229:) gathered troops in the nearby regions and claimed that he was going to launch troops to recapture Chang'an. As part of that, he summoned Dong to Huainan's capital Yang Prefecture (揚州) as well. However, Qian discerned that Gao had no real intentions to attack Huang, and he advised Dong to claim that he needed to return to Hang Prefecture to defend it. Dong did so, and Gao agreed to let him leave. Meanwhile, the imperial government had just recently commissioned a new prefect of Hang Prefecture, Lu Shenzhong (路審中). Before Lu could get to Hang Prefecture, however, Dong took his troops from Shijing into Hang Prefecture to intimidate Lu. Lu, fearful of Dong, did not take office. Dong then claimed the title of acting prefect, and had his officers submit petitions to the military governor of Zhenhai,
343:, so that you will have honor and wealth the rest of your life? It is still not too late to repent." Dong refused Qian's suggestion, so Qian advanced to Yue Prefecture with 30,000 men, bowing down to him outside the Yue city gates, and stating to him that he brought soldiers to force Dong to repent. Dong, in fear, rewarded Qian with money and delivered several sorcerers who had advocated his taking the throne to Qian, claiming that he would soon submit a confession to Emperor Zhaozong. Only then did Qian withdraw and report the matter to Emperor Zhaozong.
276:), and the Prince of Longxi. However, Dong eventually grew cruel and harsh in his rule, caning and whipping people at will, or even slaughtering families for relatively minor offenses. At one point, he threatened to kill some 5,000 households unless they would yield all of their assets to him, and they agreed to do so. It was said that when judging civil lawsuits, he would simply have the litigants gamble; the winning side would win the case, while the losing side would be killed. He also built a temple dedicated to himself modeled after the temple of
256:, I will yield Hang Prefecture to you." Qian agreed, responding, "You are right. If Yue were not captured, it will eventually be harmful to us." Qian thus launched the Hang Prefecture army and attacked Liu Hanhong, repeatedly defeating his army. By winter 886, Qian had captured Yue Prefecture, and Liu Hanhong was captured by his own subordinate Du Xiong (杜雄) the prefect of Tai Prefecture (台州, in modern
244:) of Zhedong, who wanted to take over Zhenhai, sent his brother Liu Hanyou (劉漢宥) and officer Xin Yue (辛約) to attack Hang Prefecture. Dong sent Qian to resist the Zhedong army, and Qian defeated them, forcing them to flee. Liu made another attack in 883, and Dong's army, under Qian, again defeated the Zhedong army, killing Xin and Liu Hanhong's brother Liu Hanrong (劉漢容).
260:). Dong executed Liu, and moved his headquarters to Yue, claiming the title of acting governor, while making Qian the prefect of Hang Prefecture. In 887, Emperor Xizong commissioned Dong as the governor of Zhedong and Qian as the prefect of Hang Prefecture. Later, Dong was made the military governor of Yisheng, which was then renamed to Weisheng (威勝).
374:) and An Renyi (安仁義) the military prefect of Run Prefecture (潤州, in modern Zhenjiang) to attack Qian as well. The Huainan attack was bogged down for some time, however, allowing Qian to continue his attack of Weisheng, even after, in spring 896, because of Yang's request, Emperor Zhaozong pardoned Dong completely and restored his titles.
183:), the Hang Prefecture government tried to resist the pillages by recruiting 1,000 men from each of the counties in the prefecture. Dong and seven others became the militia commanders, and their troops became known as the "Eight Corps of Hang Prefecture". Among the men serving under Dong at the time was
381:
Soon thereafter, the outer city of Yue fell, and Dong withdrew into the inner city to continue to defend it. Qian then sent Dong's old subordinate Luo Tuan (駱團) to Dong, stating that there were imperial orders for Dong to retire to Lin'an. Dong thus agreed to surrender. Gu delivered Dong toward Hang
377:
Qian's forces repeatedly defeated Dong's, and Dong exacerbated the matter by killing anyone who dared to give him accurate information about Qian's military strength. By summer 896, Qian's officer Gu Quanwu (顧全武) had reached Yue and put it under siege. Only then did Dong become fearful. He abandoned
263:
It was said that at the beginning of Dong's rule, he was frugal and fair, and the people were comforted. He ended the heavy salt taxes. Further, Dong was considered faithful to the imperial government because, while the warlords in the other circuits were all largely withholding proper revenue
346:
Emperor
Zhaozong, however, believed that Dong had made great contributions over the years and that he must have just been afflicted with a mental illness. He thus pardoned Dong but ordered him to retire. However, the ambitious Qian, who was hopeful that the imperial government would declare a
378:
the title of emperor and referred to himself as military governor again, but the siege continued. Qian considered abandoning the siege after
Huainan forces captured Su Prefecture about the same time, but Gu pointed out that capturing Yue should be the first priority, and Qian agreed.
347:
campaign against Dong so that he could turn on Dong without appearing to be ungrateful, then submitted an accusation against Dong, pointing out that Dong had committed the unpardonable crime of treason. Emperor
Zhaozong thus issued an edict ordering Qian to attack Dong. Meanwhile,
311:) vied for control of Fujian, and Wang put Fujian's capital Fu Prefecture (福州) under siege. Fan sought aid from Dong, and Dong sent troops. However, before the Weisheng troops could arrive, Wang captured Fu Prefecture, and Fan was killed in flight; Dong then withdrew his troops.
318:(Emperor Xizong's younger brother and successor), seeking to be created the greater title of Prince of Yue. The imperial government did not agree immediately, and Dong became displeased. His followers, wanting to please him, encouraged him to take the next step and become the
264:
payments to the imperial government by that point, he was delivering tributes at a frequent interval — once every 10 days, and the imperial government greatly depended on his tributes in continuing to function. Therefore, Dong eventually was given the titles of acting
330:
Dong Chang sent messengers to Qian Liu to inform Qian that he had become emperor and that he was making Qian the commander of the forces of the "Two Zhes" — i.e., Zhenhai and
Weisheng, which were on the opposite banks of the
159:
in 876–877, Dong joined a local militia to defend against Wang's raids. After Wang's rebellion was defeated, Dong, for his contributions during the campaign, was made the defender of
Shijing Base (石鏡, in modern Hangzhou).
351:, who had taken over Huainan Circuit by this point and who did not want to see Qian take over Weisheng, sent messengers to Qian to point out that Dong had already repented and should be pardoned, but Qian did not relent.
382:
Prefecture, but executed him and his family on the way, as well as some 300 subordinates who had supported his imperial claim. Qian delivered Dong's head to Chang'an and took over his territory.
131:. Not satisfied with the titles that the Tang emperors bestowed on him, he claimed an imperial title in 895 as the emperor of a new state known as Luoping of the Great Yue (大越羅平). His vassal
252:
In 886, Dong Chang and Qian Liu were discussing what to do with
Zhedong — which by this point had been renamed Yisheng Circuit (義勝) — when Dong made the offer to Qian, "If you can capture
771:
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of Yue. In spring 895, he declared himself the emperor of a new state of
Luoping of the Great Yue, after killing every staff member who dared to speak against it.
776:
751:
233:, to have Dong be officially commissioned. Zhou, believing that he could not control Dong otherwise, made Dong the prefect of Hang Prefecture.
335:(Zhe River). Qian, disagreeing with Dong's decision to claim imperial title, wrote back: "Rather than closing up your gates to try to be the
781:
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Yang thus tried to relieve Qian's pressure on Dong by sending his officer Tai Meng (臺濛) to attack Su
Prefecture (蘇州, in modern
299:), whose family had a marital relationship with Dong's family, Chen's brother-in-law Fan Hui (范暉) and Chen's subordinate
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turned against him and killed him, seizing his territory, and eventually becoming the founder of the new state of
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362:), which was then Qian's territory. Qian did not let up his attack, however, and Yang further sent
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It is not known when Dong Chang was born, but it was known that he was from Lin'an (臨安, in modern
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in China. He began his career as the leader of a local militia at Hang
Prefecture (杭州, in modern
339:, so that your entire clan and the people will all fall into fire, why not open your door to be
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175:), which Hang Prefecture belonged to, and Zhedong Circuit (浙東, headquartered in modern
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In 878, when the agrarian rebel Cao
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the governor of neighboring Fujian Circuit (福建, headquartered in modern
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the military governor of Ningguo Circuit (寧國, headquartered in modern
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People executed by the Tang dynasty by decapitation
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Luoping of the Great Yue (大越羅平, Dàyùe Lúopíng)
221:) of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern
119:(董昌, died July 3, 896) was a warlord of the late
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240:the governor (觀察使,
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270:Three Excellencies
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349:Yang Xingmi
282:Xia dynasty
238:Liu Hanhong
207:to flee to
66:Family name
48:July 3, 896
742:896 deaths
731:Categories
421:References
242:Guanchashi
197:Huang Chao
143:Background
117:Dong Chang
78:Given name
24:Dong Chang
426:Citations
368:Xuancheng
301:Wang Chao
169:Zhenjiang
157:Wang Ying
82:Chāng (昌)
57:Full name
713:895–896
708:Zhejiang
657:, vols.
609:vol. 259
588:vol. 256
572:vol. 255
556:vol. 254
540:vol. 253
519:vol. 252
480:vol. 260
364:Tian Jun
341:Jiedushi
305:Quanzhou
289:Chen Yan
236:In 882,
231:Zhou Bao
223:Yangzhou
218:Jiedushi
213:Gao Pian
201:Chang'an
185:Qian Liu
181:Zhejiang
177:Shaoxing
153:Zhejiang
149:Hangzhou
133:Qian Liu
129:Zhejiang
125:Hangzhou
634:Sources
622:Bo Yang
360:Jiangsu
320:Emperor
227:Jiangsu
209:Chengdu
173:Jiangsu
165:Circuit
106:Dynasty
40:Unknown
386:Family
356:Suzhou
309:Fujian
297:Fujian
293:Fuzhou
266:Taiwei
401:Notes
372:Anhui
137:Wuyue
29:Reign
71:Dǒng
45:Died
37:Born
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73:(董)
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