35:
444:
for
Jupiter. However, the autonomy of Semo Sancus from Jupiter and the fact that Dius Fidius is an alternate theonym designating Semo Sancus (and not Jupiter) is shown by the name of the correspondent Umbrian god Fisus Sancius which compounds the two constituent parts of Sancus and Dius Fidius: in
436:
The association of Dius Fidius with
Jupiter is divine filiation. Dumézil underlines the peculiar intertwining and mixing of Jupiter and Dius Fidius as wardens of oaths and wielders of lightning bolts. Both require an opening in the roof of their temples while leaving unanswered for Dumézil the
410:. However, his interpretation, based on unknown theological documents, tallies with that of some modern scholars. The god, at some points, was certainly not a mere aspect of Jupiter but a separate entity, known in Rome for some time as Semo
555:
All the known details concerning Sancus connect him to the sphere of oaths, respect of compacts and the divine guarantee against their breach. These values are all proper to sovereign gods and in common with
Jupiter (and with
422:. Dius Fidius protects good faith in private affairs: he corresponds to Ζευς Πίστιος. This view may well reflect a later development but is not the original interpretation. Dius Fidius was not confined to private
497:
among others rejected the tradition that ascribes a Sabine origin to the Roman cult of Semo Sancus Dius Fidius, partly on linguistic grounds as the theonym is Latin and no mention or evidence of a Sabine
529:, sort of small bronze disc brought in the right hand by the officiant at Iguvium and also deposed in the temple of Semo Sancus in 329 B.C. after an affair of treason confirm the parallelism.
440:
This functional overlap generated confusion about the identity of Sancus Dius Fidius among ancient and modern scholars, as Dius Fidius has sometimes been considered another
433:
The shrine of Sancus had no roof, as it was deemed inappropriate and ineffective to swear oaths unless under the sky. The
Capitoline temple also had an opening in its roof.
548:
was in the open air and defined by natural landmarks such as the highest nearby tree. Supporting this interpretation is the explanation of the theonym Sancus as meaning
414:
Dius Fidius. Wissowa argues that
Jupiter and Dius Fidius divide responsibility for ensuring good faith. The most important oaths are sworn by Jupiter, the god of the
291:
536:
of private residences and the fact the temple of Sancus had no roof, implied to romanist O. Sacchi the idea that Dius Fidius' oath predated that for
34:
1105:
1082:
1059:
1034:
284:
209:
44:
728:, p. 189. Woodard thinks Dius Fidius is the Roman equivalent of Trita Apya, the companion of Indra in the slaying of Vrtra.
277:
606:
510:. In their view Sancus would be a deity who was shared by all ancient Italic peoples, whether Osco-Umbrian or Latino-Faliscan.
265:
113:
231:
204:
464:
The fact that Sancus as
Jupiter is in charge of the observance of oaths, of the laws of hospitality and of loyalty (
214:
468:) connects him with the sphere and values of sovereignty, i.e. in Dumézil's terminology, of the first function.
552:
in Sabine given by
Johannes Lydus, an etymology that, however, is rejected by Dumézil, Briquel and others.
426:
in early times. Matters of public relevance (such as the first international treaty of Rome, the one with
513:
The details of the cult of Fisus
Sancius at Iguvium and those of Fides at Rome, such as the use of the
928:, 'thus according to our rites he who wishes to swear an oath by Dius Fidius he as a rule walks to the
475:
of
Jupiter. W. W. Fowler cautioned that this interpretation looks to be an anachronism and Sancus is a
966:
8 (H. 109) on king Numa's vow by which he asked for the divine punishment of perjury by all the gods.
305:
93:
22:
604:
William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Biography and Mythology, v. 2, page 150, under Fidius
843:
s.v. Sancus, IV, 1909, col. 3168; Dumézil wholly rejects the tradition of the synecism of Rome.
591:
241:
317:
163:
103:
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258:
251:
8:
1143:
1128:
123:
98:
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Itaque domi rituis nostri, qui per dium Fidium iurare vult, prodire solet in compluvium.
1099:
1076:
1053:
1043:
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and in Greek, Hercules. This assumption is not linguistically correct, because in the
651:
246:
603:
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236:
81:
40:
64:
517:, a piece of linen fabric covering the right hand of the officiant, and of the
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185:
153:
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Some aspects of Dius Fidius' oath ritual, such as requiring the open sky, the
1137:
507:
325:
192:
174:
133:
672:
Yves Lehmann "La dette de Varron à l' égard de son mâitre Aelius Stilo" in
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367:
355:
76:
1002:
907:
D. Briquel "Sur les aspects militaires du dieu ombrien Fisus Sancius" in
773:
D. Briquel "Les aspects militaires du dieu ombrien Fisus Sancius" in
199:
343:
148:
924:
2001 pp. 309-311, citing Nonius Marcellus s.v. rituis (L p.494):
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411:
395:
391:
143:
138:
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430:) were preserved in his shrine (put under his jurisdiction).
427:
128:
70:
621:
346:
as a son of Jupiter. According to some writers, the phrase
342:, "son", with the name Dius Fidius originally referring to
321:
87:
479:, as it appears from the Iguvine Tables. The concept of a
889:
989:
G. Capdeville (1996). "Les dieux de Martianus Capella".
806:
471:
Wissowa advanced the hypothesis that Semo Sancus is the
755:
743:
731:
707:
544:, and had its origin in prehistoric rituals, when the
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818:
483:
of a deity is attested only in the imperial period.
682:
1117:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press.
1045:The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic
1135:
382:on the grounds of the alteration of the letters
839:, p. 80 n. 25, citing also G. Wissowa in
988:
437:question of the true identity of the latter.
285:
922:Revue internationale de droit de l’Antiquité
256:
190:
1104:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1081:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1058:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1033:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
895:
761:
292:
278:
704:Dissertation Strassbourg 1983 p. 476 f.
920:O. Sacchi "Il trivaso del Quirinale" in
328:. His name was thought to be related to
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1089:
1018:
836:
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737:
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713:
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932:(an unroofed space within the house)'.
883:
824:
865:I 292 on this prescription of Numa's.
394:tongue. He identified him in Sabine,
1115:Vedic and Indo-European Sacred Space
1069:Ritual and Cult in Pre-Roman Iguvium
945:III 11, 5 on the use of the private
49:sacrificing at the Temple of Jupiter
13:
232:Glossary of ancient Roman religion
16:Ancient Roman god related to oaths
14:
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991:Revue de l'histoire des religions
33:
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803:1909 s.v. Semo Sancus col. 3654
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788:Aus Alrōmischer Priesterbüchen
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666:
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633:
615:
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502:is found near Rome, while the
449:is the exact correspondent of
366:Varro states that his teacher
1:
1092:Religion und Kultus der Römer
1023:. Italian translation. Milan.
1021:La religion romaine archaïque
1012:
949:as an altar mentioned in the
506:are attested in Latin in the
642:, Letters to friends, 5. 21.
7:
567:
416:Fides Publica Populi Romani
361:
338:may be an earlier form for
10:
1160:
1113:Woodard, Roger D. (2005).
1067:Rosenzweig, Irene (1937).
1019:Dumézil, Georges (1977) .
354:"My Hercules!", a common
579:
1090:Wissowa, Georg (1912).
1042:Fowler, W. W. (1899).
592:Sextus Pompeius Festus
306:ancient Roman religion
257:
242:Ancient Greek religion
191:
1003:10.3406/rhr.1996.1203
609:May 14, 2011, at the
56:Practices and beliefs
491:William Warde Fowler
259:Interpretatio Graeca
252:Gallo-Roman religion
1129:Myth Index - Fidius
679:1985 1 p. 519-520.
445:Umbrian and Sabine
542:Iuppiter Feretrius
453:, as e.g. Sabine
380:Διόσκορον Castorem
350:was equivalent to
94:funerary practices
896:Rosenzweig (1937)
874:Livy VIII 20, 8.
815:, pp. 131 f.
762:Rosenzweig (1937)
402:the god is named
302:
301:
247:Etruscan religion
205:agricultural gods
104:mystery religions
50:
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852:cf.Livy I 21, 4.
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844:
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408:Fisovius Sancius
370:called this god
324:associated with
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181:Capitoline Triad
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790:Lund 1939 p. .
785:
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495:Georges Dumézil
487:Theodor Mommsen
364:
312:(less often as
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237:Roman mythology
219:
215:divine emperors
200:underworld gods
158:
154:Fratres Arvales
108:
51:
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41:Marcus Aurelius
25:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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837:Dumézil (1977)
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817:
813:Wissowa (1912)
805:
799:G. Wissowa in
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752:, p. 189.
750:Dumézil (1977)
742:
740:, p. 169.
738:Dumézil (1977)
730:
726:Woodard (2005)
718:
716:, p. 103.
714:Wissowa (1912)
706:
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689:Woodard (2005)
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663:Varro LL V 66.
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99:imperial cult
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911:1979 p. 136.
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368:Aelius Stilo
365:
356:interjection
351:
347:
339:
335:
334:
313:
309:
303:
173:
86:
69:
45:head covered
26:ancient Rome
977:de Mensibus
515:mandraculum
376:Dius Filius
310:Dius Fidius
114:Priesthoods
24:Religion in
1144:Roman gods
1013:References
997:(3): 290.
943:Saturnalia
941:Macrobius
930:compluvium
786:E. Norden
777:1979 p. 13
534:compluvium
314:Dius Fidus
124:Pontifices
1100:cite book
1094:. Munich.
1077:cite book
1071:. London.
1054:cite book
1048:. London.
1029:cite book
457:of Latin
352:mehercule
82:festivals
1138:Category
861:Servius
630:, 6. 213
607:Archived
568:See also
459:Claudius
404:Fis(i)us
374:, i.e.
362:Theology
344:Hercules
316:) was a
149:Epulones
144:Fetiales
139:Flamines
134:Vestales
65:libation
546:templum
504:Semones
455:Clausus
442:theonym
390:in the
326:Jupiter
266:Decline
164:Deities
129:Augures
77:temples
975:Lydus
640:Cicero
574:Sancus
523:orbita
519:urfeta
481:genius
473:genius
451:Fidius
412:Sancus
396:Sancus
392:Sabine
340:filius
336:Fidius
979:IV 90
947:mensa
909:MEFRA
775:MEFRA
702:Fides
674:MEFRA
652:Pliny
627:Fasti
580:Notes
558:Mitra
466:Fides
447:Fisus
428:Gabii
424:fides
330:Fides
322:oaths
71:votum
1106:link
1083:link
1060:link
1035:link
863:Aen.
622:Ovid
500:Semo
493:and
386:and
88:ludi
999:doi
995:213
564:).
560:in
550:sky
540:or
418:as
406:or
320:of
318:god
304:In
1140::
1102:}}
1098:{{
1079:}}
1075:{{
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308:,
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1037:)
1005:.
1001::
953:.
764:.
691:.
521:(
388:l
384:d
293:e
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47:)
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