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227:(CPR) in 1888 and was operated from 1888 until 1960 as an independently nameplated subsidiary of the CPR. In 1949, a reorganization of the DSS&A took place, creating new heralds and designating the company a railroad instead of a railway. In 1961, the DSS&A was folded into the CPR-controlled
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industry reached the peak of its operations on the Lake
Superior shoreline properties adjacent to the DSS&A's new mainline, shipping old-growth white pine. After white pines were exhausted, local cutters began to turn to high-quality hardwoods such as sugar maple, and then to pulpwoods such as
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iron ore mines in the Upper
Peninsula hills above Marquette encouraged the development of numerous railroad plans for spur lines and connecting routes between mines, local boom towns, and the shores of the Great Lakes. While most of the Upper Peninsula's iron ore and Keweenaw copper was shipped to
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In 1913 the DSS&A's freight operations peaked at almost 1 million short tons (900,000 metric tons), of which more than half were forest products. In the late 1910s, timber yields began to decline all over the Upper
Peninsula. This was a blow from which the DSS&A could not recover as an
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in one year than other sections of the United States east of the
Rockies receive in several years combined. From 1957 through 2005, the average snowfall on the Keweenaw Peninsula has been 241 inches (20.1 ft; 6.1 m) per year. Every winter, the DSS&A had to plow this snow off its
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At the height of the railroad's operations in 1911, the DSS&A operated 623 miles (1,003 km) of track, of which 517 miles (832 km) were main line and 106 miles (171 km) were branch lines and trackage rights. The railroad operated 3,121 pieces of rolling stock, including 82
323:, a 5-mile (8.0 km) long suspension bridge carrying an all-weather hard road across the Straits of Mackinac into the Upper Peninsula. The DSS&A responded by ending its remaining passenger rail service in January 1958. In 1961, its Canadian owners merged it with the
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The
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), a transcontinental line, took control of the Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic in 1888. In 1892-94, CPR funds financed the construction of the DSS&A westward from the Keweenaw Peninsula to Duluth.
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By the 1870s, a maze of corporate charters and tiny stub lines had been created or built in the central Upper
Peninsula, primarily to carry iron or copper ore from the mines down to smelters and docks on the shores of Lake Superior and
291:, who led the rapid consolidation of the DM&M and many of the UP's smaller railroads during the early 1880s. The new Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic went into operation as a merger of these lines in December 1886.
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The DSS&A's thinly settled service area made it difficult for the railroad to raise adequate revenue to maintain its trackage in good condition, especially in winter. The region served by the railroad receives more
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the rest of the United States by lake boat, the inability of water-based shippers to offer service to northern
Michigan in winter encouraged railroad promoters to launch numerous plans for lines in the Upper Peninsula.
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on the struggling railroad, such as "Dead Slow
Service & Agony" and "Damn Slow, Shabby Affair". Dissatisfied workers, meanwhile, suggested that the railroad's initials stood for "Damn Small Salary & Abuse".
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independent nameplate. Its story from 1920 onwards was that of the
American railway industry as a whole, with negative factors intensified by unfavorable local business conditions in northern Michigan.
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235:(CN). Short stretches of original DSS&A trackage are still operated between Trout Lake and Munising Junction, from Ishpeming to Baraga, and between White Pine and Marengo Junction.
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meet the revenue specifications for Class I status, but are not technically Class I railroads due to being passenger-only railroads with no freight component.
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280:(5,300 km) of state land, almost 9000 acres-per-mile (23 km/km) as a construction subsidy, by 1886 the new DM&M went into receivership.
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However, the DSS&A's allegedly poor-quality service throughout much of the 20th century inspired angry customers to impose several uncomplimentary
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The DSS&A's own "official" nickname for itself was "South Shore", referring to the railroad line's route along the south shore of Lake
Superior.
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The Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway: A History of the Lake Superior District's Primary Iron Ore Hauler
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264:. In 1879-81, venture capitalists led the construction of the Detroit, Mackinac & Marquette (DM&M), a
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The first predecessor of the DSS&A began operations in 1855. The railroad fell under the control of the
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231:. Since 2001, the remaining operating trackage of the former DSS&A has been operated by the
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preserves a 26-mile (42 km) section of roadbed from St. Ignace to Trout Lake.
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276:. Although the state of Michigan granted the DM&M more than 1.3 million
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locomotives, 67 passenger cars, 35 cabooses, and 2,957 freight cars.
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441:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 349.
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Parts of the former DSS&A alignment have been converted to
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540:
Along the Bowstring, or South Shore of Lake Superior
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283:The DM&M was reorganized by venture capitalist
28:A former Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway
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613:Wisconsin, Sault Ste. Marie and Mackinac Railway
543:. New York: Press of the American Bank Note Co.
462:"Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic Railway".
2146:Former Class I railroads in the United States
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2166:Transportation in Marquette County, Michigan
2151:Predecessors of the Canadian Pacific Railway
2181:Transportation in Houghton County, Michigan
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644:Marquette, Houghton and Ontonagon Railroad
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509:"Humorous Nicknames of Michigan Railroads"
325:Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie
319:In 1957, the State of Michigan opened the
22:
2186:American companies disestablished in 1961
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500:
212:, with two branches extending further to
32:locomotive leads a photo charter for the
2141:Railway companies disestablished in 1949
599:Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway
561:Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway
491:United States Department of the Interior
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358:
242:
200:. A branchline stretched northward from
151:Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway
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17:Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway
639:Lake Michigan and Lake Superior Railway
623:Sault Ste. Marie and Marquette Railroad
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327:, and the DSS&A became part of the
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2136:Railway companies established in 1887
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631:Duluth, Superior and Michigan Railway
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483:Establishing Trails on Rights-of-Way
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13:
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14:
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268:mainline from St. Ignace, on the
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402:
251:The development in the 1850s of
618:Mackinaw and Marquette Railroad
649:Marquette and Western Railroad
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1:
597:Constituent companies of the
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34:Lake Superior Railroad Museum
369:Mid-Continent Railway Museum
7:
2176:Defunct Wisconsin railroads
2171:Defunct Minnesota railroads
2161:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
418:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
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390:St. Ignace–Trout Lake Trail
247:DSSA locomotive, circa 1887
180:. It provided service from
170:Upper Peninsula of Michigan
10:
2202:
2156:Defunct Michigan railroads
437:Gaertner, John T. (2009).
182:Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
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233:Canadian National Railway
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470:(1): 62–72. Spring 1969.
373:North Freedom, Wisconsin
335:Nicknames and challenges
225:Canadian Pacific Railway
145:1916 map of the railroad
507:Barnett, LeRoy (2018).
308:paper birch and aspen.
657:Mineral Range Railroad
537:Ralph, Julian (1891).
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363:A preserved DSS&A
303:During the 1890s, the
248:
146:
513:michiganrailroads.com
362:
246:
218:Lake Linden, Michigan
144:
563:at Wikimedia Commons
239:Independent railroad
186:St. Ignace, Michigan
270:Straits of Mackinac
208:and terminating at
194:Superior, Wisconsin
190:Marquette, Michigan
188:, westward through
51:Marquette, Michigan
18:
377:
249:
210:Houghton, Michigan
206:Keweenaw Peninsula
202:Nestoria, Michigan
164:) was an American
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81:Dates of operation
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699:Class I railroads
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559:Media related to
448:978-0-253-35192-0
229:Soo Line Railroad
214:Calumet, Michigan
198:Duluth, Minnesota
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1403:SOO/MStP&SSM
1248:NKP/ NYC&StL
1203:MILW/CMStP&P
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262:Lake Michigan
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176:shoreline of
175:
174:Lake Superior
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128:1,435 mm
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2104:1977–present
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859:1956–present
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516:. Retrieved
512:
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204:, up to the
168:serving the
161:
154:
150:
148:
47:Headquarters
1909:PCC&STL
1794:KCM&OTX
1579:CCC&STL
481:Lennon, J.
386:rail trails
105:Track gauge
2130:Categories
2024:TSTL&W
1989:SLIM&S
1649:CP&STL
1238:NC&STL
1008:CSPM&O
968:CNO&TP
933:CAR&NW
424:References
344:backronyms
2099:1930–1976
2094:1910–1929
1984:SLB&M
1979:SJ&GI
1969:SFP&P
1959:SB&NY
1954:SA&AP
1874:NYP&N
1869:NOT&M
1859:NJ&NY
1809:LS&MS
1799:LA&SL
1789:KCM&O
1764:HE&WT
1744:GH&SA
1739:GC&SF
1734:FW&RG
1709:EP&SW
1699:DNW&P
1679:DGH&M
1664:CR&NW
1659:CRI&G
1629:CM&PS
1559:BSL&W
1524:A&STL
1373:SD&AE
1293:NYO&W
1258:NO&NE
1253:NYS&W
1233:M&STL
1058:D&TSL
1048:DSS&A
1043:D&RGW
1038:DM&IR
896:AT&SF
518:April 25,
178:Wisconsin
155:DSS&A
99:Technical
89:Successor
75:Wisconsin
2087:Timeline
2074:Y&MV
2054:W&LE
2049:WJ&S
2044:VS&P
2019:T&OC
2009:T&FS
2004:T&BV
1974:S&IE
1964:SD&A
1949:PS&N
1944:P&SF
1904:PB&W
1889:OR&L
1829:M&NA
1819:MD&V
1804:LE&W
1769:H&TC
1759:G&SI
1754:GR&I
1749:GM&N
1729:FS&W
1724:FJ&G
1719:F&CC
1714:E&TH
1704:D&SL
1694:DM&N
1684:D&IR
1619:CL&N
1614:CI&W
1609:CI&S
1594:CH&D
1569:CA&C
1549:BR&P
1534:BC&A
1529:BA&P
1509:AB&C
1504:AB&A
1492:pre-1956
1453:TP&W
1443:T&NO
1418:SP&S
1343:QA&P
1333:RF&P
1323:P&WV
1303:P&LE
1218:MN&S
1178:LS&I
1173:L&NE
1153:L&HR
1143:KO&G
1118:GS&F
1108:GM&O
1098:GB&W
1088:FW&D
1068:EJ&E
1063:DW&P
1053:DT&I
1033:DL&W
1023:C&WC
973:C&NW
958:C&IM
943:C&EI
938:CB&Q
913:B&AR
908:A&WP
891:AT&N
876:AC&Y
396:See also
356:tracks.
353:snowfall
329:Soo Line
253:hematite
172:and the
166:railroad
124: in
93:Soo Line
71:Michigan
42:Overview
2116:italics
2029:U&D
2014:T&N
1939:P&S
1924:P&E
1834:M&O
1824:M&I
1689:D&M
1599:C&I
1589:C&G
1584:C&E
1574:C&C
1564:C&A
1554:B&S
1539:B&G
1519:A&D
1448:T&P
1353:S&A
1348:RI/CRIP
1308:P&N
1273:N&W
1168:L&N
1163:L&M
1148:L&A
1103:G&F
1018:C&W
998:C&S
978:C&O
928:B&O
918:B&M
707:Current
388:. The
367:at the
289:Detroit
119:⁄
36:in 2009
1393:SLSFTX
852:Former
819:Mexico
782:Canada
445:
380:Legacy
365:boxcar
305:timber
216:, and
196:, and
184:, and
67:Locale
1999:SSWTX
1994:SOUMS
278:acres
192:, to
2039:VAND
2034:UTAH
1934:PRDG
1899:OWRN
1879:OCAA
1854:NCRY
1779:ICRY
1674:CVRR
1654:CPVT
1644:CNOR
1639:CNNE
1604:CINN
1388:SLSF
1383:SIRT
1318:PRSL
1288:NYCN
1078:ERIE
983:CPME
886:ASAB
832:KCSM
827:CPKC
795:CPKC
745:CPKC
730:BNSF
724:AMTK
653:1949
635:1890
627:1887
609:1886
520:2018
443:ISBN
149:The
30:RS-1
2064:WSN
2059:WPT
1914:PCO
1894:OSL
1844:MTR
1839:MSC
1784:IGN
1669:CRP
1634:CNE
1544:BRI
1468:WAB
1458:VGN
1433:TFM
1423:SSW
1408:SOU
1368:SCL
1363:SBD
1358:SAL
1338:RUT
1328:RDG
1313:PRR
1283:NYC
1278:NWP
1223:MON
1213:MKT
1208:MIS
1193:MGA
1188:MEC
1138:ITC
1133:ICG
1123:GTW
1083:FEC
993:CRR
963:CNJ
953:CGW
902:AUT
881:AGS
871:ACL
839:FXE
808:VIA
762:CSX
755:SOO
750:KCS
739:GTC
287:of
162:DSA
62:DSA
2132::
2069:WV
1929:PM
1919:PE
1884:OE
1864:NN
1849:MV
1814:MC
1774:HV
1624:CM
1514:AC
1483:WP
1478:WM
1473:WC
1463:WA
1438:TM
1428:TC
1413:SP
1398:SN
1378:SI
1298:PC
1268:NS
1263:NP
1243:NH
1228:MP
1198:MI
1183:LV
1158:LI
1128:IC
1113:GN
1093:GA
1073:EL
1028:DH
1013:CV
1003:CS
988:CR
948:CG
923:BN
866:AA
800:CP
790:CN
772:UP
767:NS
735:CN
511:.
499:^
489::
485:.
468:53
466:.
371:,
331:.
220:.
157:;
130:)
73:,
1499:A
741:)
737:(
691:e
684:t
677:v
590:e
583:t
576:v
522:.
451:.
375:.
153:(
126:(
121:2
117:1
114:+
112:8
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