Dutch Americans - Knowledge

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still sent immigrants. Most new arrivals were farmers from remote villages who, on arrival, in America scattered into widely separated villages with little contact with one another. Even inside a settlement, different Dutch groups had minimal interaction. With very few new arrivals, the result was an increasingly traditional system cut off from the forces for change. The people maintained their popular culture, revolving around their language and their Calvinist religion. The Dutch brought along their own folklore, most famously

3221: 1254: 964: 1397: 2528: 3174: 6423: 2961: 2953: 66: 59: 334:, an estimated 3.1 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage, while 884,857 Americans claimed total Dutch heritage. In 2021, 113,634 Dutch Americans were foreign-born (of which 61.5% in Europe). The 2009-2013 survey estimated 141,580 people of 5 years and over to speak Dutch at home, which was equal to 0.0486% of the total population of the United States. In 2021, 95.3% of the total Dutch American population of 5 years and over only spoke English at home. 4821: 4835: 4170: 3914: 3753: 1231: 1162: 1368: 715: 3475: 1068: 4100: 3659: 1091: 3776: 3937: 3891: 3868: 1208: 1185: 3544: 3128: 917: 1000: 3705: 4076: 3682: 3082: 1114: 3406: 877: 3960: 3521: 4123: 3567: 3105: 4052: 3822: 3729: 3613: 3498: 3452: 3383: 3291: 3151: 3059: 1277: 1045: 988: 940: 4146: 4029: 3590: 3314: 3197: 3036: 2990: 1959: 3013: 3245: 3845: 3636: 3360: 2457: 3429: 3268: 1022: 3983: 1338: 607: 895: 862: 4006: 3799: 3337: 619: 1655: 1641:

racially mixed Indos and the American embassy in The Hague was frustrated with the fact that Canada, where ethnic profiling was even stricter, was getting the full-blooded Dutch and the United States was getting Dutch "all rather heavily dark". Still in 1960 senators Pastore and Walter managed to get a second two-year term for their act which was used by a great number of Dutch Indos.

1914:, 26th President. Roosevelt is most famous for his personality, his energy, his vast range of interests and achievements, his model of masculinity, and his "cowboy" persona. In 1901, he became president after the assassination of President William McKinley. Roosevelt was a Progressive reformer who sought to move the Republican Party into the Progressive camp. 1595:... They have formed the backbone of officialdom. In general they feel the same loyalty to Holland as do the white Netherlanders. They have full rights as Dutch citizens and they are Christians and follow Dutch customs. This group has suffered more than any other during the Japanese occupation." Official U.S. Army publication for the benefit of 750:(1691–1747) launched a series of revivals that challenge the mainstream church's emphasis on sacraments. Church buildings increasingly followed English rather than historic Dutch models. Politically, however, there was a strong anti-British sentiment that led most of the Dutch to support the American Revolution. One famous Dutch folk hero was 2748:

data, 3,083,041 Americans self-reported to be of (partial) Dutch ancestry, while 884,857 Americans claimed full Dutch heritage. 2,969,407 Dutch Americans were native born in 2021, while 113,634 Dutch Americans were foreign-born, of which 61.5% was born in Europe and 62,9% entered the United

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classified people according to their self-determined ethnic affiliation. The Indos could have therefore been included in overlapping categories of "country of origin", "other Asians," "total foreign", "mixed parentage", "total foreign-born" and "foreign mother tongue". However the Indos that settled

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The Dutch economy of the 1840s was stagnant and much of the motivation to emigrate was economic rather than political or religious. The emigrants were not poor, as the cost of passage, expenses, and land purchase in America would have been substantial. They were not, however, affluent and many would

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After the British takeover, the rich Dutch families in Albany and New York City emulated the English elite and purchased English furniture, silverware, crystal, and jewelry. They were proud of their language, which was strongly reinforced by the church, but they were much slower than the Yankees in

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influence, as settlers from those countries arrived in the 1850s, after California obtained statehood. They drained away swamps and created artificial islands known as polders, constructed dikes to back away the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers flowing into the San Francisco Bay, also turned them

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The original post-war refugee legislation of 1948, already adhering to a strict "affidavit of support" policy, was still maintaining a color bar making it difficult for Indos to emigrate to the United States. By 1951 American consulates in the Netherlands registered 33,500 requests and had waiting

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While the Netherlands was a small country, the Dutch Empire was quite large so emigrants leaving the mother country had a wide variety of choices. New Amsterdam was not high on their list, especially because of the Native American risk. The major Dutch cities were centers of high culture, but they

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In 1958, the Pastore–Walter Immigration Act for the relief of certain distressed aliens was passed allowing for a one-off acceptance of 10,000 Dutchmen from Indonesia (excluding the regular annual quota of 3,136 visas). It was hoped however that only 10% of these Dutch refugees would in fact be

659:. New Amsterdam was settled in 1625. In 1629, Dutch officials tried to expand the northern colony through a plan that promised "Liberties and Exemptions" to anyone who would ship fifty colonists to America at his own expense. Anyone who did so would be allowed to buy a stretch of land along the 1632:

including a slot for 15,000 ethnic Dutch that had at least 50% European blood (one year later loosened to Dutch citizens with at least two Dutch grandparents) and an immaculate legal and political track record. In 1954 only 187 visas were actually granted. Partly influenced by the anti-Western

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The first Dutch settlers lived in small isolated communities, and as a consequence were barely exposed to English. As the Dutch lost their own colonies in North America to the British, the Dutch settlers increasingly were exposed to other immigrants and their languages and the Dutch language

1930:, 32nd President. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. A central figure of the twentieth century, he has consistently been ranked as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents in scholarly surveys. 754:, characterized by being absurdly old-fashioned and out of date, which aimed to instill the establishment of an American culture distinct from British culture. Most farmers focused on providing subsistence for their families; about a third were chiefly oriented to market prices. 2570:

in 2013 and will have one again in 2015 on April 26. It is celebrated by people of Dutch heritage dressed in their Orange clothes and enjoying the sounds of Dutch music and eating typical Dutch foods like kroketten, friet met mayonaise, zoute haring, and other Dutch delicacies.

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setting up schools for their children. They finally set up Queens College (now Rutgers University) in New Jersey, but it quickly became anglicized. They never attempted to start newspapers; they published no books and only a handful of religious tracts annually. Pietist leader

2583:, including Black Dutch-Americans. During the 18th and 19th centuries, many enslaved and free Black people spoke Dutch. New York City and New Jersey had notable Dutch-speaking Black populations during the colonial era and into the 1800s, dating back to the Dutch settlement in 5400:

Yda Schreuder, Dutch Catholic Immigrant Settlement in Wisconsin, 1850-1905 (New York: Garland, 1989); and H. A. V. M. van Stekelenburg, Landverhuizing als regionaal verschijnsel: Van Noord-Brabant naar Noord-Amerika 1820-1880 (Tilburg: Stichting Zuidelijk Historisch Contact,

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preached the first English sermon to the Dutch Reformed congregation in New York City. Ten years later English was introduced in the schools. In Kingston, Dutch was used in church as late as 1808. A few years before, a traveler had reported that on Long Island and along the

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of 1953 adhered to the traditional American policy of minimizing immigrants from Asia. The yearly quota for Indonesia was limited to a 100 visas, even though Dutch foreign affairs attempted to profile Indos as refugees from the alleged pro-communist Sukarno administration.

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The Native Americans were no longer consulted or offered/asked to sell their lands. The Dutch were confronted with a new phenomenon, Native American raids, since the local tribes had now realized that the Dutch were not simply visitors but people set to settle their land.

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In the first half of the twentieth century, the Dutch language was hardly spoken in North America, with the exception of first generation Dutch immigrants. The marks of the Dutch heritage — in language, in reference to historical Dutch people (for example

1904:, 8th President. He was a key organizer of the Democratic Party and the first president who was not of English, Irish, Scottish, or Welsh descent. He is also the only president not to have spoken English as his first language, but rather grew up speaking 5224: 2123:

estimated 141,580 people of 5 years and over to speak Dutch at home, which was equal to 0.0486% of the population in the United States. In 2021, 95.3% of the total Dutch American population of 5 years and over only spoke English at home.

675:, which had vanished in the Dutch Republic but was introduced in North America. The Patroonships were not a success; by 1635, the Dutch West India Company had bought back four of the five patroonships originally registered in Amsterdam. 642:

which had caught fire while sailing on the Hudson in the winter of 1613. The ship was lost and Block and his crew established a camp ashore. In the spring, Block and his men did some explorations along the coast of Long Island.

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The Dutch realized that they had gone with the wrong approach as they offered great privileges to wealthy, not poor, citizens. It was not until 1656 that the Dutch state abandoned its passivity and decided to actively support

2360:, remained a Dutch-speaking community—known locally as "speaking Hollander"—into the twentieth century. As late as 1898, church sermons and event announcements were in Dutch. Dutch newspapers continued in the area—mainly in 5428:

War and Navy Departments of the United States Army, 'A pocket guide to the Netherlands East Indies.' (Facsimile by Army Information Branch of the Army Service Forces re-published by Elsevier/Reed Business November 2009)

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in Orange City, Iowa and Albany, New York; Dutch Days in Fulton, Illinois; Let's Go Dutch Days in Baldwin, Wisconsin; Holland Days in Lynden, Washington; Holland Happening in Oak Harbor, Washington; Holland Fest in

687:. The Dutch state issued a proclamation, which stated that "all mechanics and farmers who can prove their ability to earn a living here shall receive free passage for themselves, their wives and children". 2416:, it was a risky and courageous act. Indeed, angered by Dutch trading and contraband with the rebellious colonies, the British seized the island a few years later. The Dutch recaptured the island in 1784. 5157:"Nieuw Nederland - New Netherland < the United States of America and the Netherlands - George M. Welling < General < Essays < American History from Revolution to Reconstruction and beyond" 5225:"The Dutch in British America < the United States of America and the Netherlands - George M. Welling < General < Essays < American History from Revolution to Reconstruction and beyond" 2151:. In 1847, immigrants from the Netherlands were welcomed in Dutch by the Reverend Isaac Wyckoff upon their arrival in New York. Wyckoff himself was a descendant of one of the first settlers in 2325:), or (d) "ter"/"te"("ten") or "ver", which mean respectively (a) "of" (possessive or locative), (b) "the" (definite article), (c) "of the..." and (d) "at the" ("of the"/"in the") (locative). 5630: 1709:($ 24); most aspects of the story have been called into question by experts. Minuit, a Walloon, was employed by the Dutch West India Company to manage its colony of New Amsterdam, the future 5101:, Deutsch und Germanisch – drei Ethnonyme, drei Forschungsbegriffe. Zur Frage der Instrumentalisierung und Wertbesetzung deutscher Sprach- und Volksbezeichnungen." In: H. Beck et al., 2499:

Festival is celebrated in October in Little Chute, WI. During late November and early December, a Dutch Winterfest is held in Holland, MI, to coincide with the traditional arrival of

2412:. The American crew was delighted when the governor of the island ordered that his fort's cannons be fired in a friendly salute. The first ever given by a foreign power to the 2184:

for places in the United States was common. New York City for example has many originally Dutch street and place names, which date back to the time it was the Dutch colony of

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have been risking most of their wealth on the chance of economic improvement. There were also political pressures at the time that favored mass emigrations of Protestants.

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and the Western Hemisphere. Famous accomplishments of alumni include the Ferris Wheel, Brooklyn Bridge, commercially viable television and radar, and the microprocessor.

2178:) and in reference to Dutch places — can still be seen. There are about 35 Dutch restaurants and bakeries in the United States, most of them founded in the 20th century. 1468:

During the early nineteenth century, large numbers of Dutch farmers, forced by high taxes and low wages, started immigrating to America. They mainly settled down in the

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who became an influential Anabaptist religious leader. Simons was a contemporary of the Protestant Reformers and it is from his name that his followers became known as

569:, meaning "popular" or "of the people"; while all Germanic cognates of the term refer to some Germanic people, they more commonly refer to Germans than Netherlanders. 5057:

Hughes Oliphant Old: The Reading and Preaching of the Scriptures in the Worship of the Christian Church, Volume 6: The Modern Age. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007, p. 606.

4785: 742:. They maintained their distinctive clothing, and food preferences and introduced some new foods to America, including beets, endive, spinach, parsley, and cookies. 6131:

Swierenga, Robert P., "Faith and Family --Dutch Immigration and Settlement in the United States, 1820–1920" (Ellis Island Series.) New York: Holmes and Meyer. 2000.

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to end up in a harsh concentration camp for Europeans run by the Japanese army when it overran the islands. After the war, he immigrated to the United States. His

2164: 1575:(Dutch: Indische Nederlanders) repatriated to the Netherlands. Around 60,000 continued their diaspora to the United States. This particular group is also known as 1523:, Hollandtown, and the outlying farming communities. Whole families and even neighborhoods left for America. Most of these early emigrants were from villages near 5171: 5156: 722:

In the hundred years of British rule that followed the change of ownership of New Netherland, Dutch immigration to America came to an almost complete standstill.

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language group and share several aspects, due to the fact that the birthplaces of both languages (Netherlands and the United Kingdom) are only separated by the

565: 2611:) in 1766. In 1771, there were 34 ministers for over 100 churches. Until 1764, in at least three Dutch churches in New York City, all sermons were in Dutch; 1547:. By contrast, many Protestant agrarian emigrants to Michigan and Iowa were drawn from Groningen, Friesland, and Zeeland; areas known for their clay soils. 1866:

claimed in parliament that "if Sint Eustatius had sunk into the sea three years before, the United Kingdom would already have dealt with George Washington".

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and had complete jurisdiction over their domains as well as extensive trading privileges. They also received these rights in perpetuity. That was a form of

6797: 5725: 7290: 7275: 7029: 5306: 5922: 5661: 2278:. Similarities between Dutch and English are abundant, as an estimated 1% of the English words is of Dutch origin. Examples include the article "the" ( 1591:"Nine tenths of the so called Europeans (in the Dutch East Indies) are the offspring of whites married to native women. These mixed people are called 5115: 2143:

Francis Adrian van der Kemp, who came to the United States as a refugee in 1788, wrote that his wife was able to converse in Dutch with the wives of

5642: 7501: 2720:. In several counties in Michigan and Iowa, Dutch Americans remain the largest ethnic group. In 2020, most self-reported Dutch Americans live in 2444:

of the United States of America. It was also the day that the house he had purchased at Fluwelen Burgwal 18 in The Hague was to become the first

1869:

The Dutch were the first to salute the flag and, therefore, the first to acknowledge the independence of the United States on November 16, 1776.

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These Dutch Indos mainly entered the United States under legislative refugee measures and were sponsored by Christian organizations such as the

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Many of the Dutch heritage festivals that take place around the United States coincide with the blooming of tulips in a particular region. The

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Dutch trade in the New York area led to the establishment of trade posts as early as 1613. Permanent settlers arrived in 1617 at what is now

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Netherlanders in America: A Study of Emigration and Settlement in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries in the United States of America.

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is the other major religion of Dutch Americans. Beginning in 1848, a significant number of Roman Catholics from the Dutch provinces of

2620: 2345:, are now extinct. This is possibly due to the ease of transition from Dutch to English, stemming from a shared linguistic genealogy. 7491: 7129: 4710: 4319:, was a Dutch resistance fighter, spy, and decorated war hero that immigrated to the United States after World War II. Born on 2628: 1808: 5362:"Priest led party of emigrants to Wisconsin's frontier territory:American communities formed close ties with North Brabant villages" 2945:

As of 2020, the distribution of self-reported Dutch Americans across the 50 states and DC is as presented in the following table:

2240:, Dutch for "stream" or "riverbed", including the Catskill Mountains, Peekskill, and the Kill van Kull. Also, the American state of 6411: 4593: 2445: 4238:, a sculptor known as the "cowboy of cowboy artists", is a descendant of the Van Riper family who was early settlers of New York. 2487:, and the Wooden Shoe Tulip Fest in Woodburn, Oregon. Often Dutch heritage festivals coincide with the blooming of the tulip. See 2364:

by Catholic clergymen—were published up until World War I. The only remaining publication that is written exclusively in Dutch is

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derivation. The final report estimated about 3.1% of the U.S. population in 1790 was of Dutch origin, heavily concentrated in the

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as well as New England Yankees). Manhattan grew increasingly multicultural. In 1664, the English seized the colony and renamed it

5772: 4863: 2640: 2624: 702:. The Dutch briefly recaptured the colony in 1673, but during peace talks with the English, they decided to trade it in 1674 for 5889: 2837:, Wisconsin. By the early twentieth century, Little Chute was the largest Catholic Dutch community in the United States. In the 2607:, served by ministers trained in Europe. Schools were few but to obtain their own ministers they formed "Queens College" (now 2236:, just to name a few places. In the Hudson Valley region there are many places and waterways whose names incorporate the word 2023: 6280: 5696: 5671: 5562: 5434: 5307: 5181: 2265: 786: 762: 398: 1995: 805:

immigration quotas in the 1920s; for this task scholars estimated the proportion of names in each state determined to be of

598:. Their initial goal was to find an alternative route to Asia, but they found good farmland and plenty of wildlife instead. 6035: 1844: 690:

Although the Dutch were in control, only about half the settlers were ethnically Dutch (the other half consisted mainly of

5031:"Table S0201 - (Dutch) Selected Population Profile in the United States - 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 7333: 6435: 5308:

American Council of Learned Societies. Committee on Linguistic and National Stocks in the Population of the United States

5293: 2563: 1863: 1858:

During the American war of Independence the Dutch were active allies of the American revolutionaries. From the island of

1713:. The names of some other settlements that were established still exist today as boroughs and neighborhoods of New York: 6313:

Wermuth, Thomas S. "New York farmers and the market revolution: Economic behavior in the mid-Hudson Valley, 1780-1830."

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The Promise of American Life: Social Mobility in a Nineteenth-Century Immigrant Community, Holland, Michigan, 1847-1894.

2695: 7496: 6565: 2632: 2002: 382: 6380: 2801:. These areas are surrounded with towns and villages that were founded by Dutch settlers in the 19th century, such as 2619:'s church used Dutch as late as 1810. Other churches with roots in Dutch immigration to the United States include the 2313:). And in some American family names a couple of Dutch characteristics still remain. Like (a) the prefix "van" (as in 6196: 6004: 5515: 5495: 5475: 5455: 5208: 2937: 2433: 2042: 647:

still bears his name. Finally, they were sighted and rescued by another Dutch ship and the settlement was abandoned.

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The earliest Dutch settlement was built around 1613; it consisted of a number of small huts built by the crew of the

292: 7436: 6693: 4885: 4253: 1976: 358: 5947: 5317: 4920: 2681: 2148: 2009: 747: 75: 5411: 7429: 6285:

Todt, Kim. "'Women Are as Knowing Therein as the Men': Dutch Women in Early America," in Thomas A. Foster, ed.

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Ed. Robert P. Swierenga. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1985. translation of a 1928 Dutch-language book

5729: 4987:"Detailed Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over: 2009-2013" 4346: 2869: 2429: 1980: 1883: 6419: 2396:

As of 1990, November 16 is "Dutch-American Heritage Day". On November 16, 1776, a small American warship, the

7423: 5914: 7346: 5143:"The Rise and Fall of New Netherland - Martin van Buren National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)" 2825:, and places in New Jersey. It is estimated that, by 1927, as many as 40,000 Dutch settlers, primarily from 1991: 1637:

pleaded for a second term of the Refugee Relief Act in 1957 and an additional slot of 15,000 visas in 1958.

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painter, often depicting the human form in violent brush strokes and daring color juxtapositions. Muralist

2334: 1896:

circa 1855. He was the first U.S. President without any British ancestry as he was of entire Dutch descent.

426: 6264:

Roeber, A. G. "Dutch colonists cope with English control" in Bernard Bailyn, and Philip D. Morgan, eds.

5605: 4986: 1705:

obtained the island of Manhattan from the Native Americans in exchange for goods with a total value of 60

1456: 7467: 6686: 5952: 5918: 5631:

Archibald Laidlie and the transformation of the Dutch Reformed church in eighteenth-century New York City

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who settled in Pennsylvania in the colonial era and whose name is a derivation of the Pennsylvania Dutch

248: 5868:"Pinkster King and the King of Kongo: The Forgotten History of America's Dutch-Owned Slaves (Paperback)" 5266:

A. G. Roeber "Dutch colonists cope with English control" in Bernard Bailyn, and Philip D. Morgan, eds.

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The United States of America and the Netherlands, 3/14 The First Dutch Settlers. By George M. Welling. (

5646: 5554: 4772: 4741: 2596: 2516: 2133: 133: 5030: 4953: 2503:; the cultural ancestor of the American Santa Claus." There is an annual Sinterklass festival held in 7393: 7257: 7231: 6787: 6308:

Rip Van Winkle's Neighbors: The Transformation of Rural Society in the Hudson River Valley, 1720-1850

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Rip Van Winkle's Neighbors: The Transformation of Rural Society in the Hudson River Valley, 1720-1850

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The American Declaration of Independence is said to have in many ways been influenced by the Dutch "

6558: 6227: 5142: 4954:"Table B04004 - People Reporting Single Ancestry - 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 4656: 4553: 4312: 4257: 2441: 2409: 1608: 867: 832: 802: 664: 583: 149: 6252:

The Revolutionary War in the Hackensack Valley: The Jersey Dutch and the Neutral Ground, 1775-1783

4483:, changed his middle name from Glen to the preposition to 1965 to honor his Dutch heritage. Actor 7371: 6538: 6397: 4636: 4632: 4202: 2898: 2854: 2850: 2798: 2353: 2322: 2271: 1969: 560: 6290: 5313:

Report of the Committee on Linguistic and National Stocks in the Population of the United States

2757: 7444: 7280: 6543: 6522: 5815: 5580:

The illustrious life and work of Warren G. Harding, twenty-ninth President of the United States

4771:, a theologian, was instrumental in the series of events that precipitated the creation of the 4601: 4561: 4352: 4261: 4249: 4223: 2926: 2774: 2484: 1862:

they gave the Thirteen Colonies one of the few opportunities to acquire arms. In 1778, British

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of about twelve miles, extending as far inland as the owner wanted. The landowners were called

308: 304: 7364: 6186: 5798: 5743: 5311: 5198: 2495:

in Hempstead, New York; and a Holland Festival in Long Beach, California. A traditional Dutch

7357: 7203: 7146: 7044: 6937: 6842: 6596: 5343:"Place Matters: The Social Geography of Dutch-American Immigration in the Nineteenth Century" 4756: 4691: 4463:'s father was of Dutch and Irish heritage, from one of the original families that settled in 4422: 4276: 2894: 2830: 2716:, several tens of thousands of Dutch immigrants joined them, mainly moving to California and 2652: 2016: 1927: 1781: 1497: 449:

were also born to Dutch American families. Today the majority of the Dutch Americans live in

442: 350: 5948:"Table B04006 - People Reporting Ancestry - 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates" 5915:"Table B04006 - People Reporting Ancestry - 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates" 4921:"Table B04006 - People Reporting Ancestry - 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates" 4311:

also lived in the United States, where he founded several cultural institutions. The author

7265: 7141: 7034: 6970: 6952: 6862: 6847: 6622: 5384:"Landverhuizing als regionaal verschijnsel, Van Noord-Brabant naar Noord-Amerika 1820–1880" 5066:

Mark L. Louden: Pennsylvania Dutch: The Story of an American Language. JHU Press, 2006, p.2

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is the largest such festival with other notable gatherings such as the Pella Tulip Time in

2385: 2233: 2225: 1804: 1726: 1604: 969: 824: 252: 2865:, and other surrounding communities, anchored by Reformed churches and Christian schools. 2562:) festival that is celebrated in the Netherlands on April 27 to celebrate the birthday of 2244:

is a surviving example of Dutch influence in Colonial America. In 1614, was christened as

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for additional explanations of some of these festivals. A Dutch Festival is also held at

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in the United States via the legislative refugee measures number at least 25,000 people.

1342: 798: 378: 4801:(1496 – January 31, 1561) was a former Catholic priest from the Friesland region of the 4287:-winning autobiographer and magazine editor. He is also credited with coining the term " 2833:, had immigrated to the United States, with the largest concentrations in the area near 2541:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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A Perfect Babel of Confusion: Dutch Religion and English Culture in the Middle Colonies

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Netherlanders in America: Dutch Immigration to the United States and Canada, 1789-1950.

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Cookies, Coleslaw, and Stoops: The Influence of Dutch on the North American Languages

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Kenney, Alice P. "Neglected Heritage: Hudson River Valley Dutch Material Culture."

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The Dutch American Identity: Staging Memory and Ethnicity in Community Celebrations

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arrived from Indonesia via the Netherlands. After Indonesia, formerly known as the

1143: 840: 769:), had paid three visits to the Netherlands, where he published several pamphlets. 714: 656: 572: 394: 366: 338: 320: 232: 224: 181: 141: 7320: 7304: 7251: 7065: 7024: 6887: 6821: 6728: 6581: 6384: 4848: 4790: 4780: 4768: 4663: 4644: 4476: 4444: 4377: 4372: 4363: 4308: 2580: 2152: 1941: 1852: 1824: 1800: 1735: 1596: 1401: 836: 818: 810: 790: 556: 533: 354: 228: 117: 4729:

was a Hall of Fame rodeo champion known as the "father of modern rodeo." Golfer

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April 19 is Dutch-American Friendship Day, which remembers the day in 1782 when

2408:. Only four months before, the United States had declared its independence from 1791:

Dutch settlers and their descendants in the colonies played active roles in the

1492:

in particular has become associated with Dutch American culture, and the highly

7270: 6803: 6665: 6648: 6586: 6504: 6427: 5893: 5237:

Randall H. Balmer, "The Social Roots of Dutch Pietism in the Middle Colonies,"

4764: 4726: 4572:, presidents of the United States, were not only of Dutch descent but cousins. 4537: 4468: 4464: 4451:

were the lead guitarist and drummer, respectively, and co-founders of the band

4448: 4436: 4412: 4284: 4235: 4231: 3919: 3758: 2910: 2488: 2401: 2253: 2185: 1937: 1905: 1859: 1633:

rhetoric and policies of the Sukarno administration the anti-communist senator

1396: 1372: 1236: 1167: 894: 861: 814: 806: 751: 684: 623: 548: 547:, which means "Pennsylvania Dutch" or "German". Ultimately, the terms Deitsch, 438: 316: 280: 264: 185: 46: 5526:

Richard E. Mooney, "If You Believe They Paid $ 24, Here's a Bridge for Sale",

5508:"De uittocht uit Indie (1945-1995), De geschiedenis van Indische Nederlanders" 5488:"De uittocht uit Indie (1945-1995), De geschiedenis van Indische Nederlanders" 5468:"De uittocht uit Indie (1945-1995), De geschiedenis van Indische Nederlanders" 5448:"De uittocht uit Indie (1945-1995), De geschiedenis van Indische Nederlanders" 5325: 5088:

Irwin Richman: The Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Arcadia Publishing, 2004, p.16.

2566:. The Portland Dutch Society started this annual Dutch Holiday celebration in 7485: 6470: 6084:

The Persistence of Ethnicity: Dutch Calvinist Pioneers in Amsterdam, Montana.

4749: 4718: 4671: 4640: 4628: 4612: 4589: 4541: 4498: 4408: 4393: 4331: 4280: 4175: 4105: 3664: 3480: 2960: 2862: 2826: 2648: 2584: 2381: 2318: 2220:) are adapted after Dutch names or words. And up the river in New York State 2181: 2137: 1840: 1836: 1796: 1730: 1489: 1430: 1096: 1073: 876: 639: 518: 402: 386: 362: 312: 300: 284: 203: 65: 6188:

Remembrance of Patria: Dutch Arts and Culture in Colonial America, 1609-1776

5606:"Mother Tongue of the Foreign-Born Population: 1910 to 1940, 1960, and 1970" 5200:

Remembrance of Patria: Dutch Arts and Culture in Colonial America, 1609-1776

626:(now encompassing parts of what are now New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.) 6746: 6377: 5828: 5592: 5533: 5342: 4798: 4714: 4679: 4503: 4401: 3942: 3896: 3873: 3781: 2834: 2770: 2733: 2713: 2567: 2512: 2397: 2342: 2338: 2241: 2197: 1921: 1816: 1748: 1702: 1680: 1560: 1520: 1493: 1213: 1190: 899: 848: 758: 660: 644: 595: 591: 552: 522: 478: 474: 430: 276: 220: 137: 5799:"26th ANNUAL HOLLAND FESTIVAL 2015 - GEMMRIG PARK, LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA" 6553: 6422: 6296:

Van Lieburg, Fred. "Interpreting the Dutch Great Awakening (1749–1755)."

6025:

Dutch Calvinism in Modern America: A History of a Conservative Subculture

5546: 4875: 4802: 4794: 4730: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4620: 4549: 4522: 4494: 4456: 4397: 4385: 4381: 4304: 4288: 3549: 3133: 2952: 2810: 2709: 2616: 2500: 2475: 2460: 2405: 1722: 1612: 1568: 1511:

Waves of Catholic emigrants, initially encouraged in the 1840s by Father

922: 782: 781:

produced estimates of the colonial American population with roots in the

757:

Dutch Quakers came to the Philadelphia area in response to the appeal of

733: 728: 611: 422: 390: 288: 58: 6301: 6266:

Strangers within the realm: cultural margins of the first British Empire

6210: 5268:

Strangers within the realm: cultural margins of the first British Empire

2256:), meaning "Red Island", referring to the red clay found on the island. 337:

Prominent (partial) Dutch American political figures include Presidents

327:. Further waves of immigration occurred in the 19th and 20th centuries. 6453: 6443: 6318: 6238: 6219:(3 vol. 1993), highly detailed topical coverage of the Dutch colonists. 6034:

edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2014), pp. 35–45.

5242: 4806: 4776: 4760: 4703: 4699: 4417: 4389: 4296: 3710: 3687: 3087: 2725: 2656: 2604: 2559: 2425: 1983: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1832: 1777: 1761: 1536: 1367: 1119: 844: 454: 324: 236: 145: 113: 6275:. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York (2011). 6091:

The Dutch in North America: Their Immigration and Cultural Continuity.

5415: 5257:(3 vol. 1993), gives detailed topical coverage of the Dutch colonists. 4467:. The brothers Ronny, Johnny, and Donnie van Zant, the lead singer of 2761:

Percentage of (partial) Dutch ancestry by county (self-reported, 2000)

1559:

A significant number of Dutchmen emigrated to the United States after

7341: 6678: 6465: 6245:

Landlord and Tenant in Colonial New York: Manorial Society, 1664-1775

4722: 4514: 4452: 4128: 3965: 3526: 3411: 2741: 2660: 2437: 2369: 2357: 2275: 2202: 1718: 1669: 1516: 1485: 1461: 1004: 999: 766: 695: 672: 498: 462: 272: 169: 6205:

Cohen, David Steven. "How Dutch Were the Dutch of New Netherland?."

4479:

had Dutch ancestry. Don Van Vliet, the musician with the stage name

1958: 1940:, 41st and 43rd Presidents, respectively. They count members of the 718:

The Van Bergen farm, 1733, near Albany, New York—distinctively Dutch

7399: 7217: 6929: 6669: 6548: 4509: 4057: 3827: 3618: 3572: 3503: 3457: 3388: 3296: 3156: 3110: 3064: 2906: 2877: 2873: 2721: 2479: 2456: 1714: 1665: 1477: 1473: 1282: 1050: 993: 945: 852: 797:. The government required accurate estimates of the origins of the 703: 691: 490: 482: 466: 450: 414: 406: 157: 129: 6126:

The Dutch in America: Immigration, Settlement, and Cultural Change

2732:. While the highest concentration of Dutch Americans are found in 1948: 606: 6460: 6184: 6136:

Dutchmen on the Bay: The Ethnohistory of a Contractual Community.

5890:"Black New Netherland: Enslavement and Freedom in Dutch New York" 5196: 5129:"The Dutch in New Netherland: The Beginnings of Albany, New York" 4667: 4440: 4380:

have graced the stage and screen for almost a century, including

4151: 4034: 3595: 3319: 3202: 3041: 2995: 2902: 2558:

Lately, many of the larger cities in the U.S. have a King's Day (

2361: 2208: 1773: 1744: 1706: 1515:, emigrated from the southern Netherlands to form communities in 1469: 1259: 668: 537: 494: 470: 458: 446: 161: 125: 121: 6353:

Dutch American Voices: Letters from the United States, 1850-1930

5689:

Origins of the English language: a social and linguistic history

1611:. An accurate count of Indo immigrants is not available, as the 573:

Dutch presence in the present-day territory of the United States

7224: 6373:

Article about Dutch immigration to the United States, 1945–2000

6077:

Freedom on the Horizon: Dutch Immigration to America, 1840-1940

6061:

Goodfriend, Joyce D. Benjamin Schmidt, and Annette Stott, eds.

5842: 5173:

Converging Worlds: Communities and Cultures in Colonial America

5011:

One Nation Under God: Religion in Contemporary American Society

4426: 4415:

who is perhaps best known for her TV roles in such comedies as

4335: 3850: 3641: 3365: 3250: 3018: 2496: 2377: 1740: 1544: 1532: 486: 4517:

ancestors, his family name originating from the Dutch city of

4370:

are of Dutch descent; Dick was famous for the television show

2663:. But even today, Dutch Americans remain majority Protestant. 2196:, meaning Rabbit Island) became more suitable to Anglophones ( 618: 6739: 6494: 6448: 6224:

New Netherland: a Dutch colony in seventeenth-century America

4675: 4596:

from 1993 until 2011. On January 10, 2018, he took office as

4230:

interior designs are still seen today in most of the world's

3988: 3434: 3273: 2932: 1540: 1297: 1027: 772: 502: 6119:

The Forerunners: Dutch Jewry in the North American Diaspora.

6112:

Dutch Catholic Immigrant Settlement in Wisconsin, 1850-1905.

5595:

Wargs.com; William Addams Reitwiesner Genealogical Services.

4744:

pastor who led the Dutch immigrants who founded the city of

2674:

Population of Dutch ancestry by county (self-reported, 2021)

4548:. Stuyvesant's administration built the protective wall on 4320: 4011: 3804: 3342: 2957:

Estimated Dutch American self-reported population by state

2737: 1628:

The 1953 flood disaster in the Netherlands resulted in the

1524: 1481: 1337: 514: 510: 506: 165: 153: 6058:. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario, 1983. 4245:

was once among the richest families in the United States.

594:, who arrived in 1609 and mapped what is now known as the 291:

as from 1830 when the Flemish became independent from the

6042:

History of the Dutch Reformed Church in the United States

5414:. UC Berkeley 'Amerindo' Research Website. Archived from 5383: 4323:

in the Dutch East Indies, he died in his home in Hawaii.

2769:, more than 5 million Americans claimed total or partial 541: 6378:

Little Chute Historical Society, Little Chute, Wisconsin

5747: 2708:

Between 1820 and 1900, 340,000 Dutch emigrated from the

2165:

List of place names of Dutch origin in the United States

299:. Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613 with 5079:, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, p. 241 2881:

into fertile farmlands and set up inland ports such as

1644: 1488:

immigrants desiring more religious freedom immigrated.

4182: 4156: 4133: 4110: 4087: 4062: 4039: 4016: 3993: 3970: 3947: 3924: 3901: 3878: 3855: 3832: 3809: 3786: 3763: 3740: 3715: 3692: 3669: 3646: 3623: 3600: 3577: 3554: 3531: 3508: 3485: 3462: 3439: 3416: 3393: 3370: 3347: 3324: 3301: 3278: 3255: 3232: 3207: 3184: 3161: 3138: 3115: 3092: 3069: 3046: 3023: 3000: 2941:

Population of (partial) Dutch ancestry by state (2021)

1437: 1408: 1380: 1350: 1317: 1287: 1264: 1241: 1218: 1195: 1172: 1149: 1124: 1101: 1078: 1055: 1032: 1009: 975: 950: 927: 6063:

Going Dutch: The Dutch Presence in America, 1609-2009

4789:, an influential work discussing a religious view on 2773:

heritage. They were particularly concentrated around

2333:

Contact between other languages also created various

1944:

and the related Beekman family among their ancestors.

6098:

The Christian Reformed Church: A Study in Orthodoxy.

5582:. the University of Wisconsin - Madison. p. 51. 5490:(Publisher: Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2001) p.256-257 4816: 4611:

In science and technology, inventor and businessman

2841:, there are sizable Dutch communities in and around 2752: 2321:), (c) a combination of the two "van de ..." (as in 6072:

Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1978.

4686:, which is named in his honor. Popular astronomer 4525:also has deep Dutch roots from colonial New York. 4299:escaped from the Nazi-occupied Netherlands to the 2599:date to 1628. By 1740, it had 65 congregations in 2317:), (b) the prefix "de"(/"der"/"des"/"den") (as in 1333: 789:, by scholarly classification of the names of all 5974:"Nederlanders in Amerika", Van Hinte, Assen, 1928 5103:Zur Geschichte der Gleichung "germanisch-deutsch" 2574: 2056:Foreign-born Dutch speakers in the United States 7483: 6271:Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.), 5635: 5510:(Publisher: Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2001) p.258 5470:(Publisher: Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2001) p.255 5450:(Publisher: Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2001) p.254 5337: 5335: 4540:. Stuyvesant greatly expanded the settlement of 4334:is of Dutch descent, with a career spanning six 4256:in Troy, New York, in 1824, which is the oldest 2659:went to create many settlements in northeastern 2419: 2400:, sailed into the harbor of the Dutch island of 2259: 1835:. On the side working with the British included 6362:. 2 vols. Assen, Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1955. 6339:Dutch Americans: A Guide to Information Sources 6325:We Who Built America: The Saga of the Immigrant 6165:We Who Built America: The Saga of the Immigrant 5767: 5765: 5294:"William Penn and the Founding of Pennsylvania" 4643:. Goudsmit was also the scientific head of the 1949:Dutch language and Dutch names in North America 1363: 590:, VOC). It sent explorers under the command of 6143:Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups 5992: 4295:'s father was a Dutch American. Prolific poet 2391: 2155:, who had learned to speak English at school. 2119:gradually started to disappear. The 2009-2013 1920:, 29th President. His mother's ancestors were 1843:(a cousin of General Schuyler), Major General 6694: 6405: 6079:(2009), Emphasis on the Dutch Reformed Church 6054:Ganzevoort, Herman, and Mark Boekelman, eds. 5723: 5332: 4338:. He is best known for his starring roles in 2579:Most Dutch-Americans are white, but some are 706:in South America, which was more profitable. 638:), a Dutch ship under the command of Captain 80:Self-reported (partial) Dutch ancestry (2021) 6360:Dutch Immigrant Memoirs and Related Writings 6185:Blackburn, Roderic H.; Ruth Piwonka (1988). 6158:Dutch emigration to North America, 1624-1860 5762: 5532:, December 28, 1997, sec. 4, p. 2. See also 5376: 5197:Blackburn, Roderic H.; Ruth Piwonka (1988). 4981: 4979: 4977: 4604:was a renowned and prolific shipbuilder and 4072: 582:In 1602, the Dutch government chartered the 6217:Encyclopedia of the North American colonies 6171: 6138:The University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983. 6089:Kroes, Rob, and Henk-Otto Neuschafer, eds. 6032:Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, 5353: 5255:Encyclopedia of the North American colonies 4598:United States Ambassador to the Netherlands 2637:Heritage Netherlands Reformed Congregations 2515:and a parade is held in recognition of the 2451: 2380:, and mailed to subscribers throughout the 1924:, including the well known Van Kirk family. 866:Estimated Dutch American population in the 528:Not included among Dutch Americans are the 303:, which was exchanged with the English for 38: 6701: 6687: 6412: 6398: 5691:(4. ed.). New York, NY: Free Press. 5388:Doctoral thesis, H.A.V.M. Van Stekelenburg 4275:; his most popular creation being that of 3725: 2933:2020 population of Dutch ancestry by state 2712:to the United States. In the aftermath of 1831:, and Major General James Morgan Jr. from 1134: 773:Colonial Dutch American population in 1790 601: 74: 6030:Brinks, Herbert J. "Dutch Americans." in 4974: 4307:friend, fellow camp survivor, and author 4211:was an early Dutch settler of New York's 3217: 2305:that are of Dutch origin, like "cookie" ( 2043:Learn how and when to remove this message 1554: 960: 650: 5968: 5705: 5686: 5300: 4576:was another president of Dutch descent. 2936: 2756: 2455: 2158: 1888: 1455: 793:heads of families recorded in the first 713: 617: 605: 409:, were also of Dutch descent. Governors 315:. The English split the Dutch colony of 6107:The University of Michigan Press, 1955. 6100:Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Books, 1949. 6093:Amsterdam: Free University Press, 1991. 5907: 5736: 5577: 5545: 5359: 4733:has Dutch ancestry through his mother. 4592:served as congressman for the state of 2335:creoles with Dutch as the base language 2270:Dutch and English are both part of the 1733:(named after the Dutch parliament, the 839:—ultimately forming the U.S. states of 7502:European diaspora in the United States 7484: 6708: 5983:"Netherlanders in America" Lucas, 1955 5809: 5726:"Early Dutch Settlements in Wisconsin" 5717: 2913:origin. There is a Dutch community in 283:descent whose ancestors came from the 6682: 6393: 5977: 5942: 5940: 5551:The Trail of Tears and Indian Removal 5169: 4594:Michigan's 2nd congressional district 4425:, a singer and actress, is a star of 2266:List of English words of Dutch origin 1823:. Generals for the patriots included 1799:, most especially descendants of the 1460:Typical Dutch homestead in Northeast 891: 886: 787:American Council of Learned Societies 399:Founding Fathers of the United States 5645:. dutchinamerica.com. Archived from 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4915: 4913: 4911: 2643:. Along with the Reformed churches, 2521: 1981:adding citations to reliable sources 1952: 1648: 1645:Dutch influence on the United States 577: 188:(0.0486% of the total US population) 108:Regions with significant populations 6341:. Gale Research, 1979. Bibliography 6121:Wayne State University Press, 1994. 6086:University of Illinois Press, 1992. 5659: 4864:Netherlands–United States relations 4682:and predicted the existence of the 4493:, was born to a Dutch father and a 4376:. Three generations of Fondas from 4201:For a more comprehensive list, see 2901:which were named for Belgians from 16:Americans of Dutch birth or descent 13: 6345: 6056:Dutch Immigration to North America 6017: 5937: 5925:from the original on July 13, 2022 5170:Breen, Louise A. (June 17, 2013). 2633:Netherlands Reformed Congregations 2328: 801:population as basis for computing 732:(the foundation of the modern-day 191:2009-2013 estimates, self-reported 14: 7513: 6366: 6331: 6273:Exploring Historic Dutch New York 6145:. Harvard University Press, 1980. 6128:. Rutgers University Press, 1985. 5016: 4941: 4908: 4443:to a Dutch expatriate. Musicians 4196: 4164: 2753:2000 population of Dutch ancestry 1295: 588:Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie 427:William Henry Vanderbilt III 293:United Kingdom of the Netherlands 287:in the distant past, or from the 7492:American people of Dutch descent 6421: 5993:Schoone-Jongen, Terence (2008). 4886:Dutch Americans in New York City 4833: 4819: 4254:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 4168: 4144: 4121: 4098: 4074: 4050: 4027: 4004: 3981: 3958: 3935: 3912: 3889: 3866: 3843: 3820: 3797: 3774: 3751: 3727: 3703: 3680: 3657: 3634: 3611: 3588: 3565: 3542: 3519: 3496: 3473: 3450: 3427: 3404: 3381: 3358: 3335: 3312: 3289: 3266: 3243: 3219: 3195: 3172: 3149: 3126: 3103: 3080: 3057: 3034: 3011: 2988: 2959: 2951: 2694: 2680: 2526: 2368:, which is published monthly in 1957: 1807:. Dutch American signers of the 1701:According to tradition, in 1626 1653: 1620:times of 3 to 5 years. Also the 1423: 1395: 1366: 1336: 1301: 1275: 1252: 1229: 1206: 1183: 1160: 1136: 1112: 1089: 1066: 1043: 1020: 998: 986: 962: 938: 915: 893: 875: 860: 92:3,083,041 (0.93%) in combination 64: 57: 6254:Rutgers University Press. 1962. 6049:The Dutch in America, 1609-1974 5986: 5882: 5860: 5835: 5821: 5791: 5680: 5660:Der, Nicoline Sijs van (2009). 5653: 5624: 5598: 5586: 5571: 5539: 5520: 5500: 5480: 5460: 5440: 5422: 5404: 5394: 5318:U.S. Government Printing Office 5286: 5273: 5260: 5247: 5231: 5217: 5190: 5163: 5149: 5135: 5121: 5108: 5091: 2817:. Other Dutch enclaves include 2136:in Albany, Dutch was still the 1968:needs additional citations for 1571:(Eurasian) population known as 1451: 1419: 1391: 1361: 1331: 748:Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen 736:), and created their own as in 709: 564: 319:into two pieces and named them 6051:. (Twayne, 1975); short survey 5666:. Amsterdam University Press. 5643:"Dutch restaurants in the USA" 5082: 5069: 5060: 5051: 5004: 4759:, is greatly studied today in 2885:. Also their communities like 2575:Dutch-American people of color 2511:where Sinterklaas crosses the 2430:president of the United States 1784:which served as the basis for 1668:format but may read better as 435:George Bell Timmerman Jr. 1: 6761:German Mennonites from Russia 4901: 4713:baseball player and two-time 4455:, born to a Dutch father and 2428:, later to become the second 2420:Dutch-American Friendship Day 2348: 2301:There are also some words in 2282:in Dutch), the words "book" ( 2260:English words of Dutch origin 1755:, means "Rabbit Island") and 1500:, centering on the cities of 102:2021 estimates, self-reported 5843:"The Portland Dutch Society" 5687:Williams, Joseph M. (1975). 4552:, and the canal that became 4475:have Dutch ancestry. Singer 2625:Protestant Reformed Churches 2519:'s Dutch cultural heritage. 1420: 785:, in collaboration with the 622:Flag of the Dutch Colony of 19:Not to be confused with the 7: 5953:United States Census Bureau 5919:United States Census Bureau 5724:Twilah DeBoer (June 1999). 5610:United States Census Bureau 5075:Hostetler, John A. (1993), 5036:United States Census Bureau 4959:United States Census Bureau 4926:United States Census Bureau 4896:Dutch Americans in Michigan 4881:Dutch West Indian Americans 4812: 4209:Harmen Jansen Knickerbocker 4187: 4180: 4160: 4155: 4137: 4132: 4114: 4109: 4091: 4086: 4066: 4061: 4043: 4038: 4020: 4015: 3997: 3992: 3974: 3969: 3951: 3946: 3928: 3923: 3905: 3900: 3882: 3877: 3859: 3854: 3836: 3831: 3813: 3808: 3790: 3785: 3767: 3762: 3744: 3739: 3719: 3714: 3696: 3691: 3673: 3668: 3650: 3645: 3627: 3622: 3604: 3599: 3581: 3576: 3558: 3553: 3535: 3530: 3512: 3507: 3489: 3484: 3466: 3461: 3443: 3438: 3420: 3415: 3397: 3392: 3374: 3369: 3351: 3346: 3328: 3323: 3305: 3300: 3282: 3277: 3259: 3254: 3236: 3231: 3211: 3206: 3188: 3183: 3165: 3160: 3142: 3137: 3119: 3114: 3096: 3091: 3073: 3068: 3050: 3045: 3027: 3022: 3004: 2999: 2590: 2392:Dutch-American Heritage Day 2200:). Additionally, Brooklyn ( 1809:Declaration of Independence 1442: 1435: 1413: 1406: 1385: 1378: 1355: 1348: 1323: 1314: 1291: 1286: 1268: 1263: 1245: 1240: 1222: 1217: 1199: 1194: 1176: 1171: 1153: 1148: 1128: 1123: 1105: 1100: 1082: 1077: 1059: 1054: 1036: 1031: 1013: 1008: 979: 974: 954: 949: 931: 926: 739:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 559:are all descendants of the 249:Dutch West Indian Americans 97:884,857 (0.27%) Dutch alone 10: 7518: 7358:Alabama Creoles and Cajuns 5728:. wlhn.org. Archived from 5593:Ancestry of George W. Bush 5555:Greenwood Publishing Group 4773:Protestant Reformed Church 4742:Reformed Church of America 4666:pioneered the research of 4627:. He was also awarded the 4250:Stephen Van Rensselaer III 4200: 2666: 2597:Reformed Church in America 2263: 2162: 1768:In 1657 the clash between 1567:, gained independence its 1392: 1362: 1332: 1296: 1273: 1250: 1227: 1204: 1181: 1158: 1133: 1110: 1087: 1064: 1041: 1018: 984: 959: 936: 913: 18: 7497:Dutch diaspora by country 7416: 7334:White Hispanic and Latino 7313: 7165: 7087: 6992: 6901: 6830: 6716: 6662: 6631: 6610: 6574: 6531: 6515: 6479: 6434: 6315:Journal of Social History 6215:Cooke, Jacob Ernest, ed. 6141:Thernstrom, Stephan, ed. 6124:Swierenga, Robert P. ed. 5241:53#2 (1984), pp. 187-199 4655:was the recipient of the 4570:Franklin Delano Roosevelt 4326:In entertainment, actor, 4269:Janwillem van de Wetering 2872:had a major Dutch (incl. 2621:Christian Reformed Church 2535:This article needs to be 2414:flag of the United States 2188:. Several landmarks like 2182:Adaptation of Dutch names 2121:American Community Survey 1795:and the formation of the 1513:Theodore J. van den Broek 1504:and (to a lesser extent) 868:Continental United States 614:colonies in North America 332:American Community Survey 219: 214: 201: 196: 180: 175: 112: 107: 90: 85: 73: 55: 36: 7281:Scots-Irish/Ulster Scots 6559:Vistula delta Mennonites 6172:Colonial/ New Netherland 6114:New York: Garland, 1989. 5578:Russell, Thomas (1923). 5253:Jacob Ernest Cooke, ed. 4657:Nobel Prize in Economics 4639:proposed the concept of 4623:in 1981 for his work in 4487:, known from the series 4313:Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema 4258:technological university 2629:United Reformed Churches 2452:Dutch Heritage Festivals 2442:Minister Plenipotentiary 1875:Plakkaat van Verlatinghe 1609:Catholic Relief Services 833:Province of Pennsylvania 803:National Origins Formula 665:Dutch West India Company 584:Dutch East India Company 497:, New York, New Jersey, 6337:Doezema, Linda Pegman. 4637:George Eugene Uhlenbeck 4633:Samuel Abraham Goudsmit 4347:Chitty Chitty Bang Bang 4203:List of Dutch Americans 2799:Little Chute, Wisconsin 2323:Robert J. Van de Graaff 1677:converting this section 765:(his mother being from 602:Oldest Dutch settlement 542: 6383:March 3, 2016, at the 6300:77#2 (2008): 318–336. 6287:Women in Early America 4615:was of Dutch descent. 4602:Jacob Aaron Westervelt 4562:Stuyvesant High School 4407:starred Dutch actress 4353:The Dick Van Dyke Show 4262:English-speaking world 4224:Abstract Expressionist 2942: 2775:Grand Rapids, Michigan 2765:According to the 2000 2762: 2641:Free Reformed Churches 2595:The beginnings of the 2485:Cedar Grove, Wisconsin 2463: 2432:, was received by the 1897: 1878:" (Act of Abjuration). 1847:and Brigadier General 1601: 1555:20th century migration 1465: 829:Province of New Jersey 719: 694:, Germans, and French 651:17th century migration 627: 615: 395:Christopher Van Hollen 330:According to the 2021 309:Treaty of Breda (1667) 269:Nederlandse Amerikanen 268: 40:Nederlandse Amerikanen 39: 6155:Wabeke, Bertus Harry 6117:Swierenga, Robert P. 5360:Vanderheide, Albert. 4757:systematic theologian 4692:Klumpke-Roberts Award 4423:Anneliese van der Pol 4315:, writer of the book 4277:Grijpstra and de Gier 2940: 2760: 2564:King Willem Alexander 2517:Greater New York Area 2459: 2159:Names of Dutch origin 1928:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1892: 1782:Flushing Remonstrance 1589: 1498:Dutch Reformed Church 1459: 717: 621: 609: 443:Cornelius P. Van Ness 351:Franklin D. Roosevelt 215:Related ethnic groups 6971:Norwegian Minnesotan 6259:The Patroon's Domain 6237:20#1 (1985): 49–70. 6235:Winterthur Portfolio 6209:62#1 (1981): 43–60. 6134:Taylor, Lawrence J. 5649:on February 6, 2012. 5316:. Washington, D.C.: 4891:Surinamese Americans 4841:United States portal 4721:gained fame for his 4702:invented the Schilt 4631:in 1978. Physicists 4617:Nicolaas Bloembergen 4564:is named after him. 4411:and Dutch-descended 4271:is renowned for his 3180:District of Columbia 2905:are of both French ( 2749:States before 2000. 2744:. According to 2021 2386:Oroville, Washington 1977:improve this article 1886:had Dutch ancestry: 1805:Van Cortlandt family 1605:Church World Service 825:Province of New York 532:, a group of mainly 253:Surinamese Americans 7327:Non-Hispanic whites 6351:Herbert J. Brinks, 6306:Wermuth, Thomas S. 6047:De Gerald, F. Jong 6027:. (Eerdmans, 1984). 5870:. Third Place Books 5818:, Herbert J. Brinks 5750:on December 9, 2012 5732:on October 8, 2007. 5279:Thomas S. Wermuth, 4870:Dutch, the magazine 4859:Hyphenated American 4738:Albertus van Raalte 4674:discovered two new 4582:U.S. Representative 4485:Mark-Paul Gosselaar 4228:Anthony Heinsbergen 4213:Hudson River Valley 2966: 2868:In California, the 2468:Tulip Time Festival 2057: 1884:American Presidents 1793:American Revolution 1622:Walter-McCarren Act 1343:Northwest Territory 795:U.S. census of 1790 379:Peter G. Van Winkle 33: 7352:French Louisianian 6754:Pennsylvania Dutch 6710:European Americans 6358:Lucas, Henry, ed. 6250:Leiby; Adrian C. 6075:Krabbendam, Hans. 5712:Milwaukee Sentinel 5529:The New York Times 5418:on March 23, 2010. 4854:European Americans 4827:Netherlands portal 4786:Forgive and Forget 4625:laser spectroscopy 4578:Martin Kalbfleisch 4566:Theodore Roosevelt 4560:. The prestigious 4293:Greta Van Susteren 2948: 2943: 2819:Lynden, Washington 2763: 2613:Theodore Roosevelt 2609:Rutgers University 2509:Kingston, New York 2493:Hofstra University 2464: 2440:and recognized as 2366:Maandblad de Krant 2294:), and, "street" ( 2145:Alexander Hamilton 2055: 1912:Theodore Roosevelt 1898: 1679:, if appropriate. 1630:Refugee Relief Act 1561:World War II 1466: 888:State or Territory 761:. Penn, himself a 720: 628: 616: 530:Pennsylvania Dutch 371:Daniel W. Voorhees 353:and U.S. Senators 297:Kingdom of Belgium 241:Pennsylvania Dutch 31: 21:Pennsylvania Dutch 7479: 7478: 7470: 7463: 7456: 7450:White Southerners 7439: 7432: 7407: 7402: 7386: 7379: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7336: 7329: 7299: 7260: 7241: 7234: 7227: 7220: 7206: 7068: 6973: 6966: 6964:Norwegian Dakotan 6932: 6806: 6777: 6775:Hungarian Ohioans 6763: 6756: 6749: 6742: 6676: 6675: 6317:(1998): 179–196. 6281:978-0-486-48637-6 6268:(1991) pp 222–36. 6257:Nissenson, S. G. 6177:Balmer, Randall. 6148:Van Jacob Hinte. 6096:Kromminga, John. 5999:. Cambria Press. 5847:portlanddutch.com 5816:"Dutch Americans" 5779:on April 23, 2016 5698:978-0-02-934470-5 5673:978-90-8964-124-3 5564:978-0-313-33658-4 5435:978-90-6882-748-4 5270:(1991) pp 222-36. 5183:978-1-136-59674-2 4746:Holland, Michigan 4653:Tjalling Koopmans 4649:Manhattan Project 4606:Mayor of New York 4584:for the state of 4556:, known today as 4544:, today known as 4536:of the colony of 4490:Saved by the Bell 4481:Captain Beefheart 4461:Bruce Springsteen 4359:Diagnosis: Murder 4317:Soldier of Orange 4301:Dutch East Indies 4273:detective fiction 4243:Vanderbilt family 4241:In business, the 4220:Willem de Kooning 4194: 4193: 2870:San Joaquin Delta 2823:Ripon, California 2815:Orange City, Iowa 2807:Zeeland, Michigan 2803:Holland, Michigan 2795:Celeryville, Ohio 2779:Rock Rapids, Iowa 2714:World War II 2645:Roman Catholicism 2556: 2555: 2472:Holland, Michigan 2298:), among others. 2129:Archibald Laidlie 2116: 2115: 2053: 2052: 2045: 2027: 1992:"Dutch Americans" 1934:George H. W. Bush 1918:Warren G. Harding 1849:Cortlandt Skinner 1813:Philip Livingston 1786:religious freedom 1698: 1697: 1635:Francis E. Walter 1577:Dutch-Indonesians 1565:Dutch East Indies 1496:influence of the 1449: 1448: 822:American Colonial 817:which became the 578:Early exploration 419:Harold G. Hoffman 411:John Hickenlooper 375:Arthur Vandenberg 359:Nicholas Van Dyke 343:Warren G. Harding 258: 257: 245:Belgian Americans 7509: 7466: 7459: 7454: 7435: 7428: 7405: 7398: 7384:Creoles of color 7382: 7377: 7372:Louisiana Creole 7370: 7363: 7356: 7332: 7325: 7295: 7256: 7237: 7230: 7223: 7216: 7202: 7064: 6993:Southeast Europe 6969: 6962: 6928: 6802: 6773: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6703: 6696: 6689: 6680: 6679: 6426: 6425: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6391: 6390: 6289:(2015) pp 43–65 6207:New York History 6202: 6167:(1939), ch 2, 11 6110:Schreuder, Yda. 6068:Kirk, Gordon W. 6023:Bratt, James D. 6011: 6010: 5990: 5984: 5981: 5975: 5972: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5944: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5886: 5880: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5864: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5853: 5839: 5833: 5832: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5775:. Archived from 5769: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5746:. Archived from 5740: 5734: 5733: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5639: 5633: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5602: 5596: 5590: 5584: 5583: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5543: 5537: 5524: 5518: 5504: 5498: 5484: 5478: 5464: 5458: 5444: 5438: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5408: 5402: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5390:. March 7, 2003. 5380: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5290: 5284: 5277: 5271: 5264: 5258: 5251: 5245: 5235: 5229: 5228: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5131:. June 16, 2021. 5125: 5119: 5112: 5106: 5095: 5089: 5086: 5080: 5073: 5067: 5064: 5058: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5027: 5014: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4983: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4950: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4917: 4843: 4838: 4837: 4836: 4829: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4694:in 1982 and the 4574:Martin Van Buren 4534:Director-General 4530:Peter Stuyvesant 4501:, the author of 4495:Dutch-Indonesian 4457:Dutch-Indonesian 4392:, granddaughter 4330:and entertainer 4305:Dutch Indonesian 4234:. Cowboy artist 4184: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4158: 4150: 4148: 4147: 4135: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4112: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4064: 4056: 4054: 4053: 4041: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4018: 4010: 4008: 4007: 3995: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3972: 3964: 3962: 3961: 3949: 3941: 3939: 3938: 3926: 3918: 3916: 3915: 3903: 3895: 3893: 3892: 3880: 3872: 3870: 3869: 3857: 3849: 3847: 3846: 3834: 3826: 3824: 3823: 3811: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3788: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3765: 3757: 3755: 3754: 3742: 3737: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3717: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3694: 3686: 3684: 3683: 3671: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3648: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3625: 3617: 3615: 3614: 3602: 3594: 3592: 3591: 3579: 3571: 3569: 3568: 3556: 3548: 3546: 3545: 3533: 3525: 3523: 3522: 3510: 3502: 3500: 3499: 3487: 3479: 3477: 3476: 3464: 3456: 3454: 3453: 3441: 3433: 3431: 3430: 3418: 3410: 3408: 3407: 3395: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3372: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3349: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3326: 3318: 3316: 3315: 3303: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3280: 3272: 3270: 3269: 3257: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3209: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3186: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3163: 3155: 3153: 3152: 3140: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3117: 3109: 3107: 3106: 3094: 3086: 3084: 3083: 3071: 3063: 3061: 3060: 3048: 3040: 3038: 3037: 3025: 3017: 3015: 3014: 3002: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2956: 2955: 2947: 2791:Fulton, Illinois 2787:Des Moines, Iowa 2783:Sioux City, Iowa 2698: 2687:Partial and full 2684: 2551: 2548: 2542: 2530: 2529: 2522: 2446:American Embassy 2374:British Columbia 2337:. Two examples, 2315:Martin Van Buren 2303:American English 2216:) and Broadway ( 2212:), Wall Street ( 2140:of the elderly. 2058: 2054: 2048: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2028: 2026: 1985: 1961: 1953: 1902:Martin Van Buren 1894:Martin Van Buren 1829:Peter Gansevoort 1780:resulted in the 1770:Peter Stuyvesant 1693: 1690: 1684: 1675:You can help by 1657: 1656: 1649: 1581:Indonesian-Dutch 1484:. In the 1840s, 1439: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1410: 1400: 1399: 1382: 1376: 1371: 1370: 1352: 1346: 1341: 1340: 1319: 1312: 1308:1790 Census Area 1306: 1305: 1289: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1266: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1243: 1235: 1233: 1232: 1220: 1212: 1210: 1209: 1197: 1189: 1187: 1186: 1174: 1166: 1164: 1163: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1139: 1126: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1103: 1095: 1093: 1092: 1080: 1072: 1070: 1069: 1057: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1034: 1026: 1024: 1023: 1011: 1003: 1002: 992: 990: 989: 977: 972: 968: 966: 965: 952: 944: 942: 941: 929: 921: 919: 918: 898: 897: 884: 883: 881: 880: 879: 865: 864: 657:Albany, New York 545: 534:German Americans 367:John C. Ten Eyck 339:Martin Van Buren 295:by creating the 233:Dutch Surinamese 225:Dutch Brazilians 192: 152:, especially in 136:, especially in 120:, especially in 103: 86:Total population 78: 69: 68: 62: 61: 50: 42: 34: 30: 7517: 7516: 7512: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7506: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7475: 7412: 7394:French Canadian 7321:White Americans 7314:Other Europeans 7309: 7258:Irish Traveller 7161: 7088:Southern Europe 7083: 6988: 6902:Northern Europe 6897: 6826: 6788:Liechtensteiner 6712: 6707: 6677: 6672: 6658: 6627: 6606: 6570: 6527: 6511: 6475: 6430: 6420: 6418: 6385:Wayback Machine 6369: 6348: 6346:Primary sources 6334: 6243:Kim, Sung Bok. 6199: 6174: 6020: 6018:Further reading 6015: 6014: 6007: 5991: 5987: 5982: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5959: 5957: 5946: 5945: 5938: 5928: 5926: 5913: 5912: 5908: 5898: 5896: 5888: 5887: 5883: 5873: 5871: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5851: 5849: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5782: 5780: 5771: 5770: 5763: 5753: 5751: 5744:"Site Disabled" 5742: 5741: 5737: 5722: 5718: 5714:, July 15, 1898 5710: 5706: 5699: 5685: 5681: 5674: 5658: 5654: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5629: 5625: 5615: 5613: 5612:. March 9, 1999 5604: 5603: 5599: 5591: 5587: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5547:Sturgis, Amy H. 5544: 5540: 5525: 5521: 5505: 5501: 5485: 5481: 5465: 5461: 5445: 5441: 5427: 5423: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5395: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5365: 5358: 5354: 5341: 5340: 5333: 5305: 5301: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5278: 5274: 5265: 5261: 5252: 5248: 5236: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5195: 5191: 5184: 5168: 5164: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5113: 5109: 5105:(2004), 199–228 5097:W. Haubrichs, " 5096: 5092: 5087: 5083: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5029: 5028: 5017: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4985: 4984: 4975: 4965: 4963: 4952: 4951: 4942: 4932: 4930: 4919: 4918: 4909: 4904: 4849:Dutch Canadians 4839: 4834: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4781:Lewis B. Smedes 4769:Herman Hoeksema 4664:Maarten Schmidt 4647:mission in the 4645:Operation Alsos 4477:Whitney Houston 4471:and founder of 4432:That's so Raven 4378:Fonda, New York 4373:Eight is Enough 4364:Dick Van Patten 4309:Tjalie Robinson 4267:In literature, 4206: 4199: 4169: 4167: 4145: 4143: 4122: 4120: 4099: 4097: 4075: 4073: 4051: 4049: 4028: 4026: 4005: 4003: 3982: 3980: 3959: 3957: 3936: 3934: 3913: 3911: 3890: 3888: 3867: 3865: 3844: 3842: 3821: 3819: 3798: 3796: 3775: 3773: 3752: 3750: 3728: 3726: 3704: 3702: 3681: 3679: 3658: 3656: 3635: 3633: 3612: 3610: 3589: 3587: 3566: 3564: 3543: 3541: 3520: 3518: 3497: 3495: 3474: 3472: 3451: 3449: 3428: 3426: 3405: 3403: 3382: 3380: 3359: 3357: 3336: 3334: 3313: 3311: 3290: 3288: 3267: 3265: 3244: 3242: 3220: 3218: 3196: 3194: 3173: 3171: 3150: 3148: 3127: 3125: 3104: 3102: 3081: 3079: 3058: 3056: 3035: 3033: 3012: 3010: 2989: 2987: 2958: 2950: 2949: 2935: 2839:Chicago suburbs 2755: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2676: 2675: 2669: 2593: 2581:people of color 2577: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2531: 2527: 2454: 2422: 2394: 2351: 2331: 2329:Creole dialects 2268: 2262: 2192:(Modern Dutch: 2171: 2161: 2153:Rensselaerswyck 2049: 2038: 2032: 2029: 1986: 1984: 1974: 1962: 1951: 1942:Schuyler family 1853:Schuyler family 1845:Oliver Delancey 1825:Philip Schuyler 1801:Schuyler family 1753:Konijnen Eiland 1736:Staten Generaal 1694: 1688: 1685: 1674: 1658: 1654: 1647: 1573:Indies Dutchmen 1557: 1519:, primarily to 1454: 1424: 1422: 1402:Spanish America 1394: 1365: 1335: 1300: 1276: 1274: 1253: 1251: 1230: 1228: 1207: 1205: 1184: 1182: 1161: 1159: 1137: 1135: 1113: 1111: 1090: 1088: 1067: 1065: 1044: 1042: 1021: 1019: 997: 987: 985: 963: 961: 939: 937: 916: 914: 892: 874: 859: 858: 837:Delaware Colony 811:Middle Colonies 775: 712: 653: 604: 580: 575: 425:of New Jersey, 355:Philip Schuyler 261:Dutch Americans 229:Dutch Canadians 190: 189: 118:Mountain states 101: 99: 94: 81: 63: 56: 51: 44: 32:Dutch Americans 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7515: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7471: 7464: 7457: 7447: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7433: 7420: 7418: 7414: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7391: 7390: 7389: 7388: 7387: 7380: 7368: 7361: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7330: 7317: 7315: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7302: 7301: 7300: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7249: 7244: 7243: 7242: 7235: 7228: 7221: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7169: 7167: 7166:Western Europe 7163: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7133: 7132: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7091: 7089: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6996: 6994: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6975: 6974: 6967: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6934: 6933: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6905: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6834: 6832: 6831:Eastern Europe 6828: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6808: 6807: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6779: 6778: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6717:Central Europe 6714: 6713: 6706: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6683: 6674: 6673: 6666:Flemish people 6663: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6566:United Kingdom 6563: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6541: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6528: 6526: 6525: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6507: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6483: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6440: 6438: 6432: 6431: 6428:Dutch diaspora 6417: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6375: 6368: 6367:External links 6365: 6364: 6363: 6356: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6333: 6332:Historiography 6330: 6329: 6328: 6323:Wittke, Carl. 6321: 6311: 6304: 6298:Church History 6294: 6283: 6269: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6241: 6231: 6226:(Brill, 2005) 6222:Jacobs, Jaap. 6220: 6213: 6203: 6197: 6191:. SUNY Press. 6182: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6168: 6163:Wittke, Carl. 6161: 6153: 6146: 6139: 6132: 6129: 6122: 6115: 6108: 6103:Lucas, Henry. 6101: 6094: 6087: 6080: 6073: 6066: 6059: 6052: 6045: 6040:Corwin, S. T. 6038: 6028: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6005: 5985: 5976: 5967: 5936: 5906: 5894:Gracie Mansion 5881: 5859: 5834: 5829:"Sinterklaas!" 5820: 5808: 5790: 5773:"usembassy.nl" 5761: 5735: 5716: 5704: 5697: 5679: 5672: 5652: 5634: 5623: 5597: 5585: 5570: 5563: 5557:. p. 93. 5538: 5519: 5499: 5479: 5459: 5439: 5421: 5403: 5393: 5375: 5352: 5331: 5299: 5285: 5272: 5259: 5246: 5239:Church History 5230: 5216: 5209: 5203:. SUNY Press. 5189: 5182: 5162: 5148: 5134: 5120: 5107: 5090: 5081: 5068: 5059: 5050: 5015: 5003: 4973: 4940: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4830: 4814: 4811: 4765:Bible colleges 4662:In astronomy, 4538:New Netherland 4469:Lynyrd Skynyrd 4465:New Netherland 4449:Alex van Halen 4437:Audrey Hepburn 4435:. Iconic star 4413:Rebecca Romijn 4285:Pulitzer Prize 4248:In education, 4236:Earl W. Bascom 4232:movie theaters 4222:was a leading 4198: 4197:Notable people 4195: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4179: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4154: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4131: 4117: 4116: 4113: 4108: 4094: 4093: 4090: 4085: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4060: 4046: 4045: 4042: 4037: 4023: 4022: 4019: 4014: 4000: 3999: 3996: 3991: 3977: 3976: 3973: 3968: 3954: 3953: 3950: 3945: 3931: 3930: 3927: 3922: 3920:South Carolina 3908: 3907: 3904: 3899: 3885: 3884: 3881: 3876: 3862: 3861: 3858: 3853: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3830: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3807: 3793: 3792: 3789: 3784: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3761: 3759:North Carolina 3747: 3746: 3743: 3738: 3722: 3721: 3718: 3713: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3690: 3676: 3675: 3672: 3667: 3653: 3652: 3649: 3644: 3630: 3629: 3626: 3621: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3598: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3575: 3561: 3560: 3557: 3552: 3538: 3537: 3534: 3529: 3515: 3514: 3511: 3506: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3483: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3460: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3437: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3414: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3391: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3368: 3354: 3353: 3350: 3345: 3331: 3330: 3327: 3322: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3299: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3276: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3253: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3230: 3214: 3213: 3210: 3205: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3182: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3159: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3136: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3113: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3090: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3067: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3044: 3030: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3007: 3006: 3003: 2998: 2984: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2934: 2931: 2754: 2751: 2724:, followed by 2700: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2679: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2592: 2589: 2576: 2573: 2554: 2553: 2534: 2532: 2525: 2489:Tulip Festival 2480:Tulip Festival 2453: 2450: 2448:in the world. 2434:States General 2421: 2418: 2402:Sint Eustatius 2393: 2390: 2350: 2347: 2330: 2327: 2309:) and "boss" ( 2261: 2258: 2190:Conyne Eylandt 2186:New Netherland 2169:New Netherland 2160: 2157: 2149:George Clinton 2114: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2051: 2050: 1965: 1963: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1938:George W. Bush 1931: 1925: 1915: 1909: 1880: 1879: 1870: 1867: 1860:Sint Eustatius 1856: 1789: 1766: 1725:(Wal Straat), 1696: 1695: 1661: 1659: 1652: 1646: 1643: 1593:Indo-Europeans 1556: 1553: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1434: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1405: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1377: 1373:French America 1360: 1359: 1354: 1347: 1330: 1329: 1322: 1313: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1285: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1262: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1239: 1237:South Carolina 1225: 1224: 1221: 1216: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1193: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1170: 1168:North Carolina 1156: 1155: 1152: 1147: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1122: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1099: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1076: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1053: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1030: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1007: 982: 981: 978: 973: 957: 956: 953: 948: 934: 933: 930: 925: 911: 910: 907: 903: 902: 890: 815:New Netherland 799:colonial stock 774: 771: 752:Rip Van Winkle 711: 708: 685:New Netherland 652: 649: 624:New Netherland 603: 600: 579: 576: 574: 571: 561:Proto-Germanic 439:South Carolina 317:New Netherland 256: 255: 217: 216: 212: 211: 208:Roman Catholic 199: 198: 194: 193: 178: 177: 173: 172: 110: 109: 105: 104: 88: 87: 83: 82: 79: 71: 70: 53: 52: 37: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7514: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7469: 7465: 7462: 7458: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7438: 7437:San Francisco 7434: 7431: 7427: 7426: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7404: 7401: 7397: 7396: 7395: 7392: 7385: 7381: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7366: 7362: 7359: 7355: 7354: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7324: 7323: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7316: 7312: 7306: 7303: 7298: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7266:Luxembourgian 7264: 7259: 7255: 7254: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7240: 7236: 7233: 7229: 7226: 7222: 7219: 7215: 7214: 7213: 7210: 7205: 7201: 7200: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7164: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7131: 7128: 7127: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7086: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7067: 7066:Alaskan Serbs 7063: 7062: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6991: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6900: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6805: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6776: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6767: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6744: 6741: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6704: 6699: 6697: 6692: 6690: 6685: 6684: 6681: 6671: 6667: 6661: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6632:South America 6630: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6609: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6592:United States 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6575:North America 6573: 6567: 6564: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6524: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6514: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6424: 6415: 6410: 6408: 6403: 6401: 6396: 6395: 6392: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6350: 6349: 6340: 6336: 6335: 6326: 6322: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6267: 6263: 6260: 6256: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6198:9780939072064 6194: 6190: 6189: 6183: 6180: 6176: 6175: 6166: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6151: 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5364:. godutch.com 5363: 5356: 5348: 5347:swierenga.com 5344: 5338: 5336: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5303: 5295: 5289: 5282: 5276: 5269: 5263: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5226: 5220: 5212: 5210:9780939072064 5206: 5202: 5201: 5193: 5185: 5179: 5176:. Routledge. 5175: 5174: 5166: 5158: 5152: 5144: 5138: 5130: 5124: 5117: 5111: 5104: 5100: 5094: 5085: 5078: 5077:Amish Society 5072: 5063: 5054: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5012: 5007: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4928: 4927: 4922: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4907: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4842: 4831: 4828: 4817: 4810: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4787: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4751: 4750:Louis Berkhof 4747: 4743: 4739: 4736:In religion, 4734: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4719:Bert Blyleven 4716: 4712: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4672:Gerard Kuiper 4670:. Astronomer 4669: 4665: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4641:electron spin 4638: 4634: 4630: 4629:Lorentz Medal 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4613:Thomas Edison 4609: 4608:(1853–1855). 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4590:Pete Hoekstra 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4542:New Amsterdam 4539: 4535: 4532:was the last 4531: 4528:In politics, 4526: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4505: 4500: 4499:Matt Groening 4496: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4409:Famke Janssen 4406: 4404: 4399: 4396:and grandson 4395: 4394:Bridget Fonda 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4355: 4354: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4342: 4337: 4333: 4332:Dick Van Dyke 4329: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4281:Edward W. Bok 4278: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4190: 4185: 4178: 4177: 4176:United States 4165: 4153: 4142: 4141: 4130: 4119: 4118: 4107: 4106:West Virginia 4096: 4095: 4083: 4071: 4070: 4059: 4048: 4047: 4036: 4025: 4024: 4013: 4002: 4001: 3990: 3979: 3978: 3967: 3956: 3955: 3944: 3933: 3932: 3921: 3910: 3909: 3898: 3887: 3886: 3875: 3864: 3863: 3852: 3841: 3840: 3829: 3818: 3817: 3806: 3795: 3794: 3783: 3772: 3771: 3760: 3749: 3748: 3736: 3724: 3723: 3712: 3701: 3700: 3689: 3678: 3677: 3666: 3665:New Hampshire 3655: 3654: 3643: 3632: 3631: 3620: 3609: 3608: 3597: 3586: 3585: 3574: 3563: 3562: 3551: 3540: 3539: 3528: 3517: 3516: 3505: 3494: 3493: 3482: 3481:Massachusetts 3471: 3470: 3459: 3448: 3447: 3436: 3425: 3424: 3413: 3402: 3401: 3390: 3379: 3378: 3367: 3356: 3355: 3344: 3333: 3332: 3321: 3310: 3309: 3298: 3287: 3286: 3275: 3264: 3263: 3252: 3241: 3240: 3228: 3216: 3215: 3204: 3193: 3192: 3181: 3170: 3169: 3158: 3147: 3146: 3135: 3124: 3123: 3112: 3101: 3100: 3089: 3078: 3077: 3066: 3055: 3054: 3043: 3032: 3031: 3020: 3009: 3008: 2997: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2962: 2954: 2946: 2939: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2855:South Holland 2852: 2851:Palos Heights 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2827:North Brabant 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2759: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2697: 2683: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2655:and southern 2654: 2650: 2649:North Brabant 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2585:New Amsterdam 2582: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2550: 2538: 2533: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2462: 2458: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2410:Great Britain 2407: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2382:United States 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2319:Jared DeVries 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2272:West Germanic 2267: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2246:Roodt Eylandt 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2194:Konijn eiland 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2170: 2166: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2138:lingua franca 2135: 2130: 2125: 2122: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2047: 2044: 2036: 2033:February 2021 2025: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1994: – 1993: 1989: 1988:Find sources: 1982: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1966:This section 1964: 1960: 1955: 1954: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1885: 1877: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1864:Lord Stormont 1861: 1857: 1855:descendants). 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1841:David Mathews 1838: 1837:New York City 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1797:United States 1794: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1731:Staten Island 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1692: 1683:is available. 1682: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1662:This section 1660: 1651: 1650: 1642: 1638: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1623: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1569:Indo-European 1566: 1562: 1552: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1490:West Michigan 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1472:, especially 1471: 1463: 1458: 1445: 1440: 1433: 1432: 1431:United States 1416: 1411: 1404: 1403: 1398: 1388: 1383: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1358: 1353: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1328: 1327: 1321: 1320: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1284: 1272: 1261: 1249: 1238: 1226: 1215: 1203: 1192: 1180: 1169: 1157: 1145: 1132: 1121: 1109: 1098: 1097:New Hampshire 1086: 1075: 1074:Massachusetts 1063: 1052: 1040: 1029: 1017: 1006: 1001: 995: 983: 971: 958: 947: 935: 924: 912: 908: 905: 904: 901: 896: 889: 885: 882: 878: 873: 869: 863: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 823: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 779:Census Bureau 770: 768: 764: 760: 755: 753: 749: 743: 741: 740: 735: 731: 730: 723: 716: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 688: 686: 680: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 648: 646: 641: 640:Adriaen Block 637: 633: 625: 620: 613: 608: 599: 597: 593: 589: 585: 570: 568: 567: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 544: 539: 535: 531: 526: 524: 520: 519:West Virginia 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 403:Egbert Benson 400: 397:. Two of the 396: 392: 388: 387:Fred Thompson 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 363:Hamilton Fish 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 335: 333: 328: 326: 322: 318: 314: 313:New York City 310: 306: 302: 301:New Amsterdam 298: 294: 290: 286: 285:Low Countries 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 213: 209: 205: 200: 195: 187: 183: 179: 174: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 106: 100: 98: 93: 89: 84: 77: 72: 67: 60: 54: 48: 41: 35: 26: 22: 7204:Jersey Dutch 7197: 6747:German Texan 6591: 6359: 6352: 6338: 6327:(1939), ch 2 6324: 6314: 6307: 6297: 6286: 6272: 6265: 6258: 6251: 6244: 6234: 6223: 6216: 6206: 6187: 6178: 6164: 6157: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6125: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6090: 6083: 6082:Kroes, Rob. 6076: 6069: 6062: 6055: 6048: 6041: 6031: 6024: 5995: 5988: 5979: 5970: 5958:. Retrieved 5951: 5927:. Retrieved 5909: 5897:. Retrieved 5884: 5872:. Retrieved 5862: 5852:February 21, 5850:. 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