427: 426: 425: 400: 390: 389: 360: 359: 343: 342: 334: 331: 289: 281: 280: 279: 245:Assisted living 217: 209: 208: 207: 167: 159: 158: 157: 137: 129: 128: 127: 90: 82: 81: 80: 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6399: 6389: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6347: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6329: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6307: 6302: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6285: 6283:Disability art 6280: 6274: 6272: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6208: 6206: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6079: 6075: 6074: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5917: 5915: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5812: 5805: 5804: 5797: 5790: 5782: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5769: 5759: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5713: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5666: 5665: 5663:Reverse racism 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5633:Prisoner abuse 5630: 5625: 5623:Power distance 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5541:Ethnic penalty 5538: 5537: 5536: 5534:Neurodiversity 5531: 5521: 5519:Dehumanization 5516: 5511: 5509:Cisnormativity 5506: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5488: 5487:Related topics 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5345:State religion 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5284: 5283: 5281:Nuremberg Laws 5278: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5223:Ghetto benches 5220: 5218:Gerrymandering 5215: 5210: 5205: 5203:Gender pay gap 5200: 5199: 5198: 5193: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5162: 5160: 5157:Discriminatory 5154: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4986:Lavender scare 4983: 4981:Kill Haole Day 4978: 4976:Indian rolling 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4941: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4862:Eliminationism 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4797:Cancel culture 4794: 4789: 4784: 4783: 4782: 4771: 4769: 4768:Manifestations 4765: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4654:Middle Eastern 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4593: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4404: 4402: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4389:Zoroastrianism 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4354: 4353: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4311:Untouchability 4308: 4298: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4240: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4132:Leprosy stigma 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3998: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3844:Discrimination 3840: 3839: 3832: 3825: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3804: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3762: 3748: 3741: 3729: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3683:External links 3681: 3680: 3679: 3669: 3659: 3643: 3627: 3614: 3598: 3582: 3565: 3551: 3537: 3523: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3469: 3441: 3416: 3359: 3337: 3311: 3293: 3286: 3264: 3249: 3227: 3196: 3167: 3142: 3121: 3118:on 2013-12-20. 3095: 3066: 3031: 3006: 2992: 2934: 2918: 2892: 2867: 2842: 2817: 2810: 2785: 2770: 2748: 2733: 2713: 2655: 2636: 2607: 2574: 2548: 2523: 2505: 2479: 2454: 2428: 2406: 2403:. USAID. 2013. 2389: 2360: 2329: 2326:on 2021-12-18. 2301: 2281: 2267: 2244: 2230: 2204: 2197: 2176: 2144: 2113: 2082: 2048: 2022: 1996: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1938: 1931: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1815:Society portal 1802: 1799: 1757: 1754: 1729: 1726: 1698:I. King Jordan 1661:Judith Heumann 1590:Edward Roberts 1575:Timothy Nugent 1557: 1554: 1508:United Kingdom 1491: 1490:United Kingdom 1488: 1471: 1468: 1452: 1449: 1433: 1430: 1418: 1415: 1406: 1403: 1382: 1379: 1343: 1340: 1306:minority group 1291:, viewing the 1289:neurodiversity 1273:Neurodiversity 1264: 1261: 1220:Main article: 1217: 1214: 1190:Main article: 1179: 1176: 1172:public transit 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1125: 1115: 1089:Narita Airport 1064: 1061: 1052: 1051:United Nations 1049: 1024:March of Dimes 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 930: 929: 927: 926: 919: 912: 904: 901: 900: 899: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 826:Free migration 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 780: 779: 775: 774: 773: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 716: 715: 710: 700: 695: 690: 689: 688: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 600: 599: 595: 594: 593: 592: 587: 582: 574: 573: 567: 566: 565: 564: 559: 554: 549: 541: 540: 536: 535: 527: 526: 516: 515: 513: 512: 505: 498: 490: 487: 486: 485: 484: 482: 481: 476: 464: 459: 458: 455: 454: 449: 447:Disability art 444: 438: 433: 432: 429: 428: 424: 423: 421:Invictus Games 418: 413: 408: 402: 401: 396: 395: 392: 391: 388: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 361: 358: 357: 354: 350: 349: 348: 345: 344: 341: 340: 335: 328: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 304:Ticket to Work 301: 296: 290: 287: 286: 283: 282: 278: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 231: 230: 229: 218: 215: 214: 211: 210: 206: 205: 203:Women's health 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 169: 168: 165: 164: 161: 160: 156: 155: 150: 145: 139: 138: 135: 134: 131: 130: 126: 125: 120: 115: 113:Special school 110: 104: 103: 102: 97: 91: 88: 87: 84: 83: 79: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 52: 51: 48: 47: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6398: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6356: 6348: 6346: 6338: 6337: 6334: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6312: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6144:Social issues 6142: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5909: 5905: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5886:Special needs 5884: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5869:Mainstreaming 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5833:Medical model 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5798: 5796: 5791: 5789: 5784: 5783: 5780: 5768: 5760: 5758: 5750: 5749: 5746: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5717:Social stigma 5715: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5340:State atheism 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5276:Jim Crow laws 5274: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5261:One-drop rule 5259: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5176:Blood quantum 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5155: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5123:Victimisation 5121: 5119: 5118:Trans bashing 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5088:Religious war 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5068:Racialization 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4939:Glass ceiling 4937: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4882:Ethnic hatred 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4817:Counter-jihad 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4590:United States 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4454: 4453:United States 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4396: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4374:Protestantism 4372: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4358: 4355: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4284:LDS or Mormon 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4209:Transmisogyny 4207: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4112:Gerontophobia 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4042:Anti-intersex 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4017:Anti-albinism 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3858:Institutional 3856: 3855: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3838: 3833: 3831: 3826: 3824: 3819: 3818: 3815: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3751: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3568:O'Brien, Ruth 3566: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3454: 3453: 3445: 3434: 3427: 3420: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3330: 3323: 3322: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3289: 3283: 3276: 3275: 3268: 3260: 3253: 3237: 3231: 3215: 3211: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3172: 3157: 3153: 3146: 3131: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3099: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3071: 3056:on 2014-05-20 3052: 3048: 3047:drckansas.org 3041: 3035: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3003:. 2021-11-26. 3002: 2996: 2989: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2907: 2903: 2896: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2832: 2828: 2821: 2813: 2811:1-56639-812-6 2807: 2802: 2801: 2792: 2790: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2717: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2662: 2660: 2652: 2648: 2645: 2640: 2625: 2621: 2614: 2612: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2579: 2562: 2558: 2552: 2537: 2533: 2527: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2468: 2464: 2458: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2424: 2417: 2410: 2399: 2393: 2379:on 2016-10-24 2378: 2374: 2370: 2364: 2350:on 2021-01-19 2346: 2339: 2333: 2322: 2318: 2311: 2305: 2294: 2288: 2286: 2277: 2271: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2248: 2240: 2234: 2226: 2221: 2220: 2211: 2209: 2200: 2198:9780743246019 2194: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2173: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2148: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2089: 2087: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2059:Karan, Joan. 2055: 2053: 2037: 2033: 2026: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1951: 1947: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1810: 1805: 1798: 1795: 1789: 1787: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1763: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1725: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1706: 1703:In 1990, the 1701: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1569: 1563: 1556:United States 1553: 1551: 1550:Down syndrome 1547: 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