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1908:, with all its implications, ramifications and consequences." Sade believed morals are only human conventions and that individuals have a right to ignore laws and moral precepts that are contrary to the laws of nature and to pursue goals that are in accordance with nature. His libertines argue that human virtues such as charity, pity and respect for parents are against nature and should be shunned whereas murder and theft are natural passions and should be pursued. For Sade, the only human value is the egotistical pursuit of the passions. The primary passion is the sex drive which is inextricably linked to passions for destruction, violence and domination. For Sade's libertines, crime is not only necessary to establish and preserve their domination, it is also a pleasure in itself. They construct a hierarchy of the pleasures of crime according to which mere failure to help those in need gives the least pleasure and the torture and murder of children provide the greatest.
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locked her in a bedroom before asking whether she believed in God. When she said that she did, Sade said there was no God and shouted obscenities concerning Jesus and the Virgin Mary. Sade then masturbated with a chalice and crucifix while shouting obscenities and blasphemies. He asked her to beat him with a cane and an iron scourge which had been heated by fire, but she refused. Sade then threatened her with pistols and a sword, telling her he would kill her if she did not trample on a crucifix and exclaim obscene blasphemies. She reluctantly complied. She spent the night with Sade, who read her irreligious poetry. He asked her for sodomy (another capital offense) but she refused. The following morning, Testard reported Sade to the authorities. On 29 October, following a police investigation, Sade was arrested on the personal orders of the king and jailed in
1879:, writing in 1951, argued that Sade placed the sex drive at the centre of his thought. The sex drive is natural but a blind force that dominates man. The overthrow, in 1792, of a king ruling by divine right necessarily involved the abandonment of a system of law and morals sanctioned by God and sovereign. In its place, Sade advocated absolute moral license, allowing the passions to rule. If satisfaction of the passions involves crimes such as murder then this accords with the laws of nature, for destruction is necessary for creation. But if murder is licensed, all are at risk of being murdered. Therefore, absolute freedom must entail the struggle to dominate. For Camus, Sade advocated freedom of desire for the few which required the enslavement of the majority. Sade thus prefigured totalitarianism in the name of freedom.
744:, where he locked her in a room and threatened to kill her if she did not undress. He then tied her down on a bed and whipped her with a cane or a cat-o'-nine-tails. She stated he also cut her with a penknife and poured hot wax on her wounds. He brandished a knife and threatened to kill her if she did not stop screaming. He later gave her food and locked her in an upstairs room. She managed to escape out a window and sought help. She went to the authorities that evening and lodged a complaint. The local magistrate began an investigation the following day and news of the affair reached Madame de Montreuil on 7 April. She immediately sent representatives to Arcueil who paid Keller to withdraw her complaint. On 8 April, the king issued a
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details are unknown, it is probable that the orgies included sexual intercourse and flagellation. In
January 1775, the families of the young women filed charges of kidnapping and seduction, and a criminal investigation commenced in Lyon. Sade's wife arranged for three of the girls to be sent to convents and one to the Abbé Sade until their wounds healed. One of the girls remained at La Coste and died of an illness a few months later. In June, Nanon SablonniÚre, one of the servants involved in the La Coste orgies, quarreled with the Sades and left, finding refuge in a convent. Fearing that Nanon might provide damaging testimony, Madame de Montreuil falsely accused her of theft and successfully petitioned for a
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however, argues that the issue is whether one believes Sade or his female accusers and that admirers of Sade "attempt to justify, trivialize, or deny (even though records confirming the facts exist) every assault Sade ever committed against women and girls." Gray states that Sade engaged in "psychic terrorism" and that "Sade's brand of sadism was often more mental than corporeal." According to Bongie, Sade perpetrated "crimes of physical violence committed during sexual assaults on hapless prostitutes. Such assaults, aggravated by death threats and the element of recidivism, could easily get an offender into similar difficulties today."
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1894:. God does not exist, and man and the universe are nothing but matter which is infinitely broken down and reconfigured, never perishing. Free will is an illusion because everything has a cause which is determined by the materialist laws of nature. The character of libertines is therefore determined by nature and it is pointless to punish them for something for which they are not morally responsible. Sade's libertines sometimes substitute nature for God, regarding it as a destructive force whose laws must be respected, but sometimes see nature as a rival to their own power.
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868:. That summer, he hired three young women as servants, including Catherine Treillet, age 22. In December, he recruited four more servants. Three of them left after one night, claiming that Sade had offered them money for sex. They informed Treillet's father and, in January, he went to La Coste to retrieve his daughter. He fired a pistol at Sade from point-blank range, but it misfired. After a second attempt to shoot him, Treillet's father left and filed a complaint of kidnapping and seduction against Sade.
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1127:, attempted to run the institution on humane principles with an emphasis on "moral treatment" in accordance with the nature of the mental illness. He allowed Sade to write, produce and perform in plays, and also encouraged balls, concerts, dinners and other entertainments. In 1805, Coulmier had a theater built on the premises with seating for about 200. The performances, which included professional actors and inmates, became fashionable, attracting many among the elite of Napoleonic society.
901:. Madame de Montreuil, wishing to avoid the disgrace of a criminal conviction in the family, sent a representative to Marseilles to bribe the prostitutes and other prospective witnesses. On 14 July 1778, after interrogating Sade and other witnesses, the appeals court overturned the sodomy conviction, finding him guilty of only "debauchery and immoderate libertinage." He was given a small fine and forbidden to enter Marseilles for three years. However, he was immediately re-arrested on a
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Sade argued that all laws passed by the legislature should be ratified by local assemblies of active citizens. In his 1793 eulogy, he praised Marat and Le
Peletier as "Sublime martyrs of liberty." Phillips, Gray and others have speculated on whether these writings express Sade's real political views or were parodies or exercises in political expediency to forestall his possible persecution as a former aristocrat.
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2017:, writing in 1990, presented Sade as a rigorous philosopher of power relationships and sexuality who was undervalued in American academia because his emphasis on violence was difficult to accept. She argued that Sade could be best understood as a satirist, responding "point by point" to Rousseau's claims that society inhibits and corrupts mankind's innate goodness.
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811:. One of the prostitutes, Marianne Laverne, became ill after eating the pastilles. That evening, Sade had sex with another prostitute, Marguerite Coste, who became critically ill after eating the pastilles. Coste filed a complaint with the police and, after an investigation, a warrant was issued for the arrest of Sade on charges of sodomy and poisoning.
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regiment where he encountered some hostility. In March 1771, however, he was granted a commission as Master of
Cavalry which amounted to an official rehabilitation. Soon after, a daughter, Madeleine-Laure, was born. Sade, heavily in debt, was forced to sell his commission but this did not save him from a short spell in debtors' prison.
423:, political activist and nobleman best known for his libertine novels and imprisonment for sex crimes, blasphemy and pornography. His works include novels, short stories, plays, dialogues, and political tracts. Some of these were published under his own name during his lifetime, but most appeared anonymously or posthumously.
937:(1788). As revolutionary tension increased in Paris, Sade was outraged that his daily exercise was curtailed. On 2 July 1789, he improvised a megaphone and shouted to passers-by below that the warders were killing the prisoners. Sade was transferred to the Charenton insane asylum that evening. On 14 July, the Bastille was
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influenced the subsequent medical and social acceptance of abortion in
Western society. Dworkin, however, argues that Sade only extolled abortion as a form of murder which he sexualized. He more frequently advocated the murder of pregnant women. Phillips argues that the sexual liberation of the 1960s
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Crocker argues that Sade anticipated Freud in positing the primacy of the sex drive and linking it to destructive impulses. However, he sees Sade's nihilism as internally inconsistent in that he derives values from nature and posits one human value, contradicting his claim that there are no objective
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before a series of sex scandals led to his detention in various prisons and insane asylums for most of his adult life. During his first extended imprisonment from 1777 to 1790, he wrote a series of novels and other works, some of which his wife smuggled out of prison. On his release during the French
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The Sade documents found in 1948 became the basis for
Gilbert Lely's important biography of Sade published in two volumes in 1952 and 1957. Volumes of Sade's letters, journals and other personal documents have been published progressively from 1949. In 1966, the French publisher Jean-Jacques Pauvert
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For many years, Sade's descendants regarded his life and work as a scandal to be suppressed. This did not change until the mid-20th century, when the Comte Xavier de Sade reclaimed the marquis title, long fallen into disuse, and took an interest in his ancestor's writings. He subsequently discovered
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written in 1782 while he was in prison. The work is not pornographic but outlines some of his main themes including the non-existence of God or an afterlife, nature as semi-divine, materialism and determinism, the permanent flux of living matter, a relativist and pragmatic morality, and a defence of
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Cultural representations of Sade's life and work increased from the early 20th century, particularly among artists interested in the themes of freedom and human sexuality. Surrealists such as Breton and Eluard regarded Sade highly, and Man Ray, Salvador DalĂ, Louis Buñuel and others represented Sade
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John
Phillips argues that Sade's views cannot be easily determined due to the "difficulty of distinguishing a single authorial voice" from the multitude of characters in his fiction. Even in Sade's letters he was often playing a role which leads to "the ultimate impossibility of identifying the real
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On Sade's release, his wife sought a legal separation and the marriage was dissolved in
September 1790. In August, he met Marie-Constance Quesnet, a 33-year-old actress, and they began a relationship which was to last until his death. Sade now called himself "Louis Sade, man of letters" and tried to
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The
Arcueil affair was widely publicized, causing the Sade and Montreuil families great concern for their reputation. In June 1769, Renée-Pélagie gave birth to a second son, Donatien-Claude-Armand, and the Montreuils hoped this would help domesticate Sade. In July 1770, Sade returned to his Burgundy
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on her to the next young man she courted. Sade, who proclaimed that he would "only marry for love", resisted the arranged marriage with the "plain and charmless" Renée-Pélagie, and did not attend court when, on 1 May 1763, the king and members of the royal family endorsed the marriage contract. Sade
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and
Nietzsche. However, he states that Sade's greatest impact was on the 20th century. In 1963 Crocker wrote, "Sade speaks with the loudest voice to our time...for it is our age that has had to live the truths he revealed...It is in the twentieth century that the failure of rationalism, revealed in
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In 1813, the government ordered
Coulmier to suspend all theatrical performances, balls and concerts. By this time, Sade was in a sexual relationship with Madeleine Leclerc, the teenage daughter of an employee at Charenton. The relationship caused consternation for Quesnet and further allegations of
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in Aix on 11 September, and Sade and Latour were burnt in effigy the following day. Sade was now in Italy with Anne-ProspĂšre, a liaison which turned Madame de Montreuil into his implacable enemy. He wrote to his mother-in-law from Italy, disclosing his location, and she used her influence to secure
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origin, and had only been ennobled in the 17th century, they were wealthy and had influential contacts, both at court and in legal circles. The count considered his son a financial burden with a poor character: "As for me, what makes up my mind is that I will be rid of the boy, who has not one good
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were professionally staged on his release and he organized several others to be staged semi-professionally when he was confined at the Charenton asylum. According to critic John Phillips, "the overwritten melodramas he composed for the theatre have not attracted much critical interest to date, and
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Sade is best known for his libertine novels which combine graphic descriptions of sex and violence with long didactic passages in which his characters discuss the moral, religious, political and philosophical implications of their acts. The characters engage in a range of acts including blasphemy,
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Andrea Dworkin, writing in 1981, condemned the veneration of Sade as a veneration of violence against women. Roger Shattuck, writing in 1996, argued that writers who try to rehabilitate Sade place too much emphasis on abstract notions of transgression, linguistic play and irony and marginalize the
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called Sade the "professor emeritus of crime." Although writers such as Baudelaire, Flaubert, Stendhal, Byron and Poe expressed admiration for Sade's work, Swinburne found them unintentionally funny and Anatole France said, "their most dangerous ingredient is a fatal dose of boredom." In 1886, the
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Four months after his wedding, Sade was accused of blasphemy and incitement to sacrilege, which were capital offenses. He had rented a property in Paris which he used for sexual encounters. On 18 October 1763, Sade hired a prostitute named Jeanne Testard. Testard stated to the police that Sade had
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Sade's avowed political writings include his "Address to the King" (1791), his pamphlet "Idea on the method for the sanctioning of laws" (1792) and his eulogy for the revolutionaries Marat and Le Peletier (1793). In his 1791 address, Sade advocated a constitutional monarchy. In the 1792 pamphlet,
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Marshall writes that Sade was a proponent of free public brothels paid for by the state in order to reduce sex crimes and satisfy people's wishes to command and be obeyed. Dworkin, however, states that this proposal was for compulsory prostitution from childhood on, where women and girls could be
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In September 1774, Sade and his wife hired seven new servants for their La Coste property, including a young male secretary and five young women, all around 15 years old. That winter (1774â75), Sade, with the tacit consent of his wife, engaged in a series of orgies with his servants. Although the
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In November 1771, Renée-Pélagie's 19-year-old sister, Anne-ProspÚre, visited the Sades at La Coste. Sade developed "a fatal passion" for his sister-in-law and it is possible that they began a sexual relationship. The following year, he devoted himself to theatrical productions at La Coste and his
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in the Brigade de Saint-André of the Comte de Provence's Carbine Regiment on 14 January 1757, and again promoted to the rank of captain in the Burgundian Cavalry on 21 April 1759. Despite this, Sade generally refused to ingratiate himself with his superiors, and "disdained making friends with his
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present Sade as a political opportunist whose only consistent principles were libertinage, atheism, opposition to the death penalty and the defense of his own property and aristocratic privileges. Prior to the Revolution, Sade insisted on the observance of feudal customs. After the Revolution he
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Marshall writes that Sade's "known behaviour (which includes only the beating of a housemaid and an orgy with several prostitutes) departs greatly from the clinical picture of active sadism." Phillips states "there is no reason to believe that any of this behaviour involved compulsion." Dworkin,
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region. The Abbé d'Amblet was appointed as Sade's tutor and the young marquis grew to respect him greatly. Meanwhile, the Count de Sade had lost favor with the king and had been recalled from his post in Germany. His career was now in ruins and his wife eventually left him to live in a Carmelite
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alone sold 350,000 copies from 1965 to 1990 and about 4,000 copies a year from 1990 to 1996. Shattuck sees the cultural rehabilitation of Sade after World War II as an "eerie, post-Nietzschean death wish." Noting that Sade has been elevated into the French literary canon and that serial killers
1990:
called him "the freest spirit that has yet existed". André Breton called him "a surrealist in Sadism" committed to "total liberation, both social and moral." Others see him as a precursor to Nietzsche and Freud. Writing soon after World War II, Raymond Queneau argued that Sade's moral universe
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in Paris, where he was taught Latin, Greek and rhetoric, and also participated in the school's theatrical productions. Sade's father was now heavily in debt and could not afford to enroll his son as a residential student, so Sade probably lived in private accommodation with Amblet. Residential
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in 1800. Sade reviews the development of the novel from classical times to the 18th century and provides rules for aspiring novelists. Sade advised writers not to depart from what is possible; not to interrupt the plot with repetitious or tangential incidents; that the author should leave any
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ordered Sade's detention without trial as he believed the pornography laws did not provide for sufficient punishment and any trial would only increase Sade's notoriety. Following Sade's attempts to seduce young prisoners at Sainte-PĂ©lagie, he was declared insane with "libertine dementia" and
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supported the constitutional monarchy because that was the prevailing trend. Following the overthrow of the king, he publicly advocated republicanism only to protect himself from arrest as a supporter of the monarchy. Gray concludes, "relentlessly opportunistic in his public stances, the
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Sade had left instructions in his will requesting that he be buried at his property at Malmaison without an autopsy or "pomp of any kind." However, Malmaison had been sold years earlier and Sade was buried with religious rites at Charenton. His skull was later removed from the grave for
762:
interrogated Sade on 10 June and he stated that Keller was a prostitute who willingly supplied her services. He denied tying her down, cutting her with a knife or burning her with hot wax and stated that Keller did not complain about the flagellation at the time. The
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Interest in Sade increased in the 20th century. His biographer Laurence Louis Bongie writes, "Many different Sades have been invented over the years, and nearly always with passionate hostility towards opposing or even complementary definitions of the man." In 1909,
727:
In January 1767, Sade's father died. That summer, Sade went to La Coste where the local dignitaries and vassals formally swore homage to their new lord; a revival of a feudal custom which his father had avoided. On 27 August, his first son, Louis-Marie, was born.
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in 1983. As well as the manuscripts they retain, others are held in universities and libraries. Many, however, were lost in the 18th and 19th centuries. A substantial number were destroyed after Sade's death at the instigation of his son, Donatien-Claude-Armand.
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In contrast, Andrea Dworkin writes that in Sade's fiction women are naturally prostitutes and men have a natural right to rape women. The female libertines only enjoy power as the male libertines conceive it and only as long as they adopt violent male sexuality.
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who were attempting to suppress atheism and attacks on religion. In December 1793, Sade was arrested and charged with "moderatism," associating with counter revolutionaries, anti-republicanism and "feigned patriotism". He was listed for execution on 27 July 1794
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Sade narrowly avoided arrest in January 1774 when he was warned of an imminent police raid on his home in La Coste which had been arranged by Madame de Montreuil. Following the death of Louis XV in May, Madame de Montreuil successfully petitioned for a new
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had incorrectly placed him on its list of émigrés, leaving him vulnerable to arrest and confiscation of property. In October 1796, he was forced to sell La Coste, but his former wife obtained most of the proceeds. In 1798, Sade unsuccessfully petitioned
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bride, writing to his uncle, "I don't know how to praise her enough." Two years later, however, he told the Abbé that she was "too cold and too devout." She gave birth to two sons and a daughter, and later became an accomplice to his alleged crimes with
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Phillips, in contrast, argues that Sade's enduring legacy is in replacing theological interpretations of the world with a materialist humanism thus contributing to "a modern intellectual climate in which all absolutisms are regarded with suspicion."
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Madame de Montreuil then wrote to Sade telling him that his mother was critically ill in Paris. Sade and his wife arrived on 8 February 1777 only to find that his mother had been dead three weeks. On 13 February, he was arrested under the existing
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Sade was increasingly involved in politics, at first supporting a constitutional monarchy. However, as republican sentiment grew in 1792, Sade found himself in political difficulty due to his noble ancestry, public support of the monarchy and the
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and the privileges granted to Sade attracted much opposition in official circles. In 1810, new police orders put Sade into solitary confinement and deprived him of pens and paper. Coulmier, however, gradually restored most of Sade's privileges.
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Over 200 of Sade's letters, mostly written to his wife from prison, have been published since his death. Sade's journals for 1807â8 and JulyâDecember 1814 also survive. Bongie has called his prison letters "his lasting literary achievement."
574:. His mother was lady-in-waiting to the Princess of Condé and, for his first four years, Sade lived in the HÎtel de Condé. The infant Sade was spoilt, haughty, and prone to violent rages. In 1744, he was sent to live with his grandmother in
2012:
A number of prominent female commentators have praised Sade. Angela Carter, writing in 1978, argued that Sade put pornography in the service of women by claiming rights of free sexuality for them and depicting them in positions of power.
720:, Normandy. In September 1764, the king revoked Sade's exile and the marquis returned to Paris where he took up a series of mistresses. In the summer of 1765 he took his then mistress, Mademoiselle Beauvoison, to his favourite castle at
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In 1754, Sade was sent to the Chevaux-légers military academy. After twenty months of training, on 14 December 1755, aged 15, Sade was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant in the King's Foot Guard. He soon went to battle at the onset of the
555:, the only surviving child of Jean-Baptiste François Joseph, Count de Sade and Marie-Eléonore de Maillé de Carman. The Sade family was of the provincial nobility dating to the 13th century. Sade's mother was from a junior branch of the
1838:, the aristocracy or the clergy, or sectional interests of any of these against one another," but rather all of these "more or less united against the people." Thus, Gorer argued, "he can with some justice be called the first reasoned
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states that Sade was in opposition to contemporary thinkers for both his "complete and continual denial of the right to property" and for viewing the political conflict in late-18th-century France as being not between "the Crown, the
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states that the prison letter "reveal more about this most enigmatic of men than any of his other work." Phillips warns that in his letters and journals Sade was often playing a role and creating a fictionalized version of himself.
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argues that Sade's philosophy is fundamentally religious as it replaces God with nature. However, it is also confused as it rails against nature while nevertheless advocating that humans follow nature's "destructive impulses".
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and returned to police custody. Sade escaped custody while being transferred back to Paris and he returned to La Coste. On 26 August, he was re-arrested after a police raid on his chĂąteau and was returned to Vincennes prison.
2347:, and worked with scholars for decades to enable their publication. His youngest son, the Marquis Thibault de Sade, has continued the collaboration. The family have also claimed a trademark on the name. The family sold the
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to others (as described by Sade in his novels). Other terms have been used to describe the condition, which may overlap with other sexual preferences that also involve inflicting pain. It is distinct from situations where
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prison. Sade wrote several contrite letters to the authorities in which he expressed remorse and asked to see a priest. After Sade's father begged Louis XV for clemency, the king ordered Sade's release on 13 November.
1997:
in her essay "Must we burn Sade?" (published in 1951â52) argued that although Sade is a writer of the second rank and "unreadable," his value is making us rethink "the true nature of man's relationship to man."
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sees Sade as a precursor to anarchism in that he was libertarian in his desire to expand human freedom and contemplated a society without laws. Ultimately, however, Sade advocated a society with minimal laws.
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Meanwhile, Sade had fallen in love with a nobleman's daughter named Laure de Lauris, but was abruptly rejected after two months of courtship. He was enraged, and threatened to blackmail Lauris by blaming his
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724:, Provence, where he passed her off as his wife, greatly offending Madame de Montreuil. The following year, he undertook renovations of La Coste, including building a theater for public performances.
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in Aix agreed to hear his appeal against his conviction for sodomy and poisoning. On 30 June 1778, the court overturned his conviction on poisoning and ordered a retrial on charges of debauchery and
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students were discouraged from mixing with external students and this might have isolated Sade from his aristocratic peers. Biographers and historians are divided on whether or not Sade experienced
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1055:, to have his name removed from the list of émigrés. Sade's émigré status was finally revoked in December 1799, by which time he had fallen deeper into poverty and had registered as indigent.
1123:, where his ex-wife and children agreed to pay his room and board. Marie-Constance, pretending to be his illegitimate daughter, was allowed to live with him there. The director of Charenton,
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795:, Latour, traveled to Marseilles on the pretext of obtaining a loan. On 27 June, they engaged in an elaborately staged orgy with four prostitutes. The orgy included sexual intercourse,
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Sade went into hiding, and his wife paid Laverne and Coste to withdraw their complaints. The Marseilles court, however, continued the prosecution, sentencing Sade and Latour to death
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states that Sade's "known behaviour (which includes only the beating of a housemaid and an orgy with several prostitutes) departs greatly from the clinical picture of active sadism."
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After Sade's work became freely available in unexpurgated editions in France, the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1960s, critical interest in Sade accelerated. In 1971,
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read and admired Sade, he concludes that Sade's "profusely illustrated moral nihilism has entered our cultural bloodstream at the highest intellectual and lowest criminal levels."
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he was appointed the section's commissioner on health and charitable institutions, and in October 1793 he was chosen to deliver the funeral oration for the revolutionary martyrs
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By 1761, Sade had gained a reputation as a good soldier, but a gambler, spendthrift and libertine, all of which damaged any prospects of further promotion. In February 1763, the
1062:, a collection of short stories published under his own name. The book received hostile reviews and a wave of articles appeared identifying Sade as the author of the scandalous
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1944:
stated that although Sade displayed "a rich and brilliant" imagination, "It is difficult to not often close the book out of disgust and indignation." There were rumours that
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have praised Sade's knowledge of the history of European fiction while noting that in his libertine novels he violated most of his own principles for writing good fiction.
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government to transfer Sade to another institution. Sade, however, was now seriously ill. He died on 2 December 1814 after an attack of "prostrating gangrenous fever."
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took up the case and soon issued an arrest warrant for Sade. On 3 June, the king issued a pardon for the marquis, probably on the petition of the Montreuil family. The
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ended the Seven Years' War, and Sade was discharged. Back in Paris, he lived a life of pleasure, while his ill and seriously indebted father contemplated retiring to a
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Sade's writing includes novels, stories, plays, dialogues, travelogues, essays, letters, journals and political tracts. Many of his works have been lost or destroyed.
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a ten-volume libertine novel. The novel was seized after a police search of Sade's and Quesnet's rooms. Sade later completed three conventional novels at Charenton.
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have criticized the rehabilitation of Sade's reputation, arguing that it promotes violent pornography likely to cause harm to women, the young and "unformed minds".
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and the rape, torture and murder of adults and children. The libertines argue that these acts accord with the laws of nature. Sade's major libertine novels are The
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he was imprisoned for moderatism and narrowly escaped the guillotine. He was re-arrested in 1801 for his pornographic novels and was eventually incarcerated in the
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which combine graphic descriptions of sex acts, rape, torture, murder, and child abuse with discourses on religion, politics, sexuality, and philosophy. The word
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Outsider Biographies; Savage, de Sade, Wainewright, Ned Kelly, Billy the Kid, Rimbaud and Genet: Base Crime and High Art in Biography and Bio-Fiction, 1744â2000
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sexual violence at the core of his life and work. He stated that Sade's works are likely to be harmful to the young and "unformed minds." French intellectual
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Nanon was arrested and imprisoned at Arles where she remained for over two years. In July, Sade, fearing arrest, left for Italy where he remained for a year.
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Crocker sees Sade's intellectual influence in the 19th century as reflected in writers such as Stendahl, Baudelaire and Dostoevsky, and thinkers such as
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states, "it is intellectually bizarre to make Sade a hero... Even according to his most hero-worshipping biographers, this man was a sexual delinquent".
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Sade's father was also negotiating with the Montreuil family for his son to marry their eldest daughter, Renée-Pélagie. Although the Montreuils were of
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has praised Sade for his emphasis on sexuality and the body, and has argued that Sade should be read as poetry and has been best appreciated by poets.
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Sade and Renée-Pélagie moved into rooms provided by her parents in the HÎtel de Montreuil in Paris. Sade was initially pleased with his new, strictly
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Revolution, he pursued a literary career and became politically active, first as a constitutional monarchist then as a radical republican. During the
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Marquis de Sade, Donatien Alphonse François (1966). "Editors' introduction to Les Crimes de l'Amour". In Wainhouse, Austryn; Seaver, Richard (eds.).
799:, and, according to some witnesses, both active and passive anal sex involving Sade, Latour and one of the prostitutes. Sade offered the prostitutes
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2094:, a mental condition named after Sade, has been defined as experiencing sexual arousal in response to extreme pain, suffering or humiliation done
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5486:(2014) edited by Kate Parker and Norbert Sclippa (A collection of essays reflecting on Sade's influence on his bicentennial anniversary.)
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Sade through his writing." The arguments his characters use to justify their more extreme behavior are often satire, parody and irony.
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by a revolutionary crowd and Sade's former cell was looted of his personal effects which remained there under seal. In March 1790, the
629:
region. There, he met Madame de Saint-Germain, for whom he would hold a life-long affection. Both women became mother-figures for Sade.
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activists disrupted the performance. He began publicly espousing more radical republican views and became more prominent in his local
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in Paris. Keller stated that Sade offered her employment as a housekeeper. He took her in his carriage to his country residence in
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published studies of his work and numerous biographies have appeared. Cultural depictions of his life and work include the play
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Sade spent his summer holidays with Madame de Raimond, one of his father's former lovers, at the chĂąteau de Longeville in the
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1023:) but was saved either by bribery or bureaucratic error. Robespierre and his supporters fell from power that day, ending the
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published a 30-volume edition of his complete works. From 1990, Sade's works were published in the French Pléiade editions.
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was cracking down on public immorality and, in March 1801, Sade was arrested at his publisher's office and detained in the
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was the result of complex social factors and the availability of the contraceptive pill rather than the ideas of Sade.
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moral laws and leaving open the possibility that other human values can be posited and moral laws derived from nature.
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Vincennes prison was closed in February 1784 and Sade was transferred to the Bastille where he produced a fair copy of
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Sade's writing has achieved commercial success since it became freely available in the 1960s. The American edition of
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On his release, Sade concentrated on literature and his personal affairs. He published a series of anonymous novels:
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and Sadeian themes in art and film. Sade's influence on the arts continued after World War II, including the plays
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stated, "there is interest and energy in the play, but the role of Oxtiern is a revolting atrocity." The anonymous
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Sade had a life-long interest in theater and during his first extended incarceration he wrote about twenty plays.
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Site run by a descendant of the Marquis de Sade. Weekly publication of the article(s) around the current de Sade.
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necessary moralizing to his characters; and that the author should not write primarily for money. Phillips and
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2114:, Camille Paglia and others as an early thinker on issues of sexuality, the body, transgression and nihilism.
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examination. His surviving son, Claude-Armand, had all his remaining unpublished manuscripts burnt, including
475:, however, argues that the issue is whether one believes Sade or the women who accused him of sexual assault.
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On 3 April 1768, Easter Sunday, Sade approached a 36-year-old widow named Rose Keller who was begging at the
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finally relented, and the two families signed the contract on 15 May. The wedding took place two days later.
216:
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1982:
treated Sade's work as a compendium of sexual pathologies and gave the term sadism its clinical definition.
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In 1812â13, while confined at the Charenton insane asylum, he wrote three conventional historical novels:
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opened at the Théùtre MoliÚre in Paris, but closed after only two performances following audience uproar.
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On 16 November, the king ordered his release on the condition that he stay at La Coste under supervision.
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calls "an honor which corresponds to an artist being admitted into the Louvre." In 2014, French novelist
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74:. The drawing dates to 1760, when Sade was 19 years old, and is the only known authentic portrait of him.
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Interest in his work increased in the 20th century, with various authors considering him a precursor to
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2247:. He also wrote about fifty tales of which eleven were published under his own name, in the collection
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In prison, Sade engaged in extensive correspondence, mostly with his wife, and continued working on
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in 1800. The tales were not pornographic but contained themes of incest, libertinage and disaster.
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raped by men. The proposal is from one of Sade's fictional characters, Le Chevalier, in the novel
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Mazan property. He incurred large costs hiring professional actors and building elaborate sets.
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history and psychology, has plunged our arts and often our acts into the absurd of nihilism."
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2009:
which largely resisted psychological, social and biographical interpretations of his work.
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1970:"a detestable book written by a man suspected of having written a yet more horrible one."
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8:
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Joseph Giovannini, 'Pierre Cardin's Extensively Restored 15th-Century Castle in France',
1973:
The mostly hostile reception continued throughout the 19th century. The French historian
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750:(a royal warrant for arrest and detention without trial) and Sade was imprisoned at the
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Born into a noble family dating from the 13th century, Sade served as an officer in the
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1994:
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1006:. In November, his section delegated him to deliver a petition against religion to the
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derives from his fictional characters who take pleasure in inflicting pain on others.
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5412:
The Marquis de Sade: the man, his works, and his critics: an annotated bibliography.
2359:. Since the restoration it has been used as a site for theater and music festivals.
1146:
immorality against Sade. In September 1814, the new director of Charenton asked the
1042:(1797â99). Sade had huge debts, little income from his properties, and the Vaucluse
467:
There is debate over the extent to which Sade's behavior was criminal and sadistic.
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After World War II, Sade attracted increasing interest from intellectuals such as
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which many critics consider his first major work. Sade began working on the novel
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1904:
Lester Crocker argues that Sade was the first to construct "a complete system of
1785:
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843:. Meanwhile, Renée-Pélagie requested an appeal of her husband's death sentence.
645:. After thirteen months as a sub-lieutenant, he was commissioned to the rank of
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https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/pierre-cardin-provence-castle-article
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2314:
2291:
Sade's "Reflections on the Novel" was published as a preface to the collection
2214:
2210:
2155:
2037:
2033:
2014:
2002:
1974:
1945:
1861:. Gray suggests that Le Chevalier's speech should be read as subversive irony.
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peers." He frequently infuriated his father with his gambling and womanizing.
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individuals use mild or simulated pain or humiliation for sexual excitement.
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2018:
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and later the Pierre-Encize prison. On 15 April, the criminal chamber of the
646:
499:
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253:
9583:
5559:
4780:. Betsy Wing (translator). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p.
2680:
Sade, Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de (2000). Seaver, Richard (ed.).
717:
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while at school, and whether or not this influenced his sexual development.
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https://slate.com/human-interest/2008/12/the-curse-of-the-chateau-sade.html
4743:
Freund, K., & Blanchard, R. (1986). The concept of courtship disorder.
2209:(published 1797â99). The libertine novels include elements of pornography,
2090:
Sade has also entered Western culture as a case study in sexual pathology.
1958:
1920:
Contemporary critics were generally hostile to Sade's works. When his play
1876:
1750:
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1419:
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1344:
1316:
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in alms for prisoners. Sade was returned to Pierre-Encize prison under the
768:
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The following year, Sade was placed in the care of his paternal uncle, the
132:
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233:
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5314:
Tony Perrottet, The Curse of the ChĂąteau Sade, Slate, 18 December 2008,
4328:. Translated by Bower, Anthony. London: Hamish Hamilton. pp. 32â43.
831:. He escaped from the fortress on 30 April 1773 and returned to France.
605:
In the autumn of 1750, ten-year-old Sade was sent to the Jesuit college
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5938:
5795:
5770:
5760:
5698:
5534:
5358:
4512:
2843:
2355:
Sade's favorite castle at Lacoste was bought and partially restored by
1891:
1882:
Phillips states that Sade was greatly influenced by the materialism of
1873:
marquis ... was an unswerving moderate horrified by political excess."
1725:
1672:
1638:
1552:
1489:
1409:
1339:
1236:
1155:
512:
487:
9589:
4822:
1119:
After intervention by his family, he was transferred once more to the
11714:
11653:
11210:
10853:
10780:
10765:
10686:
10606:
10601:
10526:
10481:
10461:
10440:
10425:
10405:
10390:
10254:
10214:
9716:
9362:
9273:
8856:
8225:
5869:
5790:
5555:
2139:
1839:
1780:
1730:
1557:
1374:
1261:
1221:
1216:
898:
840:
709:
658:
590:
495:
479:
420:
27:
French writer, libertine, political activist and nobleman (1740â1814)
6933:
2608:
Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson
366:
11989:
11568:
11305:
10898:
10863:
10837:
10817:
10770:
10581:
10536:
10420:
10324:
10314:
10279:
10249:
10064:
10059:
9998:
9877:
9751:
8517:
6228:
5823:
5816:
1905:
1616:
1611:
1534:
1519:
1469:
1349:
1201:
983:
804:
598:
563:
7061:
5543:
2673:
The Complete Justine, Philosophy in the Bedroom and other writings
2213:, moral and didactic tales, dark fairy tales in the manner of the
2074:
65:
12026:
11939:
10827:
10795:
10785:
10556:
10516:
10349:
10274:
10259:
10239:
2863:
2861:
2326:
2044:. He has the same sense of tragedy, the same sweeping grandeur."
1770:
1765:
1755:
1266:
741:
575:
542:
237:
56:
5529:
4732:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.).
10775:
10576:
10364:
10339:
10329:
10299:
10284:
5899:
5388:
Philosopher of Evil: The Life and Works of the Marquis de Sade.
2486:
Nature and Culture: Ethical Thought in the French Enlightenment
1952:
as an aid to masturbation and to inflame their lust for blood.
1589:
1174:
864:
In June 1776, Sade was back at La Coste writing a travel book,
619:
611:
559:
and therefore Sade was related to the King of France by blood.
9132:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
4221:
2858:
2338:, a residence of Sade; currently the site of theatre festivals
1027:
and paving the way for Sade's release from prison in October.
962:
was published anonymously in June 1791. In October, his play,
10805:
10294:
10229:
9066:
5785:
5420:(1989) collection of essays, edited by Colette Verger Michael
4209:
1404:
800:
661:
to avoid "having to welcome my son, with whom I am unhappy."
586:
552:
483:
387:
107:
4696:. London, England: Independent Print Ltd. 14 November 2014.
2553:. Translated by Goldhammer, Arthur. London: Harper Collins.
1130:
Sade was also allowed to write. In April 1807, he completed
10800:
10224:
4517:
4515:
2848:
2846:
2402:
1072:
716:
On his release, Sade was exiled to the Montreuil estate at
9106:
4538:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Running Press. p. 519.
1077:
10369:
10264:
8946:
4149:
2158:(Mishima, 1965), and the films SalĂČ (Pasolini, 1975) and
913:
and a number of plays. In the summer of 1782, he drafted
399:
5241:"Quand le marquis de Sade entre dans l'Ăšre du marketing"
2460:. Translated by Bower, Anthony. London: Hamish Hamilton.
697:
5678:
Histoire secrete d'Isabelle de Baviere, reine de France
4233:
4125:
2117:
A. D. Farr suggested that Sade's writing, particularly
952:
767:
accepted the king's pardon and ordered Sade to pay 100
4682:
4680:
4197:
3036:
3034:
1857:. Phillips argues that the views of Sade's characters
419:; 2 June 1740 â 2 December 1814) was a French writer,
3309:
3285:
3225:
3201:
3177:
3111:
3109:
2663:
Sade, Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de (1965).
2078:
Depiction of the Marquis de Sade by H. Biberstein in
1014:
and other members of the convention and its powerful
396:
384:
349:
Jean Baptiste François Joseph, Comte de Sade (father)
9862:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
4137:
2370:
1962:
in 1798. By 1800, numerous authors were attributing
994:
Following the fall of the monarchy in September 1792
636:
Sade's father, Jean-Baptiste François Joseph de Sade
578:, probably because he had fought with his playmate,
402:
390:
10094:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
7184:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
4677:
3031:
2720:
Forbidden Knowledge: From Prometheus to Pornography
2420:
directed films based on the Marquis de Sade's works
859:
4773:
3213:
3106:
3082:
2343:a store of Sade's papers in the family chĂąteau at
2185:sexual intercourse, incest, sodomy, flagellation,
818:on 2 September. The sentence was confirmed by the
786:
566:who was entrusted with diplomatic missions to the
70:Portrait of Donatien Alphonse François de Sade by
12168:French military personnel of the Seven Years' War
4688:"Marquis de Sade: rebel, pervert, rapist...hero?"
2995:
2467:The Sadeian Woman and the Ideology of Pornography
2243:which he later expanded into the two versions of
949:and Sade was released from detention on 2 April.
693:Sade's mother, Marie Eléonore de Maillé de Carman
37:"De Sade" redirects here. For the 1969 film, see
12064:
9020:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
2751:Sade, Marquis de (1999). Seaver, Richard (ed.).
2589:Demanding the impossible: a history of Anarchism
846:
12258:People sentenced to death in absentia by France
5102:
4734:Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
731:
702:
12133:19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
12128:18th-century French dramatists and playwrights
7062:Significant civil and political events by year
2514:The Revolutionary Ideas of the Marquis de Sade
2286:
2086:(Edit.), BibliothĂšque des Curieux, Paris, 1912
1087:, one of the works for which he was imprisoned
543:Early life, education and marriage (1740â1763)
315:Marie-Constance Quesnet (1790â1814; his death)
10185:
6949:
5714:
5582:
2961:
2959:
2905:
2903:
2217:, and social, political and literary satire.
1807:
10691:
10115:
10074:
10050:
10031:
9015:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
5843:
5814:
5800:
5596:
2813:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
2225:Sade's first substantial prose work was the
2201:(two versions, published 1791 and 1797â99),
1175:Political, religious and philosophical views
10627:
7702:
5909:
5238:
2776:
2774:
2005:published an influential textual analysis,
376:Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade
352:Marie Eléonore de Maillé de Carman (mother)
18:Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade
10192:
10178:
9219:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
6956:
6942:
5721:
5707:
5589:
5575:
5522:
4807:"The Marquis de Sade and induced abortion"
4730:American Psychiatric Association. (2013).
2956:
2900:
2205:(a novel in dialogue, published 1795) and
2028:In 1990, Sade was published in the French
1814:
1800:
890:and imprisoned in the Vincennes fortress.
332:Donatien Claude Armand de Sade (1769â1847)
64:
9484:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
9142:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
8965:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
5629:Dialogue Between a Priest and a Dying Man
5239:de Lucovich, Jean-Pierre (30 July 2001).
5175:
4830:
4745:Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 12,
4071:
4023:
4011:
3975:
3819:
3807:
3723:
3687:
3639:
3615:
3579:
3507:
3411:
3363:
3315:
3291:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3183:
3115:
3088:
3040:
3001:
2915:
2780:
2698:
2570:The Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices
2260:The Secret History of Isabelle of Bavaria
2256:Adelaide of Brunswick, Princess of Saxony
2228:Dialogue between a Priest and a Dying Man
2220:
1864:Maurice Lever, Laurence Louis Bongie and
915:Dialogue between a Priest and a Dying Man
498:. Many prominent intellectuals including
416:[dÉnasjÉÌalfÉÌzfÊÉÌswamaÊkidÉsad]
10199:
9916:
7200:Nationalization of the Church properties
5728:
5211:
5139:
5105:The 120 Days of Sodom and Other Writings
5090:
5075:
5051:
5039:
5027:
5015:
5003:
4991:
4979:
4967:
4940:
4928:
4913:
4901:
4889:
4877:
4865:
4804:
4756:
4671:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4642:
4482:
4458:
4338:
4227:
4191:
4167:
4131:
2965:
2933:
2921:
2909:
2882:
2852:
2837:
2825:
2771:
2717:
2624:
2586:
2523:At Home with the Marquis de Sade: a life
2441:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2325:
2073:
1936:were seen as obscene works. A review of
1076:
1073:Final imprisonment and death (1801â1814)
870:
688:
631:
12123:19th-century French short story writers
11775:Reflections on the Revolution in France
10145:Historiography of the French Revolution
9416:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
9127:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
5466:Marquis de Sade: the genius of passion.
5086:
5084:
4924:
4922:
4853:
4718:
4533:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4374:
4362:
4203:
2950:
2867:
2643:
2492:
2483:
2307:
958:launch a career as a writer. His novel
14:
12065:
9152:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
9107:Other significant figures and factions
5460:Sade: from materialism to pornography.
5424:The philosophy of the Marquis de Sade.
5333:
5222:
5220:
5199:
5187:
5163:
4955:
4951:
4949:
4768:
4724:
4654:
4630:
4618:
4606:
4594:
4582:
4570:
4558:
4521:
4506:
4494:
4446:
4263:
4155:
2894:
2679:
2629:. New York: W. W. Norton and Company.
2605:
2544:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
2516:(3rd ed.). London: Panther Books.
2464:
2436:
2197:(written 1785, first published 1899),
1924:premiered in 1791, the critic for the
12223:People imprisoned by lettre de cachet
12213:Obscenity controversies in literature
10173:
10020:
9915:
9199:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
9105:
8955:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
8894:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
8852:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
8455:
7701:
7332:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
7060:
6963:
6937:
5959:
5740:
5702:
5570:
5107:. New York: Grove Press. p. 91.
4660:
4422:
4323:
4299:
4287:
4251:
4179:
4119:
4107:
4095:
4083:
4059:
4047:
4035:
3999:
3987:
3963:
3951:
3939:
3927:
3915:
3903:
3891:
3879:
3867:
3855:
3843:
3831:
3795:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3711:
3699:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3627:
3603:
3591:
3567:
3555:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3495:
3483:
3471:
3459:
3447:
3435:
3423:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3351:
3339:
3303:
3279:
3267:
3255:
3243:
3195:
3139:
3127:
3100:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3025:
3013:
2989:
2977:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2878:
2876:
2548:
2511:
2488:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.
2455:
2232:libertinism. In prison he drafted an
2055:
1915:
960:Justine, or the Misfortunes of Virtue
698:Scandals and imprisonment (1763â1790)
547:Sade was born on 2 June 1740, in the
414:
9353:Louis Marie de La RĂ©velliĂšre-LĂ©peaux
8765:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
8456:
7552:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
5355:Marquis de Sade: his life and works.
5226:
5151:
5127:
5081:
5063:
4919:
4737:
4470:
4434:
4350:
4311:
4275:
4239:
4215:
4143:
3327:
3165:from the original on 27 October 2015
2750:
2662:
2567:
2539:
2520:
1966:to Sade. One reviewer called Sade's
1107:were seized and the police minister
974:of his two sons. In March, his play
953:Freedom and imprisonment (1790â1801)
11885:The End of History and the Last Man
11795:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
10021:
8960:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
5549:
5217:
4946:
4527:
4161:
3145:
3094:
2179:
1859:cannot always be attributed to Sade
823:his arrest and imprisonment in the
335:Madeleine Laure de Sade (1771â1844)
30:For the French post-punk band, see
24:
10150:Influence of the French Revolution
10140:Symbolism in the French Revolution
8904:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
8865:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
7120:Convocation of the Estates General
5347:
2939:
2873:
2703:. New York City: Knopf Doubleday.
2525:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2521:Gray, Francine du Plessix (1998).
2062:Marquis de Sade in popular culture
50:Donatien Alphonse François de Sade
25:
12274:
9792:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
9524:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
8826:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
8608:François Christophe de Kellermann
7847:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
5507:Works by or about Marquis de Sade
5491:
5382:The Marquis de Sade, a biography.
4700:from the original on 12 June 2018
2789:from the original on 12 June 2018
2781:Perrottet, Tony (February 2015).
2495:Pornography: Men Possessing Women
2239:(published 1795) and the novella
839:for Sade's arrest in the name of
582:, who was four years his senior.
298:
12118:19th-century French philosophers
12103:18th-century French philosophers
12098:18th-century French male writers
11855:The Open Society and Its Enemies
9519:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
9426:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
9396:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
9287:Jean-Marie Roland de la PlatiĂšre
9065:
9030:
9000:
8975:
8932:
8806:
8683:Ădouard Mortier, Duke of TrĂ©vise
8464:
7236:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
6917:
6916:
5687:
5643:Historiettes, Contes et Fabliaux
5414:(1986) by Colette Verger Michael
5327:
5308:
5285:
5263:
5232:
5205:
5193:
5181:
5169:
5157:
5145:
5133:
5121:
5096:
5069:
5057:
5045:
5033:
5021:
5009:
4997:
4985:
4973:
4961:
4934:
4907:
4895:
4883:
4871:
4859:
4847:
4798:
4762:
4759:, pp. 241â244, 247â248, 252
4750:
4712:
4648:
4636:
4624:
4612:
4600:
4588:
4576:
4564:
4552:
4500:
4488:
4476:
4464:
4452:
4440:
4428:
4416:
4404:
4392:
4380:
4368:
4356:
4344:
4332:
4317:
4305:
4293:
4281:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4185:
4173:
4113:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4065:
4053:
4041:
4029:
4017:
2722:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
2387:
2373:
1038:(1795) and the first volumes of
1010:. His speech probably alienated
860:Treillet affair and imprisonment
380:
365:
85:
12228:People of the French Revolution
10662:Family as a model for the state
9857:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
9604:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
9529:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
8740:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
8735:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
8715:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
8543:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
7461:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
4170:, pp. 10â12, 16, 27â28, 34
4005:
3993:
3981:
3969:
3957:
3945:
3933:
3921:
3909:
3897:
3885:
3873:
3861:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3813:
3801:
3789:
3777:
3765:
3753:
3741:
3729:
3717:
3705:
3693:
3681:
3669:
3657:
3645:
3633:
3621:
3609:
3597:
3585:
3573:
3561:
3549:
3537:
3525:
3513:
3501:
3489:
3477:
3465:
3453:
3441:
3429:
3417:
3405:
3393:
3381:
3369:
3357:
3345:
3333:
3321:
3297:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3237:
3189:
3133:
3121:
3070:
3058:
3046:
3019:
3007:
2983:
2971:
2927:
2757:. New York: Arcade Publishing.
2648:. Philadelphia: Running Press.
2437:Bongie, Laurence Louis (1998).
1991:prefigured National-Socialism.
982:but only lasted one night when
787:Marseilles affair and aftermath
669:quality and all the bad ones."
562:Sade's father was a captain of
329:Louis Marie de Sade (1767â1809)
294:
284:Renée-Pélagie Cordier de Launay
72:Charles Amédée Philippe van Loo
12173:French prisoners and detainees
12153:French critics of Christianity
12012:Separation of church and state
11910:Collectivism and individualism
11865:The Origins of Totalitarianism
10130:Women in the French Revolution
9732:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
8909:Johann MĂ©szĂĄros von SzoboszlĂł
8573:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
8202:French invasion of Switzerland
5552:"Sade, Marquis de (1740â1814)"
5418:Sade, his ethics and rhetoric.
5403:De Sade: A Critical Biography.
4994:, p. 8, 11, 59, 70-71, 80
4266:, pp. 222, 227â32, 236â37
2888:
2831:
2819:
2801:
2783:"Who Was the Marquis de Sade?"
2744:
2429:
2040:said, "Sade is, in a way, our
1165:
893:With Sade now in custody, the
523:SalĂČ, or the 120 Days of Sodom
13:
1:
12113:19th-century French novelists
12108:19th-century French criminals
12093:18th-century French novelists
12088:18th-century French criminals
12052:Category:Political philosophy
11925:Critique of political economy
10135:Incroyables and merveilleuses
9954:Pierre Claude François Daunou
9742:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
8873:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
8844:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
8141:Naval Engagement off Brittany
7894:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
7868:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
7677:Constitution of the Year VIII
7412:Committee of General Security
7297:National Legislative Assembly
7152:National Constituent Assembly
2738:
2497:. London: The Women's Press.
2283:are unlikely to ever do so."
1137:Coulmier's novel approach to
943:National Constituent Assembly
847:La Coste affair and aftermath
820:Cours des Comptes de Provence
580:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
11950:Institutional discrimination
11945:History of political thought
10677:Negative and positive rights
10053:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
9847:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
9737:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
9634:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
9534:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
9224:Charles Malo François Lameth
8899:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
8730:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
8673:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
7873:Second Battle of Wissembourg
7560:Constitution of the Year III
5960:
5846:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
2551:Marquis de Sade, a biography
2469:. New York: Pantheon Books.
2172:Marquis de Sade bibliography
1272:Methodological individualism
1040:The New Justine and Juliette
732:Arcueil affair and aftermath
703:Testard affair and aftermath
593:who lived in the chĂąteau de
7:
12193:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
11960:Justification for the state
11745:Two Treatises of Government
9949:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
9574:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
9509:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
9469:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
9348:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
9333:JĂ©rĂŽme PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
9328:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
9137:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
8990:William V, Prince of Orange
7860:First Battle of Wissembourg
7817:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
7533:Closing of the Jacobin Club
7402:(27 Jun 1793 â 27 Jul 1794)
7359:(20 Sep 1792 â 26 Oct 1795)
7219:Abolition of the Parlements
7192:Women's March on Versailles
5815:
5430:Sade contre l'Ătre suprĂȘme.
5247:(in French). Archived from
2701:The Marquis de Sade: a Life
2484:Crocker, Lester G. (1963).
2366:
2287:Essays and political tracts
929:and completed the novellas
791:In June 1772, Sade and his
10:
12279:
12218:People convicted of sodomy
10630:Bellum omnium contra omnes
10084:French Republican calendar
9639:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
9264:Bertrand BarĂšre de Vieuzac
8618:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
8568:Charles François Dumouriez
8558:Jacques François Dugommier
8372:League of Armed Neutrality
8205:(28 January â 17 May 1798)
8157:Battle of the Bay of CĂĄdiz
7980:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
7959:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
7623:Second Congress of Rastatt
7407:Committee of Public Safety
7394:(9 Mar 1793 â 31 May 1795)
5741:
2439:Sade: A Biographical Essay
2169:
2165:
2119:Philosophy in the Bedroom,
2080:L'Ćuvre du marquis de Sade
2059:
2030:BibliothÚque de la Pléiade
1890:and by the determinism of
1573:Left-wing market anarchism
1132:Les journées de Florbelle,
1016:Committee of Public Safety
878:Les 120 Journées de Sodome
36:
29:
12243:Prisoners of the Bastille
12238:Philosophers of sexuality
12047:
11897:
11666:
11314:
11047:
10927:
10846:
10758:
10749:
10615:
10449:
10378:
10207:
10099:Cult of the Supreme Being
10027:
10016:
9922:
9911:
9870:
9704:
9697:
9582:
9439:
9361:
9272:
9259:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
9165:
9114:Patriotic Society of 1789
9112:
9101:
9063:
9028:
8998:
8973:
8930:
8917:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
8839:Karl Aloys zu FĂŒrstenberg
8804:
8795:
8773:
8478:
8462:
8451:
8420:
8383:
8356:Convention of Alessandria
8338:
8245:
8192:
8123:
7993:
7967:
7884:
7781:
7708:
7697:
7653:
7642:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
7634:
7607:
7544:
7480:
7375:
7308:
7257:
7211:
7103:What Is the Third Estate?
7094:
7067:
7056:
6971:
6903:
6857:
6759:
6716:
6695:
6642:
6611:
6595:
6542:
6476:
6428:
6392:
6359:
6278:
6237:
6081:
5970:
5966:
5955:
5860:Methodological skepticism
5751:
5747:
5736:
5685:
5664:Philosophy in the Bedroom
5623:
5605:
5544:Carnet du Marquis de Sade
5530:Ćuvres du Marquis de Sade
5480:(2014) by Ian H. Magedera
5474:(2006) by Norbert Sclippa
5462:(2002) by Caroline Warman
5426:(1995) by Timo Airaksinen
5390:(1962) by Walter Drummond
4811:Journal of Medical Ethics
3786:, pp. 420â22, 435â36
3774:, pp. 407â10, 414â16
2968:, pp. 292â93, 298â99
2684:. London: Harvill Press.
2408:Leopold von Sacher-Masoch
2321:
2241:The Misfortunes of Virtue
2203:Philosophy in the Bedroom
2131:Philosophy in the Bedroom
1942:Journal Général de France
1855:Philosophy in the Bedroom
1160:Les Journées de Florbelle
1081:The first page of Sade's
1032:Philosophy in the Bedroom
931:The Misfortunes of Virtue
456:Philosophy in the Bedroom
364:
359:
342:
322:
308:
278:
271:
263:
259:
247:
227:
215:
207:
199:
195:
177:Philosophy in the Bedroom
150:
142:
118:
93:
79:
63:
55:
48:
12233:Philosophers of nihilism
11835:The Revolt of the Masses
9807:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
9772:Joséphine de Beauharnais
9654:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
9624:François-Nicolas Vincent
9609:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
8783:Charles-Alexandre Linois
8678:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
8658:François Séverin Marceau
8638:François Joseph Lefebvre
8533:Jean-Ătienne Championnet
8508:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
8503:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
8498:Alexandre de Beauharnais
8488:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
8210:French Invasion of Egypt
8088:Second Battle of Bassano
7822:Battle of Kaiserslautern
7596:Conspiracy of the Equals
7289:The Constitution of 1791
7160:Storming of the Bastille
5516:Works by Marquis de Sade
5498:Works by Marquis de Sade
5342:
5321:17 December 2022 at the
5302:17 December 2022 at the
5271:"CondĂ© Castle â History"
4218:, pp. 295, 316â323.
2953:, pp. 94â95, 98â100
2870:, pp. 80â84, 92â91.
2785:. Smithsonian Magazine.
2718:Shattuck, Roger (1996).
2699:Schaeffer, Neal (2000).
2606:Paglia, Camille (1990).
2587:Marshall, Peter (2008).
2512:Gorer, Geoffrey (1964).
2493:Dworkin, Andrea (1981).
2269:
2154:(Peter Weiss, 1964) and
1866:Francine du Plessix Gray
1058:In 1800, Sade published
442:His major works include
11815:The Communist Manifesto
10741:Tyranny of the majority
10652:Consent of the governed
9787:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
9659:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
9619:Antoine-François Momoro
9614:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
9431:François de Neufchùteau
9381:Charles-François Lebrun
9323:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
9204:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
9080:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
8886:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
8881:Karl Mack von Leiberich
8513:Jean-Baptiste BessiĂšres
8327:Second Battle of Zurich
8218:Irish Rebellion of 1798
8064:First Battle of Bassano
7902:Second Battle of Boulou
7703:Revolutionary campaigns
7661:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
7576:Council of Five Hundred
7364:First republic declared
7300:(1 Oct 1791 â Sep 1792)
7281:Declaration of Pillnitz
7005:Constitutional monarchy
5468:(2003) by Ronald Hayman
5456:(2001) by Annie Le Brun
5445:An Erotic Beyond: Sade.
4970:, pp. 5, 68, 82â83
3142:, pp. 66â67, 70â72
2625:Phillips, John (2005).
2549:Lever, Maurice (1993).
2465:Carter, Angela (1978).
1776:Tyranny of the majority
1563:Individualist anarchism
537:
439:where he died in 1814.
437:Charenton insane asylum
12248:Sex scandals in France
12183:French revolutionaries
12158:French erotica writers
10692:
10642:Clash of civilizations
10628:
10116:
10075:
10051:
10032:
9544:Prieur de la CĂŽte-d'Or
9539:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
9449:Maximilien Robespierre
9282:Jacques Pierre Brissot
9147:Emmanuel Joseph SieyĂšs
8578:Louis-Charles de Flers
8563:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
8528:Jean François Carteaux
8303:First Battle of Zurich
8266:(20 Mar â 21 May 1799)
8221:(23 May â 23 Sep 1798)
8181:Treaty of Campo Formio
7927:Glorious First of June
7855:(18 Sep â 18 Dec 1793)
7814:Expedition to Sardinia
7492:Desmoulins guillotined
7427:Assassination of Marat
7419:Fall of the Girondists
7391:Revolutionary Tribunal
7383:Execution of Louis XVI
7273:Champ de Mars massacre
7176:Abolition of Feudalism
5910:
5844:
5810:Enlightened absolutism
5801:
5441:(1998) by Chris Barron
5394:Sade, Fourier, Loyola.
5384:(1961) by Gilbert Lely
5066:, pp. 315â16, 387
4931:, pp. 108â09, 118
4473:, pp. 370â71, 374
4413:, pp. 215â16, 225
4377:, p. 401-402, 410
4341:, pp. 9â10, 30â34
4324:Camus, Albert (1953).
3858:, pp. 463, 466â67
3822:, pp. 436â37, 443
3594:, pp. 248â50, 270
3510:, pp. 125â30, 137
3153:"The Eponymous Sadist"
2542:Seven Types of Atheism
2456:Camus, Albert (1953).
2339:
2221:Other novels and tales
2092:Sexual sadism disorder
2087:
2007:Sade, Fourier, Loyola,
1622:Individualist feminism
1247:Individual reclamation
1088:
919:The 120 Days of Sodom.
882:
694:
637:
589:de Sade, a priest and
557:house of Bourbon-Condé
32:Marquis de Sade (band)
12188:Free speech activists
10657:Divine right of kings
9989:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
9254:Jean-Charles Pichegru
9234:Jean-François Rewbell
8720:Jean-Charles Pichegru
8603:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
8593:Jacques Maurice Hatry
8364:Battle of Hohenlinden
8237:(12 Oct â 5 Dec 1798)
8072:Battle of Emmendingen
8019:Battle of Castiglione
7906:(30 Apr â 1 May 1794)
7837:Battle of Hondschoote
7508:Thermidorian Reaction
7472:(throughout the year)
7245:FĂȘte de la FĂ©dĂ©ration
7171:(20 Jul â 5 Aug 1789)
7155:(9 Jul â 30 Sep 1791)
7139:(17 Jun â 9 Jul 1790)
5776:Counter-Enlightenment
5636:The 120 Days of Sodom
5484:Sade's Sensibilities.
5454:Sade: A Sudden Abyss.
5373:Lautréamont and Sade.
4534:Queenan, Joe (2004).
4230:, pp. 10â11, 16.
3870:, p. 471, 497-99
2644:Queenan, Joe (2004).
2610:. New York: Vintage.
2591:. Oakland: PM Press.
2568:Love, Brenda (2002).
2329:
2264:The Marquise de Gange
2170:Further information:
2084:Guillaume Apollinaire
2077:
1988:Guillaume Apollinaire
1948:and Robespierre used
1661:Libertarian socialism
1097:Sainte-PĂ©lagie Prison
1080:
988:revolutionary section
923:The 120 Days of Sodom
917:and began working on
895:parlement de Provence
874:
692:
635:
444:The 120 Days of Sodom
161:The 120 Days of Sodom
12138:Atheist philosophers
11805:Democracy in America
11184:political philosophy
11167:political philosophy
10982:political philosophy
10811:political philosophy
10721:Separation of powers
10682:Night-watchman state
10667:Monopoly on violence
10201:Political philosophy
9917:Influential thinkers
9664:Jean-François Varlet
9564:Jean-Lambert Tallien
9559:Jean Bon Saint-André
9386:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
9308:Marquis de Condorcet
9157:Nicolas de Condorcet
8922:Dagobert von Wurmser
8755:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
8698:Pierre-Jacques Osten
8613:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
8548:Louis-Nicolas Davout
8538:Chapuis de Tourville
8080:Battle of Schliengen
8027:Battle of Theiningen
7948:Battle of Aldenhoven
7832:Battle of Wattignies
7801:Battle of Neerwinden
7615:Coup of 18 Fructidor
7128:Death of the Dauphin
5730:Age of Enlightenment
5562:on 23 November 2007.
5293:Architectural Digest
5018:, p. 20-24, 113
3079:, pp. 42, 46â48
2308:Letters and journals
1954:RĂ©tif de la Bretonne
1666:Right-libertarianism
1644:Classical liberalism
297: 1763;
11995:Right-wing politics
11875:A Theory of Justice
11845:The Road to Serfdom
11765:The Social Contract
10472:Christian democracy
10004:Mary Wollstonecraft
9782:Jean Sylvain Bailly
9569:Pierre Louis Prieur
9514:Jean-Henri Voulland
9489:Jacques-Louis David
9421:Jean Joseph Mounier
9122:Jean Sylvain Bailly
8760:Belgrand de Vaubois
8648:Jean-Antoine Marbot
8588:Emmanuel de Grouchy
8393:Treaty of Lunéville
8032:Battle of Neresheim
7977:Siege of Luxembourg
7956:Siege of Luxembourg
7911:Battle of Tourcoing
7842:Siege of Bellegarde
7669:Coup of 18 Brumaire
7581:Council of Ancients
7356:National Convention
7348:September Massacres
7324:Brunswick Manifesto
7316:France declares war
7083:Assembly of Vizille
6736:FeijĂło y Montenegro
6687:Vorontsova-Dashkova
5295:, 19 October 2016;
5251:on 11 November 2018
4904:, pp. 268, 283
3810:, pp. 427, 435
3582:, pp. 178, 192
2754:Letters from Prison
2682:Letters from Prison
2540:Gray, John (2018).
1656:Left-libertarianism
1182:Part of a series on
1148:Bourbon restoration
1112:transferred to the
1008:National Convention
992:Section des Piques.
829:Kingdom of Sardinia
827:, then part of the
825:Fortress of Miolans
738:Place des Victoires
618:), sexual abuse or
616:corporal punishment
614:(or other forms of
528:Pier Paolo Pasolini
12263:Writers from Paris
12178:French republicans
12148:Civil disobedience
12007:Political violence
12002:Political theology
11985:Left-wing politics
11980:Political spectrum
9842:Loménie de Brienne
9817:Madame de Lamballe
9752:Napoléon Bonaparte
9549:Prieur de la Marne
9464:Camille Desmoulins
9318:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
9194:Jean-Sifrein Maury
9189:Arnaud de La Porte
9045:Alexander Korsakov
8831:Count of Clerfayt
8750:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
8663:Auguste de Marmont
8518:Napoléon Bonaparte
8409:Algeciras campaign
8401:Treaty of Florence
8279:Battle of Stockach
8112:Ireland expedition
8096:Battle of Calliano
8056:Battle of Rovereto
8048:Battle of WĂŒrzburg
7500:Law of 22 Prairial
7469:Anti-clerical laws
7444:The Death of Marat
7265:Flight to Varennes
5875:Natural philosophy
5615:In popular culture
5364:Sade Mon Prochain.
5275:chateaudeconde.com
4621:, pp. 299â300
4278:, pp. 313â315
4254:, pp. 419â420
4194:, pp. 147â148
3666:, pp. 294â304
3498:, pp. 194â206
3306:, pp. 105â109
3282:, pp. 101â102
3158:The New York Times
2924:, pp. 116â117
2669:Wainhouse, Austryn
2572:. London: Abacus.
2340:
2332:ChĂąteau de Lacoste
2293:The Crimes of Love
2249:The Crimes of Love
2088:
2056:Cultural influence
1995:Simone de Beauvoir
1916:Critical reception
1761:Social engineering
1711:Anti-individualism
1705:Principal concerns
1585:Anarcho-capitalism
1302:Self-actualization
1089:
1051:, a leader of the
947:lettres de cachets
935:Eugenie de Franval
883:
756:parlement de Paris
695:
638:
602:convent in Paris.
572:Elector of Cologne
570:, Britain and the
504:Simone de Beauvoir
12163:French marquesses
12060:
12059:
11970:Philosophy of law
11915:Conflict theories
11755:The Spirit of Law
11662:
11661:
10711:Original position
10167:
10166:
10163:
10162:
10041:Cockade of France
10012:
10011:
9974:Antoine Lavoisier
9964:Benjamin Franklin
9944:Anacharsis Cloots
9907:
9906:
9903:
9902:
9827:Louis de Breteuil
9669:Theophile Leclerc
9097:
9096:
9093:
9092:
9050:Alexander Suvorov
8791:
8790:
8725:JĂłzef Poniatowski
8643:Ătienne Macdonald
8447:
8446:
8348:Battle of Marengo
8311:Battle of Trebbia
8295:Battle of Cassano
8287:Battle of Magnano
8271:Battle of Ostrach
8173:Battle of Neuwied
7935:Battle of Fleurus
7919:Battle of Tournay
7796:War in the Vendée
7732:Royalist Revolts
7693:
7692:
7250:
7226:Abolition of the
7144:Tennis Court Oath
7136:National Assembly
6965:French Revolution
6931:
6930:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6894:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5924:Scientific method
5781:Critical thinking
5696:
5695:
5657:Aline and Valcour
5502:Project Gutenberg
5439:A Fall from Grace
5368:Pierre Klossowski
5281:on 9 August 2007.
5229:, pp. 418â20
5114:978-0-8021-3012-9
4823:10.1136/jme.6.1.7
4805:A D Farr (1980).
4721:, pp. 420â21
4545:978-0-7624-1697-4
4509:, pp. 289â90
4437:, pp. 370â71
4353:, pp. 94â104
4302:, pp. 435â36
4242:, p. 358-60.
4158:, p. 215-16.
4110:, pp. 565â67
4098:, pp. 563â64
4086:, pp. 558â59
4074:, pp. 509â10
4050:, pp. 557â58
4026:, pp. 504â05
4014:, pp. 492â93
4002:, pp. 523â28
3966:, pp. 512â19
3954:, pp. 513â16
3942:, pp. 509â11
3918:, pp. 494â95
3894:, pp. 421â22
3882:, pp. 472â73
3846:, pp. 458â59
3834:, pp. 447â49
3798:, pp. 379â81
3762:, pp. 378â81
3750:, pp. 382â84
3738:, pp. 388â89
3714:, pp. 350â54
3702:, pp. 349â50
3678:, pp. 319â49
3654:, pp. 290â94
3642:, pp. 237â38
3630:, pp. 290â93
3618:, pp. 215â18
3606:, pp. 272â79
3570:, pp. 248â50
3558:, pp. 246â47
3546:, pp. 230â46
3534:, pp. 227â29
3522:, pp. 206â16
3486:, pp. 192â93
3474:, pp. 188â91
3462:, pp. 187â88
3450:, pp. 184â86
3426:, pp. 171â74
3414:, pp. 89â102
3402:, pp. 153â70
3390:, pp. 150â51
3378:, pp. 125â44
3354:, pp. 119â23
3270:, pp. 99â101
3067:, pp. 53, 60
2912:, pp. 143â49
2897:, pp. 293â94
2710:978-0-67400-392-7
2655:978-0-7624-1697-4
2598:978-1-60486-064-1
2579:978-0-349-11535-1
2237:Aline and Valcour
2195:120 Days of Sodom
2162:(Kaufman, 2000).
1824:
1823:
1287:Personal property
1242:Individual rights
1036:Aline and Valcour
978:premiered at the
945:voted to abolish
927:Aline and Valcour
854:lettre de cachet.
773:lettre de cachet.
752:ChĂąteau de Saumur
373:
372:
267:
266:
203:Late 18th century
145:Philosophy career
137:Kingdom of France
112:Kingdom of France
16:(Redirected from
12270:
11975:Political ethics
11965:Machiavellianism
11905:Authoritarianism
11890:
11880:
11870:
11860:
11850:
11840:
11830:
11820:
11810:
11800:
11790:
11780:
11770:
11760:
11750:
11740:
11730:
11720:
11710:
11700:
11690:
11680:
10756:
10755:
10697:
10633:
10623:Balance of power
10597:Social democracy
10592:Social Darwinism
10567:Multiculturalism
10512:Environmentalism
10487:Communitarianism
10194:
10187:
10180:
10171:
10170:
10121:
10109:Temple of Reason
10080:
10056:
10037:
10018:
10017:
9969:Thomas Jefferson
9913:
9912:
9832:de Chateaubriand
9762:Joseph Bonaparte
9757:Lucien Bonaparte
9747:Marie Antoinette
9702:
9701:
9689:Sylvain Maréchal
9644:François Hanriot
9479:Louis Philippe I
9406:Louis Philippe I
9401:Philippe ĂgalitĂ©
9343:Olympe de Gouges
9313:Charlotte Corday
9303:Ătienne ClaviĂšre
9103:
9102:
9085:Antonio Ricardos
9070:
9069:
9055:Andrei Rosenberg
9035:
9034:
9005:
9004:
8980:
8979:
8950:Ralph Abercromby
8937:
8936:
8912:
8889:
8876:
8868:
8860:
8847:
8834:
8811:
8810:
8802:
8801:
8706:
8653:Marcellin Marbot
8476:
8475:
8469:
8468:
8457:Military leaders
8453:
8452:
8440:
8432:
8428:Treaty of Amiens
8413:
8405:
8397:
8376:
8368:
8360:
8352:
8331:
8330:(25â26 Sep 1799)
8323:
8315:
8314:(17â20 Jun 1799)
8307:
8299:
8298:(27â28 Apr 1799)
8291:
8283:
8275:
8274:(20â21 Mar 1799)
8267:
8259:
8255:Second Coalition
8238:
8230:
8222:
8214:
8206:
8185:
8177:
8169:
8165:Treaty of Leoben
8161:
8153:
8152:(14â15 Jan 1797)
8149:Battle of Rivoli
8145:
8137:
8133:Italian campaign
8116:
8108:
8107:(15â17 Nov 1796)
8104:Battle of Arcole
8100:
8092:
8084:
8076:
8068:
8060:
8052:
8044:
8040:Battle of Amberg
8036:
8023:
8015:
8011:Battle of Lonato
8007:
8003:Italian campaign
7981:
7960:
7952:
7939:
7931:
7923:
7915:
7907:
7898:
7877:
7876:(26â27 Dec 1793)
7864:
7856:
7818:
7810:
7806:Battle of Famars
7774:
7699:
7698:
7681:
7673:
7665:
7646:
7627:
7619:
7600:
7592:
7572:
7564:
7556:
7537:
7529:
7521:
7512:
7504:
7496:
7473:
7465:
7457:
7449:
7439:
7431:
7423:
7403:
7395:
7387:
7368:
7360:
7352:
7344:
7336:
7328:
7320:
7301:
7293:
7285:
7277:
7269:
7268:(20â21 Jun 1791)
7248:
7240:
7232:
7223:
7204:
7196:
7188:
7180:
7172:
7164:
7156:
7148:
7140:
7132:
7124:
7116:
7108:
7087:
7079:
7075:Day of the Tiles
7058:
7057:
6958:
6951:
6944:
6935:
6934:
6920:
6919:
5968:
5967:
5957:
5956:
5915:
5849:
5820:
5806:
5749:
5748:
5738:
5737:
5723:
5716:
5709:
5700:
5699:
5691:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5558:. Archived from
5550:McLemee, Scott.
5526:
5511:Internet Archive
5434:Philippe Sollers
5377:Maurice Blanchot
5337:
5331:
5325:
5312:
5306:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5277:. Archived from
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5236:
5230:
5224:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5179:
5176:Schaeffer (2000)
5173:
5167:
5161:
5155:
5154:, p. 236-37
5149:
5143:
5142:, pp. 50â54
5137:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5100:
5094:
5093:, pp. 56â62
5088:
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4857:
4856:, pp. 96â97
4851:
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4609:, pp. 36â37
4604:
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4531:
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4504:
4498:
4497:, p. 284-89
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4449:, p. 281-82
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4072:Schaeffer (2000)
4069:
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4062:, p. 559-61
4057:
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4024:Schaeffer (2000)
4021:
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3505:
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3412:Schaeffer (2000)
3409:
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3397:
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3367:
3366:, pp. 64â67
3364:Schaeffer (2000)
3361:
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3349:
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3331:
3325:
3319:
3318:, pp. 45â49
3316:Schaeffer (2000)
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3294:, pp. 39â41
3292:Schaeffer (2000)
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3258:, pp. 97â99
3253:
3247:
3246:, pp. 91â94
3241:
3235:
3234:, pp. 28â32
3232:Schaeffer (2000)
3229:
3223:
3220:Schaeffer (2000)
3217:
3211:
3210:, pp. 26â27
3208:Schaeffer (2000)
3205:
3199:
3198:, pp. 77â78
3193:
3187:
3186:, pp. 24â25
3184:Schaeffer (2000)
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3130:, pp. 62â64
3125:
3119:
3118:, pp. 20â22
3116:Schaeffer (2000)
3113:
3104:
3103:, pp. 60â61
3098:
3092:
3091:, pp. 12â13
3089:Schaeffer (2000)
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3055:, pp. 51â52
3050:
3044:
3041:Schaeffer (2000)
3038:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3016:, pp. 36â40
3011:
3005:
3002:Schaeffer (2000)
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2980:, pp. 13â33
2975:
2969:
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2627:How to Read Sade
2621:
2602:
2583:
2564:
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2536:
2517:
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2489:
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2461:
2452:
2413:Sexual fetishism
2397:
2395:Biography portal
2392:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2349:Chùteau de Condé
2234:epistolary novel
2180:Libertine novels
2108:Georges Bataille
2096:non-consensually
1816:
1809:
1802:
1716:Authoritarianism
1632:Liberal feminism
1578:Social anarchism
1568:Egoist anarchism
1312:Self-sufficiency
1297:Private property
1292:Positive liberty
1277:Negative liberty
1179:
1178:
1125:Abbé de Coulmier
1121:Charenton Asylum
1099:. The stocks of
1053:Directory regime
903:lettre de cachet
888:lettre de cachet
837:lettre de cachet
747:lettre de cachet
675:venereal disease
643:Seven Years' War
428:Seven Years' War
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21:
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12253:French colonels
12073:Marquis de Sade
12063:
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12056:
12043:
12032:Totalitarianism
11893:
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11705:Treatise on Law
11698:
11688:
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11316:
11310:
11049:
11043:
10929:
10923:
10842:
10745:
10731:State of nature
10726:Social contract
10706:Ordered liberty
10694:Noblesse oblige
10611:
10445:
10374:
10203:
10198:
10168:
10159:
10034:La Marseillaise
10023:
10022:Cultural impact
10008:
9918:
9899:
9866:
9822:Madame du Barry
9812:Catherine Théot
9802:Thérésa Tallien
9693:
9684:Gracchus Babeuf
9629:François Chabot
9586:
9578:
9499:Georges Couthon
9494:Marquis de Sade
9459:Jean-Paul Marat
9435:
9391:Bertrand BarĂšre
9357:
9268:
9249:Boissy d'Anglas
9244:Madame de Staël
9209:Antoine Barnave
9177:
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8821:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
8805:
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8769:
8710:Nicolas Oudinot
8700:
8633:Claude Lecourbe
8628:Charles Leclerc
8523:Guillaume Brune
8493:Pierre Augereau
8463:
8458:
8443:
8438:
8436:Treaty of Paris
8430:
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7816:
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7791:First Coalition
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7453:Law of Suspects
7447:
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7399:Reign of Terror
7393:
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7179:(4â11 Aug 1789)
7178:
7170:
7162:
7154:
7146:
7138:
7130:
7122:
7114:
7112:RĂ©veillon riots
7106:
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6603:Carvalho e Melo
6591:
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6472:
6424:
6388:
6355:
6274:
6233:
6077:
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5943:
5929:Spanish America
5803:Encyclopédistes
5766:Civil liberties
5743:
5732:
5727:
5697:
5692:
5683:
5619:
5601:
5599:Marquis de Sade
5595:
5535:Marquis de Sade
5494:
5489:
5350:
5348:Further reading
5345:
5340:
5332:
5328:
5323:Wayback Machine
5313:
5309:
5304:Wayback Machine
5290:
5286:
5269:
5268:
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5218:
5212:Phillips (2005)
5210:
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5198:
5194:
5186:
5182:
5174:
5170:
5166:, p. 41-42
5162:
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5140:Phillips (2005)
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5028:Phillips (2005)
5026:
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5016:Phillips (2005)
5014:
5010:
5006:, p. 27-28
5004:Phillips (2005)
5002:
4998:
4992:Phillips (2005)
4990:
4986:
4980:Phillips (2005)
4978:
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4968:Phillips (2005)
4966:
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4954:
4947:
4941:Shattuck (1996)
4939:
4935:
4929:Phillips (2005)
4927:
4920:
4914:Phillips (2005)
4912:
4908:
4902:Shattuck (1996)
4900:
4896:
4890:Shattuck (1996)
4888:
4884:
4878:Shattuck (1996)
4876:
4872:
4866:Phillips (2005)
4864:
4860:
4852:
4848:
4803:
4799:
4792:
4776:Michel Foucault
4767:
4763:
4757:Shattuck (1996)
4755:
4751:
4742:
4738:
4729:
4725:
4717:
4713:
4703:
4701:
4693:The Independent
4686:
4685:
4678:
4672:Shattuck (1996)
4670:
4661:
4653:
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4643:Phillips (2005)
4641:
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4483:Phillips (2005)
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4459:Phillips (2005)
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4339:Phillips (2005)
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4192:Marshall (2008)
4190:
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4168:Phillips (2005)
4166:
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3542:
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3398:
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3114:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3043:, pp. 7â11
3039:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2966:Shattuck (1996)
2964:
2957:
2949:
2940:
2934:Phillips (2005)
2932:
2928:
2922:Phillips (2005)
2920:
2916:
2910:Marshall (2008)
2908:
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2893:
2889:
2883:Phillips (2005)
2881:
2874:
2866:
2859:
2853:Marshall (2008)
2851:
2844:
2838:Marshall (2008)
2836:
2832:
2826:Phillips (2005)
2824:
2820:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2711:
2692:
2665:Seaver, Richard
2656:
2637:
2618:
2599:
2580:
2561:
2533:
2505:
2477:
2449:
2432:
2424:Jeanne Hachette
2393:
2388:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2324:
2310:
2289:
2272:
2223:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2112:Michel Foucault
2064:
2058:
1968:Crimes of Love,
1918:
1820:
1791:
1790:
1786:Totalitarianism
1706:
1698:
1697:
1627:Equity feminism
1600:Rational egoism
1548:
1540:
1539:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1207:Civil liberties
1197:
1177:
1168:
1101:The New Justine
1091:The Napoleonic
1075:
1025:Reign of Terror
980:Théùtre Italien
955:
911:Voyage d'Italie
866:Voyage d'Italie
862:
849:
789:
734:
705:
700:
655:Treaty of Paris
545:
540:
492:totalitarianism
433:Reign of Terror
411:
395:
383:
379:
355:
338:
318:
304:
301: 1790)
292:
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285:
274:
250:
230:
191:
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127:
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122:2 December 1814
106:
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12276:
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12198:Individualists
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12100:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12058:
12057:
12055:
12054:
12048:
12045:
12044:
12042:
12041:
12034:
12029:
12024:
12022:Social justice
12019:
12014:
12009:
12004:
11999:
11998:
11997:
11992:
11987:
11977:
11972:
11967:
11962:
11957:
11952:
11947:
11942:
11937:
11932:
11930:Egalitarianism
11927:
11922:
11920:Contractualism
11917:
11912:
11907:
11901:
11899:
11895:
11894:
11892:
11891:
11881:
11871:
11861:
11851:
11841:
11831:
11821:
11811:
11801:
11791:
11781:
11771:
11761:
11751:
11741:
11731:
11721:
11711:
11701:
11691:
11681:
11670:
11668:
11664:
11663:
11660:
11659:
11657:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11601:
11596:
11591:
11586:
11581:
11576:
11571:
11566:
11561:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11506:
11501:
11496:
11491:
11486:
11481:
11476:
11471:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11341:
11336:
11331:
11326:
11320:
11318:
11312:
11311:
11309:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11223:
11218:
11213:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11188:
11187:
11186:
11176:
11171:
11170:
11169:
11159:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11089:
11084:
11079:
11074:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11053:
11051:
11045:
11044:
11042:
11041:
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10985:
10984:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10944:
10939:
10933:
10931:
10925:
10924:
10922:
10921:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10896:
10891:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10850:
10848:
10844:
10843:
10841:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10814:
10813:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10762:
10760:
10753:
10747:
10746:
10744:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10723:
10718:
10716:Overton window
10713:
10708:
10703:
10698:
10689:
10684:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10625:
10619:
10617:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10547:Libertarianism
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10453:
10451:
10447:
10446:
10444:
10443:
10438:
10433:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10382:
10380:
10376:
10375:
10373:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10211:
10209:
10205:
10204:
10197:
10196:
10189:
10182:
10174:
10165:
10164:
10161:
10160:
10158:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10113:
10112:
10111:
10104:Cult of Reason
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10048:
10046:Flag of France
10043:
10038:
10028:
10025:
10024:
10014:
10013:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9923:
9920:
9919:
9909:
9908:
9905:
9904:
9901:
9900:
9898:
9897:
9892:
9891:
9890:
9885:
9874:
9872:
9868:
9867:
9865:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9852:Jacques Necker
9849:
9844:
9839:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9708:
9706:
9699:
9695:
9694:
9692:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9674:Claire Lacombe
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9599:Jacques HĂ©bert
9595:
9593:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9454:Georges Danton
9451:
9445:
9443:
9437:
9436:
9434:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9367:
9365:
9359:
9358:
9356:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9298:Henri Grégoire
9294:
9289:
9284:
9278:
9276:
9270:
9269:
9267:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9239:Camille Jordan
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9180:
9178:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9118:
9116:
9110:
9109:
9099:
9098:
9095:
9094:
9091:
9090:
9088:
9087:
9082:
9076:
9074:
9061:
9060:
9058:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9041:
9039:
9026:
9025:
9023:
9022:
9017:
9011:
9009:
8996:
8995:
8993:
8992:
8986:
8984:
8971:
8970:
8968:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8943:
8941:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8883:
8878:
8870:
8862:
8854:
8849:
8841:
8836:
8828:
8823:
8817:
8815:
8799:
8793:
8792:
8789:
8788:
8786:
8785:
8779:
8777:
8771:
8770:
8768:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8484:
8482:
8473:
8460:
8459:
8449:
8448:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8433:
8424:
8422:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8414:
8406:
8398:
8389:
8387:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8377:
8369:
8361:
8353:
8344:
8342:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8332:
8324:
8319:Battle of Novi
8316:
8308:
8306:(4â7 Jun 1799)
8300:
8292:
8284:
8276:
8268:
8260:
8251:
8249:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8239:
8231:
8223:
8215:
8207:
8198:
8196:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8178:
8170:
8162:
8154:
8146:
8138:
8129:
8127:
8121:
8120:
8118:
8117:
8109:
8101:
8099:(6â7 Nov 1796)
8093:
8085:
8077:
8069:
8061:
8053:
8045:
8037:
8029:
8024:
8016:
8014:(3â4 Aug 1796)
8008:
7999:
7997:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7987:
7985:Peace of Basel
7982:
7973:
7971:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7953:
7945:
7940:
7932:
7924:
7916:
7908:
7899:
7890:
7888:
7882:
7881:
7879:
7878:
7870:
7865:
7857:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7827:Siege of Mainz
7824:
7819:
7811:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7787:
7785:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7775:
7763:
7758:
7756:Siege of Mainz
7753:
7748:
7747:
7746:
7743:
7738:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7714:
7712:
7706:
7705:
7695:
7694:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7687:
7682:
7674:
7666:
7657:
7655:
7651:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7638:
7636:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7628:
7620:
7611:
7609:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7601:
7593:
7588:13 Vendémiaire
7585:
7584:
7583:
7578:
7565:
7557:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7538:
7530:
7522:
7513:
7505:
7497:
7484:
7482:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7474:
7466:
7458:
7450:
7440:
7435:Levée en masse
7432:
7424:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7409:
7396:
7388:
7379:
7377:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7361:
7353:
7345:
7340:10th of August
7337:
7329:
7321:
7312:
7310:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7302:
7294:
7286:
7278:
7270:
7261:
7259:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7241:
7233:
7224:
7222:(FebâJul 1790)
7215:
7213:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7205:
7197:
7189:
7181:
7173:
7165:
7157:
7149:
7141:
7133:
7125:
7117:
7109:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7080:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7064:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7043:
7036:
7029:
7022:
7015:
7008:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6961:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6938:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6906:
6905:
6904:
6901:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6863:
6861:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6763:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6722:
6720:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6648:
6646:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6590:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6548:
6546:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6434:
6432:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6365:
6363:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6241:
6239:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6085:
6083:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6073:Wollstonecraft
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5964:
5963:
5953:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5850:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5812:
5807:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5745:
5744:
5734:
5733:
5726:
5725:
5718:
5711:
5703:
5694:
5693:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5674:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5594:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5547:
5541:
5532:
5527:
5513:
5504:
5493:
5492:External links
5490:
5488:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5442:
5436:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5400:
5398:Roland Barthes
5391:
5385:
5379:
5370:
5361:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5326:
5307:
5284:
5262:
5231:
5216:
5204:
5192:
5180:
5168:
5156:
5144:
5132:
5120:
5113:
5095:
5080:
5068:
5056:
5044:
5032:
5020:
5008:
4996:
4984:
4972:
4960:
4945:
4933:
4918:
4906:
4894:
4882:
4870:
4858:
4854:Dworkin (1981)
4846:
4797:
4791:978-0674572867
4790:
4770:Eribon, Didier
4761:
4749:
4736:
4723:
4719:Crocker (1963)
4711:
4676:
4659:
4647:
4635:
4623:
4611:
4599:
4587:
4575:
4563:
4551:
4544:
4526:
4511:
4499:
4487:
4475:
4463:
4451:
4439:
4427:
4415:
4411:Crocker (1963)
4403:
4399:Crocker (1963)
4391:
4387:Crocker (1963)
4379:
4375:Crocker (1963)
4367:
4363:Crocker (1963)
4355:
4343:
4331:
4316:
4304:
4292:
4280:
4268:
4256:
4244:
4232:
4220:
4208:
4196:
4184:
4172:
4160:
4148:
4146:, p. 162.
4136:
4124:
4112:
4100:
4088:
4076:
4064:
4052:
4040:
4028:
4016:
4004:
3992:
3980:
3968:
3956:
3944:
3932:
3920:
3908:
3896:
3884:
3872:
3860:
3848:
3836:
3824:
3812:
3800:
3788:
3776:
3764:
3752:
3740:
3728:
3716:
3704:
3692:
3680:
3668:
3656:
3644:
3632:
3620:
3608:
3596:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3536:
3524:
3512:
3500:
3488:
3476:
3464:
3452:
3440:
3428:
3416:
3404:
3392:
3380:
3368:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3320:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3272:
3260:
3248:
3236:
3224:
3212:
3200:
3188:
3176:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3045:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2955:
2951:Dworkin (1981)
2938:
2926:
2914:
2899:
2887:
2872:
2857:
2842:
2830:
2818:
2800:
2770:
2764:978-1559704113
2763:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2715:
2709:
2696:
2690:
2677:
2675:. Grove Press.
2660:
2654:
2641:
2635:
2622:
2616:
2603:
2597:
2584:
2578:
2565:
2559:
2546:
2537:
2531:
2518:
2509:
2503:
2490:
2481:
2475:
2462:
2453:
2447:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2384:
2368:
2365:
2323:
2320:
2315:Richard Seaver
2309:
2306:
2288:
2285:
2271:
2268:
2222:
2219:
2215:brothers Grimm
2211:Gothic fiction
2181:
2178:
2167:
2164:
2156:Madame de Sade
2060:Main article:
2057:
2054:
2038:Pierre Guyotat
2034:Roger Shattuck
2032:series, which
2015:Camille Paglia
2003:Roland Barthes
1975:Jules Michelet
1917:
1914:
1846:Peter Marshall
1831:Geoffrey Gorer
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1746:Indoctrination
1743:
1741:Herd mentality
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1651:Libertarianism
1648:
1647:
1646:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1607:Existentialism
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1595:Ethical egoism
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1307:Self-ownership
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:Do it yourself
1209:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1114:BicĂȘtre Asylum
1074:
1071:
1060:Crimes of Love
954:
951:
861:
858:
848:
845:
841:King Louis XVI
788:
785:
733:
730:
704:
701:
699:
696:
607:Louis-le-Grand
568:Russian Empire
549:HÎtel de Condé
544:
541:
539:
536:
532:Roger Shattuck
530:. Dworkin and
508:Roland Barthes
473:Andrea Dworkin
469:Peter Marshall
371:
370:
362:
361:
357:
356:
354:
353:
350:
346:
344:
340:
339:
337:
336:
333:
330:
326:
324:
320:
319:
317:
316:
312:
310:
306:
305:
290:
286:
283:
282:
280:
276:
275:
272:
265:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:
251:
248:
245:
244:
242:moral nihilism
231:
229:Main interests
228:
225:
224:
219:
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
193:
192:
190:
189:
181:
173:
165:
156:
154:
148:
147:
140:
139:
126:(aged 74)
120:
116:
115:
95:
91:
90:
83:
77:
76:
69:
61:
60:
53:
52:
49:
39:De Sade (film)
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12275:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12214:
12211:
12209:
12206:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12159:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12070:
12068:
12053:
12050:
12049:
12046:
12040:
12039:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11996:
11993:
11991:
11988:
11986:
11983:
11982:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11971:
11968:
11966:
11963:
11961:
11958:
11956:
11955:Jurisprudence
11953:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11902:
11900:
11896:
11887:
11886:
11882:
11877:
11876:
11872:
11867:
11866:
11862:
11857:
11856:
11852:
11847:
11846:
11842:
11837:
11836:
11832:
11827:
11826:
11822:
11817:
11816:
11812:
11807:
11806:
11802:
11797:
11796:
11792:
11787:
11786:
11785:Rights of Man
11782:
11777:
11776:
11772:
11767:
11766:
11762:
11757:
11756:
11752:
11747:
11746:
11742:
11737:
11736:
11732:
11727:
11726:
11722:
11717:
11716:
11712:
11707:
11706:
11702:
11697:
11696:
11695:De re publica
11692:
11687:
11686:
11682:
11677:
11676:
11672:
11671:
11669:
11665:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11502:
11500:
11497:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11485:
11482:
11480:
11477:
11475:
11472:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11442:
11440:
11437:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11335:
11332:
11330:
11327:
11325:
11322:
11321:
11319:
11315:20th and 21st
11313:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11185:
11182:
11181:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11168:
11165:
11164:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11078:
11075:
11073:
11070:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11054:
11052:
11048:18th and 19th
11046:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10983:
10980:
10979:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10934:
10932:
10926:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10904:Nizam al-Mulk
10902:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10851:
10849:
10845:
10839:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10812:
10809:
10808:
10807:
10804:
10802:
10799:
10797:
10794:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10763:
10761:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10748:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10696:
10695:
10690:
10688:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10632:
10631:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10620:
10618:
10614:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10587:Republicanism
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10454:
10452:
10448:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10383:
10381:
10377:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10318:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10212:
10210:
10206:
10202:
10195:
10190:
10188:
10183:
10181:
10176:
10175:
10172:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10120:
10119:
10118:Sans-culottes
10114:
10110:
10107:
10106:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10089:Metric system
10087:
10085:
10082:
10079:
10078:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10055:
10054:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10036:
10035:
10030:
10029:
10026:
10019:
10015:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9929:
9925:
9924:
9921:
9914:
9910:
9896:
9893:
9889:
9888:Panthéon Club
9886:
9884:
9881:
9880:
9879:
9876:
9875:
9873:
9869:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9777:Joachim Murat
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9707:
9703:
9700:
9696:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9596:
9594:
9592:
9591:
9585:
9581:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9554:Gilbert Romme
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9446:
9444:
9442:
9438:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9376:de CambacérÚs
9374:
9372:
9369:
9368:
9366:
9364:
9360:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9295:
9293:
9292:Madame Roland
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9279:
9277:
9275:
9271:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9229:André Chénier
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9184:Grace Elliott
9182:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9175:
9169:
9164:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9115:
9111:
9104:
9100:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9077:
9075:
9073:
9068:
9062:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9042:
9040:
9038:
9033:
9027:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9012:
9010:
9008:
9003:
8997:
8991:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8983:
8978:
8972:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8945:
8944:
8942:
8940:
8935:
8929:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8871:
8869:
8863:
8861:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8818:
8816:
8814:
8809:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8794:
8784:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8772:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8745:Joseph Souham
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8704:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8688:Joachim Murat
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8668:André Masséna
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8481:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8467:
8461:
8454:
8450:
8439:(25 Jun 1802)
8437:
8434:
8431:(25 Mar 1802)
8429:
8426:
8425:
8423:
8419:
8410:
8407:
8404:(18 Mar 1801)
8402:
8399:
8394:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8386:
8382:
8373:
8370:
8365:
8362:
8359:(15 Jun 1800)
8357:
8354:
8351:(14 Jun 1800)
8349:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8341:
8337:
8328:
8325:
8322:(15 Aug 1799)
8320:
8317:
8312:
8309:
8304:
8301:
8296:
8293:
8288:
8285:
8282:(25 Mar 1799)
8280:
8277:
8272:
8269:
8264:
8263:Siege of Acre
8261:
8256:
8253:
8252:
8250:
8248:
8244:
8235:
8234:Peasants' War
8232:
8227:
8224:
8219:
8216:
8211:
8208:
8203:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8195:
8191:
8184:(17 Oct 1797)
8182:
8179:
8176:(18 Apr 1797)
8174:
8171:
8168:(17 Apr 1797)
8166:
8163:
8160:(25 Jan 1797)
8158:
8155:
8150:
8147:
8144:(13 Jan 1797)
8142:
8139:
8134:
8131:
8130:
8128:
8126:
8122:
8113:
8110:
8105:
8102:
8097:
8094:
8089:
8086:
8083:(26 Oct 1796)
8081:
8078:
8075:(19 Oct 1796)
8073:
8070:
8065:
8062:
8057:
8054:
8049:
8046:
8043:(24 Aug 1796)
8041:
8038:
8035:(11 Aug 1796)
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8020:
8017:
8012:
8009:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7996:
7992:
7986:
7983:
7978:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7970:
7966:
7957:
7954:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7938:(26 Jun 1794)
7936:
7933:
7928:
7925:
7922:(22 May 1794)
7920:
7917:
7914:(18 May 1794)
7912:
7909:
7903:
7900:
7897:(24 Apr 1794)
7895:
7892:
7891:
7889:
7887:
7883:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7863:(13 Oct 1793)
7861:
7858:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7815:
7812:
7809:(23 May 1793)
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7784:
7780:
7772:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7707:
7700:
7696:
7686:
7683:
7680:(24 Dec 1799)
7678:
7675:
7670:
7667:
7664:(18 Jun 1799)
7662:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7652:
7645:(11 May 1798)
7643:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7633:
7624:
7621:
7616:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7597:
7594:
7589:
7586:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7573:
7569:
7566:
7563:(22 Aug 1795)
7561:
7558:
7553:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7543:
7536:(11 Nov 1794)
7534:
7531:
7526:
7523:
7520:(28 Jul 1794)
7517:
7514:
7511:(27 Jul 1794)
7509:
7506:
7503:(10 Jun 1794)
7501:
7498:
7493:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7479:
7470:
7467:
7464:(16 Oct 1793)
7462:
7459:
7456:(17 Sep 1793)
7454:
7451:
7446:
7445:
7441:
7438:(23 Aug 1793)
7436:
7433:
7430:(13 Jul 1793)
7428:
7425:
7420:
7417:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7400:
7397:
7392:
7389:
7386:(21 Jan 1793)
7384:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7374:
7367:(22 Sep 1792)
7365:
7362:
7357:
7354:
7349:
7346:
7343:(10 Aug 1792)
7341:
7338:
7333:
7330:
7327:(25 Jul 1792)
7325:
7322:
7319:(20 Apr 1792)
7317:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7307:
7298:
7295:
7290:
7287:
7284:(27 Aug 1791)
7282:
7279:
7276:(17 Jul 1791)
7274:
7271:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7256:
7249:(14 Jul 1790)
7247:
7246:
7242:
7239:(12 Jul 1790)
7237:
7234:
7231:(23 Jun 1790)
7229:
7225:
7220:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7210:
7201:
7198:
7193:
7190:
7187:(26 Aug 1789)
7185:
7182:
7177:
7174:
7169:
7166:
7163:(14 Jul 1789)
7161:
7158:
7153:
7150:
7147:(20 Jun 1789)
7145:
7142:
7137:
7134:
7131:(4 June 1789)
7129:
7126:
7121:
7118:
7115:(28 Apr 1789)
7113:
7110:
7105:
7104:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7093:
7086:(21 Jul 1788)
7084:
7081:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7066:
7059:
7055:
7049:
7048:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7037:
7035:
7034:
7030:
7028:
7027:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6995:
6993:
6992:
6991:Ancien RĂ©gime
6988:
6986:
6985:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6966:
6959:
6954:
6952:
6947:
6945:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6923:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6910:
6902:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6859:United States
6856:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6762:
6758:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6715:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6645:
6641:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6619:Budai-Deleanu
6617:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6427:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6080:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5983:Ashley-Cooper
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5958:
5954:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5885:Progressivism
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5834:Individualism
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5724:
5719:
5717:
5712:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5690:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5600:
5592:
5587:
5585:
5580:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5407:Ronald Hayman
5404:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5335:
5334:Seaver (2000)
5330:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5266:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5223:
5221:
5213:
5208:
5201:
5200:Seaver (2000)
5196:
5190:, p. xii
5189:
5188:Bongie (1998)
5184:
5178:, p. 507
5177:
5172:
5165:
5164:Seaver (2000)
5160:
5153:
5148:
5141:
5136:
5130:, p. 327
5129:
5124:
5116:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5092:
5087:
5085:
5077:
5072:
5065:
5060:
5053:
5048:
5042:, p. 114
5041:
5036:
5029:
5024:
5017:
5012:
5005:
5000:
4993:
4988:
4981:
4976:
4969:
4964:
4957:
4956:Seaver (2000)
4952:
4950:
4943:, p. 251
4942:
4937:
4930:
4925:
4923:
4916:, p. 109
4915:
4910:
4903:
4898:
4892:, p. 239
4891:
4886:
4880:, p. 283
4879:
4874:
4868:, p. 108
4867:
4862:
4855:
4850:
4842:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4801:
4793:
4787:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4746:
4740:
4733:
4727:
4720:
4715:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4674:, p. 254
4673:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4657:, p. 298
4656:
4655:Bongie (1998)
4651:
4644:
4639:
4632:
4631:Paglia (1990)
4627:
4620:
4619:Bongie (1998)
4615:
4608:
4607:Carter (1978)
4603:
4597:, p. 297
4596:
4595:Bongie (1998)
4591:
4585:, p. 295
4584:
4583:Bongie (1998)
4579:
4573:, p. 294
4572:
4571:Bongie (1998)
4567:
4561:, p. 293
4560:
4559:Bongie (1998)
4555:
4547:
4541:
4537:
4530:
4524:, p. 213
4523:
4522:Bongie (1998)
4518:
4516:
4508:
4507:Bongie (1998)
4503:
4496:
4495:Bongie (1998)
4491:
4484:
4479:
4472:
4467:
4460:
4455:
4448:
4447:Bongie (1998)
4443:
4436:
4431:
4425:, p. 380
4424:
4419:
4412:
4407:
4401:, p. 406
4400:
4395:
4389:, p. 414
4388:
4383:
4376:
4371:
4365:, p. 399
4364:
4359:
4352:
4347:
4340:
4335:
4327:
4320:
4314:, p. 315
4313:
4308:
4301:
4296:
4289:
4284:
4277:
4272:
4265:
4264:Bongie (1998)
4260:
4253:
4248:
4241:
4236:
4229:
4228:Phillips 2005
4224:
4217:
4212:
4206:, p. 98.
4205:
4200:
4193:
4188:
4182:, p. 142
4181:
4176:
4169:
4164:
4157:
4152:
4145:
4140:
4134:, p. 17.
4133:
4132:Phillips 2005
4128:
4122:, p. 525
4121:
4116:
4109:
4104:
4097:
4092:
4085:
4080:
4073:
4068:
4061:
4056:
4049:
4044:
4038:, p. 546
4037:
4032:
4025:
4020:
4013:
4008:
4001:
3996:
3990:, p. 524
3989:
3984:
3978:, p. 479
3977:
3972:
3965:
3960:
3953:
3948:
3941:
3936:
3930:, p. 506
3929:
3924:
3917:
3912:
3906:, p. 485
3905:
3900:
3893:
3888:
3881:
3876:
3869:
3864:
3857:
3852:
3845:
3840:
3833:
3828:
3821:
3816:
3809:
3804:
3797:
3792:
3785:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3761:
3756:
3749:
3744:
3737:
3732:
3726:, p. 406
3725:
3720:
3713:
3708:
3701:
3696:
3690:, p. 321
3689:
3684:
3677:
3672:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3648:
3641:
3636:
3629:
3624:
3617:
3612:
3605:
3600:
3593:
3588:
3581:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3540:
3533:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3497:
3492:
3485:
3480:
3473:
3468:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3444:
3438:, p. 180
3437:
3432:
3425:
3420:
3413:
3408:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3384:
3377:
3372:
3365:
3360:
3353:
3348:
3342:, p. 121
3341:
3336:
3330:, p. 145
3329:
3324:
3317:
3312:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3288:
3281:
3276:
3269:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3245:
3240:
3233:
3228:
3221:
3216:
3209:
3204:
3197:
3192:
3185:
3180:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3027:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2974:
2967:
2962:
2960:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2936:, p. 118
2935:
2930:
2923:
2918:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2896:
2895:Bongie (1998)
2891:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2855:, p. 144
2854:
2849:
2847:
2840:, p. 145
2839:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2731:
2729:0-312-14602-7
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2691:1-86046-807-1
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2636:0-393-32822-8
2632:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2617:0-679-73579-8
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2560:0-246-13666-9
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2532:0-684-80007-1
2528:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2504:0-7043-3876-9
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2476:0-394-75893-5
2472:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2448:0-226-06420-4
2444:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2385:
2382:
2381:France portal
2371:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:Pierre Cardin
2353:
2350:
2346:
2345:Condé-en-Brie
2337:
2333:
2328:
2319:
2316:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:Edmund Wilson
2294:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2050:Michel Onfray
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2019:Annie Le Brun
2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1956:published an
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1874:
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1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
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1787:
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1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Laissez-faire
1255:
1253:
1252:Individuation
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:Individualism
1186:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:phrenological
1151:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1139:psychotherapy
1135:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1109:Joseph Fouché
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
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1028:
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1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
967:
965:
961:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
880:
879:
873:
869:
867:
857:
855:
844:
842:
838:
832:
830:
826:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
784:
780:
776:
774:
770:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:
743:
739:
729:
725:
723:
719:
714:
711:
691:
687:
684:
679:
676:
670:
667:
662:
660:
656:
651:
648:
644:
634:
630:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
608:
603:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
535:
533:
529:
525:
524:
520:and the film
519:
515:
514:
509:
505:
501:
500:Angela Carter
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
465:
463:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
429:
424:
422:
417:
407:
377:
368:
363:
358:
351:
348:
347:
345:
341:
334:
331:
328:
327:
325:
321:
314:
313:
311:
307:
281:
277:
270:
262:
258:
255:
252:
249:Notable ideas
246:
243:
239:
235:
232:
226:
223:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
187:
186:
182:
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178:
174:
171:
170:
166:
163:
162:
158:
157:
155:
149:
146:
141:
138:
134:
130:
121:
117:
113:
109:
96:
92:
88:
84:
82:
78:
73:
67:
62:
58:
54:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
12203:Materialists
12143:BDSM writers
12036:
11935:Elite theory
11883:
11873:
11863:
11853:
11843:
11833:
11823:
11813:
11803:
11793:
11783:
11773:
11763:
11753:
11743:
11733:
11723:
11713:
11703:
11693:
11683:
11673:
11255:
10972:Guicciardini
10928:Early modern
10751:Philosophers
10701:Open society
10637:Body politic
10507:Distributism
10497:Conservatism
10492:Confucianism
10411:Gerontocracy
10401:Dictatorship
10355:Sovereigntyâ
10345:Ruling class
10235:Emancipation
10220:Citizenshipâ
10125:Phrygian cap
10070:Bastille Day
9984:Thomas Paine
9939:Edmund Burke
9934:Beaumarchais
9928:Les LumiĂšres
9926:
9767:Joseph Fesch
9679:Pauline LĂ©on
9649:Jacques Roux
9588:
9493:
9172:
8598:Lazare Hoche
8583:Paul Grenier
8553:Louis Desaix
8412:(8 Jul 1801)
8396:(9 Feb 1801)
8367:(3 Dec 1800)
8290:(5 Apr 1799)
8091:(6 Nov 1796)
8067:(8 Sep 1796)
8059:(4 Sep 1796)
8051:(3 Sep 1796)
8022:(5 Aug 1796)
7951:(2 Oct 1794)
7930:(1 Jun 1794)
7672:(9 Nov 1799)
7618:(4 Sep 1797)
7555:(1 Apr 1795)
7525:White Terror
7518:guillotined
7495:(5 Apr 1794)
7442:
7422:(2 Jun 1793)
7292:(3 Sep 1791)
7243:
7203:(2 Nov 1789)
7195:(5 Oct 1789)
7123:(5 May 1789)
7101:
7078:(7 Jun 1788)
7045:
7038:
7031:
7024:
7017:
7010:
7003:
6996:
6989:
6982:
6975:
6907:
6652:Catherine II
6218:
6104:Beaumarchais
5934:Universality
5905:Reductionism
5852:
5829:Human rights
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5610:Bibliography
5598:
5560:the original
5520:Open Library
5483:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5453:
5444:
5438:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5411:
5402:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5372:
5363:
5354:
5336:, p. 41
5329:
5310:
5292:
5287:
5279:the original
5274:
5265:
5253:. Retrieved
5249:the original
5245:marianne.net
5244:
5234:
5214:, p. 16
5207:
5202:, p. 39
5195:
5183:
5171:
5159:
5147:
5135:
5123:
5104:
5098:
5071:
5059:
5047:
5035:
5030:, p. 58
5023:
5011:
4999:
4987:
4975:
4963:
4936:
4909:
4897:
4885:
4873:
4861:
4849:
4814:
4810:
4800:
4775:
4764:
4752:
4744:
4739:
4731:
4726:
4714:
4702:. Retrieved
4691:
4650:
4645:, p. 30
4638:
4626:
4614:
4602:
4590:
4578:
4566:
4554:
4535:
4529:
4502:
4490:
4478:
4466:
4461:, p. 60
4454:
4442:
4430:
4423:Lever (1993)
4418:
4406:
4394:
4382:
4370:
4358:
4346:
4334:
4325:
4319:
4307:
4300:Lever (1993)
4295:
4288:Lever (1993)
4283:
4271:
4259:
4252:Lever (1993)
4247:
4235:
4223:
4211:
4204:Dworkin 1981
4199:
4187:
4180:Gorer (1964)
4175:
4163:
4151:
4139:
4127:
4120:Lever (1993)
4115:
4108:Lever (1993)
4103:
4096:Lever (1993)
4091:
4084:Lever (1993)
4079:
4067:
4060:Lever (1993)
4055:
4048:Lever (1993)
4043:
4036:Lever (1993)
4031:
4019:
4007:
4000:Lever (1993)
3995:
3988:Lever (1993)
3983:
3971:
3964:Lever (1993)
3959:
3952:Lever (1993)
3947:
3940:Lever (1993)
3935:
3928:Lever (1993)
3923:
3916:Lever (1993)
3911:
3904:Lever (1993)
3899:
3892:Lever (1993)
3887:
3880:Lever (1993)
3875:
3868:Lever (1993)
3863:
3856:Lever (1993)
3851:
3844:Lever (1993)
3839:
3832:Lever (1993)
3827:
3815:
3803:
3796:Lever (1993)
3791:
3784:Lever (1993)
3779:
3772:Lever (1993)
3767:
3760:Lever (1993)
3755:
3748:Lever (1993)
3743:
3736:Lever (1993)
3731:
3719:
3712:Lever (1993)
3707:
3700:Lever (1993)
3695:
3683:
3676:Lever (1993)
3671:
3664:Lever (1993)
3659:
3652:Lever (1993)
3647:
3635:
3628:Lever (1993)
3623:
3611:
3604:Lever (1993)
3599:
3592:Lever (1993)
3587:
3575:
3568:Lever (1993)
3563:
3556:Lever (1993)
3551:
3544:Lever (1993)
3539:
3532:Lever (1993)
3527:
3520:Lever (1993)
3515:
3503:
3496:Lever (1993)
3491:
3484:Lever (1993)
3479:
3472:Lever (1993)
3467:
3460:Lever (1993)
3455:
3448:Lever (1993)
3443:
3436:Lever (1993)
3431:
3424:Lever (1993)
3419:
3407:
3400:Lever (1993)
3395:
3388:Lever (1993)
3383:
3376:Lever (1993)
3371:
3359:
3352:Lever (1993)
3347:
3340:Lever (1993)
3335:
3323:
3311:
3304:Lever (1993)
3299:
3287:
3280:Lever (1993)
3275:
3268:Lever (1993)
3263:
3256:Lever (1993)
3251:
3244:Lever (1993)
3239:
3227:
3222:, p. 21
3215:
3203:
3196:Lever (1993)
3191:
3179:
3167:. Retrieved
3156:
3147:
3140:Lever (1993)
3135:
3128:Lever (1993)
3123:
3101:Lever (1993)
3096:
3084:
3077:Lever (1993)
3072:
3065:Lever (1993)
3060:
3053:Lever (1993)
3048:
3028:, p. 49
3026:Lever (1993)
3021:
3014:Lever (1993)
3009:
2997:
2992:, p. 33
2990:Lever (1993)
2985:
2978:Lever (1993)
2973:
2929:
2917:
2890:
2885:, p. 22
2868:Dworkin 1981
2833:
2821:
2811:
2803:
2791:. Retrieved
2753:
2746:
2719:
2700:
2681:
2672:
2645:
2626:
2607:
2588:
2569:
2550:
2541:
2522:
2513:
2494:
2485:
2466:
2457:
2438:
2418:JesĂșs Franco
2361:
2354:
2341:
2311:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2280:Le Suborneur
2279:
2275:
2273:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2183:
2175:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2079:
2065:
2046:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1993:
1984:
1980:Kraft-Ebbing
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:Anti-Justine
1957:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1881:
1877:Albert Camus
1875:
1870:
1863:
1854:
1851:
1844:
1829:
1825:
1751:Mass society
1736:Group rights
1721:Collectivism
1693:Voluntaryism
1688:Subjectivism
1485:Schopenhauer
1479:
1329:Philosophers
1317:Subjectivity
1232:Human rights
1169:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1118:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1082:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1029:
995:
991:
979:
976:Le Suborneur
975:
968:
963:
959:
956:
946:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
908:
902:
894:
892:
887:
884:
876:
865:
863:
853:
850:
836:
833:
819:
815:
813:
797:flagellation
790:
781:
777:
772:
764:
759:
745:
735:
726:
715:
706:
686:adolescents.
680:
671:
663:
652:
639:
624:
604:
584:
561:
546:
521:
511:
477:
466:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
441:
425:
375:
374:
183:
175:
167:
159:
152:Notable work
144:
133:Val-de-Marne
124:(1814-12-02)
81:Coat of arms
43:
12083:1814 deaths
12078:1740 births
11809:(1835â1840)
11689:(c. 350 BC)
11679:(c. 375 BC)
11296:Tocqueville
11261:Saint-Simon
11226:Montesquieu
11077:Bolingbroke
11009:Machiavelli
10889:Ibn Khaldun
10854:Alpharabius
10847:Middle Ages
10672:Natural law
10647:Common good
10572:Nationalism
10532:Imperialism
10502:Corporatism
10477:Colonialism
10457:Agrarianism
10436:Technocracy
10416:Meritocracy
10396:Bureaucracy
10386:Aristocracy
9994:Abbé SieyÚs
9979:Montesquieu
9895:Social Club
9837:Jean Chouan
9727:Louis XVIII
9504:Roger Ducos
9474:Paul Barras
9441:Montagnards
9371:Abbé SieyÚs
9174:monarchiens
8982:Netherlands
8911:(Hungarian)
8859:(Hungarian)
8775:French Navy
8701: [
8623:Jean Lannes
8480:French Army
8258:(1798â1802)
8229:(1798â1800)
8213:(1798â1801)
7943:Chouannerie
7904:(Pyrenees)
7769: [
7736:Chouannerie
7528:(Fall 1794)
7516:Robespierre
6909:Romanticism
6731:Charles III
6572:Poniatowski
6509:Leeuwenhoek
6489:de la Court
6477:Netherlands
6321:Mendelssohn
6316:Lichtenberg
6194:Montesquieu
5912:Sapere aude
5895:Rationalism
5890:Rationality
5880:Objectivity
5449:Octavio Paz
5255:10 November
5227:Gray (1998)
5152:Gray (1998)
5128:Gray (1998)
5078:, p. 2
5064:Gray (1998)
5054:, p. 7
4982:, p. 4
4958:, p. 4
4817:(1): 7â10.
4704:10 November
4536:Malcontents
4485:, p. 3
4471:Gray (1998)
4435:Gray (1998)
4351:Gray (2018)
4312:Gray (1998)
4276:Gray (1998)
4156:Bongie 1998
3328:Love (2002)
3004:, p. 7
2828:, p. 1
2646:Malcontents
2430:Works cited
2191:necrophilia
2187:coprophilia
2042:Shakespeare
1978:sexologist
1836:bourgeoisie
1683:Objectivism
1282:Open border
1227:Freethought
1166:Controversy
1049:Paul Barras
1021:9 Thermidor
1012:Robespierre
1004:Le Peletier
933:(1787) and
816:in absentia
809:Spanish fly
807:laced with
518:Peter Weiss
234:Pornography
104:2 June 1740
12067:Categories
12017:Separatism
11825:On Liberty
11725:The Prince
11454:Huntington
10957:Campanella
10884:al-Ghazali
10833:Thucydides
10791:Lactantius
10736:Statolatry
10562:Monarchism
10542:Liberalism
10467:Capitalism
10450:Ideologies
10431:Plutocracy
10379:Government
10335:Revolution
10320:Propaganda
10270:Legitimacy
10245:Government
9883:Cordeliers
9797:Talleyrand
9722:Louis XVII
9584:HĂ©bertists
9338:Jean Debry
9168:Feuillants
8797:Opposition
8693:Michel Ney
8115:(Dec 1796)
7723:Thionville
7626:(Dec 1797)
7599:(May 1796)
7591:5 Oct 1795
7568:Directoire
7448:(painting)
7351:(Sep 1792)
7335:(Jun 1792)
7168:Great Fear
7107:(Jan 1789)
6998:Revolution
6751:Villarroel
6746:Jovellanos
6682:Radishchev
6629:Micu-Klein
6567:Niemcewicz
6534:Swammerdam
6524:Nieuwentyt
6514:Mandeville
6369:Farmakidis
6255:Burlamaqui
6164:La Mettrie
6139:Fontenelle
6094:d'Argenson
6089:d'Alembert
6013:Harrington
5939:Utopianism
5839:Liberalism
5796:Empiricism
5771:Classicism
5761:Capitalism
5472:Pour Sade.
5447:(1998) by
5432:(1996) by
5405:(1978) by
5396:(1971) by
5375:(1949) by
5366:(1947) by
5359:Iwan Bloch
5357:(1899) by
2793:25 January
2739:References
2152:Marat/Sade
2101:consenting
1884:La Mettrie
1726:Conformity
1673:Minarchism
1639:Liberalism
1553:Autarchism
1547:Ideologies
1415:Mandeville
1380:Hipparchia
1340:Aristippus
1237:Individual
1196:Principles
1044:department
972:emigration
881:manuscript
875:Detail of
803:-flavored
793:manservant
718:Echauffour
513:Marat/Sade
488:surrealism
100:1740-06-02
12208:Nihilists
11735:Leviathan
11715:Monarchia
11709:(c. 1274)
11544:Oakeshott
11489:Mansfield
11484:Luxemburg
11469:Kropotkin
11364:Bernstein
11317:centuries
11231:Nietzsche
11174:Jefferson
11102:Condorcet
11050:centuries
11029:Pufendorf
10894:Marsilius
10781:Confucius
10766:Aristotle
10759:Antiquity
10687:Noble lie
10607:Third Way
10602:Socialism
10527:Feudalism
10482:Communism
10462:Anarchism
10441:Theocracy
10426:Oligarchy
10406:Democracy
10391:Autocracy
10305:Pluralism
10290:Obedience
10255:Hierarchy
10215:Authority
9717:Louis XVI
9712:Charles X
9363:The Plain
9274:Girondins
9214:Lafayette
8875:(Walloon)
8857:PĂĄl Kray
8833:(Walloon)
8375:(1800â02)
8226:Quasi-War
7685:Consulate
7571:(1795â99)
7026:Consulate
7019:Directory
6872:Jefferson
6814:Hutcheson
6703:ObradoviÄ
6672:Lomonosov
6667:Kheraskov
6577:Ćniadecki
6341:Weishaupt
6336:Thomasius
6326:Pufendorf
6169:Lavoisier
6154:d'Holbach
6149:Helvétius
6129:Descartes
6124:Condorcet
6119:Condillac
6053:Priestley
5870:Modernity
5791:Democracy
5597:Works by
5556:glbtq.com
4772:(1991) .
4326:The Rebel
4240:Gray 1998
4216:Sade 1965
4144:Gray 1998
2458:The Rebel
2140:Ted Bundy
2136:Ian Brady
1898:John Gray
1871:ci-devant
1840:socialist
1781:Theocracy
1731:Dogmatism
1678:Mutualism
1558:Anarchism
1445:Nietzsche
1440:Montaigne
1395:Jefferson
1390:Ingersoll
1262:Libertine
1222:Free love
1217:Eremitism
1093:Consulate
1068:Juliette.
899:pederasty
805:pastilles
765:parlement
760:parlement
710:Vincennes
666:bourgeois
659:monastery
627:Champagne
591:libertine
496:anarchism
480:Nietzsche
421:libertine
360:Signature
222:Libertine
129:Charenton
11990:Centrism
11685:Politics
11675:Republic
11644:Voegelin
11624:Spengler
11609:Shariati
11584:Rothbard
11539:Nussbaum
11439:Habermas
11414:Fukuyama
11404:Foucault
11329:Ambedkar
11306:Voltaire
11276:de Staël
11251:Rousseau
11132:Franklin
11107:Constant
11067:Beccaria
10899:Muhammad
10879:Gelasius
10864:Averroes
10838:Xenophon
10818:Polybius
10771:Chanakya
10616:Concepts
10582:Populism
10552:Localism
10537:Islamism
10522:Feminism
10421:Monarchy
10325:Property
10315:Progress
10280:Monopoly
10250:Hegemony
10077:Panthéon
10065:Muscadin
10060:Marianne
9999:Voltaire
9878:Jacobins
9871:Factions
9411:Mirabeau
8867:(French)
7761:Jemappes
7745:Dauphiné
7228:Nobility
7040:Journals
7033:Glossary
7012:Republic
6984:Timeline
6922:Category
6867:Franklin
6834:Playfair
6804:Ferguson
6761:Scotland
6708:MrazoviÄ
6662:Kantemir
6657:Fonvizin
6596:Portugal
6562:Krasicki
6557:Konarski
6552:KoĆĆÄ
taj
6504:Koerbagh
6453:Genovesi
6438:Beccaria
6400:Berkeley
6331:Schiller
6296:Humboldt
6270:Saussure
6265:Rousseau
6229:Voltaire
6184:Maréchal
6159:Jaucourt
6114:ChĂątelet
6109:Chamfort
6058:Reynolds
5961:Thinkers
5865:Midlands
5854:LumiĂšres
5824:Humanism
5817:Haskalah
5671:Juliette
5319:Archived
5300:Archived
4698:Archived
3169:26 April
3163:Archived
2787:Archived
2671:(eds.).
2367:See also
2207:Juliette
1934:Juliette
1926:Moniteur
1906:nihilism
1617:Humanism
1612:Hedonism
1520:Voltaire
1475:Rothbard
1385:Igualada
1350:Diogenes
1335:Antiphon
1202:Autonomy
1105:Juliette
964:Oxtiern,
722:La Coste
683:Catholic
599:Vaucluse
564:dragoons
452:Juliette
323:Children
185:Juliette
12027:Statism
11940:Elitism
11898:Related
11699:(51 BC)
11629:Strauss
11604:Scruton
11599:Schmitt
11589:Russell
11509:Michels
11504:Maurras
11499:Marcuse
11459:Kautsky
11429:Gramsci
11424:Gentile
11394:Dworkin
11384:Du Bois
11379:Dmowski
11374:Chomsky
11369:Burnham
11354:Benoist
11324:Agamben
11291:Thoreau
11281:Stirner
11271:Spencer
11216:Mazzini
11206:Maistre
11201:Madison
11196:Le Play
11127:Fourier
11092:Carlyle
11072:Bentham
11062:Bastiat
11057:Bakunin
11034:Spinoza
11024:MĂŒntzer
10994:Leibniz
10967:Grotius
10947:Bossuet
10914:Plethon
10859:Aquinas
10828:Sun Tzu
10796:Mencius
10786:Han Fei
10557:Marxism
10517:Fascism
10350:Society
10275:Liberty
10260:Justice
10240:Freedom
9959:Diderot
9705:Figures
9590:Enragés
9296:Father
9007:Prussia
8939:Britain
8888:(Saxon)
8846:(Swiss)
8813:Austria
6877:Madison
6849:Stewart
6789:Burnett
6784:Boswell
6769:Beattie
6741:MoratĂn
6726:Cadalso
6677:Novikov
6612:Romania
6587:Wybicki
6582:Staszic
6529:Spinoza
6499:Huygens
6494:Grotius
6448:Galvani
6443:Galiani
6393:Ireland
6374:Feraios
6346:Wieland
6311:Lessing
6306:Leibniz
6279:Germany
6260:Prévost
6245:Abauzit
6209:Quesnay
6199:Morelly
6189:Meslier
6174:Leclerc
6134:Diderot
6023:Johnson
5998:Collins
5993:Bentham
5978:Addison
5971:England
5919:Science
5756:Atheism
5650:Justine
5509:at the
4841:6990001
4832:1154775
2336:Lacoste
2276:Oxtiern
2245:Justine
2199:Justine
2166:Writing
2127:Justine
2068:Stirner
1964:Justine
1950:Justine
1940:in the
1938:Justine
1930:Justine
1922:Oxtiern
1888:Holbach
1771:Tyranny
1766:Statism
1756:Mobbing
1510:Thoreau
1505:Stirner
1500:Spooner
1495:Spencer
1425:Mencken
1420:Marsden
1365:Goldman
1355:Emerson
1267:Liberty
1084:Justine
1064:Justine
984:Jacobin
939:stormed
801:aniseed
742:Arcueil
597:in the
595:Saumane
576:Avignon
448:Justine
412:French:
343:Parents
309:Partner
303:
291:
287:
238:atheism
169:Justine
59:de Sade
57:Marquis
11889:(1992)
11879:(1971)
11869:(1951)
11859:(1945)
11849:(1944)
11839:(1929)
11829:(1859)
11819:(1848)
11799:(1820)
11789:(1791)
11779:(1790)
11769:(1762)
11759:(1748)
11749:(1689)
11739:(1651)
11729:(1532)
11719:(1313)
11649:Walzer
11639:Taylor
11594:Sartre
11559:Popper
11554:Pareto
11549:Ortega
11534:Nozick
11524:Mouffe
11474:Laclau
11434:Guénon
11419:Gandhi
11359:Berlin
11349:Bauman
11344:Badiou
11334:Arendt
11301:Tucker
11191:Le Bon
11152:Herder
11142:Haller
11137:Godwin
11122:Fichte
11117:Engels
11112:Cortés
11082:Bonald
11039:SuĂĄrez
11014:Milton
11004:Luther
10977:Hobbes
10962:Filmer
10952:Calvin
10937:Boétie
10930:period
10909:Ockham
10776:Cicero
10577:Nazism
10365:Utopia
10340:Rights
10330:Regime
10300:People
10285:Nation
9698:Others
9037:Russia
8471:France
8136:(1797)
8006:(1796)
7741:Vendée
7718:Verdun
7545:1795â6
7488:Danton
7047:Museum
6977:Causes
6829:Newton
6819:Hutton
6799:Cullen
6696:Serbia
6644:Russia
6634:Èincai
6544:Poland
6484:Bekker
6458:Pagano
6420:Toland
6384:Korais
6379:Kairis
6361:Greece
6291:Herder
6286:Goethe
6250:Bonnet
6238:Geneva
6224:Turgot
6214:Raynal
6204:Pascal
6144:Gouges
6082:France
6068:Tindal
6063:Sidney
6038:Newton
6033:Milton
6008:Godwin
6003:Gibbon
5900:Reason
5742:Topics
5111:
4839:
4829:
4788:
4747:79â92.
4542:
2808:"Sade"
2761:
2726:
2707:
2688:
2652:
2633:
2614:
2595:
2576:
2557:
2529:
2501:
2473:
2445:
2334:above
2322:Legacy
2262:; and
2160:Quills
1946:Danton
1590:Egoism
1525:Warren
1515:Tucker
1465:Quelle
1460:Popper
1455:Onfray
1450:Nozick
1360:Godwin
990:, the
769:livres
647:cornet
620:sodomy
612:caning
506:, and
494:, and
461:sadism
454:, and
279:Spouse
273:Family
254:Sadism
217:School
211:France
208:Region
188:(1799)
180:(1795)
172:(1791)
164:(1785)
12038:Index
11667:Works
11654:Weber
11619:Spann
11614:Sorel
11579:Röpke
11574:Rawls
11529:Negri
11519:Mosca
11514:Mises
11479:Lenin
11449:Hoppe
11444:Hayek
11409:Fromm
11399:Evola
11389:Dugin
11286:Taine
11266:Smith
11246:Renan
11241:Paine
11162:Iqbal
11147:Hegel
11097:Comte
11087:Burke
10999:Locke
10989:James
10942:Bodin
10874:Dante
10869:Bruni
10823:Shang
10806:Plato
10360:State
10310:Power
10295:Peace
10230:Elite
10208:Terms
10155:Films
9072:Spain
8705:]
7773:]
7766:Namur
7751:Lille
7728:Valmy
6887:Paine
6882:Mason
6844:Smith
6794:Burns
6779:Blair
6774:Black
6718:Spain
6624:Maior
6519:Meyer
6463:Verri
6430:Italy
6415:Swift
6410:Burke
6405:Boyle
6351:Wolff
6179:Mably
6099:Bayle
6048:Price
6028:Locke
6018:Hooke
5988:Bacon
5786:Deism
5343:Notes
4633:Ch. 8
2270:Plays
1530:Wilde
1490:Smith
1435:Mises
1410:Locke
1405:Laozi
1370:Hayek
1345:Camus
1000:Marat
553:Paris
484:Freud
293:(
289:
108:Paris
11569:Rand
11564:Qutb
11464:Kirk
11339:Aron
11256:Sade
11236:Owen
11221:Mill
11211:Marx
11179:Kant
11157:Hume
11019:More
10919:Wang
10801:Mozi
10225:Duty
9587:and
9171:and
8421:1802
8385:1801
8340:1800
8247:1799
8194:1798
8125:1797
7995:1796
7969:1795
7886:1794
7783:1793
7710:1792
7654:1799
7635:1798
7608:1797
7490:and
7481:1794
7376:1793
7309:1792
7258:1791
7212:1790
7095:1789
7068:1788
6839:Reid
6824:Mill
6809:Hume
6468:Vico
6301:Kant
6219:Sade
6043:Pope
5539:IMDb
5257:2018
5109:ISBN
4837:PMID
4786:ISBN
4706:2018
4540:ISBN
3171:2016
2795:2015
2759:ISBN
2724:ISBN
2705:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2650:ISBN
2631:ISBN
2612:ISBN
2593:ISBN
2574:ISBN
2555:ISBN
2527:ISBN
2499:ISBN
2471:ISBN
2443:ISBN
2403:BDSM
2330:The
2278:and
2138:and
2129:and
1932:and
1892:Hume
1886:and
1535:Yang
1480:Sade
1470:Rand
1430:Mill
1400:Jung
1375:Hess
1103:and
1066:and
1034:and
1002:and
587:Abbé
538:Life
299:sep.
119:Died
94:Born
11634:Sun
11494:Mao
10370:War
10265:Law
8947:Sir
5537:at
5518:at
5500:at
4827:PMC
4819:doi
1842:."
526:by
516:by
200:Era
12069::
8703:fr
7771:fr
5554:.
5273:.
5243:.
5219:^
5083:^
4948:^
4921:^
4835:.
4825:.
4813:.
4809:.
4784:.
4782:31
4690:.
4679:^
4662:^
4514:^
3161:.
3155:.
3108:^
3033:^
2958:^
2941:^
2902:^
2875:^
2860:^
2845:^
2810:.
2773:^
2667:;
2266:.
2258:;
2189:,
2110:,
2082:,
1162:.
1116:.
551:,
502:,
490:,
486:,
482:,
450:,
446:,
410:;
388:ÉË
295:m.
240:,
236:,
135:,
131:,
110:,
10193:e
10186:t
10179:v
6957:e
6950:t
6943:v
6911:â
5722:e
5715:t
5708:v
5590:e
5583:t
5576:v
5259:.
5117:.
4843:.
4821::
4815:6
4794:.
4708:.
4548:.
3173:.
2816:.
2797:.
2767:.
2732:.
2713:.
2694:.
2658:.
2639:.
2620:.
2601:.
2582:.
2563:.
2535:.
2507:.
2479:.
2451:.
1815:e
1808:t
1801:v
1019:(
996:,
406:/
403:d
400:ĂŠ
397:s
394:,
391:d
385:s
382:/
378:(
102:)
98:(
41:.
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20:)
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