126:
1249:
239:
540:
1237:
470:
456:
110:
3592:
1208:
554:
103:
227:
1196:
512:
484:
607:
498:
1225:
593:
568:
526:
729:
1169:
189:
195:
191:
187:
193:
188:
186:
185:
194:
192:
190:
238:
184:
182:
125:
183:
2249:
3852:
2034:
1965:
4233:
4223:
4188:
4228:
4218:
2242:
2211:
1936:
2027:
1770:
1724:
1689:
115:
4198:
2163:
1988:
1248:
2235:
1942:
1367:
243:
The intricate southern border area of the Duchy at the end of 1815, following the acquisition of the former imperial fiefdoms of
Lunigiana.
860:, and died in 1803. Following his death, the claims to the no longer existing ducal crown of Modena were inherited by his son-in-law, the
1490:
1444:
1236:
2216:
2094:
1920:
1460:
1417:
897:
4143:
3643:
2020:
1393:"Gli Este. Rinascimento e Barocco a Ferrara e Modena - S. Casciu - M. Toffanello - Libro - Franco Cosimo Panini - Arte estensi | IBS"
4213:
4203:
4061:
3730:
3591:
2600:
1701:
1651:
226:
4193:
4153:
3517:
1646:
1265:
1176:
4208:
1609:
1593:
1567:
1343:
763:
1224:
1207:
3725:
2902:
2620:
1842:
1667:
1625:
1546:
1525:
963:
837:
4183:
4133:
4066:
4025:
3546:
3415:
3158:
3106:
1787:
1695:
1507:
959:
739:
677:
branch of the family. The Este dynasty was a great sponsor of the arts, making the Duchy a cultural reference during the
4148:
4040:
4030:
3705:
3297:
2968:
1904:
1763:
935:
4035:
3740:
3710:
3665:
3409:
3017:
2147:
1630:
955:
694:
600:
404:
102:
1392:
4158:
3538:
2258:
1894:
1572:
826:
790:
767:
698:
1195:
806:
3600:
3561:
3427:
1852:
1483:
489:
17:
3999:
3908:
3807:
3755:
3403:
3307:
3251:
2409:
1948:
869:
818:
3653:
3292:
3226:
3025:
2757:
2680:
2531:
1971:
1791:
1756:
881:
798:
794:
778:
774:
and
Ferrara was finally seized by the Papacy. Cesare was able to retain Modena and Reggio as Imperial fiefs.
517:
214:
163:
924:
738:
The first Este dukes ruled well and the city achieved an economic and cultural peak: Borso's successor Duke
3923:
3618:
1873:
755:
109:
4102:
3680:
3556:
3421:
3373:
3064:
2551:
865:
4009:
3760:
3715:
3510:
3361:
3312:
3302:
2717:
2580:
1899:
1683:
1476:
1270:
1164:
1019:
909:
893:
861:
531:
896:, again assumed the rule as Duke of Modena. In December 1815 he obtained the transfer from his mother
3994:
3720:
3479:
2762:
2043:
1718:
1157:
1073:
943:
786:
341:
3628:
3385:
2737:
2590:
2526:
1320:
4138:
3973:
3963:
3695:
3473:
3148:
3040:
3002:
2497:
2427:
2195:
1102:
1096:
814:
545:
215:
Prayers to be sung during the Mass and the
Blessing of the Blessed Sacrament by the Este's troops
3700:
4178:
4173:
4004:
3571:
3433:
3379:
3327:
3317:
3153:
3096:
2767:
2099:
1294:
947:
732:
461:
1441:
1333:
845:
4163:
4045:
3817:
3648:
3503:
3397:
3241:
3193:
3179:
3007:
2747:
2660:
2610:
2289:
2272:
1551:
1069:
1421:
923:
period in the 1830s-60s, the "Austria-Este" dukes were briefly ousted in the revolutions of
3797:
3526:
3445:
3322:
3261:
3246:
3169:
3133:
3089:
3079:
2857:
2829:
2635:
2479:
2377:
2321:
1878:
766:
in 1597, the ducal line became extinct. The Este lands were bequeathed to
Alfonso's cousin
717:, where he received the ducal title in 1471. The Este lands on the southern border of the
8:
4092:
4087:
4082:
3878:
3685:
3638:
3623:
3608:
3467:
3198:
3101:
3084:
3074:
2929:
2852:
2675:
2670:
2605:
2505:
2415:
928:
920:
3943:
3933:
3862:
3827:
3670:
3391:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3256:
3221:
3216:
3174:
3138:
2997:
2892:
2814:
2787:
2727:
2630:
2615:
2453:
2433:
1810:
1805:
1530:
1077:
908:
and bestowed upon her, and, on her death in 1829, he also inherited the territories of
905:
889:
841:
810:
759:
586:
573:
559:
475:
381:
3888:
3495:
2078:
4107:
4097:
3918:
3898:
3750:
3236:
3231:
3164:
3123:
3117:
2958:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2665:
2645:
2595:
2585:
2566:
2115:
1339:
1088:
939:
822:
802:
771:
718:
290:
962:
in March 1860, which led the
Italian unification movement, which further led to the
3928:
3842:
3837:
3822:
3802:
3776:
3690:
3675:
3453:
3035:
3030:
2953:
2887:
2882:
2752:
2722:
2690:
2546:
2491:
2470:
2448:
2227:
2131:
2012:
1275:
1110:
751:
714:
654:
638:
503:
358:
277:
271:
78:
63:
946:
was again forced to flee, this time permanently. In
December, Modena joined with
4168:
3968:
3938:
3857:
3745:
2976:
2944:
2939:
2919:
2782:
2742:
2712:
2695:
2655:
2640:
2625:
2556:
2541:
2458:
2438:
2311:
2062:
1847:
1577:
1448:
985:
853:
743:
326:
2834:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3903:
3893:
3735:
3576:
3550:
3459:
3355:
3349:
2949:
2924:
2797:
2792:
2777:
2772:
2707:
2702:
2685:
2650:
2443:
2421:
2365:
2304:
1868:
1826:
1511:
1153:
1058:
1011:
951:
782:
666:
662:
646:
307:
265:
149:
48:
4127:
3847:
3832:
3812:
3781:
3633:
3143:
2981:
2485:
2359:
2331:
1132:
1040:
981:
706:
670:
3989:
3883:
3660:
3566:
2516:
2371:
2351:
1140:
1136:
722:
674:
3913:
3069:
2934:
2057:
678:
1331:
728:
4112:
1748:
1001:
885:
3613:
2336:
1128:
1106:
1092:
1062:
1054:
1006:
991:
901:
1468:
3054:
2536:
2341:
2284:
1124:
996:
913:
849:
833:
710:
758:
from 1508, troops from Modena fought in Papal service against the
2316:
2277:
1117:
1081:
1047:
1015:
857:
682:
969:
2824:
1332:
Trudy Ring; Robert M. Salkin; Sharon La Boda (1 January 1996).
1036:
975:
747:
709:
for centuries. Borso in 1450 had also succeeded his brother as
702:
252:
1168:
742:
had the city of Modena rebuilt according to plans designed by
2802:
2326:
2299:
625:
300:
1335:
International
Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe
2294:
725:
formed a stabilizing buffer state in the interest of both.
152:
for 'The right hand of the Lord ‘has’ exalted me')
832:
In 1796 Modena was again occupied by a French army under
27:
3525:
1418:"Modena Ducale – Associazione "Legittimismo Estense""
2257:
2042:
1184:
809:, he could not return until 1707. In 1711 the small
669:. It was ruled since its establishment by the noble
1308:
Almanacco etrusco cronologico statistico mercantile
770:; however, the succession was not acknowledged by
661:) was an Italian state created in 1452 located in
4125:
3443:
825:forces, but his duchy was restored by the 1748
848:, the last Este Duke was compensated with the
746:, his successors were patrons of artists like
4234:States and territories disestablished in 1859
4224:States and territories disestablished in 1796
4189:1450s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
3511:
2243:
2164:Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa
2028:
1895:Maria Teresa Felicitas, Duchess of Penthièvre
1764:
1484:
1325:
970:Provinces of the Duchy before the dissolution
884:in 1814, following the final fall of Emperor
70:
55:
2646:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
161:
1853:Maria Angela Caterina, Princess of Carignan
1372:baroque, arte e cultura nel periodo barocco
1068:Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince of
142:
40:
4229:States and territories established in 1814
4219:States and territories established in 1542
3518:
3504:
2250:
2236:
2217:Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria
2035:
2021:
1827:Anna, Duchess of Guise, Duchess of Nemours
1771:
1757:
1491:
1477:
237:
225:
3644:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
1778:
875:
813:was absorbed by the Este. His successor
727:
4062:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
3731:Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
2601:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
1338:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 446–.
14:
4126:
1943:Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria
1266:List of Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena
231:The Duchy of Modena and Reggio in 1815
131:Coat of arms used from 1830 until 1859
3499:
2231:
2016:
1752:
1498:
1472:
1230:Civil flag and Civil ensign 1830–1859
1026:
958:", which were annexed to the growing
701:, whose family had ruled the city of
4199:15th-century establishments in Italy
4026:Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
3726:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
1147:
964:proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
4067:National Unity and Armed Forces Day
1972:Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón
1305:
938:(April to July 1859) following the
24:
4041:Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
4031:Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
3706:Second Italian War of Independence
1949:Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria
1905:Maria Fortunata, Princess of Conti
936:Second Italian War of Independence
844:out of his territory. By the 1801
25:
4245:
4036:Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
3741:Third Italian War of Independence
3711:United Provinces of Central Italy
3666:First Italian War of Independence
3410:United Provinces of Central Italy
1966:Maria Theresa, Duchess of Orléans
1365:
1185:Historical flags and coat of arms
1160:, was Grand Master of the :
956:United Provinces of Central Italy
785:and in turn received the town of
781:, the dukes of Modena sided with
601:United Provinces of Central Italy
405:United Provinces of Central Italy
4144:Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire
3590:
2259:List of historic states of Italy
2196:Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy
2044:Princesses of Modena by marriage
1937:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
1921:Maria Beatrice, Duchess of Massa
1869:Maria Beatrice, Queen of England
1247:
1235:
1223:
1206:
1194:
1167:
1091:(1597, marquessate in 1569), of
900:of the former imperial fiefs in
695:Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III
688:
605:
591:
566:
552:
538:
524:
510:
496:
482:
468:
454:
180:
124:
108:
101:
4214:1859 disestablishments in Italy
4204:1796 disestablishments in Italy
3392:Provisional Government of Milan
1989:Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria
1806:Isabella, Marchioness of Mantua
1310:(in Italian). pp. 214–215.
1174:Order of Seniority of Service (
665:, in the present day region of
490:County of Novellara and Bagnolo
4000:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
3808:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
3756:Italian entry into World War I
2591:City of Fiume and its District
1454:
1435:
1410:
1385:
1359:
1314:
1299:
1288:
819:War of the Austrian Succession
13:
1:
4194:1452 establishments in Europe
4154:Early modern history of Italy
3853:Annibale Santore di Santarosa
3026:County of Apulia and Calabria
2532:Campagna e Marittima Province
2212:Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria
1652:Francesco III, Duke of Modena
1281:
1143:(1752), Ieno and San Cassiano
807:Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme
795:War of the Spanish Succession
779:War of the Mantuan Succession
518:Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
164:Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser
4209:1814 establishments in Italy
3924:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
3619:Revolutions during the 1820s
1879:Enrichetta, Duchess of Parma
1725:Prince Ferdinand Karl Viktor
1690:Prince Ferdinand Karl Joseph
1647:Francesco II, Duke of Modena
880:With the dissolution of the
856:territories in southwestern
756:War of the League of Cambrai
7:
4103:Revisionism of Risorgimento
3681:Sicilian revolution of 1848
3562:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
3557:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
3428:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
3422:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
3374:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
2552:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
2003:also Archduchess of Austria
1610:Francesco I, Duke of Modena
1594:Alfonso III, Duke of Modena
1259:
1050:(Lord 1264, Duke 1471–1597)
1039:(Lord 1288, Duke 1452) and
904:, not reconstituted by the
882:Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy
144:Dextera Domini exaltavit me
10:
4250:
4184:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
4134:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
4010:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
3716:Expedition of the Thousand
3582:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
3368:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
3362:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
2763:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
2733:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
2718:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
2116:Princess Isabella of Savoy
1843:Isabella, Duchess of Parma
1811:Beatrice, Duchess of Milan
1684:Francis IV, Duke of Modena
1668:Ercole III, Duke of Modena
1626:Alfonso IV, Duke of Modena
1578:Luigi, Cardinal of Ferrera
1568:Alfonso II, Duke of Modena
1271:Historical states of Italy
1165:Order of the Eagle of Este
1072:(Count 1530, Price 1535),
1020:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
910:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
817:backed France in the 1740
789:from the hands of Emperor
635:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
532:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
403:• Merged to form the
34:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
4149:History of Emilia-Romagna
4075:
4054:
4018:
3995:Franz Joseph I of Austria
3982:
3872:Literature and philosophy
3871:
3790:
3769:
3721:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
3599:
3588:
3537:
3480:Free Territory of Trieste
3340:
3270:
3209:
3192:
3116:
3053:
3016:
2998:Principality of Benevento
2990:
2967:
2912:
2901:
2843:
2813:
2565:
2515:
2469:
2400:
2387:
2350:
2265:
2204:
2188:
2172:
2156:
2148:Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans
2140:
2124:
2108:
2087:
2071:
2050:
1998:
1981:
1958:
1929:
1913:
1887:
1861:
1835:
1819:
1798:
1784:
1734:
1719:Francis V, Duke of Modena
1711:
1676:
1660:
1639:
1618:
1602:
1586:
1560:
1552:Ippolito, Cardinal d'Este
1547:Ercole II, Duke of Modena
1539:
1531:Ippolito, Cardinal d'Este
1526:Alfonso I, Duke of Modena
1518:
1504:
827:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
762:. Upon the death of Duke
643:Ducato di Modena e Reggio
621:
433:
423:
418:
414:
401:
391:
378:
368:
364:
354:
350:
335:
320:
316:
306:
296:
286:
258:
248:
236:
224:
156:
138:
97:
90:
57:Ducato di Modena e Reggio
32:
3386:Italian United Provinces
2738:Principality of Piombino
2527:Patrimony of Saint Peter
2079:Princess Renée of France
1739:also Archduke of Austria
1213:Coat of arms (1452–1830)
1031:The Duke of Modena was:
651:Ducatus Mutinae et Regii
174:God Save Emperor Francis
118:Bottom: Flag (1830–1859)
42:Ducatus Mutinae et Regii
4159:Modern history of Italy
3974:Francesco Saverio Salfi
3964:Gian Domenico Romagnosi
3474:Italian Social Republic
3149:Principality of Taranto
3041:Principality of Taranto
3003:Principality of Salerno
2758:Bishopric of Tarantasia
2581:Bishopric of Bressanone
2498:Duchy of the Pentapolis
1848:Maria, Duchess of Parma
1786:Generations start from
1631:Rinaldo, Duke of Modena
1506:Generations start from
1116:Count of Jeno ed Avad (
673:, and from 1814 by the
658:
546:Marquisate of Fosdinovo
71:
4005:Klemens von Metternich
3572:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
3527:Unification of Italy (
3380:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
3154:Terra Sancti Benedicti
3058:(from the 9th century)
2768:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1573:Cesare, Duke of Modena
1201:State flag (1452–1830)
1043:(Lord 1289, Duke 1452)
868:, an uncle of Emperor
735:
733:Ducal Palace of Modena
713:in the adjacent Papal
650:
642:
462:Kingdom of Italy (HRE)
393:• Re-established
162:
143:
56:
41:
4046:Tricolour Flag Museum
3818:Federico Confalonieri
3649:Republic of San Marco
3398:Republic of San Marco
3180:Crown Colony of Malta
3008:Principality of Capua
2748:Marquisate of Saluzzo
2611:County of Santa Fiora
2273:Etruscan civilization
1702:Prince Karl Ambrosius
1447:May 14, 2014, at the
931:, but soon returned.
919:In the course of the
898:Maria Beatrice d'Este
876:House of Austria-Este
852:region of the former
731:
697:offered the duchy to
659:Duchêt ed Mòdna e Rèz
259:Common languages
116:Top: Flag (1452–1830)
72:Duchêt ed Mòdna e Rèz
3701:Plombières Agreement
3194:French Revolutionary
3134:State of the Presidi
2858:Republic of Florence
2830:Domini di Terraferma
2480:Exarchate of Ravenna
2378:Western Roman Empire
2322:Nuragic civilization
1779:Princesses of Modena
1321:Francesco III d'Este
1242:State flag 1830–1859
1129:San Martino in Spino
1041:Reggio (nell'Emilia)
892:, Ferdinand's son,
866:Ferdinand of Austria
821:and was expelled by
268:(until 17th century)
4093:Italian nationalism
4088:Italian irredentism
4083:Altare della Patria
3879:Giovanni Arrivabene
3686:Ten Days of Brescia
3639:Revolutions of 1848
3624:Revolutions of 1830
3609:Rimini Proclamation
3547:Kingdom of Sardinia
3468:Free State of Fiume
3416:Kingdom of Sardinia
3159:Neapolitan Republic
3107:Kingdom of Sardinia
3102:Republic of Sassari
2930:Catepanate of Italy
2853:Republic of Cospaia
2676:Duchy of Montferrat
2671:March of Montferrat
2606:County of Guastalla
2506:Exarchate of Africa
2100:Virginia de' Medici
2095:Lucrezia de' Medici
960:Kingdom of Sardinia
921:Italian unification
846:Treaty of Lunéville
836:, who deposed Duke
382:Conquered by France
274:(from 18th century)
3944:Alessandro Manzoni
3934:Francesco Lomonaco
3863:Victor Emmanuel II
3828:Giuseppe Garibaldi
3671:Five Days of Milan
3539:Pre-unitary states
3298:Lucca and Piombino
3175:Malta Protectorate
3139:Duke of San Donato
2893:Republic of Ancona
2815:Republic of Venice
2728:Duchy of Mirandola
2616:Duchy of Guastalla
2454:Duchy of Tridentum
2434:Duchy of Benevento
2401:Barbarian kingdoms
1874:Princess Benedetta
1078:San Martino in Rio
1027:Traditional titles
906:Congress of Vienna
890:Battle of Waterloo
842:Cispadane Republic
811:Duchy of Mirandola
760:Republic of Venice
736:
663:Northwestern Italy
587:Cispadane Republic
574:Cispadane Republic
560:Duchy of Guastalla
476:Duchy of Mirandola
4121:
4120:
4108:Southern question
3919:Vincenzo Gioberti
3899:Felice Cavallotti
3798:Massimo d'Azeglio
3751:Law of Guarantees
3493:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3336:
3335:
3303:Massa and Carrara
3188:
3187:
3165:Hospitaller Malta
3124:Kingdom of Naples
3118:Kingdom of Sicily
3049:
3048:
2959:Duchy of Sorrento
2878:Republic of Genoa
2873:Republic of Siena
2868:Republic of Massa
2863:Republic of Lucca
2596:County of Gorizia
2586:Corsican Republic
2567:Holy Roman Empire
2225:
2224:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1696:Prince Maximilian
1499:Princes of Modena
1345:978-1-884964-02-2
1148:Knighthood orders
978:(Duchy of Modena)
940:Battle of Magenta
912:belonging to her
862:Habsburg-Lorraine
772:Pope Clement VIII
719:Holy Roman Empire
631:
630:
617:
616:
613:
612:
579:
578:
346:
337:• 1846–1859
331:
322:• 1452–1471
291:Roman Catholicism
196:
16:(Redirected from
4241:
3929:Giacomo Leopardi
3909:Giuseppe Ferrari
3843:Bettino Ricasoli
3838:Giuseppe Mazzini
3823:Francesco Crispi
3803:Agostino Bertani
3777:Cockade of Italy
3761:Impresa di Fiume
3691:Belfiore martyrs
3676:Sortie on Mestre
3594:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3454:Kingdom of Italy
3441:
3440:
3207:
3206:
3036:County of Sicily
3031:County of Aversa
2954:Byzantine Sicily
2940:Theme of Lucania
2910:
2909:
2888:Republic of Pisa
2883:Republic of Noli
2753:Duchy of Spoleto
2723:Duchy of Merania
2621:Kingdom of Italy
2547:Duchy of Ferrara
2492:Duchy of Perugia
2471:Byzantine Empire
2449:Duchy of Spoleto
2416:Ostrogothic rule
2398:
2397:
2266:Pre-Roman period
2252:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2132:Laura Martinozzi
2037:
2030:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2000:
1900:Princess Matilde
1773:
1766:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1736:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1420:. Archived from
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1368:"Modena barocca"
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1329:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1295:L'Aşèj Balsâmich
1292:
1276:Duchy of Ferrara
1251:
1239:
1227:
1210:
1198:
1171:
942:, the last Duke
854:Further Austrian
840:and created the
752:Ludovico Ariosto
715:Duchy of Ferrara
609:
608:
595:
594:
583:
582:
570:
569:
556:
555:
542:
541:
528:
527:
514:
513:
504:Duchy of Ferrara
500:
499:
486:
485:
472:
471:
458:
457:
451:
450:
435:
434:
359:Early modern era
344:
329:
241:
229:
217:
198:
197:
177:
167:
146:
128:
112:
105:
82:
74:
67:
59:
52:
44:
30:
29:
21:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4071:
4050:
4014:
3978:
3969:Antonio Rosmini
3939:Goffredo Mameli
3889:Giosuè Carducci
3867:
3858:Ruggero Settimo
3786:
3765:
3746:Capture of Rome
3595:
3586:
3533:
3524:
3494:
3485:
3439:
3342:
3341:Post-Napoleonic
3332:
3266:
3202:
3196:
3184:
3126:
3122:
3121:(1130–1816) and
3120:
3112:
3057:
3045:
3012:
2986:
2977:Emirate of Bari
2963:
2950:Theme of Sicily
2945:Duchy of Naples
2920:Duchy of Amalfi
2905:
2897:
2845:
2844:Other Republics
2839:
2817:
2809:
2803:County of Tenda
2783:County of Savoy
2743:Duchy of Reggio
2713:Duchy of Mantua
2641:March of Friuli
2573:
2571:
2569:
2561:
2557:Duchy of Urbino
2542:Duchy of Castro
2519:
2511:
2465:
2459:Duchy of Tuscia
2439:Duchy of Friuli
2402:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2362:(753 BC–509 BC)
2346:
2261:
2256:
2226:
2221:
2205:12th generation
2200:
2189:11th generation
2184:
2173:10th generation
2168:
2152:
2136:
2120:
2104:
2083:
2067:
2063:Lucrezia Borgia
2046:
2041:
2011:
2006:
1994:
1982:12th generation
1977:
1959:11th generation
1954:
1930:10th generation
1925:
1909:
1883:
1857:
1831:
1815:
1794:
1788:Ercole I d'Este
1780:
1777:
1747:
1742:
1730:
1712:11th generation
1707:
1677:10th generation
1672:
1656:
1635:
1614:
1598:
1582:
1556:
1535:
1514:
1508:Ercole I d'Este
1500:
1497:
1467:
1466:
1461:Sash & Star
1459:
1455:
1449:Wayback Machine
1440:
1436:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1402:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1231:
1228:
1214:
1211:
1202:
1199:
1187:
1150:
1029:
986:Duchy of Reggio
972:
878:
744:Biagio Rossetti
691:
606:
592:
567:
553:
539:
525:
511:
497:
483:
469:
455:
426:
425:• Estimate
407:
394:
384:
371:
370:• Created
338:
323:
282:
244:
232:
220:
213:
210:
204:
200:
199:
181:
178:
171:
170:
168:
147:
134:
133:
132:
129:
121:
120:
117:
113:
106:
92:
86:
85:
76:
61:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Duchy of Modena
15:
12:
11:
5:
4247:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4139:Italian states
4136:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3959:Carlo Pisacane
3956:
3954:Silvio Pellico
3951:
3949:Ippolito Nievo
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3904:Vincenzo Cuoco
3901:
3896:
3894:Carlo Cattaneo
3891:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Roman Question
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3654:Roman Republic
3651:
3646:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3577:Duchy of Parma
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3551:House of Savoy
3543:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:Italian Empire
3450:
3448:
3438:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3404:Roman Republic
3401:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3359:
3356:Duchy of Lucca
3353:
3350:Duchy of Genoa
3346:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3204:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3061:
3059:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2925:Duchy of Gaeta
2922:
2916:
2914:
2907:
2903:Southern Italy
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2846:(c. 1000–1797)
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2798:County of Nice
2795:
2793:Duchy of Aosta
2790:
2785:
2780:
2773:Savoyard state
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:Duchy of Milan
2705:
2703:Duchy of Ivrea
2700:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2476:
2474:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2444:Duchy of Ivrea
2441:
2436:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2410:Odoacer's rule
2406:
2404:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2374:(27 BC–395 AD)
2369:
2368:(509 BC–27 BC)
2366:Roman Republic
2363:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2305:Cisalpine Gaul
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2157:9th generation
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2141:8th generation
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2125:7th generation
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2109:5th generation
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2088:4th generation
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2072:3rd generation
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2051:2nd generation
2048:
2047:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1914:9th generation
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1888:8th generation
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1862:7th generation
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1836:6th generation
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1820:3rd generation
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1799:1st generation
1796:
1795:
1792:Duke of Modena
1785:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1661:8th generation
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1640:7th generation
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1619:6th generation
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1603:5th generation
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1587:4th generation
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1561:3rd generation
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1540:2nd generation
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1519:1st generation
1516:
1515:
1512:Duke of Modena
1505:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1453:
1434:
1409:
1384:
1366:Costa, Carla.
1358:
1344:
1324:
1313:
1298:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1172:
1154:Duke of Modena
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1121:
1114:
1103:Count palatine
1100:
1085:
1080:(1752) and of
1066:
1051:
1044:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
979:
971:
968:
877:
874:
801:was ousted by
783:Habsburg Spain
690:
687:
667:Emilia-Romagna
629:
628:
623:
619:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
603:
597:
596:
589:
580:
577:
576:
571:
563:
562:
557:
549:
548:
543:
535:
534:
529:
521:
520:
515:
507:
506:
501:
493:
492:
487:
479:
478:
473:
465:
464:
459:
447:
446:
441:
431:
430:
427:
424:
421:
420:
416:
415:
412:
411:
408:
402:
399:
398:
395:
392:
389:
388:
385:
379:
376:
375:
372:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
356:
355:Historical era
352:
351:
348:
347:
339:
336:
333:
332:
324:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
298:
294:
293:
288:
284:
283:
281:
280:
275:
269:
262:
260:
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:
242:
234:
233:
230:
222:
221:
179:
154:
153:
136:
135:
130:
123:
122:
114:
107:
100:
99:
98:
95:
94:
88:
87:
84:
83:
68:
53:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4246:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4179:House of Este
4177:
4175:
4174:Reggio Emilia
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:National days
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
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3833:Daniele Manin
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2486:Duchy of Rome
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2019:
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2015:
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1997:
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1471:
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1457:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1438:
1424:on 2017-01-03
1423:
1419:
1413:
1398:
1394:
1388:
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1337:
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1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1133:Campogalliano
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1079:
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1060:
1056:
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1038:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
987:
983:
980:
977:
974:
973:
967:
965:
961:
957:
954:to form the "
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:Francesco III
812:
808:
805:troops under
804:
800:
796:
793:. During the
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
773:
769:
768:Cesare d'Este
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
734:
730:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
707:Reggio Emilia
704:
700:
696:
689:House of Este
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:House of Este
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
627:
624:
622:Today part of
620:
604:
602:
599:
598:
590:
588:
585:
584:
581:
575:
572:
565:
564:
561:
558:
551:
550:
547:
544:
537:
536:
533:
530:
523:
522:
519:
516:
509:
508:
505:
502:
495:
494:
491:
488:
481:
480:
477:
474:
467:
466:
463:
460:
453:
452:
449:
448:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
432:
428:
422:
417:
413:
409:
406:
400:
396:
390:
386:
383:
377:
373:
367:
363:
360:
357:
353:
349:
343:
340:
334:
328:
325:
319:
315:
311:
309:
305:
302:
299:
295:
292:
289:
285:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
261:
257:
254:
251:
247:
240:
235:
228:
223:
218:
216:
208:
203:
175:
166:
165:
159:
155:
151:
145:
141:
137:
127:
119:
111:
104:
96:
89:
80:
73:
69:
65:
58:
54:
50:
43:
39:
38:
31:
19:
4164:Austria-Este
3990:Pope Pius IX
3884:Cesare Balbo
3791:Main leaders
3661:Quadrilatero
3581:
3567:Papal States
3529:Risorgimento
3528:
3456:(1861–1946)
3434:Papal States
3367:
3262:Transpadania
2835:Stato da Màr
2732:
2517:Papal States
2428:Lombard rule
2392:Early Modern
2380:(395–476 AD)
2372:Roman Empire
2352:Ancient Rome
2179:
2002:
1738:
1456:
1437:
1426:. Retrieved
1422:the original
1412:
1401:. Retrieved
1399:(in Italian)
1396:
1387:
1376:. Retrieved
1374:(in Italian)
1371:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1334:
1327:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1290:
1175:
1151:
1137:Castellarano
1097:La Concordia
1030:
933:
918:
879:
831:
791:Ferdinand II
777:In the 1628
776:
737:
723:Papal States
699:Borso d'Este
692:
675:Austria-Este
634:
632:
444:Succeeded by
443:
438:
327:Borso d'Este
212:
207:Popular Hymn
206:
202:Royal anthem
201:
173:
157:
140:Motto:
139:
3914:Ugo Foscolo
3696:Crimean War
3629:Young Italy
3482:(1947–1954)
3476:(1943–1945)
3470:(1920–1924)
3462:(1882–1960)
3446:unification
3436:(1814–1870)
3430:(1815–1866)
3424:(1816–1861)
3418:(1814–1860)
3412:(1859–1860)
3406:(1849–1850)
3400:(1848–1849)
3382:(1815–1859)
3376:(1814–1859)
3370:(1814–1859)
3364:(1814–1829)
3358:(1815–1847)
3352:(1815–1848)
3242:Parthenopea
3203:(1792–1815)
3161:(1647–1648)
3127:(1282–1816)
3109:(1324–1861)
3070:Agugliastra
2935:Longobardia
2572:independent
2422:Vandal rule
2058:Anna Sforza
1351:21 February
1190:Before 1830
1109:(1737) and
1095:(1645) and
1087:Marquis of
1061:(1829) and
1053:Duke of La
934:During the
705:and nearby
679:Renaissance
439:Preceded by
342:Francesco V
169:(From 1815)
4128:Categories
4113:Third Rome
3313:Pontecorvo
3271:Monarchies
3257:Subalpinia
3222:Cispadania
3217:Cisalpinia
3199:Napoleonic
2906:(774–1139)
2818:(697–1797)
2520:(754–1870)
2482:(584–751)
2430:(568–774)
1428:2012-08-16
1403:2022-04-23
1397:www.ibs.it
1378:2022-04-23
1282:References
1219:After 1830
1089:Montecchio
1002:Garfagnana
894:Francis IV
888:after the
886:Napoleon I
870:Francis II
838:Ercole III
764:Alfonso II
419:Population
297:Government
4098:Redshirts
3983:Opponents
3614:Carbonari
3288:Guastalla
3278:Benevento
3210:Republics
3065:Judicates
2913:Byzantine
2570:and other
2508:(585–698)
2500:(554–752)
2494:(554–752)
2488:(533–751)
2473:(584–751)
2424:(435–534)
2418:(493–553)
2412:(476–493)
2403:(476–774)
2337:Iapygians
1306:Mariani.
1254:1830–1859
1158:Francis V
1107:Novellara
1093:Scandiano
1074:Correggio
1063:Guastalla
1055:Mirandola
1007:Lunigiana
992:Guastalla
966:in 1861.
944:Francis V
902:Lunigiana
864:Archduke
787:Correggio
754:. In the
721:with the
685:periods.
287:Religion
93:1814–1859
91:1452–1796
3601:Timeline
3247:Piedmont
3097:Oristano
3090:Logudoro
3080:Cagliari
3055:Sardinia
2788:Piedmont
2537:Holy See
2388:Medieval
2342:Picentes
2285:Samnites
1790:, first
1510:, first
1445:Archived
1260:See also
1156:, since
1141:Rodeglia
1139:(1752),
1135:(1752),
1131:(1710),
1127:(1373),
1125:Sassuolo
1123:Lord of
1076:(1635),
1057:(1710),
1046:Duke of
1035:Duke of
997:Frignano
914:suo jure
850:Breisgau
834:Napoleon
823:Habsburg
740:Ercole I
711:margrave
693:In 1452
4019:Museums
3770:Symbols
3328:Corsica
3318:Tuscany
3283:Etruria
3232:Liguria
3085:Gallura
3075:Arborea
2991:Lombard
2691:Tuscany
2681:Trieste
2317:Ligures
2278:Etruria
1120:, 1726)
1118:Hungary
1113:(1737),
1111:Bagnolo
1084:(1829),
1082:Carrara
1048:Ferrara
1016:Carrara
948:Tuscany
858:Germany
799:Rinaldo
797:, Duke
683:Baroque
655:Emilian
639:Italian
429:605,000
380:•
330:(first)
278:Emilian
272:Italian
249:Capital
158:Anthem:
79:Emilian
64:Italian
4169:Modena
3394:(1848)
3388:(1831)
3343:states
3308:Naples
3018:Norman
2825:Dogado
2696:Verona
2661:Mantua
2656:Istria
2636:Finale
2626:Ancona
2574:states
2394:states
2312:Veneti
2290:Latins
1342:
1099:(1710)
1065:(1847)
1037:Modena
982:Reggio
976:Modena
803:French
748:Titian
703:Modena
345:(last)
312:
253:Modena
160:
75:
60:
45:
4076:Other
3444:Post-
3293:Italy
3237:Lucca
3227:Italy
2778:Savoy
2686:Turin
2666:Milan
2651:Ivrea
2327:Umbri
2300:Celts
1070:Carpi
1059:Massa
1012:Massa
952:Parma
647:Latin
626:Italy
301:Duchy
266:Latin
150:Latin
49:Latin
3323:Elba
3252:Rome
3201:eras
3197:and
3170:Gozo
2969:Arab
2952:and
2631:Ceva
2295:Osci
2180:None
1442:Star
1353:2011
1340:ISBN
1152:The
1014:and
950:and
929:1848
927:and
925:1831
750:and
681:and
633:The
410:1859
397:1814
387:1796
374:1452
308:Duke
2390:and
1105:of
4130::
2001:*
1395:.
1370:.
1177:it
916:.
872:.
829:.
657::
653:;
649::
645:;
641::
3553:)
3549:(
3531:)
3519:e
3512:t
3505:v
2251:e
2244:t
2237:v
2036:e
2029:t
2022:v
1991:*
1974:*
1968:*
1951:*
1945:*
1939:*
1772:e
1765:t
1758:v
1737:*
1727:*
1721:*
1704:*
1698:*
1692:*
1686:*
1492:e
1485:t
1478:v
1451:;
1431:.
1406:.
1381:.
1355:.
1180:)
1022:)
1018:(
988:)
984:(
637:(
219:)
211:(
209:"
205:"
176:"
172:"
148:(
81:)
77:(
66:)
62:(
51:)
47:(
20:)
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