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to western and southern Europe and southwestern Asia. It is most abundant on moist soils in woodlands in areas with high humidity, such as the
British Isles and western France. In the Mediterranean region and the Caucasus it is confined to high altitudes.
231:, the pinnae up to 8–18 cm (3–7 in) long, the pinnules broad rectangular with the margin most toothed close to the pinna tip. There is a blackish spot at the base of the pinna where it joins the rachis.
559:
248:, distinguished by its usually more robust habit with usually more evergreen fronds, more densely scaly frond stems, and more rectangular (less tapered and lobed) pinnae and pinnules.
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at the base of the frond densely covered in yellow-brown scales known as ramenta. The frond is bi
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It is one of the larger
European native ferns, with older specimens developing a dense, almost
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153:
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255:-like base up to 20–30 cm (8–12 in) high and 30–40 cm (12–16 in) broad.
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Wild flowers of
Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
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60–160 cm (24–63 in) long, moderately stiff and hard-textured, the
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have been selected for garden use, of which the following have gained the
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Individual fronds live for about 1.5 years and remain attached to the
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Hyde, H. A., Wade, A. E., & Harrison, S. G. (1978).
411:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 33
355:
859:
460:(Polydactyla group) 'Polydactyla Mapplebeck'"
16:Species of fern in the family Dryopteridaceae
356:Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003).
31:
379:
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351:
349:
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385:"West Highland Flora: Scaly male fern"
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767:713ad933-e6e3-446e-a85c-e3a660963a47
13:
806:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17556900-1
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903:Taxa named by Richard Thomas Lowe
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1:
537:. Royal Horticultural Society
512:. Royal Horticultural Society
487:. Royal Horticultural Society
462:. Royal Horticultural Society
437:. Royal Horticultural Society
339:
334:'Shuttlecock' form of growth
322:Ramenta on the fern's rachis
7:
571:. National Museum of Wales.
360:. London: A & C Black.
273:Royal Horticultural Society
10:
919:
587:
406:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
159:
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41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
288:'Polydactyla Mapplebeck'
194:golden-scaled male fern
310:Young fronds in spring
242:is closely related to
219:and bears light green
888:Flora of Western Asia
535:'Cristata Angustata'"
277:Award of Garden Merit
297:'Cristata Angustata'
245:Dryopteris filix-mas
619:Dryopteris affinis
589:Dryopteris affinis
562:Dryopteris affinis
533:Dryopteris affinis
508:Dryopteris affinis
485:'Crispa Gracilis'"
483:Dryopteris affinis
458:Dryopteris affinis
433:Dryopteris affinis
213:Dryopteris affinis
185:Dryopteris affinis
163:Dryopteris affinis
25:Dryopteris affinis
855:
854:
788:Open Tree of Life
581:Taxon identifiers
291:'Crispa Gracilis'
238:after withering.
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190:scaly male fern
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539:. Retrieved
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101:Polypodiales
64:
24:
18:
713:iNaturalist
613:Wikispecies
569:Welsh Ferns
510:'Cristata'"
259:Cultivation
208:Description
868:Dryopteris
862:Categories
731:17556900-1
516:2020-04-17
491:2020-04-17
466:2020-04-17
441:2020-04-17
415:6 February
340:References
294:'Cristata'
284:D. affinis
240:D. affinis
132:Dryopteris
107:Suborder:
77:Division:
269:varieties
265:cultivars
263:Numerous
253:tree fern
217:evergreen
139:Species:
54:Kingdom:
832:26608733
827:Tropicos
637:BioLib:
604:Q2036293
598:Wikidata
541:29 April
117:Family:
692:7319754
390:13 June
236:rhizome
229:pinnate
196:, is a
127:Genus:
97:Order:
87:Class:
58:Plantae
793:509215
764:NZOR:
757:239547
718:321288
705:403306
679:194528
630:130622
627:APDB:
364:
225:rachis
221:fronds
201:native
188:, the
819:22167
775:NZPCN
674:EUNIS
666:DYOAF
653:37VT7
409:(PDF)
65:Clade
801:POWO
780:3828
752:NCBI
726:IPNI
700:GRIN
687:GBIF
661:EPPO
640:3148
543:2020
417:2018
392:2018
362:ISBN
267:and
198:fern
171:Lowe
840:WFO
814:RHS
739:NBN
648:CoL
275:'s
192:or
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376:^
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169:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
