678:(reigned 1124â1153). He was closely associated with the royal household for decades, his own descendants forming the landowning dynasties variously known as Uviet(h)s, Eviot(h)s, and Ovioths, with certain lines enduring to the 17th century. Barrows theorises that Uviet the White originally entered Scotland as a companion of Duncan II and that the two shared a similar background, as ambitious knights in the court of William II. His continued support for Duncan's half-brothers points to them inheriting whatever circle of supporters Duncan had formed.
583:
308:, younger brother to Robert. His father, who by then had many sons, appears to have made no effort to obtain Duncan's return. Edward, the eldest paternal half-brother of Duncan, had been designated as heir in his absence. Duncan notably chose to stay with his adoptive culture, partly due to the influence of 15 years of Norman life and partly in pursuit of personal wealth and glory, though he may always have had in mind that one day he would become Scotland's king, like his father and grandfather.
347:(Domnall BĂĄn mac Donnchada), younger brother of Malcolm, to seize the throne. The new monarch represented the interests of "a resentful native aristocracy", driving out the Anglo-Saxons and Normans who had come to the court of Malcolm and Margaret. The event allowed Duncan to lay claim to the throne, attempting to depose his uncle. He had the support of William II, in exchange for an oath of fealty to his patron.
383:, who had ties to the regime of his predecessor. Duncan took advantage, negotiating alliances with these disgruntled supporters of his father's and gaining essential military and financial support for his cause. While William II himself had no intention to join in the campaign, he lent part of the Norman army to the new "warrior-prince". Duncan was able to recruit further
281:, Malcolm submitted to William for Malcolm's lands in England (Cambria and Northumbria) but not for Scotland. Though the facts are not clear, one of the conditions of the agreement may have been that Edgar Ătheling leave the Scottish court. The offering of Duncan, Malcolm's eldest son, as hostage was probably another term of the treaty.
430:
Sending away his support troops soon backfired. The
Lowlands rebels seem to have ceased their activities, but Donald had spent the intervening months rebuilding his army and political support. In November 1094, Donald led his army to the Lowlands and confronted his nephew. On 12 November, Duncan was
250:, the last remaining male member of the English royal family, had fled to Scotland in 1068, seeking protection from the invading Normans. Edgar sought Malcolm's assistance in his struggle against William. The relationship was reinforced when Malcolm married Ătheling's sister, Margaret, in 1071. The
524:. The lack of conflict between Donald III and Magnus III might point to an alliance between them â Magnus offering recognition of Donald's rights to the throne, while Donald would withdraw all Scottish claims to the area. Duncan himself was obviously supported by
565:
managed to hold onto the throne until the 13th century precisely because none of them made the same mistake. He points out that Edgar succeeded in holding the throne for a decade because he continued to depend on aid from his political patrons, William II and
426:
rose against the
Normans. The occupation army fared poorly against a series of ongoing raids. Duncan was only able to maintain the throne by negotiating with the rebels. He agreed to their terms, sending most of his foreign supporters back to William.
535:, only managed to gain the throne due to the intervention of William II, his claims again opposed by most of the Gaels. The effects of Edgar's victory were significant, as Anglo-Saxon laws, institutions, and forms of government were adopted in the
222:
calls Duncan an illegitimate son of
Malcolm III. This account influenced a number of Medieval commentators, who also dismissed Duncan as an illegitimate son. However, this claim is propaganda reflecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by
443:
report that "Donnchad son of Mael Coluim, king of
Scotland, was treacherously killed by his own brothers Domnall and Edmond". As Duncan had no brothers by those names, the text probably points to his uncle Donald and half-brother
421:
The continued presence of a foreign occupation army was naturally resented by much of the local population. Duncan himself had spent most of his life abroad, making him an outsider. Months into his reign, landowners and
508:
who had arrived in
Scotland under the reign of Malcolm III. The descendants of Malcolm were Anglo-Saxons "in all respects, except that of birth". Their claim to power would be alarming at best to the Gaels.
1019:
557:. Hudson feels that Duncan II doomed his own reign by the "fatal move" of sending away his foreign troops, thus divesting himself of his own supporters. He feels that the male-line descendants of
210:, which records the marriage of Malcolm and Ingibiorg, and then mentions "their son was Duncan, King of Scots, father of William". Duncan II got his name from that of his grandfather,
402:. Donald mobilized his own supporters and troops in response. The early phase of the war took place in June, resulting in victory for Duncan. Donald was forced to retreat towards the
492:
viewed the conflict between Donald III and Duncan II as being essentially a conflict between "the Celtic and the Saxon laws of succession". In other words, it was a conflict between
531:
The brief reign of Duncan II, culminating with his death at the hands of his own subjects, attests to his unpopularity. He was a usurper in the eyes of the Gaels. His half-brother
343:. Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Malcolm's queen Margaret died days after receiving the news of their deaths from her son Edgar. The resulting power vacuum allowed
2060:
273:
and
Malcolm's forays in northern England were an obvious threat to William who counter-attacked with a full-scale invasion of southern Scotland in 1072. Malcolm met William in
470:(14th century) finally recorded the better known account of the event, that Duncan was "slain at Monthechin by the Earl of Mernys ... through the wiles of his uncle Donald".
284:
Duncan was raised in the Anglo-Norman court of
William I, becoming familiar with the culture, education, and institutions of his hosts. He was trained as a Norman
1484:
623:, in view of the market place, after a proclamation by the public crier. Her head was struck against the column of the market cross, and her brains dashed out
2053:
1365:
266:. In 1070, possibly claiming he was redressing the wrongs against his brother-in-law, Malcolm responded with a "savage raid" of Northern England.
2046:
431:
ambushed and killed in battle, having reigned for less than seven months. Primary sources are unclear about the exact manner of his death. The
242:
note that the "French went into
Scotland and brought away the son of the king of Scotland as hostage" (by French, the text is referring to the
2838:
500:, Donald being the legitimate heir under the former, Duncan and his brothers under the latter. Donald probably derived his support from the
1477:
694:" and those nobles refusing to swear allegiance to him. Buchanan assesses Duncan as a distinguished and experienced military man, but "
504:
of
Scotland, who formed the majority of the population. His supporters would have had reason to feel threatened by the large number of
390:
By 1094, Duncan was leading a sizeable army, consisting of mercenary knights and infantry. Many of these soldiers probably came from
466:(1867), there is a 13th century entry recording that Duncan was killed by MĂĄel Petair (Malpeder), through the treachery of Donald.
2843:
2828:
1470:
214:. However, Ingibiorg is never mentioned by primary sources written by Scottish and English chroniclers. She might have been a
2848:
1293:
1195:
619:
he same Mac-William's daughter, who had not long left her mother's womb, innocent as she was, was put to death, in the
790:
Poole, From
Domesday Book to Magna Carta, 1087â1216; 2nd ed. (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 265.
1354:
1332:
1275:
1254:
1235:
1217:
1177:
1147:
1129:
1108:
1090:
1057:
356:
111:
439:, was slain by Domnall , son of Donnchadh . That same Domnall, moreover, afterwards took the kingship of Alba." The
387:
from local barons and towns of England. He bought support with promises of land and privilege, estates and titles.
395:
360:
609:. William seems to have served as an acknowledged heir to them for part of their reigns. His descendants the
2818:
2720:
2683:
2006:
274:
793:
636:. Among the witnesses of the charter was someone called "Uuiget". The name is probably a rendering of the
2445:
1817:
1082:
613:
led various revolts against later Scottish kings. The last remaining Meic Uilleim, an infant daughter of
2434:
1807:
2730:
2408:
2376:
1782:
1756:
1501:
562:
300:, Robert released Duncan from custody and had him officially knighted. Duncan was allowed to leave the
251:
224:
2833:
2725:
2520:
2465:
2073:
1897:
1837:
1736:
1493:
1444:
436:
179:
473:
There are two contradictory accounts about the burial place of Duncan II. One reports him buried at
2526:
2515:
2221:
2077:
2069:
1902:
1892:
1701:
340:
1686:
1666:
449:
2495:
2490:
2475:
2450:
1872:
1867:
1847:
1822:
1324:
671:
667:
614:
602:
558:
532:
379:
Donald III had been unable to gain the support of certain landowners and church officials of the
311:
In 1092, hostilities between Malcolm III and William II were ongoing. William managed to capture
183:
20:
2157:
1646:
1030:
Seventh Book, chapter 19â20: Donaldus VIII, surnamed Banus, the 87th King - Duncan the 88th King
2674:
2559:
2505:
2480:
2455:
2440:
2312:
2147:
2001:
1941:
1882:
1862:
1852:
1827:
1812:
1454:
1437:
908:
Annals of Inisfallen, AI1094.4. Online translation, published by the Corpus of Electronic Texts
591:
571:
344:
2617:
895:
835:
2664:
2574:
2554:
2423:
2413:
2403:
2282:
2277:
2250:
2211:
2206:
1986:
1956:
1936:
1797:
1787:
1777:
1013:
962:
856:
803:
727:
525:
459:
455:
305:
297:
288:
and participated in William's campaigns. In 1087, William died, and his eldest surviving son
235:
228:
219:
187:
155:
2369:
2121:
1751:
2823:
2642:
2589:
2579:
2569:
2542:
2460:
2383:
2317:
2272:
2262:
2256:
2245:
2239:
2189:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1951:
1931:
1920:
1908:
1832:
1761:
1636:
1302:
690:
considers Duncan to have been summoned to Scotland by its people, as Donald had alienated "
521:
513:
489:
432:
384:
211:
8:
2669:
2622:
2564:
2500:
2297:
2287:
2267:
2233:
2038:
1991:
1946:
1877:
1306:
994:
675:
606:
598:
540:
536:
497:
368:
328:
278:
191:
123:
1029:
2706:
2344:
2292:
2216:
2025:
2021:
1996:
1626:
1581:
645:
567:
445:
403:
246:). The context of this event was the initial conflict between Malcolm III and William.
1122:
The Irish Identity of the Kingdom of the Scots in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
2339:
2152:
1526:
1350:
1328:
1289:
1271:
1250:
1231:
1213:
1191:
1173:
1143:
1125:
1104:
1086:
1078:
1053:
1045:
474:
380:
324:
312:
301:
118:
100:
2200:
1140:
The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union (until 1707)
247:
2657:
2647:
2537:
2510:
2362:
2194:
2114:
2107:
1926:
1887:
1746:
1681:
1408:
1393:
1370:
649:
629:
582:
551:
The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union, until 1707
440:
293:
239:
135:
1382:
2652:
2397:
2227:
2179:
2169:
2163:
1771:
1566:
1205:
1156:
687:
662:
argues that this "Uuiget" is actually Uviet the White, lord of Treverlen (modern
659:
633:
587:
554:
458:
later reported that Duncan was "murdered by the wickedness of his uncle Donald".
407:
336:
316:
289:
207:
167:
1462:
512:
Skene considered that two foreign rulers played their own part in the conflict.
2750:
2637:
2594:
2548:
2333:
1976:
1521:
467:
320:
195:
1374:
1210:
The Prophecy of BerchĂĄn: Irish and Scottish Highkings in the early Middle Ages
315:, a major settlement of Cumbria. In 1093, William started the construction of
2812:
1531:
1342:
1316:
1066:
1052:, vol. 1 (Reprinted with corrections ed.), Stamford: Paul Watkins,
641:
544:
415:
907:
652:. There was at least one notable landowner of that name in the 11th century
2775:
2532:
1914:
1591:
1263:
1117:
610:
505:
36:
2127:
1691:
2780:
2765:
2350:
1671:
1611:
1576:
663:
637:
411:
391:
255:
215:
145:
1651:
1247:
Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058â1266
692:
all good men who had a veneration for the memory of Malcolm and Margaret
2755:
2745:
2735:
2322:
2184:
1721:
1676:
1621:
1606:
1601:
1546:
1389:
258:. Malcolm probably perceived this move as a threat to his own areas of
54:
2770:
2740:
2327:
2302:
1716:
1711:
1641:
1631:
1596:
1556:
1536:
653:
601:, was a prominent figure during the reigns of Duncan's half-brothers
517:
462:
reported that Duncan was killed, but never states who killed him. In
410:, but his support and authority probably did not extend north of the
2428:
1802:
335:
on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of
2760:
2701:
2307:
2132:
1696:
1661:
1656:
1616:
1571:
1551:
1541:
1516:
1286:
Gothic Kings of Britain: The Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers, 1016â1399
1101:
Anglo-Norman Studies XXV: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2002
493:
399:
698:", he angered his people with his arrogant and imperious manner.
2678:
2584:
1966:
1726:
1586:
1561:
1511:
1074:
730:
say he "was slain with his son in an unguarded moment in battle".
423:
332:
263:
259:
243:
130:
930:
928:
2470:
2418:
2142:
2137:
1842:
1792:
1170:
The Kingship of the Scots 842â1292: Succession and Independence
620:
285:
270:
1363:
Duncan, A.A.M. (2004). "Duncan II (b. before 1072, d. 1094)".
539:. All were "in imitation of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms", before
2390:
1766:
1706:
940:
925:
501:
398:. In the early summer, Duncan led his army in an invasion of
696:
being a military man and not so skilful in the arts of peace
2174:
478:
2068:
528:, who lent him "a numerous army of English and Normans".
414:. His continued power was reliant on the presence of his
254:
also involved William securing control over the areas of
269:
The formal link between the royal house of Scotland and
617:
or one of his sons, was put to death in 1229 or 1230: "
887:
885:
883:
881:
640:"Wulfgeat", which was also rendered as "Uviet" in the
323:. While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by
1099:
Barrow, G.W.S. (2003), "Companions of the Atheling",
827:
825:
666:). Uviet is known for also signing charters of Kings
448:, though later texts identify a noble by the name of
227:
to undermine the claims of Duncan's descendants, the
1005:
1003:
913:
878:
586:Duncan II as portrayed in a series of portraits at
394:, reflecting the familial association of Duncan to
822:
1492:
1000:
520:, attempting to establish his authority over the
218:or have a marriage not recognized by the Church.
2810:
848:
846:
844:
628:The sole surviving charter of Duncan II granted
319:. Malcolm reacted by leading his last raid into
206:The identity of Duncan's mother is given by the
1050:Early Sources of Scottish History A.D. 500â1286
186:(MĂĄel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife
2054:
1478:
841:
644:. The name seems to have been popular in the
435:report that "Donnchadh son of Mael Coluim ,
1369:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1301:
946:
934:
768:
766:
570:, who had resources far surpassing those of
2621:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the
2798:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics.
2061:
2047:
1485:
1471:
901:
1349:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
1172:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
809:
775:
763:
632:and its surrounding area to the monks of
1288:, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland,
1244:
1225:
1185:
1155:
1044:
1025:
990:
872:
757:
581:
1366:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1315:
784:
2811:
1283:
1204:
1167:
1098:
1071:Kingship and Unity, Scotland 1000â1306
1065:
1009:
978:
919:
891:
852:
831:
799:
749:
553:includes a history of the Kingship by
516:and his fleet were campaigning at the
331:, whose lands he had devastated, near
2042:
1466:
1137:
1116:
958:
772:Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 606.
753:
234:Duncan was given into the keeping of
19:"Duncan II" redirects here. See also
2839:Scottish people of Norwegian descent
1262:
974:
868:
1268:David I: The King Who Made Scotland
781:Horspool, The English Rebel, p. 10.
452:(Malpeder) as the actual murderer.
13:
1038:
374:
363:. The marriage is recorded in the
178:; c. 1060 â 12 November 1094) was
14:
2860:
1321:Anglo-Saxon England Third Edition
484:
464:Chronicle of the Picts and Scots
304:. He chose to join the court of
2098:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603
1392:at the official website of the
1311:, Stirling, Scotland: E. Mackay
1249:, East Linton: Tuckwell Press,
984:
968:
952:
862:
720:
543:(reigned 1124â1153) introduced
367:. They had a single known son,
2844:11th-century Scottish monarchs
2829:11th-century murdered monarchs
2095:Monarchs of England until 1603
1212:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
1163:(English translation ed.)
1142:, Edinburgh University Press,
743:
708:
361:Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria
1:
1494:Pictish and Scottish monarchs
1305:; MacBain, Alexander (1902),
737:
717:is the Mediaeval Gaelic form.
681:
547:institutions to the country.
406:. Duncan was crowned king at
201:
2849:Burials at Dunfermline Abbey
1383:UK public library membership
1245:McDonald, R. Andrew (2003),
172:Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim
7:
2705:British monarchs after the
1308:The Highlanders of Scotland
1083:University of Toronto Press
977:, pp. 60, 71, 73â74.;
597:Duncan's son by Ethelreda,
477:, the other at the isle of
350:
10:
2865:
1284:Potter, Philip J. (2009),
1226:Huscroft, Richard (2004).
252:Norman conquest of England
238:in 1072 as a hostage. The
18:
2793:
2716:
2700:
2696:
2633:
2616:
2612:
2089:
2085:
2015:
1735:
1500:
1451:
1442:
1434:
1429:
1402:
1161:Rerum Scoticarum Historia
993:, p. 46 quoting the
817:Ruling England, 1042â1217
674:(reigned 1107â1124), and
577:
151:
141:
129:
117:
107:
95:
80:
72:
68:
60:
50:
46:May 1094â12 November 1094
42:
35:
30:
1347:The Kingdom of the Scots
1228:Ruling England 1052â1216
1186:Horspool, David (2009).
1138:Brown, Ian, ed. (2007),
947:Skene & MacBain 1902
935:Skene & MacBain 1902
715:Donnchad mac MaĂl Coluim
701:
357:Ethelreda of Northumbria
164:Donnchad mac MĂĄel Coluim
112:Ethelreda of Northumbria
1325:Oxford University Press
1168:Duncan, A.A.M. (2002),
1124:, Woodbridge: Boydell,
533:Edgar, King of Scotland
21:Duncan II, Earl of Fife
1502:Monarchs of the Picts
594:
345:Donald III of Scotland
1737:Monarchs of the Scots
1404:Duncan II of Scotland
1375:10.1093/ref:odnb/8210
1303:Skene, William Forbes
728:Annals of Innisfallen
670:(reigned 1097â1107),
585:
526:William II of England
460:Florence of Worcester
456:William of Malmesbury
450:MĂĄel Petair of Mearns
306:William II of England
298:Florence of Worcester
236:William the Conqueror
220:William of Malmesbury
188:Ingibiorg Finnsdottir
156:Ingibiorg Finnsdottir
2675:William III & II
2240:Henry the Young King
2190:Edward the Confessor
2158:Ăthelred the Unready
1818:Constantine III (IV)
1783:Constantine II (III)
574:and his supporters.
522:Kingdom of the Isles
514:Magnus III of Norway
490:William Forbes Skene
433:Annals of Inisfallen
212:Duncan I of Scotland
16:King of Alba in 1094
2819:11th-century births
2623:Union of the Crowns
1848:Malcolm III Canmore
1230:. London: Longman.
1206:Hudson, Benjamin T.
1190:. London: Penguin.
995:Lanercost Chronicle
875:, pp. 114â115.
871:, pp. 37â38.;
760:, pp. 117â119.
599:William fitz Duncan
537:Kingdom of Scotland
498:hereditary monarchy
416:Anglo-Norman allies
369:William fitz Duncan
329:Earl of Northumbria
279:Treaty of Abernethy
277:. In the resulting
192:Thorfinn Sigurdsson
124:William fitz Duncan
2707:Acts of Union 1707
2670:James II & VII
2363:Kenneth I MacAlpin
2148:Edgar the Peaceful
1921:Second Interregnum
1888:William I the Lion
1757:Constantine I (II)
1747:Kenneth I MacAlpin
1270:, Stroud: Tempus,
1046:Anderson, Alan Orr
752:, pp. 54â55;
595:
568:Henry I of England
404:Scottish Highlands
2806:
2805:
2789:
2788:
2692:
2691:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2153:Edward the Martyr
2036:
2035:
1909:First Interregnum
1461:
1460:
1452:Succeeded by
1381:(Subscription or
1295:978-0-7864-4038-2
1197:978-0-670-91619-1
1188:The English Rebel
1103:, Boydell Press,
981:, pp. 59â60.
949:, pp. 83â84.
937:, pp. 82â83.
475:Dunfermline Abbey
381:Scottish Lowlands
341:Battle of Alnwick
325:Robert de Mowbray
302:Duchy of Normandy
292:succeeded him as
161:
160:
101:Dunfermline Abbey
2856:
2834:House of Dunkeld
2698:
2697:
2658:Richard Cromwell
2648:The Protectorate
2638:James I & VI
2614:
2613:
2195:Harold Godwinson
2115:Edward the Elder
2108:Alfred the Great
2092:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2020:also monarch of
1487:
1480:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1435:Preceded by
1425:
1424:12 November 1094
1418:
1409:House of Dunkeld
1400:
1399:
1394:British monarchy
1386:
1378:
1359:
1338:
1312:
1298:
1280:
1259:
1241:
1222:
1201:
1182:
1164:
1157:Buchanan, George
1152:
1134:
1113:
1095:
1062:
1033:
1023:
1017:
1007:
998:
988:
982:
972:
966:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
889:
876:
866:
860:
850:
839:
829:
820:
813:
807:
797:
791:
788:
782:
779:
773:
770:
761:
747:
731:
724:
718:
712:
650:Southern England
441:Annals of Ulster
365:Cronicon CumbriĂŠ
294:Duke of Normandy
240:Annals of Ulster
182:. He was son of
174:; anglicised as
91:12 November 1094
90:
88:
28:
27:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2785:
2712:
2688:
2653:Oliver Cromwell
2629:
2604:
2599:
2446:Constantine III
2355:
2180:Harold Harefoot
2170:Edmund Ironside
2081:
2076: and
2067:
2037:
2032:
2019:
2011:
1738:
1731:
1687:Constantine (I)
1567:Galam Cennalath
1503:
1496:
1491:
1457:
1448:
1440:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1380:
1362:
1357:
1341:
1335:
1296:
1278:
1257:
1238:
1220:
1198:
1180:
1150:
1132:
1111:
1093:
1060:
1041:
1039:Further reading
1036:
1024:
1020:
1008:
1001:
989:
985:
973:
969:
957:
953:
945:
941:
933:
926:
918:
914:
906:
902:
890:
879:
867:
863:
851:
842:
830:
823:
814:
810:
798:
794:
789:
785:
780:
776:
771:
764:
756:, p. 196;
748:
744:
740:
735:
734:
725:
721:
713:
709:
704:
688:George Buchanan
686:The history of
684:
660:G. W. S. Barrow
621:burgh of Forfar
588:Holyrood Palace
580:
555:Benjamin Hudson
487:
377:
375:Reign and death
355:Duncan married
353:
337:Bamburgh Castle
317:Carlisle Castle
296:. According to
290:Robert Curthose
208:Orkneyinga saga
204:
103:
86:
84:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2862:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2549:Edward Balliol
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2409:Constantine II
2406:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2337:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2201:Edgar Ătheling
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2083:
2082:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
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1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1430:Regnal titles
1427:
1426:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1360:
1355:
1343:Barrow, G.W.S.
1339:
1333:
1317:Stenton, Frank
1313:
1299:
1294:
1281:
1276:
1260:
1255:
1242:
1236:
1223:
1218:
1202:
1196:
1183:
1178:
1165:
1153:
1148:
1135:
1130:
1114:
1109:
1096:
1091:
1067:Barrow, G.W.S.
1063:
1058:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1018:
999:
983:
967:
951:
939:
924:
912:
900:
877:
861:
840:
821:
808:
792:
783:
774:
762:
741:
739:
736:
733:
732:
719:
706:
705:
703:
700:
683:
680:
579:
576:
563:Saint Margaret
486:
485:Interpretation
483:
468:John of Fordun
376:
373:
359:, daughter of
352:
349:
321:Northumberland
248:Edgar Ătheling
203:
200:
196:earl of Orkney
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
97:
93:
92:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2861:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:Alexander III
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
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2449:
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2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
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2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2377:Constantine I
2374:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Alexander III
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1739:(traditional)
1734:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:Galan Erilich
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1504:(traditional)
1499:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1356:0-7486-1803-1
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1334:0-19-821716-1
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1277:0-7524-2825-X
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:Oram, Richard
1261:
1258:
1256:1-86232-236-8
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1237:0-582-84882-2
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1219:0-313-29567-0
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1179:0-7486-1626-8
1175:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:9780748616152
1145:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1131:0-85115-375-5
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:Broun, Dauvit
1115:
1112:
1110:0-85115-941-9
1106:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1092:0-8020-6448-5
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:1-871615-03-8
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1031:
1027:
1026:Buchanan 1582
1022:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
996:
992:
991:McDonald 2003
987:
980:
976:
971:
964:
960:
955:
948:
943:
936:
931:
929:
922:, p. 92.
921:
916:
909:
904:
897:
893:
888:
886:
884:
882:
874:
873:Anderson 1990
870:
865:
858:
854:
849:
847:
845:
837:
833:
828:
826:
818:
812:
805:
801:
796:
787:
778:
769:
767:
759:
758:Anderson 1990
755:
751:
746:
742:
729:
723:
716:
711:
707:
699:
697:
693:
689:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:Domesday Book
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
622:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
593:
589:
584:
575:
573:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
482:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
451:
447:
442:
438:
434:
428:
425:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
221:
217:
213:
209:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
168:Modern Gaelic
165:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
132:
128:
125:
122:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2797:
2776:Elizabeth II
2704:
2620:
2547:
2525:
2516:Alexander II
2485:
2433:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2343:
2332:
2255:
2238:
2226:
2199:
2162:
2120:
2113:
2106:
1919:
1907:
1893:Alexander II
1857:
1592:Gartnait III
1445:King of Alba
1443:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1364:
1346:
1320:
1307:
1285:
1267:
1246:
1227:
1209:
1187:
1169:
1160:
1139:
1121:
1100:
1070:
1049:
1021:
986:
970:
954:
942:
915:
903:
864:
816:
811:
795:
786:
777:
745:
722:
714:
710:
695:
691:
685:
658:
627:
618:
615:Gille Escoib
611:Meic Uilleim
596:
550:
549:
545:Anglo-Norman
530:
511:
506:Anglo-Saxons
488:
472:
463:
454:
437:king of Alba
429:
420:
389:
378:
364:
354:
310:
283:
268:
233:
229:Meic Uilleim
205:
180:King of Alba
175:
171:
163:
162:
37:King of Alba
25:
2824:1094 deaths
2781:Charles III
2766:Edward VIII
2496:Alexander I
2476:Malcolm III
2451:Kenneth III
2351:Elizabeth I
2313:Richard III
1873:Alexander I
1823:Kenneth III
1774:(uncertain)
1672:Talorgan II
1637:Nechtan III
1612:Gartnait IV
1577:Gartnait II
1012:, pp.
1010:Barrow 2003
979:Duncan 2002
961:, pp.
920:Hudson 1996
894:, pp.
892:Potter 2009
853:Barrow 1981
834:, pp.
832:Potter 2009
800:Barrow 1981
750:Duncan 2002
672:Alexander I
664:Duddingston
638:Old English
630:Tynninghame
590:ordered by
559:Malcolm III
412:River Forth
392:Northumbria
256:Northumbria
190:, widow of
184:Malcolm III
146:Malcolm III
51:Predecessor
2813:Categories
2756:Edward VII
2746:William IV
2736:George III
2665:Charles II
2560:Robert III
2506:Malcolm IV
2481:Donald III
2456:Malcolm II
2441:Kenneth II
2323:Henry VIII
2283:Richard II
2278:Edward III
2212:William II
2185:Harthacnut
2002:William II
1987:Charles II
1942:Robert III
1883:Malcolm IV
1863:Donald III
1853:Donald III
1828:Malcolm II
1813:Kenneth II
1722:Bridei VII
1677:Drest VIII
1622:Bridei III
1607:Talorgan I
1602:Talorc III
1582:Nechtan II
1547:Gartnait I
1455:Donald III
1438:Donald III
1385:required.)
1323:. Oxford:
959:Brown 2007
855:, p.
815:Huscroft,
802:, p.
754:Broun 1999
738:References
682:Reputation
592:Charles II
572:Donald III
396:Gospatrick
202:Early life
87:1094-11-12
64:Donald III
55:Donald III
2771:George VI
2741:George IV
2731:George II
2643:Charles I
2625:from 1603
2575:James III
2555:Robert II
2511:William I
2486:Duncan II
2414:Malcolm I
2404:Donald II
2328:Edward VI
2318:Henry VII
2303:Edward IV
2273:Edward II
2263:Henry III
2246:Richard I
2207:William I
2128:Ăthelstan
1992:James VII
1982:Charles I
1957:James III
1937:Robert II
1858:Duncan II
1788:Malcolm I
1778:Donald II
1717:Ciniod II
1712:Bridei VI
1692:Ăengus II
1642:Drest VII
1632:Bridei IV
1597:Bridei II
1557:Talorc II
1537:Drest III
1522:Nechtan I
1390:Duncan II
975:Oram 2004
869:Oram 2004
654:Yorkshire
603:Alexander
518:Irish Sea
339:, at the
275:Abernethy
216:concubine
176:Duncan II
61:Successor
31:Duncan II
2761:George V
2751:Victoria
2726:George I
2595:James VI
2580:James IV
2570:James II
2543:David II
2538:Robert I
2527:Margaret
2461:Duncan I
2370:Donald I
2308:Edward V
2298:Henry VI
2288:Henry IV
2268:Edward I
2234:Henry II
2133:Edmund I
2122:Ălfweard
2080:monarchs
2074:Scottish
1977:James VI
1962:James IV
1952:James II
1932:David II
1927:Robert I
1903:Margaret
1833:Duncan I
1752:Donald I
1697:Drest IX
1667:AlpĂn II
1662:Ciniod I
1657:Bridei V
1652:Ăengus I
1617:Drest VI
1572:Bridei I
1552:Cailtram
1542:Drest IV
1527:Drest II
1517:Talorc I
1345:(2003),
1319:(1971).
1266:(2004),
1208:(1996),
1159:(1582),
1120:(1999),
1069:(1981),
1048:(1990),
819:, p. 61.
646:Midlands
494:tanistry
424:prelates
400:Scotland
351:Marriage
313:Carlisle
225:Margaret
2679:Mary II
2585:James V
2565:James I
2501:David I
2466:Macbeth
2398:Eochaid
2293:Henry V
2228:Matilda
2222:Stephen
2217:Henry I
2078:British
2072:,
2070:English
2026:Ireland
2022:England
1997:Mary II
1967:James V
1947:James I
1878:David I
1838:Macbeth
1772:Eochaid
1727:Drest X
1647:AlpĂn I
1587:Cinioch
1562:Drest V
1512:Drest I
1417:c. 1060
1079:Buffalo
1075:Toronto
896:127â128
836:126â127
676:David I
541:David I
333:Alnwick
264:Lothian
260:Cumbria
244:Normans
136:Dunkeld
76:c. 1060
2590:Mary I
2471:Lulach
2435:AmlaĂb
2429:Cuilén
2419:Indulf
2345:Philip
2340:Mary I
2143:Eadwig
2138:Eadred
1843:Lulach
1808:AmlaĂb
1803:Cuilén
1793:Indulf
1682:Conall
1420:
1379:
1353:
1331:
1292:
1274:
1253:
1234:
1216:
1194:
1176:
1146:
1128:
1107:
1089:
1056:
634:Durham
578:Legacy
446:Edmund
385:levies
286:knight
271:Wessex
152:Mother
142:Father
108:Spouse
96:Burial
2491:Edgar
2391:Giric
2257:Louis
2164:Sweyn
1868:Edgar
1767:Giric
1707:Uurad
1627:Taran
1449:1094
1422:Died:
1415:Born:
1014:37â39
963:38â39
702:Notes
668:Edgar
607:David
502:Gaels
408:Scone
131:House
119:Issue
43:Reign
2721:Anne
2684:Anne
2677:and
2533:John
2342:and
2334:Jane
2251:John
2175:Cnut
2024:and
2007:Anne
1972:Mary
1915:John
1702:Uuen
1351:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1290:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1232:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1174:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1077:and
1054:ISBN
726:The
648:and
605:and
561:and
496:and
479:Iona
262:and
81:Died
73:Born
2424:Dub
2384:Ăed
1798:Dub
1762:Ăed
1371:doi
625:".
2815::
1327:.
1085:,
1081::
1073:,
1028:,
1002:^
927:^
880:^
857:31
843:^
824:^
804:30
765:^
656:.
481:.
418:.
371:.
327:,
231:.
198:.
194:,
170::
2062:e
2055:t
2048:v
2028:.
1486:e
1479:t
1472:v
1396:.
1377:.
1373::
1337:.
1240:.
1200:.
1032:.
1016:.
997:.
965:.
910:.
898:.
859:.
838:.
806:.
166:(
89:)
85:(
23:.
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