49:
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turn led to larger wings and tail surfaces being adopted along with a lengthening of the fuselage. The existence of the DC-8 was formally announced on 7 June 1955; at the time of the announcement, the development costs had been forecast to be roughly $ 450 million. Four versions were offered to begin with, all with the same 150-foot-6-inch (45.87 m) long airframe with a 141-foot-1-inch (43.00 m) wingspan, but varying in engines and fuel capacity, and with maximum weights of about 240,000–260,000 lb (109–118 metric tons). Douglas steadfastly refused to offer different fuselage sizes. The maiden flight was planned for
December 1957, with entry into revenue service in 1959. Aware that the program was lagging behind Boeing, Douglas began a major marketing push to promote its new jetliner.
1104:: The long-range Series 62 followed in April 1967. It had a more modest stretch, two 40-inch (1.0 m) plugs fore and aft of the wing taking overall length to 157 feet 5 inches (47.98 m), and a number of modifications to provide greater range. 3 feet (0.91 m) wingtip extensions reduced drag and added fuel capacity, and Douglas redesigned the engine pods, extending the pylons and substituting new shorter and neater nacelles, all in the cause of drag reduction. The 18,000 lb JT3D-3B was retained but the engine pylons were redesigned to eliminate their protrusion above the wing and make them sweep forward more sharply, so that the engines were some 40 inches (1.0 m) further forward. The engine pods were also modified with a reduction in diameter and the elimination of the
1093:: The "Super DC-8" Series 61 was designed for high capacity and medium range. It had the same wings, engines and pylons as the -55, and sacrificed range to gain capacity. Having decided to stretch the DC-8, Douglas inserted a 240-inch (6.1 m) plug in the forward fuselage and a 200-inch (5.1 m) plug aft, taking overall length to 187 feet 4 inches (57.10 m). The added length required strengthening of the structure, but the basic DC-8 design already had sufficient ground clearance to permit the one-third increase in cabin size without requiring longer landing gear. The variant first flew on March 14, 1966, and was certified on September 2, 1966, at a maximum weight of 325,000 pounds (147,420 kg). Deliveries began in January 1967 and it entered service with
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987:
869:, 80 inches long between the engines on each wing and 34 inches long inboard of the inner engines. These unique devices were covered by doors on the upper and lower wing surfaces that opened for low-speed flight and closed for cruise. The maximum weight increased from 265,000 to 273,000 pounds (120,200 to 123,800 kg). This model was originally named "DC-8A" until the series 30 was introduced. 30 DC-8-10s were built: 23 for United and six for Delta, plus the prototype. By the mid-sixties, United had converted 16 of its 21 surviving aircraft to DC-8-20 standard and the other five to -50s. Delta converted its six to DC-8-50s. The prototype was itself also converted to a DC-8-50.
1070:
617:
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1021:. Twenty earlier DC-8s were converted to this standard. All but the -55 were certified in 1961. The DC-8-51, DC-8-52 and DC-8-53 all had 17,000 lb (76.1 kN) JT3D-1 or 18,000 lb (80.6 kN) JT3D-3B engines, varying mainly in their weights: 276,000 pounds (125,200 kg), 300,000 pounds (136,100 kg) and 315,000 pounds (142,900 kg) respectively. The DC-8-55 arrived in June 1964, retaining the JT3D-3B engines but with strengthened structure from the freighter versions and 325,000-pound (147,420 kg) maximum weight. 142 DC-8-50s were built plus the 20 converted from Series 10/30/40.
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takeoff weight. The DC-8-32 was similar but allowed 310,000-pound (140,600 kg) weight. The DC-8-33 of
November 1960 substituted 17,500 lb (78.4 kN) JT4A-11 turbojets, a modification to the flap linkage to allow a 1.5° setting for more efficient cruise, stronger landing gear, and 315,000-pound (142,880 kg) maximum weight. Many -31 and -32 DC-8s were upgraded to this standard. A total of 57 DC-8-30s were produced (five of which were later upgraded to DC-8-50 standard).
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reinforced and the rear pressure bulkhead was moved by nearly 7 feet (2.1 m) to make more space. Airlines could order a windowless cabin but only United did, ordering 15 in 1964. The DC-8F-54 had a maximum takeoff weight of 315,000 pounds (142,880 kg) and the DC-8F-55 325,000 pounds (147,420 kg). Both used 18,000 lb (80.6 kN) JT3D-3B powerplants. 62 aircraft built (plus one converted from a standard DC-8-50 and two of the three converted DC-8-40s).
414:, but these proved to be too slow and low flying to easily work with the new jet bombers. The B-52, in particular, had to descend from its cruising altitude and then slow almost to its stall speed to refuel from the KC-97. Believing that a requirement for a jet-powered tanker was a certainty, Boeing started work on a new jet aircraft for this role that could be adapted into an airliner. As an airliner, it would have similar
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771:. The DC-8 program had been in danger of closing with fewer than 300 aircraft sold, but the Super Sixties brought fresh life to it. By the time production of the DC-8 ceased in 1972, 262 of the Super Sixties had been completed, almost half of all models produced. With the ability to seat 269 passengers, the DC-8 Series 61 and 63 had the largest passenger-carrying capacity available. That remained so until the
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fuel capacity slightly – the new wing improved range by 8%, lifting capacity by 6,600 lb (3 metric tons), and cruising speed by better than 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). It was used on all later DC-8s. The first DC-8-40 was delivered in 1960; 32 were built (of which three would eventually be converted to DC-8-50s).
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four-engined airliner. As well as being quieter and more powerful, the CFM56 was up to 23% more fuel-efficient than the JT3D, which reduced operating costs and extended the range. The largest single customer for the Series 70 was United, converting 29 of its Series 61 airliners at a reported cost of $ 400 million.
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All three models were certified in 1982 and a total of 110 60-series Super DC-8s were converted by the time the program ended in 1988. DC-8 series 70 conversions were overseen by
Cammacorp with CFMI, McDonnell Douglas, and Grumman Aerospace as partners. Cammacorp was disbanded after the last aircraft
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use, either in service or for spare parts. Of the 556 DC-8s made, around 200 were still in commercial service in 2002, including about 25 50-Series, 82 of the stretched 60-Series, and 96 out of the 110 re-engined 70-Series. Most of the surviving DC-8s are now used as freighters. In May 2009, 97 DC-8s
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of the cabin for freight, leaving the rear cabin for 54 passenger seats was soon replaced by a more practical one to use a movable bulkhead and allow anywhere between 25 and 114 seats with the remainder set aside for cargo. A large cargo door was fitted into the forward fuselage, the cabin floor was
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For intercontinental routes, the three Series 30 variants combined JT4A engines with a one-third increase in fuel capacity and strengthened fuselage and landing gear. The DC-8-31 was certified in March 1960 with 16,800 lb (75.2 kN) JT4A-9 engines for 300,000-pound (136,080 kg) maximum
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Having already started on the DC-8 project, Douglas decided that the best option was to press on than abandon the project. Following consultations with the airlines, several design changes were made, such as the fuselage being widened by 15 inches (38 cm) to permit six-abreast seating, which in
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decision to retire its remaining fleet of 44. In
January 2013, an estimated 36 DC-8s were in use worldwide. As a result of aging, increasing operating costs and strict noise and emissions regulations, the number of active DC-8s continues to decline, with the youngest airframes passed a half-century
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expressed concern about the noise to be expected from the then still-unbuilt DC-8-61, and operators had to agree to operate it from New York at lower weights to reduce noise. By the early 1970s, legislation for aircraft noise standards was being introduced in many countries, and the 60 Series DC-8s
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in case the public thought they were dissatisfied with the DC-8. Pan Am never reordered the DC-8 and
Douglas gradually lost market share to Boeing. In 1962, DC-8 sales dropped to just 26 aircraft that year, followed by 21 in 1963 and 14 in 1964; many of these later deliveries were of the Jet Trader
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turbofan was due in early 1961. The DC-8-41 and DC-8-42 had weights of 300,000 and 310,000 pounds (140,000 and 140,000 kg) respectively, the 315,000-pound (142,880 kg) DC-8-43 had the 1.5° flap setting of the -33 and introduced a 4% leading-edge wing extension to reduce drag and increase
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at Mach 1.012 (660 mph/1,062 km/h) while in a controlled dive through 41,000 feet (12,497 m) and maintained that speed for 16 seconds. The flight was to collect data on a new leading edge design for the wing, and, while doing so, the DC-8 became the first civilian jet – and the
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range offered several fuselage lengths and two wingspans: the original 144-foot (44 m) 707-120, a 135-foot (41 m) version that sacrificed space to gain longer range, and the stretched 707-320, which at 153 feet (47 m) overall had 10 feet (3.0 m) more cabin space than the DC-8.
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While
Douglas remained lukewarm about the jet airliner project, it believed that the USAF tanker contract would go to two companies for two different aircraft, as several USAF transport contracts in the past had done. In May 1954, the USAF circulated its requirement for 800 jet tankers to Boeing,
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On
September 18, 1959, the DC-8 entered service with Delta Air Lines and United Airlines. According to the Delta Air Lines website, the air carrier was the first to operate the DC-8 in scheduled passenger service. By March 1960, Douglas had reached its planned production rate of eight DC-8s per
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failure of the pressure cabin. Various aircraft manufacturers benefited from the findings and experiences gained from the investigation into Comet losses; specifically, Douglas paid significant attention to detail in the design of the DC-8's pressurized cabin. By 1952, Douglas had continued its
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Later that year, an enlarged version of the Comet finally returned to service, but had arrived too late to secure a substantial portion of the market: de
Havilland secured just 25 orders. In August, Boeing had begun delivering 707s to Pan Am. Douglas made a massive effort to close the gap with
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During mid-1952, Douglas opted to covertly begin work on definition studies for a jet-powered transport aircraft. The company's design team examined various arrangements, including some that closely resembled the Comet. By mid-1953, the team had settled on a form similar to the final DC-8; an
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success as a commercial aircraft manufacturer, having received almost 300 orders for its piston-engine DC-6 and its successor, the DC-7, which had yet to fly. The Comet disasters, and the airlines' subsequent lack of interest in jets, seemed to validate the company's decision to remain with
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engine to both DC-8s and 707s. MDC remained reluctant but eventually came on board in the late 1970s and helped develop the Series 70. The Super
Seventies proved to be a great success, being roughly 70% quieter than the 60 Series and, at the time of their introduction, the world's quietest
865:-6 turbojets with water injection. First Series 10 DC-8 flew on 30 May 1958. The initial DC-8-11 model had the original wingtips used on the prototype, and all remaining DC-8 Series 10 aircraft were upgraded to DC-8-12 standard. The DC-8-12 featured the new low-drag wingtips and
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The improved Series 60 was announced in April 1965. The DC-8-61 was stretched by 36 ft (11 m) for 180–220 seats in mixed-class and a MTOW of 325,000 lb (147 t). It first flew on March 14, 1966, was certified on
September 2, 1966, and entered service with
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engines for better efficiency, less noise and less smoke. The Conway was an improvement over the turbojets that preceded it, but the Series 40 sold poorly because of the traditional reluctance of U.S. airlines to buy a foreign product and because the still-more-advanced
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During the early 1960s, Douglas began considering stretching the DC-8, a feat that was eased by its fuselage keeping the same dimensions across its length. In April 1965, the company announced belated fuselage stretches for the DC-8 with three new models known as the
1235:. Maximum takeoff weights remained the same, but there was a slight reduction in payload because of the heavier engines. Modifications to create the -71 was more involved because the -61 did not have the improved wings and relocated engines of the -62 and -63.
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prototype had just flown for the first time, and the Boeing 707 was not expected to be available until late 1958. The major airlines were reluctant to commit themselves to the huge financial and technical challenges of jet aircraft; however, none could afford
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placed simultaneous orders with Boeing for 20 707s and Douglas for 25 DC-8s. To buy one expensive and untried jet-powered aircraft type was brave: to buy both was, at the time, unheard of. In the closing months of 1955, other airlines rushed to follow suit:
911:-3 turbojets (without water injection) allowed a weight increase to 276,000 pounds (125,190 kg). 33 DC-8-20s were built plus 16 converted DC-8-10s. This model was originally named "DC-8B" but was renamed when the Series 30 was introduced.
2272:“Damage Tolerance in Pressurized Fuselage”, 11th Plantema Memorial Lecture, 14th Symposium of the International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue (ICAF), New Materials and Fatigue Resistant Aircraft Design, Ottawa, Canada, June 8–12, 1987.
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retired N817NA, a DC-8-72 flying laboratory that has supported research in meteorology, oceanography, geography, and various other scientific disciplines since 1986. NASA is to replace the DC-8 with a more capable and fuel-efficient
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All of the earlier jetliners were relatively noisy by modern standards. Increasing traffic densities and changing public attitudes led to complaints about aircraft noise and moves to introduce restrictions. As early as 1966 the
377:
De Havilland's pioneering Comet entered airline service in May 1952. Initially, it appeared to be a success, but the Comet was grounded in 1954 after two fatal accidents which were subsequently attributed to rapid
286:(9,600 km; 6,000 mi) with a larger wing for a MTOW up to 350,000 lb (159 t). The DC-8-63 had the long fuselage and the enlarged wing, freighters MTOW reached 355,000 lb (161 t).
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was reportedly shocked by the rapidity of the decision which, he claimed, had been made before the competing companies even had time to complete their bids. He protested to Washington, but without success.
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in February 1967. It typically carried 180–220 passengers in mixed-class configuration, or 259 in high-density configuration. A cargo door equipped DC-8-61CF was also available. 78 -61s and 10 -61CFs were
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was seen as highly beneficial for maintenance purposes as well as to increase wing volume for accommodating fuel. The fuselage featured a double-bubble cross-section that produced relatively low
733:
Douglas' refusal to offer different fuselage sizes made it less adaptable and compelled airlines such as Delta and United to look elsewhere for short to medium range types. Delta ordered
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were added to improve low-speed lift; the prototype was 25 kn (46 km/h) short of its promised cruising speed and a new, slightly larger wingtip had to be developed to reduce
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versions, and reached a MTOW of 325,000 lb (147 t). A stretched DC-8 variant was not initially considered, leading some airlines to order the competing Boeing 707 instead.
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The DC-8-71, DC-8-72, and DC-8-73 were straightforward conversions of the -61, -62 and -63 primarily involving the replacement of the JT3D engines with the more fuel-efficient
799:
In the early 1970s, several airlines approached McDonnell Douglas with requests for noise reduction modifications to their DC-8s. While third parties had developed aftermarket
628:, which had been the birthplace of the DC-3 and home to a Douglas plant that employed 44,000 workers during World War II. To accommodate the new jet, Douglas asked the city of
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was in service and proving popular with passengers and airlines: it was faster, quieter, and more comfortable than piston-engined types. Another British rival was the 90-seat
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month. Despite a large number of DC-8 early models being available, all used the same basic airframe, differing only in engines, weights and details; in contrast, the rival
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to lengthen the airport's 5,000-foot (1,500-meter) runway. Following complaints by neighboring residents, the city refused, so Douglas moved its airliner production line to
1031:: Douglas approved the development of freighter versions of the DC-8 in May 1961, based on the Series 50. An original plan to fit a fixed bulkhead separating the forward
482:. At the time, Boeing was only two months away from having its prototype in the air. Just four months after issuing the tanker requirement, the USAF ordered the first 29
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688:. The aircraft, crewed by Captain William Magruder, First Officer Paul Patten, Flight Engineer Joseph Tomich and Flight Test Engineer Richard Edwards, took off from
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while providing for a relatively spacious passenger cabin along with a large cargo deck that was sufficiently tall as to permit ground crews to stand up within it.
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factory on 9 April 1958 and flew for the first time, in Series 10 form, on 30 May for two hours and seven minutes with the crew being led by A.G. Heimerdinger.
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803:, there was initially no meaningful action taken by Douglas to fulfil these requests and effectively enable the DC-8 to remain in service. Finally, in 1975,
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426:, Boeing failed to generate any interest from airlines, yet remained confident that the project was worthwhile and pressed ahead with a prototype, the
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arrived in 1970. The DC-8-62 featured a shorter fuselage when compared with the Series 61 and 63, but was capable of nonstop long-range operations.
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in February 1967. The long-range DC-8-62 followed in April 1967, stretched by 7 ft (2.1 m), could seat up to 189 passengers over 5,200
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In the U.S, the DC-8 has been retired from commercial service entirely; only one example maintains active registration (with one flying).
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turbofan engine. It largely exited passenger service during the 1980s and 1990s, but some re-engined DC-8s remain in use as freighters.
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models had more fuel capacity, and had an MTOW of up to 315,000 lb (143 t); it was powered by JT4As for the Series 30, and by
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and 19,000 lb (85.1 kN) JT3D-7 engines. This allowed a maximum takeoff weight of 350,000 pounds (158,760 kg). Like the
652:(FAA) certification for the first of the many DC-8 variants in August 1959. Several modifications proved to be necessary: the original
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Douglas' previous thinking about the airliner market seemed to be coming true; the transition to turbine power looked likely to be to
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which incorporated the strengthened floor of the freighters but lacked the main deck cargo door. Production included 41 DC-8-63s, 53
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1158:: The "Super DC-8" Series 63 was the final new-build variant and entered service in June 1968. It had the long fuselage of the
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bypass duct. The changes all improved the aircraft's aerodynamic efficiency. The DC-8 Series 62 is slightly heavier than the
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engines, 30° wing sweep, and an internal cabin diameter of 11 feet (3.35 m) to allow five-abreast seating. The use of
1231:, which produced 22,000 lbf (98.5 kN) of thrust. The conversions also includes new nacelles and pylons built by
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246:, low-wing jet aircraft was initially produced in four 151 ft (46 m) long variants. The DC-8-10 was powered by
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while United chose the newly developed short-fuselage 707-020. United prevailed on Boeing to rename the new variant the
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in May 1954, Douglas announced in June 1955 its derived jetliner project marketed to civil operators. In October 1955,
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1334:, Tokyo. The first jet airliner used by the airline, it was retired from service in 1974 for use as a cockpit trainer.
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had a range with full payload of about 5,200 nautical miles (9,600 km; 6,000 mi); roughly the same as the
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An early DC-8-10 in Douglas livery, 1959. The DC-8 first flew on May 30, 1958, and was certificated in August 1959.
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430:("Dash-80"). After spending $ 16 million of its own money to build it, the Dash-80 rolled out on May 15, 1954.
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for 35 and other orders flowing in. Meanwhile, the Comet remained grounded, the French 90-passenger twin jet
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manufactured for commercial use, just 80 remained in service – though many of those 707s were converted for
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3307:"ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-8-61 C-GMXQ Jeddah-King Abdulaziz International Airport (JED)"
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The definitive short-fuselage DC-8 came with the same engine that powered the vast majority of 707s, the
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1178:. The freighters had a further increase in Maximum Take Off Weight to 355,000 pounds (161,030 kg).
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The Series 30 DC-8 first flew on 21 February 1959 and received FAA certification on 1 February 1960.
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The first Series 20 DC-8 flew on 29 November 1958 and received FAA certification on 19 January 1960.
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604:, and TWA added over 50 to the 707 order book, while Douglas sold 22 DC-8s to Delta, Swissair, TAI,
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The extended-range 157 ft 5 in (47.98 m) long DC-8-62 followed suit in April 1967.
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1424:, ex-Japan Airlines. The aircraft was placed on display after being involved in an accident as
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The Series 40 DC-8 first flew on 23 July 1959 and received FAA certification on 24 March 1960.
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turbojets. All -10 series aircraft that survived long enough were converted to other standards.
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1264:(a faith-based humanitarian relief organization) has operated a DC-8-72 Combi (acquired from
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Not assigned • Assigned to multiple types • Unconfirmed
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The Series 50 first flew on 20 December 1960 and received FAA certification on 1 May 1961.
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608:, and UAT. By the start of 1958, Douglas had sold 133 DC-8s compared to Boeing's 150 707s.
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At the end of World War II, Douglas was a dominant North American aircraft producer in the
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As of January 2024, two DC-8s are in commercial service with Congolese cargo airline
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first jet airliner – to make a supersonic flight. The aircraft was DC-8-43 registered as
387:-driven aircraft, but its inaction enabled rival manufacturers to take the lead instead.
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began discussions with major airlines to fit the new and vastly-quieter Franco-American
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model rather than the more-prestigious passenger versions. In 1967, Douglas merged with
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Announced in April 1965, the DC-8 Super 61 was stretched by 36.7 ft (11.2 m).
743:
633:
471:
390:
As early as 1949, rival company Boeing had started design work on a pure jet airliner.
371:
290:
263:
228:
846:
289:
The DC-8 was produced until 1972 with 556 aircraft built; it was superseded by larger
7042:
6968:
6727:
6465:
6398:
5910:
5858:
5729:
5687:
5657:
5057:
4832:
4800:
4795:
4748:
4738:
4188:
3945:
3854:
3839:
3824:
3809:
3769:
3739:
3661:
3642:
3621:
3603:
3587:
3568:
3549:
3528:
3509:
3490:
2801:
2630:
2544:
2425:
1655:
23,393 US gal (88.6 m), -10/20: 17,550 US gal (66.4 m)
1232:
1199:
1179:
873:
866:
747:
661:
581:
532:
520:
104:
3889:
3084:
6963:
6555:
6430:
6223:
6171:
6007:
5863:
5848:
5764:
3738:. Historic Commercial Aircraft Series, Vol 7. Stamford, Lincs, UK: Key Publishing.
2578:
1395:
1369:
1302:
As of October 2015, the DC-8 had been involved in 146 incidents, including 84
1277:
1120:
at 335,000 pounds (151,953 kg), and is able to seat up to 189 passengers. The
1002:
922:
804:
656:
on the lower rear fuselage were found to be ineffective and were deleted as engine
516:
415:
302:
212:
3565:
Black Box: Why Air Safety is no Accident, The Book Every Air Traveller Should Read
2635:"I Was There: When the DC-8 Went Supersonic, The day a Douglas DC-8 busted Mach 1"
2609:
1387:. It is an ex-United Airlines aircraft and is on display outside near Downtown LA.
1132:
had 350,000 pounds (158,760 kg) maximum takeoff weight and were known as the
892:
438:
410:(SAC). The company also supplied the SAC's refueling aircraft, the piston-engined
6973:
6933:
6898:
6774:
6487:
6480:
6418:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6122:
6113:
6108:
6103:
5868:
5786:
5682:
5488:
5473:
5468:
5458:
5448:
5433:
5154:
4971:
3980:
3733:
3636:
3543:
3471:
2488:
2232:
2068:
1399:
1372:
electronic warfare aircraft and has been on display since its retirement in 2001.
1346:
1094:
1074:
1056:
training platform. It was retired in October 1998 and is now in storage with the
881:
877:
850:
717:
672:
was later developed to extend the chord 4% and reduce drag at high Mach numbers.
657:
636:. In September 1956, production of the first prototype commenced. The first DC-8
585:
569:
494:
479:
422:
enabled a higher cruising speed and better range. First presented in 1950 as the
279:
236:
175:
171:
133:
123:
3601:
Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon, eds. (March 1977). "Jet Jubilee (Part 1)".
334:
airliner in 1933, and produced prodigious quantities of the rugged four-engined
6455:
6376:
5900:
5873:
5518:
5227:
5206:
4788:
2132:
2122:
2052:
1545:
outside width: 147 in (373.4 cm), inside width: 138.25 in (351.2 cm)
1331:
791:
From the late 1970s, the Super 70s were re-engined with larger, more efficient
305:
offered the Series 70 retrofit, powered by the quieter and more fuel-efficient
298:
271:
4112:
7016:
6873:
6581:
6381:
6161:
6088:
6046:
5990:
5905:
5895:
5838:
5801:
5776:
5722:
5590:
5483:
5428:
5403:
5393:
5388:
5373:
5363:
5358:
5253:
5174:
5129:
5107:
4908:
4893:
4878:
4810:
4763:
4743:
4733:
4728:
4561:
4144:
4005:
3882:
3766:
From Props to Jets: Commercial Aviation's Transition to the Jet Age 1952–1962
3119:
2805:
2658:. Vol. 78, no. 2697. November 18, 1960. p. 803. Archived from
2573:
Shevell, R.S. (October 1985). "Aerodynamics Bugs: Can CFD Spray Them Away?".
2127:
1365:
676:
455:
427:
379:
283:
30:"DC-8" redirects here. For the earlier proposed piston-engined airplane, see
4510:
3366:
758:
6700:
6672:
6475:
6470:
6408:
6343:
6261:
5997:
5960:
5950:
5935:
5925:
5833:
5823:
5813:
5781:
5717:
5707:
5692:
5672:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5595:
5560:
5553:
5548:
5538:
5533:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5383:
5353:
5201:
5189:
5164:
5159:
5114:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5067:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
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4986:
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4934:
4898:
4888:
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4873:
4667:
4622:
4602:
4422:
4395:
4117:
4092:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4000:
3995:
3990:
2137:
961:
The DC-8-40 was essentially the -30 but with 17,500 lb (78.4 kN)
701:
669:
374:, in May 1949, Douglas initially refrained from developing a jet airliner.
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
128:
3875:"Douglas DC-8-10/20/30/40/50 Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications"
270:
powered the later DC-8-50 and Super 60 (DC-8-61, -62, and -63) as well as
227:, and many other airlines soon followed. The first DC-8 was rolled out in
6978:
6779:
6769:
6614:
6593:
6560:
6450:
5915:
5759:
5443:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5378:
5368:
5348:
5248:
5243:
4966:
4929:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4842:
4815:
4783:
4662:
4556:
2977:
1414:
734:
301:
concerns stimulated demand for a quieter variant; from 1975, Douglas and
6845:
2582:
1073:
The 187 ft 4 in (57.10 m) long DC-8-61 was introduced by
402:
strategic bombers. While producing and supporting these bombers for the
6953:
6903:
6764:
6752:
6435:
6393:
6388:
6368:
6233:
6063:
5843:
5739:
4657:
4413:
4061:
3985:
3728:. Long Beach, CA: McDonnell Douglas Corp. Sales Engineering Div., 1982.
3721:. Long Beach, CA: McDonnell Douglas Corp. Sales Engineering Div., 1968.
2107:
1870:
1342:
820:
816:
772:
738:
726:
693:
648:
Boeing, using no fewer than ten aircraft for flight testing to achieve
553:
419:
331:
224:
3714:. Coral Springs, FL: Lundkvist Aviation Research, 1983. OCLC 62220710.
1865:
6742:
6732:
5806:
5796:
5734:
5677:
2791:
2497:, Vol. 176, No. 6, February 24, 2014, p. 18. (Registration required).
896:
597:
512:
3806:
Early American Jetliners: Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8 and Convair CV880
6789:
3853:. Fyshwick, Australia, ACT: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 1998.
3838:. Fyshwick, Australia, ACT: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 1999.
2055:(right, with distinctive anti-shock bodies on wings' trailing edge)
1436:
966:
800:
527:, had committed to the short to medium range 80–100-seat turboprop
451:
231:
on April 9, 1958, and flew for the first time on May 30. Following
406:(USAF), Boeing had developed a close relationship with the USAF's
235:(FAA) certification in August 1959, the DC-8 entered service with
2855:"Final UPS DC-8 flight lands at Louisville International Airport"
1310:
with 2 fatalities. The deadliest incident involving the DC-8 was
1162:, the aerodynamic refinements and increased fuel capacity of the
1011:
467:
3700:. Long Beach, CA: Douglas Aircraft Company, 1959. OCLC 10621428.
6784:
5853:
1410:
1306:, with 2,255 fatalities. The DC-8 has also been involved in 46
784:
were particularly at risk of being banned from major airports.
601:
565:
327:
3031:. Vol. 91, no. 3022. February 9, 1967. p. 192.
1048:: A single former United Airlines DC-8-54 (F) was used by the
2792:
Kingsley-Jones, Max and Doyle, Andrew (December 4–10, 1996).
1696:
1326:
The forward section of a DC-8-32 operated by Japan Airlines,
1216:
792:
306:
1170:, the Series 63 was also available as a cargo door equipped
342:. Douglas produced a succession of piston-engined aircraft (
3940:
1440:
1322:
The following museums have DC-8s on display or in storage:
1272:
861:
For domestic use, powered by 13,500 lb (60.5 kN)
593:
58:
2182:-10/20/30/40/50: max PL, -43/55/Super 60/Super 70: max pax
1707:
Mach 0.82 (483 kn; 895 km/h; 556 mph)
1298:
List of accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-8
1136:. Also available were the cargo door-equipped convertible
215:. After losing the USAF's tanker competition to the rival
3895:
McDonnell Douglas commercial history page for DC-8 series
577:
523:, and Douglas's main rival in the large airliner market,
258:
turbojets, for a 276,000 lb (125 t) MTOW. The
394:
had experience with large long-range jets, such as the
3890:
Boeing: Historical Snapshot: DC-8 Commercial Transport
1854:-71/73: 2,900 nmi (5,400 km; 3,300 mi)
624:
Donald Douglas proposed to build and test the DC-8 at
3656:
Whittle, John A.; Nash, H.J.; Sievers, Harry (1972).
1852:-61/63: 2,300 nmi (4,300 km; 2,600 mi)
1314:
which crashed on July 11, 1991, with 261 fatalities.
1128:, but with 40 extra passengers. Many late production
2058:
2051:
A DC-8 (left, engine cowlings open) and a competing
1726:-50: 5,855 nmi (10,843 km; 6,738 mi)
907:
Higher-powered 15,800 lb (70.8 kN) thrust
2102:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
1859:-72: 3,900 nmi (7,200 km; 4,500 mi)
1849:-55: 3,000 nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi)
1743:-72: 5,300 nmi (9,800 km; 6,100 mi)
1741:-62: 5,200 nmi (9,600 km; 6,000 mi)
1738:-73: 4,500 nmi (8,300 km; 5,200 mi)
1736:-63: 4,000 nmi (7,400 km; 4,600 mi)
1733:-71: 3,500 nmi (6,500 km; 4,000 mi)
1731:-61: 3,200 nmi (5,900 km; 3,700 mi)
1728:-55: 4,700 nmi (8,700 km; 5,400 mi)
1722:-40: 5,310 nmi (9,830 km; 6,110 mi)
1719:-30: 4,005 nmi (7,417 km; 4,609 mi)
1715:-10: 3,760 nmi (6,960 km; 4,330 mi)
1349:aircraft formerly used as a flying eye hospital by
3655:
2755:
2753:
2575:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
2532:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2349:
2347:
1857:-62: 3,200 nmi (5,900 km; 3,700 mi)
1724:-43: 4,200 nmi (7,800 km; 4,800 mi)
1717:-20: 4,050 nmi (7,500 km; 4,660 mi)
1453:DC-8-10/20/30/40/50, DC-8-43/55/61/62/63/71/72/73
1058:309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group
250:turbojets, and had a 273,000 lb (124 t)
57:of California in 1998. This aircraft, operated by
3693:. Long Beach, CA: Douglas Aircraft Company, 1972.
2762:
2589:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2500:
2458:
2456:
2389:
2335:
2289:
2287:
547:There the matter rested until October 1955, when
515:rather than turbojets. The pioneering 40–60-seat
7014:
3600:
2412:
2254:, July 1952, pp. 90–94. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
1219:turbofans, the Super 70s were certified in 1982.
3435:"Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning"
2787:
2785:
2783:
2750:
2741:
2666:
2644:
2557:
2398:
2344:
2296:
203:jetliner designed and produced by the American
3176:"Fact Sheet: DC-8 Airborne Science Laboratory"
2838:
2509:
2453:
2310:
2308:
2284:
223:made the first order along with the competing
6831:
6658:
5311:
4540:
4526:
4169:
3926:
3879:The International Directory of Civil Aircraft
3522:
3478:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
3282:. Aviation Safety Network. October 11, 2015.
3256:. Aviation Safety Network. October 11, 2015.
3230:. Aviation Safety Network. October 11, 2015.
3204:. Aviation Safety Network. October 11, 2015.
3000:
2226:"On This Day: Comet inaugurates the jet age."
366:) through the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. While
3634:
2830:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2800:. Vol. 150, no. 4552. p. 57.
2780:
2606:"Douglas Passenger Jet Breaks Sound Barrier"
2444:
2241:
1202:was a major early customer for the DC-8-63F.
115:In limited service as non-passenger aircraft
3851:Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8, and Vickers VC-10
3764:Proctor, Jon, Machat, Mike, Kodeta, Craig.
3707:. New York: Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, 1960.
3545:The World's Most Powerful Civilian Aircraft
3064:. Vol. 92, no. 3063. p. 852.
2934:Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1963-1964 -
2373:. American Heritage Society. Archived from
2305:
1402:since 2013, ex-Air Transport International.
447:80-seat, low-wing aircraft powered by four
6838:
6824:
6665:
6651:
5318:
5304:
4533:
4519:
4176:
4162:
3933:
3919:
3872:
3823:. Miami, FL: World Transport Press, 1996.
3581:
3389:
3367:"Douglas DC-8-62CF Construction No. 45922"
2944:
2942:
2608:. DC8.org. August 21, 1961. Archived from
2530:
1291:
1257:. These are DC-8-62s (9S-AJG and 9S-AJO).
592:(SAS) chose the DC-8. In 1956, Air India,
338:and sophisticated, pressurized long-range
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2719:"McDonnell and Douglas take a giant step"
2710:
2326:
2216:Green and Swanborough April 1977, p. 174.
876:on 31 August 1958, entering service with
781:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
611:
370:flew the world's first jet airliner, the
3469:
3085:"ch-aviation - Aircraft and Fleet Lists"
3053:
2435:
2210:
2173:turbofans except JT3C and JT4A turbojets
2046:
1864:
1774:-55: 9,020 cu ft (255 m)
1210:
1080:
1068:
1001:
985:
944:
921:
891:
845:
786:
757:
711:
615:
493:
437:
211:'s (USAF) requirement for a jet-powered
4191:aircraft production timeline, 1950-2006
3618:Wide Body: The Making of the Boeing 747
3503:
3415:from the original on September 11, 2019
3408:. November 23, 1961. pp. 799–836.
3347:from the original on September 23, 2016
3074:Whittle, Nash, and Sievers 1972, p. 11.
2939:
2885:
2812:from the original on September 27, 2016
2771:
2701:
2572:
2465:
1869:The DC-8 is a low-wing jetliner with a
1772:-50: 9,310 cu ft (264 m)
753:
14:
7015:
4123:MD-91X / -92X / -94X
3779:
3615:
3473:Progress in Aircraft Design Since 1903
3447:from the original on February 25, 2021
3286:from the original on November 25, 2011
3260:from the original on November 25, 2011
3208:from the original on November 25, 2011
3035:from the original on February 22, 2014
3006:
2988:from the original on November 30, 2019
2951:
2716:
1777:12,171 cu ft (344.6 m)
1658:24,275 US gal (91.9 m)
1317:
1144:. Production included 51 DC-8-62s, 10
544:to buy jets if their competitors did.
6819:
6646:
5299:
4514:
4157:
3914:
3768:. North Branch, MN: Specialty Press.
3705:Big Eight: A Biography of an Airplane
3684:The Douglas DC-8: A Pictorial History
3562:
3377:from the original on October 15, 2016
3182:from the original on January 15, 2020
3156:from the original on January 24, 2023
3144:
3142:
3056:"Commercial Aircraft Survey: DC-8-61"
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2539:. Putnam & Company Ltd. pp.
2535:McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920
2207:Dick and Patterson 2010, pp. 134–137.
1783:9,737 cu ft (275.7 m)
1628:-40/50: 124,800 lb (56.6 t)
1577:-72F: 335,000 lb (152.0 t)
1422:Shanghai Aerospace Enthusiasts Center
903:turbojets, like the heavier Series 30
707:
696:and was accompanied to altitude by a
675:On August 21, 1961, a DC-8 broke the
433:
330:, releasing the innovative all-metal
3660:. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain.
3541:
3484:
3427:
3054:Harrison, Neil (November 23, 1967).
2898:from the original on August 11, 2014
2888:"DC-8 Operations in US Winding Down"
2689:from the original on August 14, 2016
2624:
2238:2 May 1952. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
1780:12,830 cu ft (363 m)
1564:-55: 325,000 lb (147.4 t)
1512:1,615 cu ft (45.7 m)
1413:. It was operated as a freighter by
1407:Kenneth Kaunda International Airport
1390:45922 – DC-8-62CF on display at the
242:Permitting six-abreast seating, the
3780:Thomas, Geoffrey (April 25, 2023).
3731:
3489:. Society of Automotive Engineers.
2886:Bostick, Brian (January 10, 2013).
2717:Wright, Robert (January 26, 1967).
2362:
1837:-72: 140,200 lb (63.6 t)
1832:-73: 149,200 lb (67.7 t)
1827:-71: 152,700 lb (69.3 t)
1822:-55: 131,230 lb (59.5 t)
1805:-73: 111,800 lb (50.7 t)
1647:-72: 153,200 lb (69.5 t)
1642:-73: 166,200 lb (75.4 t)
1637:-71: 163,700 lb (74.3 t)
1632:-55: 138,266 lb (62.7 t)
1625:-30: 126,330 lb (57.3 t)
1569:-F: 328,000 lb (148.8 t)
1559:30: 315,000 lb (142.9 t)
1557:-20: 276,000 lb (125.2 t)
1555:-10: 273,000 lb (123.8 t)
700:supersonic chase aircraft flown by
24:
4113:188 / 188E / 210
3675:
3635:Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999).
3525:50 Aircraft That Changed the World
3523:Dick, Ron; Patterson, Dan (2010).
3397:"Commercial Aircraft of the World"
3317:from the original on July 14, 2023
3304:
3254:"Douglas DC-8 Accident Statistics"
3234:from the original on March 2, 2021
3139:
3127:from the original on March 8, 2021
2910:
2768:Norris and Wagner 1999, pp. 17-18.
2652:"Commercial aircraft of the world"
2595:Norris and Wagner 1999, pp. 14-16.
2506:Norris and Wagner 1999, pp. 13-14.
2494:Aviation Week and Space Technology
2395:Norris and Wagner 1999, pp. 12-13.
2341:Norris and Wagner 1999, pp. 10-12.
2257:
2219:
1835:-62: 138,560 lb (62.8 t)
1830:-63: 141,330 lb (64.1 t)
1825:-61: 145,506 lb (66.0 t)
1820:-50: 130,207 lb (59.1 t)
1810:-72: 90,800 lb (41.2 t)
1803:-63: 119,670 lb (54.3 t)
1800:-71: 81,300 lb (36.9 t)
1795:-55: 92,770 lb (42.1 t)
1645:-62: 143,255 lb (65.0 t)
1640:-63: 158,738 lb (72.0 t)
1635:-61: 152,101 lb (69.0 t)
1630:-43: 136,509 lb (61.9 t)
1623:-20: 123,876 lb (56.2 t)
1621:-10: 119,797 lb (54.3 t)
1611:-72: 41,800 lb (19.0 t)
1606:-73: 64,800 lb (29.4 t)
1601:-71: 60,300 lb (27.4 t)
1596:-43: 41,691 lb (18.9 t)
1591:-30: 51,870 lb (23.5 t)
1589:-20: 43,624 lb (19.8 t)
1587:-10: 46,103 lb (20.9 t)
1420:46160 – DC-8-61 on display at the
1375:45850 – DC-8-52 on display at the
1356:45570 – DC-8-33 on display at the
1337:45280 – DC-8-21 on display at the
1206:
1064:
25:
7064:
5330:designations, Army/Air Force and
3866:
3782:"History of the magnificent DC-8"
3686:. Dallas: G.W. Cearley Jr., 1992.
3095:from the original on May 21, 2023
2867:from the original on May 18, 2009
2729:from the original on June 5, 2011
2419:"Vicker's ÂŁ163 million turnover".
2302:Norris and Wagner 1999, pp. 9-10.
1808:-62: 91,440 lb (41.5 t)
1798:-61: 88,494 lb (40.1 t)
1793:-50: 88,022 lb (39.9 t)
1609:-62: 51,745 lb (23.5 t)
1604:-63: 71,262 lb (32.3 t)
1599:-61: 71,899 lb (32.6 t)
1509:2,500 cu ft (71 m)
1506:1,390 cu ft (39 m)
1447:
266:turbofans for the Series 40. The
207:. Work began in 1952 towards the
3792:from the original on May 9, 2023
3752:from the original on May 9, 2023
3178:. NASA Armstrong. July 9, 2015.
2249:"I Rode The First Jet Airliner."
2075:
2061:
1405:46022 – DC-8-62AF on display at
254:; the DC-8-20 had more powerful
47:
6849:transport aircraft designations
6676:transport aircraft designations
3808:. Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing.
3698:Douglas DC-8 Maintenance Manual
3463:
3359:
3329:
3298:
3272:
3246:
3220:
3194:
3168:
3107:
3077:
3068:
3047:
3015:
3009:Jane's All the World's Aircraft
2879:
2847:
2675:
2598:
2566:
2474:
2356:
2317:
2176:
2167:
1572:355,000 lb (161.0 t)
650:Federal Aviation Administration
506:
498:Six-abreast economy cabin, 1973
418:to the Comet, but the use of a
233:Federal Aviation Administration
3371:Naval Air Museum Barbers Point
2978:"Douglas DC-8 production list"
2759:Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 17.
2747:Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 36.
2672:Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 16.
2563:Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 14.
2409:Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 13.
2353:Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 12.
2293:Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 10.
2275:
2266:
2201:
1575:350,000 lb (158.8 t)
1567:325,000 lb (147.4 t)
1562:315,000 lb (142.9 t)
1431:46082 - DC-8-72 on display at
1392:Naval Air Museum Barbers Point
1249:List of Douglas DC-8 operators
716:The DC-8 entered service with
326:market, only being rivaled by
312:
32:Douglas DC-8 (piston airliner)
13:
1:
7038:1950s United States airliners
3341:Musée de l’Air et de l’Espace
3337:"Douglas DC-8 SARIGuE F-RAFE"
2844:Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 4.
2462:Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 9.
2450:Francillon 1982, pp. 396–397.
2189:
1877:
1693:-3B, Super 63: P&W JT3D-7
660:had become available; unique
558:Braniff International Airways
317:
7053:Aircraft first flown in 1958
3584:Lockheed Aircraft since 1913
2860:Business First of Louisville
2531:Francillon, Rene J. (1979).
2194:
1594:52,000 lb (23.6 t)
1537:157.5 ft (48.0 m)
1534:187.4 ft (57.1 m)
1531:150.7 ft (45.9 m)
1523:148.4 ft (45.2 m)
1520:142.4 ft (43.4 m)
1242:
981:
940:
917:
887:
841:
590:Scandinavian Airlines System
7:
6575:Non-sequential designations
5328:military transport aircraft
3582:Francillon, René J (1982).
3470:Anderton, David A. (1976).
2639:Air & Space/Smithsonian
2231:September 13, 2010, at the
2042:
1312:Nigeria Airways Flight 2120
1266:Air Transport International
836:
668:. Also, a recontoured wing
531:, with a launch order from
10:
7069:
7033:McDonnell Douglas aircraft
4495:
4489:
4483:
4474:
4469:
4465:
4452:
4445:
4432:
4428:
4403:
4133:High Speed Civil Transport
3480:, Langley Research Center.
2370:Invention & Technology
1433:Pocatello Regional Airport
1426:Japan Air Lines Flight 792
1295:
1286:Pocatello Regional Airport
1280:. The DC-8 was donated to
1246:
828:were in service following
686:Canadian Pacific Air Lines
640:was rolled out of the new
549:Pan American World Airways
217:Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker
29:
6987:
6854:
6681:
6633:
6602:
6574:
6537:Revived original sequence
6536:
6242:
5339:
5262:
5236:
5220:
5144:(Nightingale/Skytrain II)
4959:
4943:
4917:
4851:
4721:
4595:
4549:
4479:
4467:
4461:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4443:
4439:
4437:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4419:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4401:
4399:
4394:
4196:
4141:
4080:
4034:
3953:
3485:Cook, William H. (1991).
2641:, August 2011, pp. 56–57.
2543:, 588–589, 590–593, 598.
2487:October 21, 2016, at the
2365:"Gas Stations in the Sky"
2363:May, Mike (Spring 2004).
1851:
1706:
1688:
1657:
1654:
1544:
1533:
1530:
1522:
1519:
1508:
1505:
1494:
1480:
1377:California Science Center
199:) is an early long-range
181:
170:September 18, 1959, with
166:
158:
153:
145:
119:
111:
93:
85:
75:
70:
46:
41:
3682:Cearley, George Walker.
3563:Faith, Nicholas (1996).
3202:"Douglas DC-8 incidents"
3150:"NASA Retiring its DC-8"
3115:"Samaritan's Purse DC-8"
2794:"Airliners of the World"
2683:"Douglas DC-8 1959-1989"
2160:
1492:-40/43: 177, -50/55: 189
1362:Paris–Le Bourget Airport
996:Pratt & Whitney JT3D
972:Pratt & Whitney JT3D
909:Pratt & Whitney JT4A
901:Pratt & Whitney JT4A
863:Pratt & Whitney JT3C
855:Pratt & Whitney JT3C
630:Santa Monica, California
449:Pratt & Whitney JT3C
268:Pratt & Whitney JT3D
248:Pratt & Whitney JT3C
205:Douglas Aircraft Company
100:Douglas Aircraft Company
6674:Royal Thai Armed Forces
5340:Army/Air Force sequence
4471:McDonnell Douglas DC-10
4434:McDonnell Douglas MD-80
2685:. Delta Flight Museum.
2323:Cook 1991, pp. 212-213.
2247:Cookman, Aubrey O. Jr.
1385:Los Angeles, California
1339:Chinese Aviation Museum
1292:Accidents and incidents
1225:CFM International CFM56
404:United States Air Force
213:aerial refueling tanker
209:United States Air Force
139:Trans Air Cargo Service
55:Sierra Nevada Mountains
4405:McDonnell Douglas DC-9
4088:DC-7 (C-74 derivative)
3836:Airliners of the World
3616:Irving, Clive (1994).
3542:Eden, Paul E. (2016).
3527:. Boston Mills Press.
3228:"Douglas DC-8 summary"
2948:Norris and Guy 1999, .
2424:, 2(27). 23 May 1957.
2155:List of civil aircraft
2096:McDonnell Douglas DC-9
2056:
1874:
1282:Idaho State University
1220:
1086:
1078:
1014:
999:
958:
951:Trans-Canada Air Lines
930:
904:
884:on 18 September 1959.
858:
815:By 2002, of the 1,032
796:
763:
721:
720:on September 18, 1959.
690:Edwards Air Force Base
621:
612:Production and testing
537:Sud Aviation Caravelle
499:
443:
412:KC-97 Stratofreighters
197:McDonnell Douglas DC-8
61:, was re-engined with
3710:Lundkvist, Bo-Goran.
3696:Douglas Aircraft Co.
3689:Douglas Aircraft Co.
3504:Darling, Kev (2001).
2314:Anderton 1976, p. 78.
2150:List of jet airliners
2050:
1868:
1439:and formerly used by
1214:
1084:
1072:
1005:
994:DC-8-55CF powered by
989:
948:
926:A Douglas DC-8-32 of
925:
895:
849:
790:
761:
715:
684:, later delivered to
619:
556:, American Airlines,
497:
441:
408:Strategic Air Command
392:Boeing's military arm
6847:Spanish Armed Forces
6603:Related designations
6243:Tri-service sequence
5120:C-124 Globemaster II
4828:Boston I/II/III/IV/V
4128:MD-12 / -XX
4098:DC-8 piston airliner
3719:The DC-8 Super-Sixty
3548:. Rosen Publishing.
3152:. January 14, 2023.
3061:Flight International
3028:Flight International
2798:Flight International
2656:Flight International
2332:Irving 1994, p. 173.
2263:Darling 2001, p. 33.
2118:Convair 990 Coronado
2083:United States portal
1284:and is preserved at
1229:high bypass turbofan
899:DC-8-21, powered by
853:DC-8-11, powered by
754:Further developments
626:Santa Monica Airport
562:Continental Airlines
525:Lockheed Corporation
484:KC-135 Stratotankers
476:Lockheed Corporation
336:B-17 Flying Fortress
80:Narrow-body airliner
6989:Transporte Cisterna
4646:A-4SU Super Skyhawk
4145:McDonnell 119 / 220
3901:"freighter version"
3819:Waddington, Terry.
3724:McDonnell-Douglas.
3717:McDonnell-Douglas.
3703:Hubler, Richard G.
3508:. Specialty Press.
3487:The Road To The 707
3311:aviation-safety.net
3011:. pp. 231–233.
2662:on August 18, 2013.
2612:on October 26, 2006
2583:10.2514/6.1985-4067
2090:Related development
1748:Freighter versions
1454:
1351:ORBIS International
1330:, is on display at
1318:Aircraft on display
1304:hull-loss accidents
833:of age as of 2024.
400:B-52 Stratofortress
324:commercial aviation
293:including Douglas'
291:wide-body airliners
71:General information
27:Jet airliner family
4642:A-4AR Fightinghawk
4493:= Narrow-body jet
3658:The McDonnell DC-8
3641:. Zenith Imprint.
3506:De Havilland Comet
2631:Wasserzieher, Bill
2441:Eden 2016, p. 112.
2281:Faith 1996, p. 72.
2113:de Havilland Comet
2057:
1875:
1452:
1221:
1087:
1079:
1054:electronic warfare
1050:United States Navy
1015:
1008:electronic warfare
1006:The unique EC-24A
1000:
963:Rolls-Royce Conway
959:
955:Rolls-Royce Conway
931:
905:
867:leading-edge slots
859:
797:
764:
744:McDonnell Aircraft
722:
708:Entry into service
662:leading-edge slots
634:Long Beach Airport
622:
500:
472:Fairchild Aircraft
444:
434:Early design phase
340:B-29 Superfortress
264:Rolls-Royce Conway
229:Long Beach Airport
7048:Low-wing aircraft
7010:
7009:
6995:
6862:
6813:
6812:
6640:
6639:
5293:
5292:
5280:D-558-2 Skyrocket
5275:D-558-1 Skystreak
5237:Training aircraft
5170:R4D-1/-3/-5/-6/-7
5135:C-133 Cargomaster
5019:(Dakota I/III/IV)
4544:military aircraft
4508:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4487:= Piston-engined
4189:McDonnell Douglas
4151:
4150:
3946:McDonnell Douglas
3849:Wilson, Stewart.
3834:Wilson, Stewart.
3732:Mak, Ron (2023).
3726:The DC-8 Handbook
3638:Douglas Jetliners
3604:Air International
3534:978-1-55407-658-1
3280:"DC-8 Statistics"
2777:Eden 2016, p. 89.
2707:Eden 2016, p. 82.
2480:Garvey, William.
2471:Eden 2016, p. 76.
2377:on April 27, 2010
2252:Popular Mechanics
2040:
2039:
1978:
1977:
1873:and four engines.
1863:
1862:
1343:Datangshan, China
1262:Samaritan's Purse
1233:Grumman Aerospace
1200:Flying Tiger Line
1180:Eastern Air Lines
1077:in February 1967.
874:FAA certification
748:McDonnell Douglas
698:F-104 Starfighter
582:Eastern Air Lines
574:National Airlines
533:American Airlines
521:Bristol Britannia
239:on September 18.
189:
188:
167:Introduction date
105:McDonnell Douglas
53:DC-8-72 over the
16:(Redirected from
7060:
7028:Douglas aircraft
6993:
6860:
6840:
6833:
6826:
6817:
6816:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6644:
6643:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6494:
6462:
6442:
6355:
6340:
6220:
6215:
5410:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5297:
5296:
5073:C-74 Globemaster
4535:
4528:
4521:
4512:
4511:
4499:= Wide-body jet
4498:
4492:
4486:
4199:
4198:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4155:
4154:
4103:DC-9 (4-engined)
3935:
3928:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3905:
3886:
3873:Gerard Frawley.
3801:
3799:
3797:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3671:
3652:
3631:
3612:
3597:
3578:
3559:
3538:
3519:
3500:
3481:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3440:. Boeing. 1989.
3439:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3401:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3146:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2974:
2949:
2946:
2937:
2931:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2863:. May 11, 2009.
2851:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2789:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2648:
2642:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2538:
2528:
2507:
2504:
2498:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2342:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2282:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2245:
2239:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2064:
1980:
1979:
1882:
1881:
1616:Operating empty
1455:
1451:
1396:Kalaeloa Airport
1370:French Air Force
1278:Boeing 777-200ER
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1040:
1039:
1035:
805:General Electric
658:thrust reversers
517:Vickers Viscount
416:seating capacity
303:General Electric
260:intercontinental
51:
39:
38:
21:
7068:
7067:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7058:
7057:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7006:
6992:
6983:
6859:
6850:
6844:
6814:
6809:
6683:
6677:
6671:
6641:
6636:
6629:
6598:
6570:
6538:
6532:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6492:
6460:
6440:
6353:
6338:
6244:
6238:
6218:
6213:
5408:
5341:
5335:
5324:
5294:
5289:
5258:
5232:
5216:
5048:C-53 Skytrooper
4955:
4939:
4913:
4847:
4774:XB-43 Jetmaster
4769:XB-42 Mixmaster
4717:
4693:XTB2D Skypirate
4591:
4545:
4539:
4509:
4504:
4496:
4490:
4484:
4192:
4182:
4152:
4147:
4137:
4076:
4030:
3949:
3939:
3906:. Boeing. 2007.
3903:
3899:
3869:
3864:
3795:
3793:
3786:Airline Ratings
3755:
3753:
3746:
3678:
3676:Further reading
3668:
3649:
3628:
3594:
3575:
3556:
3535:
3516:
3497:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3450:
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3437:
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3378:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3305:Ranter, Harro.
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3247:
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3235:
3226:
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3200:
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3195:
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3098:
3096:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3023:"Air Transport"
3021:
3020:
3016:
3007:Taylor (1966).
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2976:
2975:
2952:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2911:
2901:
2899:
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2649:
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2599:
2594:
2590:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2529:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2489:Wayback Machine
2482:"Battled field"
2479:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2417:
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2246:
2242:
2233:Wayback Machine
2224:
2220:
2215:
2211:
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2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
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2081:
2076:
2074:
2069:Aviation portal
2067:
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1551:
1450:
1400:Kapolei, Hawaii
1381:Exposition Park
1347:United Airlines
1320:
1300:
1294:
1255:Trans Air Cargo
1251:
1245:
1239:was converted.
1209:
1207:Super 70 Series
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
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1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1095:United Airlines
1075:United Airlines
1067:
1065:Super 60 Series
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:DC-8 Jet Trader
1010:trainer of the
984:
943:
920:
890:
882:Delta Air Lines
878:United Airlines
851:United Airlines
844:
839:
756:
718:Delta Air Lines
710:
614:
586:Japan Air Lines
570:United Airlines
509:
480:Martin Marietta
436:
320:
315:
280:United Airlines
237:Delta Air Lines
176:United Airlines
172:Delta Air Lines
141:
137:
134:Delta Air Lines
132:
124:United Airlines
103:
86:National origin
66:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Douglas DC-8-61
15:
12:
11:
5:
7066:
7056:
7055:
7050:
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6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6703:
6693:
6687:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6670:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6647:
6638:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6606:
6604:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6591:
6590:
6589:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6542:
6540:
6539:(2005–present)
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6324:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6312:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6248:
6246:
6245:(1962–present)
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6191:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6039:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6017:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6000:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5345:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5326:United States
5323:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5300:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5053:C-54 Skymaster
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4947:
4945:
4944:Reconnaissance
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4779:B-66 Destroyer
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4708:A3D Skywarrior
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4688:XBTD Destroyer
4685:
4680:
4675:
4673:TBD Devastator
4670:
4665:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:AC-47 "Spooky"
4648:
4635:
4633:A-3 Skywarrior
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4587:XF6D Missileer
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4538:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4515:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4158:
4149:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3954:Piston-engined
3951:
3950:
3938:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3868:
3867:External links
3865:
3863:
3862:
3847:
3832:
3817:
3804:Vicenzi, Ugo.
3802:
3777:
3762:
3744:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3691:The DC-8 Story
3687:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3666:
3653:
3647:
3632:
3626:
3613:
3598:
3592:
3579:
3573:
3560:
3554:
3539:
3533:
3520:
3514:
3501:
3495:
3482:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3426:
3388:
3358:
3328:
3297:
3271:
3245:
3219:
3193:
3167:
3138:
3106:
3076:
3067:
3046:
3014:
2999:
2950:
2938:
2909:
2878:
2846:
2837:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2749:
2740:
2723:New York Times
2709:
2700:
2674:
2665:
2643:
2623:
2597:
2588:
2565:
2556:
2549:
2508:
2499:
2473:
2464:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2411:
2397:
2388:
2355:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2304:
2295:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2240:
2218:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2175:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2133:Tupolev Tu-114
2130:
2125:
2123:Ilyushin Il-62
2120:
2115:
2110:
2099:
2098:
2087:
2086:
2072:
2053:Convair CV-990
2044:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1861:
1860:
1855:
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1845:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1720:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1687:
1675:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1553:
1552:Weight (MTOW)
1547:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1449:
1448:Specifications
1446:
1445:
1444:
1429:
1418:
1403:
1388:
1373:
1368:. It is an ex-
1358:Musée de l'Air
1354:
1345:. It is an ex-
1335:
1332:Haneda Airport
1319:
1316:
1296:Main article:
1293:
1290:
1268:) since 2015.
1247:Main article:
1244:
1241:
1215:Refitted with
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1156:DC-8 Series 63
1153:
1102:DC-8 Series 62
1099:
1091:DC-8 Series 61
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1043:
983:
980:
942:
939:
919:
916:
889:
886:
843:
840:
838:
835:
755:
752:
709:
706:
613:
610:
568:ordered 707s;
508:
505:
488:Donald Douglas
456:podded engines
435:
432:
396:B-47 Stratojet
319:
316:
314:
311:
284:nautical miles
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
127:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
97:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
68:
67:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7065:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6990:
6986:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6857:
6853:
6848:
6841:
6836:
6834:
6829:
6827:
6822:
6821:
6818:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6680:
6675:
6668:
6663:
6661:
6656:
6654:
6649:
6648:
6645:
6632:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6601:
6595:
6592:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6573:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6535:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6241:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
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6194:
6192:
6190:
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6183:
6180:
6179:
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6160:
6156:
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6152:
6151:
6148:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5987:
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5979:
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5959:
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5949:
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5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
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5738:
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5728:
5724:
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5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
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5286:
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5273:
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5270:World Cruiser
5268:
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5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5235:
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5101:
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5088:XC-112/YC-112
5086:
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5076:
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5044:
5041:
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5036:
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5021:
5018:
5017:C-47 Skytrain
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
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4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4703:XA2D Skyshark
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4678:SBD Dauntless
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4628:A-1 Skyraider
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:Ground attack
4594:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:F5D Skylancer
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4572:F3D Skyknight
4570:
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3883:Airliners.net
3880:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3860:
3859:1-875671-36-6
3856:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3844:1-875671-44-7
3841:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3829:0-9626730-5-6
3826:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3814:0-7603-0788-1
3811:
3807:
3803:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3775:
3774:1-58007-146-5
3771:
3767:
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3745:9781802824322
3741:
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3667:0-85130-024-3
3663:
3659:
3654:
3650:
3648:9781610607162
3644:
3640:
3639:
3633:
3629:
3627:0-340-59983-9
3623:
3619:
3614:
3611:(2): 124–131.
3610:
3606:
3605:
3599:
3595:
3593:0-370-30329-6
3589:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3574:0-7522-2118-3
3570:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3555:9781499465891
3551:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3536:
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3526:
3521:
3517:
3515:1-58007-036-1
3511:
3507:
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3498:
3496:0-9629605-0-0
3492:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3451:September 25,
3443:
3436:
3430:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3398:
3392:
3381:September 15,
3376:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3351:September 15,
3346:
3343:(in French).
3342:
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3332:
3316:
3312:
3308:
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3120:Airliners.net
3116:
3110:
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2892:Aviation Week
2889:
2882:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2841:
2833:
2827:
2826:cite magazine
2816:September 25,
2811:
2807:
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2799:
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2786:
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2774:
2765:
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2704:
2693:September 25,
2688:
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2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2611:
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2592:
2584:
2580:
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2569:
2560:
2552:
2550:0-370-00050-1
2546:
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2438:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2422:New Scientist
2420:
2415:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2392:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2350:
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2290:
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2278:
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2250:
2244:
2237:
2234:
2230:
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2222:
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2204:
2200:
2179:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2144:Related lists
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2128:Shanghai Y-10
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2073:
2070:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
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1937:
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1911:
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1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1704:Cruise speed
1703:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:Super 61/62:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1663:Engines (4x)
1662:
1661:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1618:weight (OEW)
1615:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1550:Max. Takeoff
1549:
1548:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1478:Cockpit crew
1477:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:Paris, France
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1323:
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1305:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
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1258:
1256:
1250:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1213:
1201:
1181:
1174:or all cargo
1157:
1154:
1140:or all cargo
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1013:
1009:
1004:
997:
993:
988:
979:
976:
973:
968:
964:
956:
953:, powered by
952:
947:
938:
935:
929:
924:
915:
912:
910:
902:
898:
894:
885:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
856:
852:
848:
834:
831:
826:
822:
818:
813:
810:
806:
802:
794:
789:
785:
782:
776:
774:
770:
769:Super Sixties
760:
751:
749:
745:
740:
736:
731:
728:
719:
714:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
677:sound barrier
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
618:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
545:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
504:
496:
492:
489:
486:from Boeing.
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
463:
461:
457:
453:
450:
440:
431:
429:
428:Boeing 367-80
425:
424:Model 473-60C
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
381:
380:metal fatigue
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
310:
308:
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198:
194:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:(historical)
135:
131:(historical)
130:
125:
122:
120:Primary users
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
98:
96:
92:
89:United States
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
69:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7023:Douglas DC-8
6988:
6943:
6855:
6747:
6403:
5285:X-3 Stiletto
5263:Experimental
5147:
4789:Model 1211-J
4759:B-26 Invader
4698:AD Skyraider
4618:A-26 Invader
4447:Douglas DC-8
4446:
4414:MD-95 / B717
4396:Douglas DC-6
4041:
3881:– via
3878:
3850:
3835:
3821:Douglas DC-8
3820:
3805:
3794:. Retrieved
3785:
3765:
3754:. Retrieved
3735:Douglas DC-8
3734:
3725:
3718:
3712:Douglas DC-8
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3657:
3637:
3617:
3608:
3602:
3583:
3564:
3544:
3524:
3505:
3486:
3472:
3464:Bibliography
3449:. Retrieved
3429:
3419:February 24,
3417:. Retrieved
3403:
3391:
3379:. Retrieved
3370:
3361:
3349:. Retrieved
3340:
3331:
3321:September 5,
3319:. Retrieved
3310:
3300:
3288:. Retrieved
3274:
3262:. Retrieved
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3196:
3186:November 11,
3184:. Retrieved
3170:
3158:. Retrieved
3131:November 11,
3129:. Retrieved
3118:
3109:
3097:. Retrieved
3088:
3079:
3070:
3059:
3049:
3037:. Retrieved
3026:
3017:
3008:
3002:
2992:November 10,
2990:. Retrieved
2981:
2933:
2900:. Retrieved
2891:
2881:
2869:. Retrieved
2858:
2849:
2840:
2814:. Retrieved
2797:
2773:
2764:
2743:
2731:. Retrieved
2722:
2712:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2677:
2668:
2660:the original
2655:
2646:
2626:
2614:. Retrieved
2610:the original
2600:
2591:
2574:
2568:
2559:
2534:
2502:
2492:
2476:
2467:
2446:
2437:
2421:
2414:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2375:the original
2368:
2358:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2298:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2178:
2169:
2143:
2142:
2138:Vickers VC10
2101:
2100:
2089:
2088:
1691:P&W JT3D
1684:P&W JT3D
1673:P&W JT4A
1668:P&W JT3C
1464:-40/43/50/55
1327:
1321:
1301:
1270:
1259:
1252:
1237:
1222:
1155:
1101:
1090:
1045:
1028:
1023:
1016:
977:
960:
936:
932:
913:
906:
872:It received
871:
860:
814:
798:
777:
768:
765:
735:Convair 880s
732:
723:
702:Chuck Yeager
681:
674:
670:leading edge
646:
637:
623:
606:Trans Canada
546:
541:
510:
507:First orders
501:
464:
445:
423:
389:
376:
368:de Havilland
321:
288:
276:
244:four-engined
241:
196:
193:Douglas DC-8
192:
190:
185:May 30, 1958
182:First flight
159:Manufactured
146:Number built
129:UPS Airlines
126:(historical)
102:(1958–1967)
95:Manufacturer
36:
6684:(Transport)
6202:YC-137 (II)
5342:(1925–1962)
5332:Tri-Service
5212:Skymaster I
4852:Observation
4754:B-23 Dragon
4713:A4D Skyhawk
4638:A-4 Skyhawk
4081:Never built
4035:Jet-engined
3620:. Coronet.
3567:. Boxtree.
3160:January 24,
3089:ch-aviation
2616:October 24,
2381:October 21,
1503:Max. cargo
1486:Passengers
1415:MK Airlines
1182:bought six
817:Boeing 707s
746:, becoming
313:Development
201:narrow-body
195:(sometimes
107:(1967–1972)
7017:Categories
6856:Transporte
6197:YC-137 (I)
6077:C-127 (II)
4960:Transports
4838:Havoc I/II
4577:F4D Skyray
4143:See also:
4118:Model 2229
4108:DC-10 Twin
3586:. Putnam.
3290:August 27,
3264:August 27,
3212:August 27,
2733:January 7,
2190:References
2108:Boeing 707
1878:Deliveries
1871:swept wing
1695:Super 70:
1652:Max. fuel
1308:hijackings
773:Boeing 747
739:Boeing 720
727:Boeing 707
694:California
654:air brakes
642:Long Beach
554:Air France
513:turboprops
420:swept wing
318:Background
225:Boeing 707
6861:Transport
6072:C-127 (I)
4784:Model 423
4739:B-18 Bolo
4458:MDD MD-90
3948:airliners
3756:April 17,
3039:April 21,
2806:0015-3710
2430:0262-4079
2236:BBC News,
2195:Citations
1542:Fuselage
1517:Wingspan
1461:-10/20/30
1271:In 2024,
1243:Operators
998:turbofans
982:Series 50
957:turbofans
941:Series 40
918:Series 30
897:Air Spain
888:Series 20
842:Series 10
598:Lufthansa
466:Douglas,
385:propeller
332:Model 247
272:freighter
162:1958–1972
7043:Quadjets
6914:T.9 (II)
4550:Fighters
3790:Archived
3750:Archived
3442:Archived
3410:Archived
3375:Archived
3345:Archived
3315:Archived
3284:Archived
3258:Archived
3232:Archived
3206:Archived
3180:Archived
3154:Archived
3125:Archived
3093:Archived
3033:Archived
2986:Archived
2902:June 19,
2896:Archived
2865:Archived
2810:Archived
2727:Archived
2687:Archived
2485:Archived
2432:. p. 50.
2229:Archived
2043:See also
1788:Payload
1682:-50/55:
1677:-40/43:
1671:-20/30:
1584:payload
1458:Variant
1437:Alitalia
1194:, and 6
1148:, and 6
967:turbofan
837:Variants
801:hushkits
452:turbojet
398:and the
297:trijet.
6909:T.9 (I)
6765:B.TL.12
6382:C-20F–J
6377:C-20A–D
6155:NC-131H
5765:C-77B–D
5334:systems
5221:Gliders
4833:Digby I
4722:Bombers
4542:Douglas
4185:Douglas
3981:Dolphin
3942:Douglas
3238:June 3,
3099:May 21,
2871:May 13,
1767:Volume
1762:-62/72
1753:-50/-55
1528:Length
1473:-62/72
1360:at the
1198:. The
1036:⁄
1012:US Navy
949:-42 of
529:Electra
468:Convair
442:Cockpit
154:History
6994:Tanker
6805:B.L.20
6800:B.L.19
6795:B.L.18
6790:B.L.17
6785:B.L.16
6780:B.L.15
6775:B.L.14
6770:B.L.13
6753:B.L.11
6748:B.L.10
6733:B.TL.7
6706:B.JL.2
6587:C-767B
6193:C-137
6182:KC-135
6143:WC-130
6138:MC-130
6133:LC-130
6128:KC-130
6123:HC-130
6114:EC-130
6109:DC-130
6104:AC-130
6099:C-130J
6068:C-127
6047:C-123A
6030:EC-121
6025:C-121F
6008:AC-119
5991:C-117D
5228:XCG-17
5207:PD.808
5197:CC-129
5125:YC-129
5108:C-117D
5098:YC-116
5093:XC-114
4918:Patrol
4497:
4491:
4485:
4217:2000s
4214:1990s
4211:1980s
4208:1970s
4205:1960s
4202:1950s
3857:
3842:
3827:
3812:
3796:May 9,
3772:
3742:
3664:
3645:
3624:
3590:
3571:
3552:
3531:
3512:
3493:
3405:Flight
2982:rzjets
2804:
2547:
2428:
2007:Total
1927:Total
1844:Range
1842:Max PL
1756:-61/71
1712:Range
1679:RCo.12
1481:Three
1470:-63/73
1467:-61/71
1411:Lusaka
1227:-2, a
1196:-63PFs
1184:-63PFs
1150:-62AFs
1146:-62CFs
1098:built.
1052:as an
1046:EC-24A
793:CFM56s
682:CF-CPG
638:N8008D
602:Qantas
588:, and
566:Sabena
564:, and
478:, and
362:, and
328:Boeing
221:Pan Am
112:Status
63:CFM56s
6969:TR.20
6743:B.L.9
6738:B.L.8
6728:B.L.6
6723:B.L.5
6718:B.L.4
6713:B.L.3
6696:B.L.2
6691:B.L.1
6615:CT-43
6610:CT-39
6594:C-880
6582:C-767
6566:C-147
6561:C-146
6556:C-145
6551:C-144
6546:C-143
6481:C-37B
6424:C-27J
6373:C-20
6332:RC-12
6315:KC-10
6306:C-10
6234:C-142
6229:C-141
6224:C-140
6219:C-139
6214:C-138
6207:C-137
6189:C-136
6177:C-135
6172:C-134
6167:C-133
6162:C-132
6150:C-131
6094:C-130
6089:C-129
6084:C-128
6064:C-126
6059:C-125
6054:C-124
6042:C-123
6037:C-122
6020:C-121
6015:C-120
6003:C-119
5998:C-118
5986:C-117
5981:C-116
5976:C-115
5971:C-114
5966:C-113
5961:C-112
5956:C-111
5951:C-110
5946:C-109
5941:C-108
5936:C-107
5931:C-106
5926:C-105
5921:C-104
5916:C-103
5911:C-102
5906:C-101
5901:C-100
5884:KC-97
5807:C-83B
5802:C-83A
5723:C-70B
5601:AC-47
5596:C-47T
5591:C-47F
5554:C-41A
5254:XT-30
5175:R4D-8
5130:C-132
5115:C-118
5103:C-117
5083:C-110
5063:UC-67
5007:C-41A
4987:YC-34
4909:YOA-5
4894:YO-44
4821:DB-73
4816:DB-19
4764:XB-31
4749:XB-22
4744:XB-19
4734:YB-11
4562:XP-48
4476:MD-11
4093:DC-7D
4072:MD-11
4067:DC-10
4062:MD-95
4057:MD-90
4052:MD-80
4006:DC-4E
3904:(PDF)
3445:(PDF)
3438:(PDF)
3413:(PDF)
3400:(PDF)
2936:p.202
2161:Notes
1924:1972
1921:1971
1918:1970
1915:1969
1912:1968
1909:1967
1906:1966
1903:1965
1900:1964
1897:1963
1894:1962
1891:1961
1888:1960
1885:1959
1759:63/73
1697:CFM56
1666:-10:
1582:Max.
1435:, ex
1217:CFM56
1192:-63AF
1188:-63CF
1176:-63AF
1172:-63CF
1142:-62AF
1138:-62CF
830:UPS's
809:CFM56
372:Comet
307:CFM56
299:Noise
295:DC-10
7002:TK.1
6991:(TK)
6979:T.22
6974:T.21
6964:T.19
6959:T.18
6954:T.17
6949:T.16
6944:T.15
6939:T.14
6934:T.13
6929:T.12
6924:T.11
6919:T.10
6758:K/Kh
6625:CV-7
6620:CV-2
6528:C-46
6523:C-45
6518:C-44
6513:C-43
6508:C-42
6503:C-41
6498:C-40
6493:C-39
6488:C-38
6476:C-37
6471:C-36
6466:C-35
6461:C-34
6456:C-33
6451:C-32
6446:C-31
6441:C-30
6436:C-29
6431:C-28
6419:C-27
6414:C-26
6409:C-25
6404:C-24
6399:C-23
6394:C-22
6389:C-21
6369:C-19
6364:C-18
6359:C-17
6354:C-16
6349:C-15
6344:C-14
6339:C-13
6327:C-12
6322:C-11
6310:C-10
6290:RC-7
6281:C-7
5896:C-99
5891:C-98
5879:C-97
5874:C-96
5869:C-95
5864:C-94
5859:C-93
5854:C-92
5849:C-91
5844:C-90
5839:C-89
5834:C-88
5829:C-87
5824:C-86
5819:C-85
5814:C-84
5797:C-83
5792:C-82
5787:C-81
5782:C-80
5777:C-79
5772:C-78
5760:C-77
5755:C-76
5750:C-75
5745:C-74
5740:C-73
5735:C-72
5730:C-71
5718:C-70
5713:C-69
5708:C-68
5703:C-67
5698:C-66
5693:C-65
5688:C-64
5683:C-63
5678:C-62
5673:C-61
5668:C-60
5663:C-59
5658:C-58
5653:C-57
5648:C-56
5643:C-55
5638:C-54
5633:C-53
5628:C-52
5623:C-51
5618:C-50
5613:C-49
5608:C-48
5586:C-47
5581:C-46
5576:C-45
5571:C-44
5566:C-43
5561:C-42
5549:C-41
5544:C-40
5539:C-39
5534:C-38
5529:C-37
5524:C-36
5519:C-35
5514:C-34
5509:C-33
5504:C-32
5499:C-31
5494:C-30
5489:C-29
5484:C-28
5479:C-27
5474:C-26
5469:C-25
5464:C-24
5459:C-23
5454:C-22
5449:C-21
5444:C-20
5439:C-19
5434:C-18
5429:C-17
5424:C-16
5419:C-15
5414:C-14
5409:C-13
5404:C-12
5399:C-11
5394:C-10
5249:BT-2
5244:BT-1
5202:LXD1
5148:C-24
5078:C-84
5068:C-68
5058:C-58
5043:C-52
5038:C-51
5033:C-50
5028:C-49
5023:C-48
5012:C-42
5002:C-41
4997:C-39
4992:C-38
4982:C-33
4977:C-32
4972:C-21
4904:O-53
4899:O-46
4889:O-43
4884:O-38
4879:O-35
4874:O-31
4843:DXD1
4811:DB-8
4806:DB-7
4801:DB-2
4796:DB-1
4729:YB-7
4668:XT3D
4623:A-33
4613:A-24
4608:A-20
4603:XA-2
4567:P-70
4423:DC-7
4187:and
4047:DC-9
4042:DC-8
4026:DC-7
4021:DC-6
4016:DC-5
4011:DC-4
4001:DC-3
3996:DC-2
3991:DC-1
3944:and
3855:ISBN
3840:ISBN
3825:ISBN
3810:ISBN
3798:2023
3770:ISBN
3758:2023
3740:ISBN
3662:ISBN
3643:ISBN
3622:ISBN
3588:ISBN
3569:ISBN
3550:ISBN
3529:ISBN
3510:ISBN
3491:ISBN
3453:2016
3421:2016
3383:2016
3353:2016
3323:2019
3292:2008
3266:2008
3240:2011
3214:2008
3188:2019
3162:2023
3133:2019
3101:2023
3041:2013
2994:2019
2904:2014
2873:2009
2832:link
2818:2016
2802:ISSN
2735:2010
2695:2016
2618:2006
2545:ISBN
2426:ISSN
2383:2014
2036:556
2033:107
1974:556
1959:102
1815:OEW
1686:-3B
1498:189
1441:NASA
1328:Fuji
1273:NASA
1190:, 7
1134:-62H
1130:-62s
1108:and
1019:JT3D
965:509
880:and
825:USAF
821:720s
819:and
666:drag
594:BOAC
460:drag
364:DC-7
360:DC-6
356:DC-5
352:DC-4
348:DC-3
344:DC-2
256:JT4A
252:MTOW
191:The
174:and
76:Type
59:NASA
42:DC-8
6904:T.8
6899:T.7
6894:T.6
6889:T.5
6884:T.4
6879:T.3
6874:T.2
6869:T.1
6858:(R)
6682:B.L
6302:C-9
6297:C-8
6285:C-7
6277:C-6
6272:C-5
6267:C-4
6262:C-3
6257:C-2
6252:C-1
5389:C-9
5384:C-8
5379:C-7
5374:C-6
5369:C-5
5364:C-4
5359:C-3
5354:C-2
5349:C-1
5190:R6D
5180:R5D
5165:R3D
5160:R2D
5142:C-9
4967:C-1
4951:F-3
4935:P3D
4930:P2D
4869:O2D
4859:O-2
4663:T2D
4557:XFD
3976:M-4
3971:M-3
3966:M-2
3961:M-1
2579:doi
2541:582
2024:142
2004:-63
2001:-62
1998:-61
1995:-50
1992:-40
1989:-30
1986:-20
1983:-10
1968:13
1965:33
1962:85
1956:41
1953:32
1950:31
1947:20
1944:19
1941:22
1938:42
1935:91
1932:21
1699:-2
1495:259
1489:177
1398:in
1394:at
1379:in
1364:in
1341:in
1168:-62
1164:-62
1160:-61
1126:-53
1122:-62
1118:-61
1116:or
1114:-53
1110:-61
1106:-50
992:KLM
928:SAS
692:in
578:KLM
542:not
149:556
7019::
5185:JD
5155:RD
4925:PD
4864:OD
4683:BD
4658:DT
4390:6
4369:9
4339:9
4309:9
4279:9
4249:9
3986:DF
3877:.
3788:.
3784:.
3748:.
3609:12
3607:.
3476:.
3402:.
3373:.
3369:.
3339:.
3313:.
3309:.
3141:^
3123:.
3117:.
3091:.
3087:.
3058:.
3025:.
2984:.
2980:.
2953:^
2941:^
2912:^
2894:.
2890:.
2857:.
2828:}}
2824:{{
2808:.
2796:.
2782:^
2752:^
2725:.
2721:.
2654:.
2637:.
2633:.
2577:.
2511:^
2491:.
2455:^
2400:^
2367:.
2346:^
2307:^
2286:^
2030:67
2027:88
2021:32
2018:57
2015:34
2012:29
1971:4
1409:,
1383:,
1288:.
990:A
750:.
704:.
600:,
596:,
584:,
580:,
576:,
572:,
560:,
474:,
470:,
358:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
6839:e
6832:t
6825:v
6701:K
6666:e
6659:t
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6118:H
6116:/
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4534:e
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4387:5
4384:4
4381:3
4378:2
4375:1
4372:0
4366:8
4363:7
4360:6
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4351:3
4348:2
4345:1
4342:0
4336:8
4333:7
4330:6
4327:5
4324:4
4321:3
4318:2
4315:1
4312:0
4306:8
4303:7
4300:6
4297:5
4294:4
4291:3
4288:2
4285:1
4282:0
4276:8
4273:7
4270:6
4267:5
4264:4
4261:3
4258:2
4255:1
4252:0
4246:8
4243:7
4240:6
4237:5
4234:4
4231:3
4228:2
4225:1
4222:0
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3831:.
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