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muscles functioning after the left side of the forehead was paralyzed during a facelift procedure. This patient had desired to look better from her facelift, but was experiencing bizarre unilateral right forehead eyebrow elevation while the left eyebrow drooped, and she constantly demonstrated deep expressive right forehead wrinkles while the left side was perfectly smooth due to the paralysis. Clark was aware that
Botulinum toxin was safely being used to treat babies with strabismus and he requested and was granted FDA approval to experiment with Botulinum toxin to paralyze the moving and wrinkling normal functioning right forehead muscles to make both sides of the forehead appear the same. This study and case report of the cosmetic use of Botulinum toxin to treat a cosmetic complication of a cosmetic surgery was the first report on the specific treatment of wrinkles and was published in the journal
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muscles functioning after the left side of the forehead was paralyzed during a facelift procedure. This patient had desired to look better from her facelift, but was experiencing bizarre unilateral right forehead eyebrow elevation while the left eyebrow drooped and she emoted with deep expressive right forehead wrinkles while the left side was perfectly smooth due to the paralysis. Clark was aware that botulinum toxin was safely being used to treat babies with strabismus and he requested and was granted FDA approval to experiment with botulinum toxin to paralyze the moving and wrinkling normal functioning right forehead muscles to make both sides of the forehead appear the same. This study and case report on the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin to treat a cosmetic complication of a cosmetic surgery was the first report on the specific treatment of wrinkles and was published in the journal
1119:. Side effects are not limited to direct paralysis, however, and can also include headaches, flu-like symptoms, and allergic reactions. Just as cosmetic treatments only last a number of months, paralysis side effects can have the same durations. At least in some cases, these effects are reported to dissipate in the weeks after treatment. Bruising at the site of injection is not a side effect of the toxin, but rather of the mode of administration, and is reported as preventable if the clinician applies pressure to the injection site; when it occurs, it is reported in specific cases to last 7–11 days. When injecting the masseter muscle of the jaw, loss of muscle function can result in a loss or reduction of power to chew solid foods. With continued high doses, the muscles can atrophy or lose strength; research has shown that those muscles rebuild after a break from Botox.
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muscle spasticity in children treated for cerebral palsy. In 2009, the FDA announced that boxed warnings would be added to available botulinum toxin products, warning of their ability to spread from the injection site. However, the clinical use of botulinum toxin A in cerebral palsy children has been proven to be safe with minimal side effects. Additionally, the FDA announced name changes to several botulinum toxin products, to emphasize that the products are not interchangeable and require different doses for proper use. Botox and Botox
Cosmetic were given the generic name of onabotulinumtoxinA, Myobloc as rimabotulinumtoxinB, and Dysport retained its generic name of abobotulinumtoxinA. In conjunction with this, the FDA issued a communication to health care professionals reiterating the new drug names and the approved uses for each. A similar warning was issued by
1648:, observed that blepharospasm patients who received injections around the eyes and upper face also enjoyed diminished facial glabellar lines ("frown lines" between the eyebrows). Alastair Carruthers reported that others at the time also noticed these effects and discussed the cosmetic potential of botulinum toxin. Unlike other investigators, the Carruthers did more than just talk about the possibility of using botulinum toxin cosmetically. They conducted a clinical study on otherwise normal individuals whose only concern was their eyebrow furrow. They performed their study between 1987 and 1989 and presented their results at the 1990 annual meeting of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. Their findings were subsequently published in 1992.
1181:. Other tests, such as brain scan and spinal fluid examination, may help to rule out other causes. If the symptoms of botulism are diagnosed early, various treatments can be administered. In an effort to remove contaminated food that remains in the gut, enemas or induced vomiting may be used. For wound infections, infected material may be removed surgically. Botulinum antitoxin is available and may be used to prevent the worsening of symptoms, though it will not reverse existing nerve damage. In severe cases, mechanical respiration may be used to support people with respiratory failure. The nerve damage heals over time, generally over weeks to months. With proper treatment, the case fatality rate for botulinum poisoning can be greatly reduced.
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neuromuscular blocking agent. The FDA approved daxibotulinumtoxinA based on evidence from two clinical trials (Studies GL-1 and GL-2), of 609 adults with moderate to severe glabellar lines. The trials were conducted at 30 sites in the United States and Canada. Both trials enrolled participants 18 to 75 years old with moderate to severe glabellar lines. Participants received a single intramuscular injection of daxibotulinumtoxinA or placebo at five sites within the muscles between the eyebrows. The most common side effects of daxibotulinumtoxinA are headache, drooping eyelids, and weakness of facial muscles.
962:, otherwise known as improper eye alignment, is caused by imbalances in the actions of muscles that rotate the eyes. This condition can sometimes be relieved by weakening a muscle that pulls too strongly, or pulls against one that has been weakened by disease or trauma. Muscles weakened by toxin injection recover from paralysis after several months, so injection might seem to need to be repeated, but muscles adapt to the lengths at which they are chronically held, so that if a paralyzed muscle is stretched by its antagonist, it grows longer, while the antagonist shortens, yielding a permanent effect.
1079:
BLESS III ) of 1,271 participants with moderate to severe wrinkles between the eyebrows for efficacy and safety assessment. These trials were conducted at 31 sites in the United States and the
European Union. All three trials enrolled participants 18 to 75 years old with moderate to severe glabellar lines (wrinkles between the eyebrows). Participants received a single intramuscular injection of letibotulinumtoxinA or placebo at five sites within the muscles between the eyebrows. The most common side effects of letibotulinumtoxinA are headache, drooping of eyelid and brow, and twitching of eyelid.
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1446:. He also performed experiments on animals with ham extracts, isolated bacterial cultures, and toxins extracts from the bacteria. From these he concluded that the bacteria themselves do not cause foodborne botulism, but rather produce a toxin that causes the disease after it is ingested. As a result of Kerner's and van Ermengem's research, it was thought that only contaminated meat or fish could cause botulism. This idea was refuted in 1904 when a botulism outbreak occurred in
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2165:(MHRA) for the treatment of ankle disability due to lower limb spasticity associated with stroke in adults. Joint motion may be restricted by severe muscle imbalance related to the syndrome, when some muscles are markedly hypertonic, and lack effective active lengthening. Injecting an overactive muscle to decrease its level of contraction can allow improved reciprocal motion, so improved ability to move and exercise.
1902:, is also available for both therapeutic and cosmetic use in the US. Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products in China manufactures a botulinum toxin type-A product; as of 2014, it was the only botulinum toxin type-A approved in China. Botulinum toxin type-A is also sold as Lantox and Prosigne on the global market. Neuronox, a botulinum toxin type-A product, was introduced by Medy-Tox of South Korea in 2009.
1315:(from several weeks to months). Existing toxin types can recombine to create "hybrid" (mosaic, chimeric) types. Examples include BoNT/CD, BoNT/DC, and BoNT/FA, with the first letter indicating the light chain type and the latter indicating the heavy chain type. BoNT/FA received considerable attention under the name "BoNT/H", as it was mistakenly thought it could not be neutralized by any existing antitoxin.
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1604:, and assuring sterility, potency, and safety, Scott applied to the FDA for investigational drug use, and began manufacturing botulinum type A neurotoxin in his San Francisco lab. He injected the first strabismus patients in 1977, reported its clinical utility in 1980, and had soon trained hundreds of ophthalmologists in EMG-guided injection of the drug he named Oculinum ("eye aligner").
1776:. It can be absorbed through the eyes, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, and non-intact skin. The effects of botulinum toxin are different from those of nerve agents involved insofar in that botulism symptoms develop relatively slowly (over several days), while nerve agent effects are generally much more rapid. Evidence suggests that nerve exposure (simulated by injection of
1548:, a Swiss-American veterinary scientist, created a center at the Hooper Foundation in San Francisco, where he developed techniques for growing the organism and extracting the toxin, and conversely, for preventing organism growth and toxin production, and inactivating the toxin by heating. The California canning industry was thereby preserved.
1961:. Botulism is nevertheless known to be transmitted through canned foods not cooked correctly before canning or after can opening, so is preventable. Infant botulism arising from consumption of honey or any other food that can carry these spores can be prevented by eliminating these foods from diets of children less than 12 months old.
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J. D. and J. A. Carruthers also studied and reported in 1992 the use of botulinum toxin type-A as a cosmetic treatment. They conducted a study of participants whose only concern was their glabellar forehead wrinkle or furrow. Study participants were otherwise normal. Sixteen of seventeen participants
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detection equipment (such as M-8 paper or the ICAM) will not indicate a "positive" when samples containing botulinum toxin are tested. To confirm a diagnosis of botulinum toxin poisoning, therapeutically or to provide evidence in death investigations, botulinum toxin may be quantitated by immunoassay
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Standard areas for aesthetics botox injections include facial and other areas that can form fine lines and wrinkles due to every day muscle contractions and/or facial expressions such as smiling, frowning, squinting, and raising eyebrows. These areas include the glabellar region between the eyebrows,
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In the US, botox for medical purposes is usually covered by insurance if deemed medically necessary by a doctor and covers a plethora of medical problems including overactive bladder (OAB), urinary incontinence due to neurologic conditions, headaches and migraines, TMJ, spasticity in adults, cervical
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In response to the occurrence of these side effects, in 2008, the FDA notified the public of the potential dangers of the botulinum toxin as a therapeutic. Namely, the toxin can spread to areas distant from the site of injection and paralyze unintended muscle groups, especially when used for treating
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In 1986, Scott's micromanufacturer and distributor of Botox was no longer able to supply the drug because of an inability to obtain product liability insurance. People became desperate, as supplies of Botox were gradually consumed, forcing him to abandon people who would have been due for their next
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In 1986, Oculinum Inc, Scott's micromanufacturer and distributor of botulinum toxin, was unable to obtain product liability insurance, and could no longer supply the drug. As supplies became exhausted, people who had come to rely on periodic injections became desperate. For four months, as liability
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on 15 October 2010. The toxin is injected into the head and neck to treat these chronic headaches. Approval followed evidence presented to the agency from two studies funded by
Allergan showing a very slight improvement in incidence of chronic migraines for those with migraines undergoing the Botox
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The seven main types of botulinum toxin are named types A to G (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G). New types are occasionally found. Types A and B are capable of causing disease in humans, and are also used commercially and medically. Types C–G are less common; types E and F can cause disease in humans,
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published the first complete description of the symptoms of botulism, based on extensive clinical observations and animal experiments. He concluded that the toxin develops in bad sausages under anaerobic conditions, is a biological substance, acts on the nervous system, and is lethal even in small
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Side effects from therapeutic use can be much more varied depending on the location of injection and the dose of toxin injected. In general, side effects from therapeutic use can be more serious than those that arise during cosmetic use. These can arise from paralysis of critical muscle groups and
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reported in 2000 that people who had cosmetic injections around the face reported relief from chronic headache. This was initially thought to be an indirect effect of reduced muscle tension, but the toxin is now known to inhibit release of peripheral nociceptive neurotransmitters, suppressing the
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The seven toxin serotypes (A–G) are traditionally separated by their antigenicity. They have different tertiary structures and sequence differences. While the different toxin types all target members of the SNARE family, different toxin types target different SNARE family members. The A, B, and E
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LetibotulinumtoxinA (Letybo) was approved for medical use in the United States in
February 2024. It is indicated to temporarily improve the appearance of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines. The FDA approved letibotulinumtoxinA based on evidence from three clinical trials (BLESS I , BLESS II , and
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frown lines was published in 1992. This result was subsequently confirmed by other groups (Brin, and the
Columbia University group under Monte Keen). The FDA announced regulatory approval of botulinum toxin type A (Botox Cosmetic) to temporarily improve the appearance of moderate-to-severe frown
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who exhibit headache characteristics consistent with: pressure perceived from outside source, shorter total duration of chronic migraines (<30 years), "detoxification" of participants with coexisting chronic daily headache due to medication overuse, and no current history of other preventive
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The effect of botulinum toxin type-A on reducing and eliminating forehead wrinkles was first described and published by
Richard Clark, MD, a plastic surgeon from Sacramento, California. In 1987 Clark was challenged with eliminating the disfigurement caused by only the right side of the forehead
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The effect of botulinum toxin type-A on reducing and eliminating forehead wrinkles was first described and published by
Richard Clark, MD, a plastic surgeon from Sacramento, California. In 1987 Clark was challenged with eliminating the disfigurement caused by only the right side of the forehead
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DaxibotulinumtoxinA (Daxxify) was approved for medical use in the United States in
September 2022. It is indicated for the temporary improvement in the appearance of moderate to severe glabellar lines (wrinkles between the eyebrows). DaxibotulinumtoxinA is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and
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lines ('11's lines' between the eyes) typically last two to four months and in some cases, product-dependent, with some patients experiencing a longer duration of effect of up to six months or longer. Injection of botulinum toxin into the muscles under facial wrinkles causes relaxation of those
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approved by
Government agencies around the world" with less than one gram of raw botulinum toxin. Myobloc or Neurobloc, a botulinum toxin type B product, is produced by Solstice Neurosciences, a subsidiary of US WorldMeds. AbobotulinumtoxinA), a therapeutic formulation of the type A toxin
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While botulinum toxin is generally considered safe in a clinical setting, serious side effects from its use can occur. Most commonly, botulinum toxin can be injected into the wrong muscle group or with time spread from the injection site, causing temporary paralysis of unintended muscles.
976:(FDA) approved abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport) for injection for the treatment of lower-limb spasticity in pediatric patients two years of age and older. AbobotulinumtoxinA is the first and only FDA-approved botulinum toxin for the treatment of pediatric lower limb spasticity. In the US, the
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The mechanism of botulinum toxin action – blocking the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from nerve endings – was elucidated in the mid-20th century, and remains an important research topic. Nearly all toxin treatments are based on this effect in various body tissues.
1264:(proteins that mediate vesicle fusion, with their target membrane bound compartments) meaning that the acetylcholine vesicles cannot bind to the intracellular cell membrane, preventing the cell from releasing vesicles of neurotransmitter. This stops nerve signaling, leading to
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The global market for botulinum toxin products, driven by their cosmetic applications, was forecast to reach $ 2.9 billion by 2018. The facial aesthetics market, of which they are a component, was forecast to reach $ 4.7 billion ($ 2 billion in the US) in the same timeframe.
2010:. The organism is also susceptible to high salt, high oxygen, and low pH levels. The toxin itself is rapidly destroyed by heat, such as in thorough cooking. The spores that produce the toxin are heat-tolerant and will survive boiling water for an extended period of time.
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Mangera A, Andersson KE, Apostolidis A, Chapple C, Dasgupta P, Giannantoni A, et al. (October 2011). "Contemporary management of lower urinary tract disease with botulinum toxin A: a systematic review of botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) and dysport (abobotulinumtoxinA)".
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muscles, resulting in the smoothing of the overlying skin. Smoothing of wrinkles is usually visible three to five days after injection, with maximum effect typically a week following injection. Muscles can be treated repeatedly to maintain the smoothed appearance.
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amounts. Kerner hypothesized that this "sausage toxin" could be used to treat a variety of diseases caused by an overactive nervous system, making him the first to suggest that it could be used therapeutically. In 1870, the German physician Müller coined the term
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Dodick DW, Turkel CC, DeGryse RE, Aurora SK, Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, et al. (June 2010). "OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: pooled results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phases of the PREEMPT clinical program".
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lines between the eyebrows (glabellar lines) in 2002 after extensive clinical trials. Well before this, the cosmetic use of botulinum toxin type A became widespread. The results of Botox Cosmetic can last up to four months and may vary with each patient. The US
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and strabismus. Side effects in treatment of this condition were deemed to be rare, mild and treatable. The beneficial effects of the injection lasted only four to six months. Thus, blepharospasm patients required re-injection two or three times a year.
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Commercial forms are marketed under the brand names Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA), Dysport/Azzalure (abobotulinumtoxinA), Letybo (letibotulinumtoxinA), Myobloc (rimabotulinumtoxinB), Xeomin/Bocouture (incobotulinumtoxinA), and Jeuveau (prabotulinumtoxinA).
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that occurred at a funeral where people ate pickled and smoked ham; three of them died. By examining the contaminated ham and performing autopsies on the people who died after eating it, van Ermengem isolated an anaerobic microorganism that he called
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In the United States, botulinum toxin products are manufactured by a variety of companies, for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. A US supplier reported in its company materials in 2011 that it could "supply the world's requirements for 25
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Based on data from thousands of people collected by 240 investigators, Oculinum Inc (which was soon acquired by Allergan) received FDA approval in 1989 to market Oculinum for clinical use in the United States to treat adult strabismus and
1131:, and in some cases, seizures, respiratory arrest, and death. Additionally, side effects common in cosmetic use are also common in therapeutic use, including trouble swallowing, muscle weakness, allergic reactions, and flu-like syndromes.
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University-based ophthalmologists in the US and Canada further refined the use of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent. By 1985, a scientific protocol of injection sites and dosage had been empirically determined for treatment of
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in the United Kingdom, is licensed for the treatment of focal dystonias and certain cosmetic uses in the US and other countries. LetibotulinumtoxinA (Letybo) was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2024.
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has grown. However, the toxin can also be introduced through an infected wound. In infants, the bacteria can sometimes grow in the intestines and produce botulinum toxin within the intestine and can cause a condition known as
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Botox cost is generally determined by the number of units administered (avg. $ 10–30 per unit) or by the area ($ 200–1000) and depends on expertise of a physician, clinic location, number of units, and treatment complexity.
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and colleagues injected botulinum toxin into monkey extraocular muscles. The result was remarkable; a few picograms induced paralysis that was confined to the target muscle, long in duration, and without side effects.
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injection. For a period of four months, American blepharospasm patients had to arrange to have their injections performed by participating doctors at Canadian eye centers until the liability issues could be resolved.
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abobotulinumtoxinA, daxibotulinumtoxinA, daxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm, evabotulinumtoxinA, incobotulinumtoxinA, letibotulinumtoxinA, letibotulinumtoxinA-wlbg, onabotulinumtoxinA, prabotulinumtoxinA, relabotulinumtoxinA,
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the text of the labels of prescription medicines and for which medical conditions the drug manufacturer may sell the drug. However, prescribers may freely prescribe them for any condition they wish, also known as
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Botulinum toxins are among the most potent toxins known to science. Intoxication can occur naturally as a result of either wound or intestinal infection or by ingesting formed toxin in food. The estimated human
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which are widely distributed, including in soil and dust. Also, the bacteria can be found inside homes on floors, carpet, and countertops even after cleaning. Complicating the problem is that the taxonomy for
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frequently needed repeating, a search was undertaken for non-surgical, injection treatments using various anesthetics, alcohols, enzymes, enzyme blockers, and snake neurotoxins. Finally, inspired by
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8780:"DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Glabellar Lines: Results from Each of Two Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Studies (SAKURA 1 and SAKURA 2)"
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1584:, the electrical signal from an activated muscle, to guide injection) of local anesthetics as a diagnostic technique for evaluating an individual muscle's contribution to an eye movement. Because
1450:, Germany, because of canned white beans. In 1910, the German microbiologist J. Leuchs published a paper showing that the outbreaks in Ellezelles and Darmstadt were caused by different strains of
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in 1989. Editors of the journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons have clearly stated "the first described use of the toxin in aesthetic circumstances was by Clark and Berris in 1989."
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in 1989. Editors of the journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons have clearly stated "the first described use of the toxin in aesthetic circumstances was by Clark and Berris in 1989."
1196:(serotypes A, B, C, D, E, F, G), which is derived from equine antibodies that have been altered to make them less immunogenic. This antitoxin is effective against all main strains of botulism.
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led the authorities to issue a public warning against consuming smoked blood sausages in 1802 and to collect case reports of "sausage poisoning". Between 1817 and 1822, the German physician
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1166:. In all cases, the toxin can then spread, blocking nerves and muscle function. In severe cases, the toxin can block nerves controlling the respiratory system or heart, resulting in death.
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Since then, several randomized control trials have shown botulinum toxin type A to improve headache symptoms and quality of life when used prophylactically for participants with chronic
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5372:"Information for Healthcare Professionals: OnabotulinumtoxinA (marketed as Botox/Botox Cosmetic), AbobotulinumtoxinA (marketed as Dysport) and RimabotulinumtoxinB (marketed as Myobloc)"
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nerve terminals, as well as the domain responsible for mediating translocation of the light chain into the cell cytoplasm as the vacuole acidifies. The light chain is a M27-family zinc
3557:
Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV, Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, et al. (February 2001). "Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management".
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in Maryland. Carl Lamanna and James Duff developed the concentration and crystallization techniques that Edward J. Schantz used to create the first clinical product. When the Army's
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smiles; the material is injected into the hyperactive muscles of upper lip, which causes a reduction in the upward movement of lip thus resulting in a smile with a less exposure of
1099:. Studies show that botulinum toxin may be injected into arthritic shoulder joints to reduce chronic pain and improve range of motion. The use of botulinum toxin A in children with
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4433:"HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use BOTOX® safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for BOTOX"
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5302:"Follow-up to the February 8, 2008, Early Communication about an Ongoing Safety Review of Botox and Botox Cosmetic (Botulinum toxin Type A) and Myobloc (Botulinum toxin Type B)"
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is a condition where oral secretions are unable to be eliminated, causing pooling of saliva in the mouth. This condition can be caused by various neurological syndromes such as
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7668:"Recombination and insertion events involving the botulinum neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E and F and Clostridium butyricum type E strains"
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5272:"Update of Safety Review of OnabotulinumtoxinA (marketed as Botox/Botox Cosmetic), AbobotulinumtoxinA (marketed as Dysport) and RimabotulinumtoxinB (marketed as Myobloc)"
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Flanders M, Tischler A, Wise J, Williams F, Beneish R, Auger N (June 1987). "Injection of type A botulinum toxin into extraocular muscles for correction of strabismus".
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M8 paper is a chemically-treated, dye-impregnated paper used to detect liquid substances for the presence of V- and G-type nerve agents and H- and L-type blister agents.
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Hill KK, Smith TJ (2013). "Genetic diversity within Clostridium botulinum serotypes, botulinum neurotoxin gene clusters and toxin subtypes". In Rummel A, Binz T (eds.).
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allows the spores to germinate, after which the bacteria can multiply and produce toxin. Critically, ingestion of toxin rather than spores or vegetative bacteria causes
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was disbanded, Schantz moved to the Food Research Institute in Wisconsin, where he manufactured toxin for experimental use and provided it to the academic community.
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The toxin itself is released from the bacterium as a single chain, then becomes activated when cleaved by its own proteases. The active form consists of a two-chain
1244:. As the vesicle moves farther into the cell, it acidifies, activating a portion of the toxin that triggers it to push across the vesicle membrane and into the cell
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Binder WJ, Brin MF, Blitzer A, Schoenrock LD, Pogoda JM (December 2000). "Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) for treatment of migraine headaches: an open-label study".
4647:"Revance Announces FDA Approval of Daxxify (DaxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm) for Injection, the First and Only Peptide-Formulated Neuromodulator With Long-Lasting Results"
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Duthie JB, Vincent M, Herbison GP, Wilson DI, Wilson D (December 2011). Duthie JB (ed.). "Botulinum toxin injections for adults with overactive bladder syndrome".
849:. The toxin is also used commercially for medical and cosmetic purposes. Botulinum toxin is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking agent.
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acetylcholine from axon endings. This blockage is slowly reversed as the toxin loses activity and the SNARE proteins are slowly regenerated by the affected cell.
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Jackson JL, Kuriyama A, Hayashino Y (April 2012). "Botulinum toxin A for prophylactic treatment of migraine and tension headaches in adults: a meta-analysis".
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5339:"OnabotulinumtoxinA (marketed as Botox/Botox Cosmetic), AbobotulinumtoxinA (marketed as Dysport) and RimabotulinumtoxinB (marketed as Myobloc) Information"
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and confirmed that a toxin produced by the bacteria causes botulism. On 14 December 1895, there was a large outbreak of botulism in the Belgian village of
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Side effects from cosmetic use generally result from unintended paralysis of facial muscles. These include partial facial paralysis, muscle weakness, and
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3304:"Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Treatment of Upper Limb Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials"
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Over the next three decades, 1895–1925, as food canning was approaching a billion-dollar-a-year industry, botulism was becoming a public health hazard.
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to a 50-kDa light chain polypeptide. The heavy chain contains domains with several functions; it has the domain responsible for binding specifically to
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Botulinum toxin exerts its effect by cleaving key proteins required for nerve activation. First, the toxin binds specifically to presynaptic surface of
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horizontal lines on the forehead, crow's feet around the eyes, and even circular bands that form around the neck secondary to platysmal hyperactivity.
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1157:(an anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium) is the cause of botulism. Humans most commonly ingest the toxin from eating improperly canned foods in which
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Erbguth FJ (March 2004). "Historical notes on botulism, Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin, and the idea of the therapeutic use of the toxin".
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As of 2018, botulinum toxin injections are the most common cosmetic operation, with 7.4 million procedures in the United States, according to the
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Giesler M (2012). "How Doppelgänger Brand Images Influence the Market Creation Process: Longitudinal Insights from the Rise of Botox Cosmetic".
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Magid M, Keeling BH, Reichenberg JS (November 2015). "Neurotoxins: Expanding Uses of Neuromodulators in Medicine--Major Depressive Disorder".
2180:, intellectual disability, and cerebral palsy. Injection of botulinum toxin type-A into salivary glands is useful in reducing the secretions.
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Keen M, Kopelman JE, Aviv JE, Binder W, Brin M, Blitzer A (April 1994). "Botulinum toxin A: a novel method to remove periorbital wrinkles".
11328:
11228:
8721:
Finzi E, Rosenthal NE (May 2014). "Treatment of depression with onabotulinumtoxinA: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial".
6831:
2122:
8231:"Allergan Receives FDA Approval for First-of-Its-Kind, Fully in vitro, Cell-Based Assay for Botox and Botox Cosmetic (onabotulinumtoxinA)"
4470:"Botulinum toxin (Botox) A for reducing the appearance of facial wrinkles: a literature review of clinical use and pharmacological aspect"
2093:
available for follow-up demonstrated a cosmetic improvement. This study was reported at a meeting in 1991. The study for the treatment of
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12085:
9019:
7723:
7587:
5474:
5437:
3453:
5980:
Erbguth FJ, Naumann M (November 1999). "Historical aspects of botulinum toxin: Justinus Kerner (1786-1862) and the "sausage poison"".
2412:
14487:
11830:
11318:
10591:
7390:
4939:"Botulinum toxin type A injections: adverse events reported to the US Food and Drug Administration in therapeutic and cosmetic cases"
4141:
5419:
3418:
1881:
Botulinum toxin A is sold under the brand names Jeuveau, Botox, and Xeomin. Botulinum toxin B is sold under the brand name Myobloc.
14055:
13526:
12025:
7133:
2506:
2196:
in December 2000. Brand names for botulinum toxin type-B include Myobloc in the United States and Neurobloc in the European Union.
1898:
Besides the three primary US manufacturers, numerous other botulinum toxin producers are known. Xeomin, manufactured in Germany by
13794:
1729:
In 2020, 4,401,536 botulinum toxin Type A procedures were administered. In 2019 the botulinum toxin market made US$ 3.19 billion.
1050:, especially in the uppermost third of the face. Commercial forms are marketed under the brand names Botox Cosmetic/Vistabel from
775:
11785:
11660:
7001:
6390:
5129:
2744:
2714:
2232:
5530:
Barash JR, Arnon SS (January 2014). "A novel strain of Clostridium botulinum that produces type B and type H botulinum toxins".
5478:
3690:
2933:
2894:
2864:
2799:
2774:
2684:
2297:
9674:
3184:
Rosales RL, Bigalke H, Dressler D (February 2006). "Pharmacology of botulinum toxin: differences between type A preparations".
3011:
Figgitt DP, Noble S (2002). "Botulinum toxin B: a review of its therapeutic potential in the management of cervical dystonia".
1747:
dystonia in adults, severe axillary hyperhidrosis (or other areas of the body), blepharospasm, upper or lower limb spasticity.
2829:
726:
14522:
14116:
8699:
7203:
7170:
7098:
6471:
Wellman-Labadie O, Zhou Y (May 2010). "The US Orphan Drug Act: rare disease research stimulator or commercial opportunity?".
5798:
4061:
2047:
892:
Botulinum toxin is used to treat a number of therapeutic indications, many of which are not part of the approved drug label.
8413:
Mazzuco R, Hexsel D (December 2010). "Gummy smile and botulinum toxin: a new approach based on the gingival exposure area".
5411:
2332:
2117:. Botox is usually injected in the three lip elevator muscles that converge on the lateral side of the ala of the nose; the
9102:
6138:
Lamanna C, McELROY OE, Eklund HW (May 1946). "The purification and crystallization of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin".
5500:
5211:
1714:
602:
207:
6893:
3643:"Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Spasticity Caused by Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized, Controlled Trial"
2450:
1784:) will increase mortality by enhancing botulinum toxin's mechanism of toxicity. With regard to detection, protocols using
1184:
Two preparations of botulinum antitoxins are available for treatment of botulism. Trivalent (serotypes A, B, E) botulinum
13803:
13767:
12741:
12582:
12495:
9801:
9062:
6863:
6509:
Clark RP, Berris CE (August 1989). "Botulinum toxin: a treatment for facial asymmetry caused by facial nerve paralysis".
5441:
8256:
7024:
1303:. The cleaved SNAP-25 cannot mediate fusion of vesicles with the host cell membrane, thus preventing the release of the
14482:
12551:
11355:
7593:
6343:
Scott AB (October 1980). "Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery".
1295:
and is the active part of the toxin. It is translocated into the host cell cytoplasm where it cleaves the host protein
6230:
Magoon E, Cruciger M, Scott AB, Jampolsky A (May 1982). "Diagnostic injection of Xylocaine into extraocular muscles".
4683:
4602:
3105:
Janes LE, Connor LM, Moradi A, Alghoul M (April 2021). "Current Use of Cosmetic Toxins to Improve Facial Aesthetics".
14169:
9930:
9922:
7249:
2192:, but it can become ineffective after a time. Botulinum toxin type B received FDA approval for treatment of cervical
2026:
1864:
1531:
977:
11635:
9926:
9814:
9666:
9224:
1509:
10029:
9900:
9087:
7339:
1237:
1017:
720:
297:
188:
7959:"Botulinum toxin therapy of eye muscle disorders. Safety and effectiveness. American Academy of Ophthalmology".
7186:
McAdams D, Kornblet S (2011). "Baader-Meinhof Group (OR Baader-Meinhof Gang". In Pilch RF, Zilinskas RA (eds.).
6620:
Carruthers JD, Carruthers JA (January 1992). "Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin".
5176:
13760:
11174:
10719:
10676:
9012:
6953:
5249:
4966:
4727:
4432:
2205:
1513:
1193:
702:
6112:
1170:
1046:
In cosmetic applications, botulinum toxin is considered relatively safe and effective for reduction of facial
900:
Botulinum toxin is used to treat a number of disorders characterized by overactive muscle movement, including
707:
14325:
13741:
11850:
10181:
9825:
9820:
8761:
for "An Exploratory Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Botox for the Treatment of Premature Ejaculation" at
7309:
1608:
issues were resolved, American blepharospasm patients traveled to Canadian eye centers for their injections.
6077:
Pellett S (June 2012). "Learning from the past: historical aspects of bacterial toxins as pharmaceuticals".
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13731:
12698:
12437:
11051:
9052:
9042:
8497:
8493:
8129:
7760:
7343:
7313:
7253:
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6432:
5375:
5342:
5305:
5275:
5245:
5172:
4733:
4689:
4608:
4145:
2099:
1806:, which makes botulinum toxin. Their reports were later found to be incorrect; no such lab was ever found.
973:
520:
455:
7729:
6923:
4559:
2102:(FDA) approved an alternative product-safety testing method in response to increasing public concern that
787:
11645:
2384:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
2264:
2014:
1030:. However, the use of botulinum toxin injections for episodic migraine has not been approved by the FDA.
695:
255:
2614:
2588:
969:
for treatment of restricted ankle motion due to lower-limb spasticity associated with stroke in adults.
14440:
14015:
14010:
13671:
12330:
12308:
9940:
8778:
Carruthers JD, Fagien S, Joseph JH, Humphrey SD, Biesman BS, Gallagher CJ, et al. (January 2020).
8234:
6265:
Drachman DB (August 1964). "Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle in Chick Embryos Treated with Botulinum Toxin".
2707:"Alluzience, 200 Speywood units/ml, solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
2242:
2065:
In December 1989, Botox was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of strabismus, blepharospasm, and
2017:
and thus deactivated at temperatures greater than 85 °C (185 °F) for five minutes. As a zinc
8450:"Botulinum toxin A for treatment of sialorrhea in children: an effective, minimally invasive approach"
4181:
Pavone V, Testa G, Restivo DA, Cannavò L, Condorelli G, Portinaro NM, et al. (19 February 2016).
3230:
1987:
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14348:
14310:
13736:
13456:
13149:
13118:
11079:
9531:
9005:
6316:
Scott AB, Rosenbaum A, Collins CC (December 1973). "Pharmacologic weakening of extraocular muscles".
2383:
13353:
11013:
8339:"Surface anatomy of the lip elevator muscles for the treatment of gummy smile using botulinum toxin"
8208:
4761:
Mittal SO, Safarpour D, Jabbari B (February 2016). "Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Neuropathic Pain".
1087:
Botulinum toxin is also used to treat disorders of hyperactive nerves including excessive sweating,
723:
14532:
14527:
14320:
14274:
14217:
14131:
13948:
13791:
13218:
13154:
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11800:
10230:
2126:
2118:
1943:
1932:
1846:
1038:
647:
625:
7466:
4328:
3362:"Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy"
14497:
14222:
13681:
13536:
13441:
13223:
12997:
12819:
12734:
10014:
10002:
9806:
9795:
8530:
8039:
Koudsie S, Coste-Verdier V, Paya C, Chan H, Andrebe C, Pechmeja J, et al. (April 2021). "".
6582:
Carruthers A (November–December 2003). "History of the clinical use of botulinum toxin A and B".
6547:
Rohrich RJ, Janis JE, Fagien S, Stuzin JM (October 2003). "The cosmetic use of botulinum toxin".
1954:
1617:
1502:
1063:
244:
80:
17:
9259:
7617:"Why Are Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Bacteria So Diverse and Botulinum Neurotoxins So Toxic?"
6954:"BOTOX (onabotulinumtoxinA) for injection, for intramuscular, intradetrusor, or intradermal use"
5827:"Variations in the Botulinum Neurotoxin Binding Domain and the Potential for Novel Therapeutics"
1395:
One of the earliest recorded outbreaks of foodborne botulism occurred in 1793 in the village of
163:
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13496:
13406:
13396:
13333:
12814:
10048:
9986:
9744:
9238:
9199:
9194:
9149:
2767:"Xeomin 50 units powder for solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
2737:"Letybo 50 units powder for solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
924:. Similarly, botulinum toxin is used to relax the clenching of muscles, including those of the
838:
155:
13368:
10062:
9281:
8825:"Overview of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection: A Novel Formulation of Botulinum Toxin Type A"
7992:"Botulinum toxin in the management of blepharospasm: current evidence and recent developments"
1616:. Allergan then began using the trademark Botox. This original approval was granted under the
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9209:
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7500:
5568:
Barr JR, Moura H, Boyer AE, Woolfitt AR, Kalb SR, Pavlopoulos A, et al. (October 2005).
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1920:
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1802:
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822:
259:
5128:
3445:
1800:
gang safe house in Paris and had found a makeshift laboratory that contained flasks full of
1430:
1095:
symptoms. In addition to these uses, botulinum toxin is being evaluated for use in treating
683:
14517:
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13787:
13691:
13253:
13238:
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During the early 1980s, German and French newspapers reported that the police had raided a
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473:
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399:
391:
139:
131:
7379:
5689:
4232:
Syed YY (August 2017). "AbobotulinumtoxinA: A Review in Pediatric Lower Limb Spasticity".
3410:
2006:
Proper refrigeration at temperatures below 4.4 °C (39.9 °F) slows the growth of
1986: with: modern content and referencing on antibiotic susceptibilities. You can help by
1403:, Germany. Thirteen people became sick and six died after eating pork stomach filled with
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147:
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8:
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8926:
8448:
Khan WU, Campisi P, Nadarajah S, Shakur YA, Khan N, Semenuk D, et al. (April 2011).
8261:
7877:"Investigations into small molecule non-peptidic inhibitors of the botulinum neurotoxins"
5785:. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 364. Springer. pp. 1–20.
5242:"FDA Gives Update on Botulinum Toxin Safety Warnings; Established Names of Drugs Changed"
5212:"FDA Gives Update on Botulinum Toxin Safety Warnings; Established Names of Drugs Changed"
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630:
381:
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7126:
6278:
6151:
3477:"Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the Weissella oryzae botulinum-like toxin"
2502:
2076:
in people younger than 12 years of age, several studies have yielded differing results.
1696:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1556:
With the outbreak of World War II, weaponization of botulinum toxin was investigated at
985:. Botulinum toxins have been used off-label for several pediatric conditions, including
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6356:
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Montecucco C, Molgó J (June 2005). "Botulinal neurotoxins: revival of an old killer".
2736:
2706:
2443:"Nuceiva prabotulinumtoxinA 100 Units Powder for Solution for Injection vial (381094)"
2210:
Onabotulinumtoxin A (trade name Botox) received FDA approval for treatment of chronic
1311:
serotypes cause human botulism, with the activities of types A and B enduring longest
1139:
in 2009, warning that botulinum toxin products can spread to other parts of the body.
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10985:
note: some toxins are produced by lower species and pass through intermediate species
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Solish N, Carruthers J, Kaufman J, Rubio RG, Gross TM, Gallagher CJ (December 2021).
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6009:
5732:"Small molecule inhibitors as countermeasures for botulinum neurotoxin intoxication"
5655:
4790:
4261:
3213:
3059:
Shukla HD, Sharma SK (2005). "Clostridium botulinum: a bug with beauty and weapon".
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Botulism can be difficult to diagnose, as it may appear similar to diseases such as
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7546:
7538:
7527:"Properties and use of botulinum toxin and other microbial neurotoxins in medicine"
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280:
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7666:
Hill KK, Xie G, Foley BT, Smith TJ, Munk AC, Bruce D, et al. (October 2009).
4822:
4805:
4028:
2473:"Prescription medicines: registration of new chemical entities in Australia, 2014"
2357:
1949:
Food-borne botulism results, indirectly, from ingestion of food contaminated with
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3118:
2830:"Botox Cosmetic- onabotulinumtoxina injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution"
2328:
2177:
2018:
1412:
1292:
1261:
937:
873:
8126:"Botulinum Toxin Type A Product Approval Information – Licensing Action 4/12/02"
7220:"Botulinum Toxin Type A Product Approval Information - Licensing Action 4/12/02"
5790:
4112:"UK's MHRA approves Botox for treatment of ankle disability in stroke survivors"
1248:. Botulinum neurotoxins recognize distinct classes of receptors simultaneously (
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8337:
Hwang WS, Hur MS, Hu KS, Song WC, Koh KS, Baik HS, et al. (January 2009).
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4954:
4845:
Singh JA, Fitzgerald PM (September 2010). "Botulinum toxin for shoulder pain".
4356:
4354:
3169:
3152:
3151:
Al-Ghamdi AS, Alghanemy N, Joharji H, Al-Qahtani D, Alghamdi H (January 2015).
2989:
2442:
2298:"Letybo- letibotulinumtoxina-wlbg injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution"
2142:
1797:
1581:
1561:
1300:
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8052:
7853:
6090:
5748:
5731:
4245:
4015:
Scott AB (1994). "Change of eye muscle sarcomeres according to eye position".
3320:
3303:
3231:"Botulism toxin X: Time to update the textbooks, thanks to genomic sequencing"
3072:
2934:"Daxxify- botulinum toxin type a injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution"
2895:"Dysport- botulinum toxin type a injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution"
1408:
1387:
14476:
14248:
14207:
13661:
13656:
13631:
13556:
13471:
13248:
12967:
12809:
12263:
12095:
11870:
11835:
11710:
11365:
11044:
10899:
10842:
10596:
10559:
10507:
10452:
10437:
10313:
10273:
10216:
10010:
9859:
9782:
9561:
9551:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9367:
9324:
9309:
9290:
9249:
8516:
8466:
8449:
8152:
8007:
7840:
Setlow P (April 2007). "I will survive: DNA protection in bacterial spores".
7366:
7280:"Hugel's 'Letybo' First in Korea to Obtain Marketing Approval from Australia"
7034:
6458:
5878:"Identification of a novel botulinum neurotoxin gene cluster in Enterococcus"
5398:
5195:
5142:
4714:
4633:
4199:
4182:
4168:
3816:
3408:
2649:
2137:
Botulinum toxin type-A is now a common treatment for muscles affected by the
2054:
1613:
1593:
1470:
would be only used to describe a group of anaerobic microorganisms. In 1919,
1404:
1369:
1357:
1331:
1323:
1276:
1257:
1253:
1229:
1213:
1136:
1010:
998:
982:
913:
869:
830:
733:
513:
354:
251:
13451:
7581:
6668:
5894:
5877:
5543:
4897:
4351:
3570:
3493:
3476:
3302:
Farag SM, Mohammed MO, El-Sobky TA, ElKadery NA, ElZohiery AK (March 2020).
65:
14197:
13581:
13566:
13506:
13416:
13378:
13077:
12972:
12619:
12410:
12303:
12258:
12223:
12213:
12208:
12055:
11935:
11840:
11745:
11570:
11380:
11263:
11248:
10962:
10952:
10935:
10904:
10852:
10816:
10775:
10729:
10666:
10569:
10492:
10427:
10262:
10258:
10254:
10240:
10054:
9890:
9687:
9611:
9470:
9441:
9304:
9299:
9033:
8860:
8815:
8742:
8670:
8627:
8584:
8475:
8434:
8399:
8364:
8323:
8095:
8060:
8025:
7918:
7861:
7703:
7684:
7652:
7633:
7448:
7310:"Drug Approval Package: Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA) Injection NDA #125360"
6768:
6719:
6676:
6603:
6568:
6492:
6294:
6216:
6167:
6098:
6063:
6001:
5955:
5913:
5862:
5843:
5826:
5808:
5767:
5707:
5647:
5603:
5585:
5551:
5113:
5072:
5054:
5023:
5005:
4962:
4916:
4862:
4831:
4782:
4774:
4541:
4505:
4388:
4310:
4253:
4218:
4183:"Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Limb Spasticity in Childhood Cerebral Palsy"
4001:
3970:
3921:
3885:
3834:
3777:
3743:
3676:
3627:
3578:
3543:
3502:
3395:
3339:
3205:
3126:
3080:
3032:
2997:
1785:
1773:
1557:
1363:
1204:
1096:
1062:, Xeomin/Bocouture from Merz, Jeuveau/Nuceiva from Evolus, manufactured by
1014:
941:
275:
8103:
7976:
7945:
7826:
7560:
6711:
6641:
6530:
6364:
6329:
6251:
5993:
5730:
Li B, Peet NP, Butler MM, Burnett JC, Moir DT, Bowlin TL (December 2010).
4036:
3799:
Stavropoulos SN, Friedel D, Modayil R, Iqbal S, Grendell JH (March 2013).
14421:
14356:
14192:
14126:
14111:
13956:
13676:
13666:
13446:
13363:
13273:
13268:
13169:
13087:
13039:
12982:
12926:
12844:
12829:
12647:
12485:
12405:
12349:
12243:
12090:
11855:
11755:
11630:
11585:
11429:
11424:
11419:
11352:
11313:
11258:
11243:
11223:
11208:
10925:
10879:
10867:
10724:
10671:
10621:
10527:
10522:
10512:
10477:
10462:
10328:
10039:
9996:
9967:
9787:
9765:
9702:
9692:
9606:
9591:
9581:
9541:
9536:
9521:
9516:
9433:
9405:
9319:
9314:
8606:
Ashkenazi A (March 2010). "Botulinum toxin type a for chronic migraine".
8355:
8338:
6045:
5570:"Botulinum neurotoxin detection and differentiation by mass spectrometry"
4806:"Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A: a clinical update on non-cosmetic uses"
4486:
3952:
3609:
3411:"OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botulinum Toxin Type A) Monograph for Professionals"
2030:
2021:(see below), the toxin's activity is also susceptible, post-exposure, to
1899:
1781:
1420:
to describe the disease caused by sausage poisoning, from the Latin word
1351:
1280:
1249:
1241:
1233:
921:
671:
174:
55:
12188:
6832:"2020 National Plastic Surgery Statistics: Cosmetic Surgical Procedures"
4528:
Small R (August 2014). "Botulinum toxin injection for facial wrinkles".
3658:
2800:"Botox- onabotulinumtoxina injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution"
1974:
945:
428:
420:
14101:
13973:
13626:
13621:
13541:
13491:
13486:
13421:
13278:
13108:
13049:
12936:
12789:
12672:
12668:
12400:
12390:
12385:
12298:
12273:
12233:
12228:
12218:
12203:
12144:
12139:
11950:
11810:
11795:
11765:
11740:
11715:
11670:
11665:
11655:
11625:
11595:
11459:
11449:
11394:
11389:
11360:
11337:
11303:
11268:
11253:
11218:
11193:
11047:
10957:
10894:
10811:
10789:
10734:
10697:
10641:
10611:
10601:
10542:
10532:
10517:
10502:
10497:
10482:
10402:
10387:
10303:
10293:
10288:
10278:
10245:
9935:
9895:
9712:
9707:
9633:
9601:
9571:
9556:
9546:
9526:
9387:
9377:
9362:
9352:
8178:
2173:
2158:
1946:
across lineages, contributing to the multi-species pattern seen today.
1577:
1516: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1438:
1189:
959:
917:
905:
811:
576:
439:
98:
41:
13431:
6783:"New plastic surgery statistics reveal trends toward body enhancement"
6750:
6735:"Therapeutic use of botulinum toxin in migraine: mechanisms of action"
5947:
5638:
5621:
5088:"Minimizing bruising following fillers and other cosmetic injectables"
3764:
Felber ES (October 2006). "Botulinum toxin in primary care medicine".
14395:
14369:
13641:
13586:
13318:
12931:
12895:
12890:
12885:
12784:
12750:
12511:
12395:
12344:
12253:
12248:
12238:
12080:
12015:
12010:
12000:
11955:
11925:
11920:
11905:
11890:
11860:
11825:
11815:
11720:
11600:
11590:
11580:
11550:
11545:
11540:
11464:
11439:
11404:
11333:
11308:
11278:
11238:
11188:
11043:
10862:
10857:
10847:
10827:
10770:
10760:
10755:
10714:
10626:
10442:
10422:
10412:
10372:
10367:
10347:
10318:
10268:
10250:
10203:
10195:
10102:
10086:
9697:
9511:
9382:
9372:
9329:
7791:
Licciardello JJ, Nickerson JT, Ribich CA, Goldblith SA (March 1967).
4379:
4363:"Hyperhidrosis: evolving therapies for a well-established phenomenon"
4362:
1645:
1447:
1245:
1185:
1116:
925:
113:
7790:
7250:"Drug Approval Package: Dysport (abobotulinumtoxin) NDA #125274s000"
4938:
4937:
Coté TR, Mohan AK, Polder JA, Walton MK, Braun MM (September 2005).
1772:
Botulinum toxin has been recognized as a potential agent for use in
1491:
14449:
14136:
13938:
13933:
13928:
13783:
13701:
13686:
13616:
13571:
13481:
13391:
13338:
13323:
13303:
13263:
13233:
13228:
13092:
13082:
13054:
13034:
12880:
12875:
12799:
12794:
12779:
12769:
12678:
12380:
12313:
12268:
12198:
12166:
12065:
12045:
12035:
11900:
11820:
11750:
11735:
11620:
11615:
11520:
11454:
11399:
11323:
11273:
11203:
11183:
10765:
10745:
10656:
10651:
10616:
10606:
10581:
10537:
10487:
10432:
10407:
10392:
10357:
10352:
10283:
10235:
10208:
10154:
10082:
9735:
9576:
9566:
9491:
9423:
9357:
9334:
9074:
8204:
7934:
Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien d'Ophtalmologie
7386:
7029:
4332:
4277:"Ten common questions (and their answers) about off-label drug use"
3850:"Efficacy of botulinum toxins on bruxism: an evidence-based review"
3150:
2219:
2211:
2193:
2150:
2094:
1958:
1891:
1777:
1661:
1319:
1148:
1067:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1027:
1024:
997:
AbobotulinumtoxinA has been approved for the treatment of axillary
933:
909:
865:
846:
818:
502:
494:
410:
202:
3898:
13923:
13918:
13913:
13908:
13903:
13898:
13893:
13611:
13436:
13386:
13298:
13024:
13019:
13002:
12946:
12415:
12323:
12288:
12060:
11960:
11930:
11915:
11865:
11760:
11705:
11700:
11695:
11690:
11685:
11680:
11675:
11650:
11605:
11499:
11494:
11414:
11409:
11283:
10920:
10382:
10377:
10362:
10323:
10298:
10135:
10115:
9755:
9586:
9233:
8931:
8921:
8910:
8900:
8889:
8879:
8515:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
8151:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
7365:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
6806:"The global botox market forecast to reach $ 2.9 billion by 2018"
6457:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5397:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5194:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4713:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4632:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4167:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3409:
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (27 October 2011).
3153:"Botulinum toxin: Non cosmetic and off-label dermatological uses"
1601:
1396:
1299:, a member of the SNARE protein family, which is responsible for
1296:
1288:
1272:
929:
814:
690:
13782:
7717:
7025:"Botulism, Botulinum Toxin, and Bioterrorism: Review and Update"
3475:
Košenina S, Masuyer G, Zhang S, Dong M, Stenmark P (June 2019).
1407:, a local delicacy. Additional cases of fatal food poisoning in
14408:
14178:
14060:
13888:
13883:
13878:
13873:
13868:
13863:
13858:
13853:
13831:
13826:
13821:
13606:
13596:
13546:
13521:
13501:
13373:
13113:
13044:
13012:
12804:
11940:
11730:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11288:
11062:
10687:
10661:
10631:
10447:
10149:
10130:
9878:
9071:
3798:
3556:
1600:
After working out techniques for freeze-drying, buffering with
1342:
1178:
770:
666:
654:
642:
8777:
7055:
6183:"The action of botulinum toxin on the neuro-muscular junction"
5169:"FDA Notifies Public of Adverse Reactions Linked to Botox Use"
3360:
Blumetti FC, Belloti JC, Tamaoki MJ, Pinto JA (October 2019).
2503:"AusPAR: Letybo | Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)"
2109:
Botulinum toxin type-A has also been used in the treatment of
1580:) had developed the method of EMG-guided injection (using the
1466:
should only refer to a group of aerobic microorganisms, while
1066:
in South Korea. The effects of botulinum toxin injections for
14382:
14085:
14080:
14075:
14070:
14065:
14050:
14045:
14040:
14035:
14030:
14025:
14020:
14005:
14000:
13848:
13843:
13838:
13816:
13696:
13646:
13636:
13551:
13328:
13243:
13213:
13208:
12318:
12040:
12030:
11880:
11775:
11125:
10636:
10552:
10547:
10417:
10338:
9677:
7165:. Seal Beach, Ca.: Biomedical Publications. pp. 260–61.
3301:
1829:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1059:
12719:
11470:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
8916:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
8895:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
8874:
Overview of all the structural information available in the
8822:
8378:
Gracco A, Tracey S (May 2010). "Botox and the gummy smile".
8038:
7931:
7423:"Comparison and overview of currently available neurotoxins"
6229:
1793:
units per milliliter have been detected in poisoned people.
1644:
Also in 1987, Jean and Alastair Carruthers, both doctors in
1355:), which is toxic in mice and possibly in humans; a BoNT/J (
13995:
13990:
13983:
13978:
13966:
13961:
13308:
12583:
12496:
11516:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
10801:
10709:
7490:"Medy-Tox Introduces Neuronox to the Botulinum Toxin Arena"
6654:
3983:
3359:
2157:, decreased movement control, and hypertonicity (including
2114:
2110:
2103:
834:
678:
484:
14147:
12552:
8447:
5876:
Brunt J, Carter AT, Stringer SC, Peck MW (February 2018).
3262:"Study: Novel botulinum toxin less dangerous than thought"
1789:
of human biological fluids; serum levels of 12–24 mouse LD
1474:
used toxin-antitoxin reactions to identify two strains of
1454:
and that the toxins were serologically distinct. In 1917,
1433:, a Belgian microbiologist, discovered what is now called
10646:
8561:
8535:
8201:"Botox Cosmetic (onabotulinumtoxinA) Product Information"
7416:
7414:
7412:
4180:
2391:
2161:). In January 2014, Botulinum toxin was approved by UK's
8200:
6994:"Botox Procedures: What is Botox & How Does it Work"
6697:
6546:
3474:
3104:
2645:"Health Canada New Drug Authorizations: 2016 Highlights"
2263:
has been under development since August 2013, and is in
2106:
testing was required for each batch sold in the market.
8648:
8288:
Nayyar P, Kumar P, Nayyar PV, Singh A (December 2014).
7462:
6615:
6613:
5875:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4585:
3848:
Long H, Liao Z, Wang Y, Liao L, Lai W (February 2012).
3516:
Dhaked RK, Singh MK, Singh P, Gupta P (November 2010).
1576:
Ophthalmologists specializing in eye muscle disorders (
8287:
8081:
7989:
7409:
7058:"Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances –
5567:
4760:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4360:
3183:
2677:"Azzalure - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
2329:"Letybo | Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)"
2237:
A few small trials have found benefits in people with
2145:, for muscles with an impaired ability to effectively
1964:
1910:
Botulism toxins are produced by bacteria of the genus
1208:
Target molecules of botulinum neurotoxin (abbreviated
965:
In January 2014, botulinum toxin was approved by UK's
853:
while the other types cause disease in other animals.
14438:
7874:
6315:
5619:
5036:
4987:
4936:
3934:
3515:
2149:. Muscles affected by UMNS frequently are limited by
7086:
6619:
6610:
6137:
4582:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2859:
2857:
2855:
826:
and related species. It prevents the release of the
27:
Neurotoxic protein produced by Clostridium botulinum
9027:
6470:
6180:
5729:
5671:
5412:"Botox chemical may spread, Health Canada confirms"
4665:
4274:
3766:
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
2376:
2163:
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
967:
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
8454:Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
7875:Capková K, Salzameda NT, Janda KD (October 2009).
6575:
5039:"The whole truth about botulinum toxin - a review"
4990:"The whole truth about botulinum toxin - a review"
4474:Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
2865:"Myobloc- rimabotulinumtoxinb injection, solution"
2794:
2792:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
11080:
8257:"In U.S., Few Alternatives To Testing On Animals"
7665:
7427:The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
6732:
5774:
5092:The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
4932:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4560:"Jeuveau, The Most Affordable Wrinkle Injectable"
4275:Wittich CM, Burkle CM, Lanier WL (October 2012).
4017:Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
3801:"Endoscopic approaches to treatment of achalasia"
3157:Journal of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2917:
2852:
2206:Migraine treatment § Botulinum Toxin (Botox)
14474:
7793:"Thermal inactivation of type E botulinum toxin"
7087:Fleisher LA, Roizen MF, Roizen J (31 May 2017).
7056:Public Health Agency of Canada (19 April 2011).
6622:The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology
6391:"Loss Of Drug Relegates Many To Blindness Again"
5824:
5620:Dressler D, Saberi FA, Barbosa ER (March 2005).
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
4361:Eisenach JH, Atkinson JL, Fealey RD (May 2005).
4329:"Infantile Esotropia Treatment & Management"
3847:
3591:
2255:List of investigational sexual dysfunction drugs
1660:central pain processing systems responsible for
1260:). Once inside the cytoplasm, the toxin cleaves
1042:Botulinum toxin being injected in the human face
940:, or clenching of the anus which can exacerbate
9070:
8696:"Onabotulinum toxin A - Allergan - AdisInsight"
8690:
8688:
7185:
7163:Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man
6181:Burgen AS, Dickens F, Zatman LJ (August 1949).
6023:
6021:
6019:
5975:
5973:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5820:
5818:
5667:
5665:
4874:
4872:
4844:
4403:"FDA Approves Botox to Treat Chronic Migraines"
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3100:
3098:
2975:
2789:
2352:
2350:
2277:
2041:
1232:. Once bound to the nerve terminal, the neuron
398:
390:
12425:Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above
8720:
8490:"FDA approves Botox to treat chronic migraine"
8415:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
8336:
7996:Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
7963:. Suppl (Suppl 37-41): 37–41. September 1989.
7576:
7574:
7572:
7570:
7524:
6027:
5979:
5825:Davies JR, Liu SM, Acharya KR (October 2018).
4943:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
4923:
2956:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2132:
1755:Botox for excessive sweating is FDA approved.
944:. Botulinum toxin appears to be effective for
14163:
13768:
12735:
12365:
11029:
9660:
9013:
8531:"FDA approves Botox as migraine preventative"
8412:
8406:
8371:
8330:
8281:
7614:
7022:
6464:
5615:
5613:
5324:
5085:
5037:Witmanowski H, Błochowiak K (December 2020).
4988:Witmanowski H, Błochowiak K (December 2020).
3641:Yan X, Lan J, Liu Y, Miao J (November 2018).
3640:
3518:"Botulinum toxin: Bioweapon & magic drug"
3233:. Boston Children's Hospital. 7 August 2017.
3054:
3052:
3050:
1827:The examples and perspective in this article
1103:is safe in the upper and lower limb muscles.
1001:, which cannot be managed by topical agents.
12704:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
11161:
9743:
8685:
8377:
8290:"BOTOX: Broadening the Horizon of Dentistry"
6016:
5970:
5920:
5815:
5662:
4869:
4649:(Press release). Revance. 8 September 2022.
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4326:
3346:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3177:
3146:
3144:
3095:
3058:
3010:
2347:
2123:levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle
206:
12709:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
12588:Tooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein
12501:Tooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter
12455:
8294:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
7990:Hellman A, Torres-Russotto D (March 2015).
7567:
7420:
6733:Ramachandran R, Yaksh TL (September 2014).
6508:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5672:Dong M, Masuyer G, Stenmark P (June 2019).
5563:
5561:
5529:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5459:
4847:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3986:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3937:"Anal fissure: a common cause of anal pain"
3366:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2316:
1942:remains chaotic. The toxin has likely been
1632:Doctor performing Botulinum toxin injection
1421:
1188:is derived from equine sources using whole
14170:
14156:
13775:
13761:
12742:
12728:
12557:Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25
11036:
11022:
9667:
9653:
9020:
9006:
8608:Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
7868:
7724:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
7588:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
6924:"Medicare Guidelines for Botox Treatments"
6581:
5610:
5475:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5438:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5366:
5364:
4878:
4810:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3594:"Botulinum toxin in poststroke spasticity"
3440:
3438:
3436:
3047:
523:
40:
13198:
10592:Androctonus australis hector insect toxin
8850:
8840:
8805:
8795:
8605:
8465:
8354:
8313:
8015:
7908:
7816:
7693:
7683:
7642:
7632:
7550:
7438:
7160:
6758:
6206:
6053:
5903:
5893:
5852:
5842:
5780:
5757:
5747:
5697:
5637:
5593:
5103:
5062:
5013:
4906:
4896:
4821:
4512:
4495:
4485:
4467:
4378:
4300:
4208:
4198:
3960:
3935:Villalba H, Villalba S, Abbas MA (2007).
3875:
3865:
3824:
3792:
3733:
3691:"Cervical dystonia - Symptoms and causes"
3666:
3617:
3533:
3492:
3385:
3329:
3319:
3284:
3268:. University of Minnesota. 17 June 2015.
3168:
3141:
1865:Learn how and when to remove this message
1532:Learn how and when to remove this message
1220:), toxins acting inside the axon terminal
954:
472:
464:
8233:. Allergan. 24 June 2011. Archived from
6998:The American Academy of Facial Esthetics
6837:. American Society of Plastic Surgeons.
6264:
5714:
5558:
5456:
5378:(FDA). 13 September 2015. Archived from
5206:
5204:
5130:"How Barely-There Botox Became the Norm"
5126:
3892:
3805:Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
2589:"Regulatory Decision Summary for Xeomin"
2248:
2188:Botulinum toxin type-A is used to treat
1627:
1203:
1037:
11661:Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate
8528:
8164:
7752:"Clostridium botulinum Toxin Formation"
7465:. Hugh Source (International) Limited.
6803:
6542:
6540:
6420:
6418:
6076:
6030:"AbobotulinumtoxinA: A 25-Year History"
5933:
5622:"Botulinum toxin: mechanisms of action"
5361:
4803:
4049:
3841:
3750:
3433:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3225:
3223:
2615:"Regulatory Decision Summary for Botox"
2559:"Regulatory Decision Summary - Nuceiva"
2233:List of investigational antidepressants
427:
419:
179:
14:
14475:
8496:(FDA). 19 October 2010. Archived from
8482:
8132:(FDA). 29 October 2009. Archived from
7839:
7487:
7226:(FDA). 9 February 2009. Archived from
6504:
6502:
6388:
6384:
6382:
5422:from the original on 21 February 2009.
5308:(FDA). 8 February 2008. Archived from
5175:(FDA). 8 February 2008. Archived from
4653:from the original on 10 September 2022
4557:
4142:"FDA Approved Drug Products – Dysport"
4053:Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin
3763:
3237:from the original on 14 September 2021
2944:from the original on 28 September 2022
2477:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
2447:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
2417:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
2362:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
1667:
1592:'s work with chicks at Johns Hopkins,
1388:Initial descriptions and discovery of
1199:
908:, post-spinal cord injury spasticity,
514:
363:
335:
14151:
14117:Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
13756:
13197:
12723:
11851:Methylfluorophosphonylcholine (MFPCh)
11101:2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium
11017:
9648:
9001:
8909:(Botulinum neurotoxin type B) at the
8888:(Botulinum neurotoxin type A) at the
8269:from the original on 12 November 2012
7615:Poulain B, Popoff MR (January 2019).
7525:Schantz EJ, Johnson EA (March 1992).
7421:Walker TJ, Dayan SH (February 2014).
7396:from the original on 15 November 2012
7350:from the original on 23 November 2019
7290:from the original on 18 December 2022
7260:from the original on 24 November 2019
7107:from the original on 11 November 2021
7090:Essence of Anesthesia Practice E-Book
7033:. Cliggott Publishing. Archived from
6961:Highlights of Prescribing Information
6342:
5690:10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111654
5349:from the original on 18 December 2022
5201:
5161:
5149:from the original on 28 December 2021
5086:Hamman MS, Goldman MP (August 2013).
4553:
4551:
4527:
4449:from the original on 16 February 2024
4339:from the original on 28 November 2014
4322:
4320:
4087:
4085:
4014:
3715:
3697:from the original on 12 December 2018
3550:
3421:from the original on 6 September 2015
2840:from the original on 18 December 2022
2777:from the original on 18 December 2022
2747:from the original on 18 December 2022
2717:from the original on 18 December 2022
2687:from the original on 18 December 2022
2529:"Regulatory Decision Summary - Botox"
2335:from the original on 18 December 2022
2048:Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus
1349:. Nonclassical types include BoNT/X (
1341:and the light chain is classified by
992:
348:
197:
162:
154:
146:
138:
130:
122:
8702:from the original on 30 October 2017
7772:from the original on 8 February 2021
7188:Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense
7139:from the original on 23 October 2020
7068:from the original on 24 January 2022
7023:Koirala J, Basnet S (14 July 2004).
6856:
6657:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
6537:
6435:(FDA). 30 April 2009. Archived from
6415:
6403:from the original on 26 January 2011
5511:from the original on 1 November 2023
5501:"Botulism - Diagnosis and treatment"
5471:"Botulism – Diagnosis and Treatment"
5278:(FDA). 3 August 2009. Archived from
5248:(FDA). 3 August 2009. Archived from
4617:from the original on 1 February 2024
4327:Ocampo VV, Foster CS (30 May 2012).
4231:
4152:from the original on 8 November 2016
3592:Ozcakir S, Sivrioglu K (June 2007).
3272:from the original on 28 October 2019
3249:
3220:
2183:
1968:
1813:
1715:American Society of Plastic Surgeons
1676:
1514:adding citations to reliable sources
1485:
1334:. The two are collectively known as
895:
279:
12648:
11151:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
8975:"PrabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs Injection"
8249:
8223:
8118:
8075:
7286:(Press release). 24 November 2022.
6499:
6379:
6309:
5674:"Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins"
5481:from the original on 5 October 2016
5444:from the original on 5 October 2016
4070:from the original on 28 August 2021
2199:
1965:Organism and toxin susceptibilities
1905:
501:
493:
24:
9946:Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB)
8784:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
8771:
8651:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
7732:from the original on 3 August 2016
7596:from the original on 27 April 2020
6974:from the original on 28 March 2021
6904:from the original on 13 March 2023
6634:10.1111/j.1524-4725.1992.tb03295.x
6596:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2003.11.003
6561:10.1097/01.prs.0000082208.37239.5b
6549:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
6523:10.1097/01.prs.0000205566.47797.8d
6511:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
6119:from the original on 2 August 2022
6028:Monheit GD, Pickett A (May 2017).
5532:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
5043:Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii
4994:Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii
4742:from the original on 30 April 2024
4698:from the original on 23 March 2024
4570:from the original on 18 March 2021
4548:
4317:
4082:
3722:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
3522:Indian Journal of Medical Research
3456:from the original on 23 March 2019
3107:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
2509:from the original on 31 March 2024
2483:from the original on 10 April 2023
2423:from the original on 18 March 2023
2087:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
1639:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
1142:
25:
14544:
11085:Tooltip Choline acetyltransferase
8868:
8543:from the original on 27 July 2020
8211:from the original on 21 July 2021
7469:from the original on 24 July 2008
7320:from the original on 27 July 2020
6874:from the original on 27 June 2021
6844:from the original on 23 June 2021
4122:from the original on 27 July 2020
2657:from the original on 7 April 2024
2625:from the original on 2 April 2024
2539:from the original on 12 June 2022
2453:from the original on 8 April 2023
2413:"Nuceiva (PPD Australia Pty Ltd)"
306:
229:
14488:Acetylcholine release inhibitors
14460:
14448:
13724:
13723:
12145:Fasciculins (green mamba toxins)
11636:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
10998:
10997:
8749:
8735:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.11.006
8714:
8642:
8599:
8577:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01678.x
8555:
8522:
8510:
8441:
8193:
8158:
8146:
8041:Journal Français d'Ophtalmologie
8032:
7983:
7952:
7925:
7833:
7784:
7744:
7710:
7659:
7608:
7518:
7481:
7455:
7372:
7360:
7340:"Drug Approval Package: Jeuveau"
7332:
7302:
7272:
7242:
7212:
7179:
7154:
7119:
7080:
7049:
7016:
7004:from the original on 22 May 2021
6986:
6946:
6934:from the original on 23 May 2021
6916:
6886:
6824:
6797:
6775:
6726:
6691:
6648:
6452:
6426:"Re: Docket No. FDA-2008-P-0061"
6336:
6258:
6223:
6174:
6131:
5392:
5222:from the original on 6 July 2019
5189:
4969:from the original on 23 May 2022
4708:
4627:
4162:
3867:10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00085.x
3718:"Botox treatment for vaginismus"
3693:. Mayo Clinic. 28 January 2014.
3598:Clinical Medicine & Research
3198:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01438.x
3061:Critical Reviews in Microbiology
3025:10.2165/00003495-200262040-00011
2905:from the original on 2 June 2022
2875:from the original on 2 June 2022
2810:from the original on 2 June 2022
2569:from the original on 7 June 2022
1973:
1818:
1750:
1681:
1490:
1478:, which she designated A and B.
1033:
554:
548:
12076:Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)
11801:Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP)
10030:Extracellular adenylate cyclase
8987:"RimabotulinumtoxinB Injection"
8951:"IncobotulinumtoxinA Injection"
8723:Journal of Psychiatric Research
7196:10.1002/0471686786.ebd0012.pub2
6789:. 11 March 2019. Archived from
6739:British Journal of Pharmacology
6485:10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.12.001
6105:
6079:Current Opinion in Microbiology
6070:
5869:
5523:
5493:
5426:
5404:
5294:
5264:
5234:
5120:
5079:
5030:
4981:
4838:
4797:
4754:
4728:"Novel Drug Approvals for 2024"
4720:
4684:"Drug Trials Snapshots: Letybo"
4639:
4603:"Drug Trials Snapshot: Daxxify"
4461:
4425:
4413:from the original on 5 May 2017
4395:
4268:
4225:
4174:
4134:
4104:
4043:
4008:
3977:
3928:
3709:
3683:
3634:
3585:
3509:
3468:
3402:
3004:
2978:Current Opinion in Pharmacology
2887:
2822:
2759:
2729:
2699:
2669:
2637:
2619:Drug and Health Products Portal
2607:
2593:Drug and Health Products Portal
2581:
2551:
1767:
1651:
1551:
1501:needs additional citations for
1481:
1373:) found in the rice-colonizing
1194:heptavalent botulinum antitoxin
1106:
1013:botulinum toxin injections for
887:
845:. The toxin causes the disease
85:Botox, Myobloc, Jeuveau, others
11146:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate
8963:"OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection"
8939:"AbobotulinumtoxinA Injection"
7765:. 29 March 2011. p. 246.
6199:10.1113/jphysiol.1949.sp004364
4855:10.1002/14651858.cd008271.pub2
4468:Satriyasa BK (10 April 2019).
3994:10.1002/14651858.CD005493.pub3
3378:10.1002/14651858.CD001408.pub2
2521:
2495:
2465:
2435:
2405:
2259:The drug for the treatment of
1809:
1462:, as it was decided that term
1228:that use the neurotransmitter
566:
560:
542:
319:
13:
1:
12749:
12699:Receptor/signaling modulators
12471:Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine)
12370:Tooltip Butyrylcholinesterase
10182:Fibronectin binding protein A
8529:Watkins T (15 October 2010).
7969:10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32989-7
7901:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.03.016
7809:10.1128/AEM.15.2.249-256.1967
7380:"2011 Allergan Annual Report"
6898:American Cosmetic Association
6389:Boffey PM (14 October 1986).
6357:10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35127-0
6244:10.1016/s0161-6420(82)34764-8
5678:Annual Review of Biochemistry
5626:Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
4885:Indian Journal of Dermatology
4101:. dddmag.com. 4 February 2014
4050:Simpson L (2 December 2012).
4029:10.3928/0191-3913-19940301-05
3186:European Journal of Neurology
2270:
2226:
2168:
2079:
2069:in people over 12 years old.
1953:spores, where exposure to an
1732:
1571:
14523:Peripherally selective drugs
14122:Bone morphogenetic protein 1
11166:Tooltip Acetylcholinesterase
8797:10.1097/PRS.0000000000006327
8663:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001733
8494:Food and Drug Administration
8306:10.7860/JCDR/2014/11624.5341
8130:Food and Drug Administration
7761:Food and Drug Administration
7543:10.1128/MMBR.56.1.80-99.1992
7497:The European Aesthetic Guide
7344:Food and Drug Administration
7314:Food and Drug Administration
7254:Food and Drug Administration
7224:Food and Drug Administration
7190:. Wiley-Liss. pp. 1–2.
7093:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
6965:Food and Drug Administration
6433:Food and Drug Administration
6287:10.1126/science.145.3633.719
6160:10.1126/science.103.2681.613
5574:Emerging Infectious Diseases
5376:Food and Drug Administration
5343:Food and Drug Administration
5306:Food and Drug Administration
5276:Food and Drug Administration
5246:Food and Drug Administration
5173:Food and Drug Administration
4804:Charles PD (November 2004).
4734:Food and Drug Administration
4690:Food and Drug Administration
4609:Food and Drug Administration
4293:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.017
4146:Food and Drug Administration
3914:10.1016/j.eururo.2011.07.001
3854:International Dental Journal
3735:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181bf7f11
3119:10.1097/PRS.0000000000007762
2100:Food and Drug Administration
2072:In the case of treatment of
2042:Blepharospasm and strabismus
1741:
1724:
1672:
1623:
1153:Botulinum toxin produced by
974:Food and Drug Administration
447:Botulinum toxin A: none
7:
14177:
12968:Hair coloring and bleaching
12460:Tooltip Choline transporter
12406:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
11646:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
11111:4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine
11096:1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
9923:Staphylococcus aureus alpha
9901:Panton–Valentine leukocidin
6318:Investigative Ophthalmology
6113:"Home Canning and Botulism"
5791:10.1007/978-3-642-33570-9_1
5127:Schiffer J (8 April 2021).
4823:10.1093/ajhp/61.suppl_6.S11
2241:. Research is based on the
2133:Upper motor neuron syndrome
2036:
1841:, discuss the issue on the
1758:
1646:Vancouver, British Columbia
1004:
884:ng/kg when taken by mouth.
880:ng/kg when inhaled, or 1000
10:
14549:
12309:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
11116:Acetylseco hemicholinium-3
9941:Toxic shock syndrome toxin
8842:10.1007/s40265-021-01631-w
8427:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.02.053
6894:"How Much Does Botox Cost"
4955:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.06.011
4879:Nigam PK, Nigam A (2010).
4661:– via Business Wire.
3716:Pacik PT (December 2009).
3170:10.1016/j.jdds.2014.06.002
2990:10.1016/j.coph.2004.12.006
2252:
2243:facial feedback hypothesis
2230:
2203:
2045:
2029:, e.g., zinc-coordinating
1382:
1192:. The second antitoxin is
1146:
1009:In 2010, the FDA approved
861:of type A toxin is 1.3–2.1
532:Chemical and physical data
14483:Drugs developed by AbbVie
14334:
14326:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
14298:
14267:
14236:
14185:
14094:
13949:Matrix metalloproteinases
13947:
13802:
13719:
13204:
13193:
13142:
13101:
13065:
12955:
12904:
12868:
12757:
12691:
12637:
12541:
12524:
12494:
12453:
12436:
12363:
11159:
11078:
11061:
10993:
10980:
10918:
10838:(+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A
10825:
10799:
10788:
10743:
10685:
10579:
10568:
10337:
10194:
10165:
10101:
10038:
9985:
9958:
9911:
9886:
9877:
9850:
9763:
9754:
9734:
9723:
9624:
9479:
9450:
9432:
9414:
9396:
9343:
9289:
9280:
9258:
9247:Polyalkylene derivatives:
9223:
9101:
9061:
9041:
8620:10.1007/s11910-010-0087-5
8392:10.1016/j.pio.2010.04.004
8053:10.1016/j.jfo.2020.07.023
7854:10.1016/j.tim.2007.02.004
7316:(FDA). 24 December 1999.
6868:Fortune Business Insights
6804:Chapman L (10 May 2012).
6187:The Journal of Physiology
6091:10.1016/j.mib.2012.05.005
6034:Aesthetic Surgery Journal
5749:10.3390/molecules16010202
4558:Krause R (10 June 2019).
4530:American Family Physician
4246:10.1007/s40272-017-0242-4
4187:Frontiers in Pharmacology
4092:UK Approves New Botox Use
3450:World Health Organization
3321:10.2106/JBJS.RVW.19.00119
3073:10.1080/10408410590912952
2141:syndrome (UMNS), such as
1690:This article needs to be
781:
769:
757:
752:
748:
732:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:
653:
641:
636:
624:
619:
614:
592:
575:
536:
531:
512:
483:
454:
438:
409:
380:
375:
296:
291:
265:
243:
217:
187:
173:
108:
97:
89:
79:
74:
49:of tertiary structure of
39:
14218:Diffusion-limited enzyme
14132:Insulin-degrading enzyme
12179:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
10231:beta-Nitropropionic acid
8930:(Bontoxilysin A) at the
8467:10.1001/archoto.2010.240
8380:Progress in Orthodontics
8008:10.1177/1756285614557475
7488:Petrou I (Spring 2009).
7463:"Botulinum Toxin Type A"
7298:– via PR Newswire.
6864:"Botulinum Toxin Market"
5345:(FDA). 3 November 2018.
4200:10.3389/fphar.2016.00029
4097:22 February 2014 at the
3817:10.1177/1756283X12468039
3446:"Fact sheets - Botulism"
2119:levator labii superioris
1944:horizontally transferred
1082:
1054:, Dysport/Azzalure from
500:Botulinum toxin B:
492:Botulinum toxin A:
471:Botulinum toxin B:
463:Botulinum toxin A:
426:Botulinum toxin B:
418:Botulinum toxin A:
397:Botulinum toxin B:
389:Botulinum toxin A:
274:Botulinum toxin A:
13442:Laura Mercier Cosmetics
13224:Anastasia Beverly Hills
13150:Cosmetic electrotherapy
12775:Botulinum toxin (Botox)
11356:+glycopyrronium bromide
10015:Heat-labile enterotoxin
10006:heat-stable enterotoxin
7531:Microbiological Reviews
7256:(FDA). 17 August 2011.
6669:10.1067/mhn.2000.110960
5942:(Supplement 8): S2–S6.
5895:10.1002/1873-3468.12969
4898:10.4103/0019-5154.60343
4816:(22 Suppl 6): S11–S23.
4367:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
4281:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
3647:Medical Science Monitor
3571:10.1001/jama.285.8.1059
3494:10.1002/1873-3468.13446
2013:The botulinum toxin is
1618:1983 US Orphan Drug Act
1322:and closely related to
1171:Guillain–Barré syndrome
13407:Jeffree Star Cosmetics
13334:Daigaku Honyaku Center
11106:3-Chloro-4-stillbazole
10124:Bacillus thuringiensis
9260:ACh release inhibitors
9142:intermediate duration:
8755:Clinical trial number
8657:(5 Suppl): 111S–119S.
8492:(Press release). U.S.
8343:The Angle Orthodontist
8096:10.1055/s-2008-1064563
8084:Facial Plastic Surgery
7842:Trends in Microbiology
7685:10.1186/1741-7007-7-66
7634:10.3390/toxins11010034
6584:Clinics in Dermatology
6555:(5 Suppl): 177S–188S.
5844:10.3390/toxins10100421
5586:10.3201/eid1110.041279
5244:(Press release). U.S.
5055:10.5114/ada.2019.82795
5006:10.5114/ada.2019.82795
4775:10.1055/s-0036-1571953
3941:The Permanente Journal
2223:headache medications.
1633:
1422:
1221:
1043:
955:Other muscle disorders
912:of the head and neck,
839:neuromuscular junction
810:), is a highly potent
14311:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
14244:Allosteric regulation
14107:Procollagen peptidase
13788:metalloendopeptidases
13349:Elizabeth Arden, Inc.
13254:Bath & Body Works
13199:Major cosmetic brands
13160:Cosmetics advertising
9111:ultra-short duration:
7346:(FDA). 5 March 2019.
7060:Clostridium botulinum
6930:. 27 September 2021.
6712:10.1001/jama.2012.505
5994:10.1212/wnl.53.8.1850
5783:Botulinum Neurotoxins
5544:10.1093/infdis/jit449
5216:Pharmaceutical Online
4763:Seminars in Neurology
2940:. 19 September 2022.
2261:premature ejaculation
2249:Premature ejaculation
2155:reciprocal inhibition
1955:anaerobic environment
1803:Clostridium botulinum
1631:
1476:Clostridium botulinum
1460:Clostridium botulinum
1435:Clostridium botulinum
1426:, meaning 'sausage'.
1390:Clostridium botulinum
1318:Botulinum toxins are
1240:by receptor-mediated
1207:
1155:Clostridium botulinum
1041:
972:In July 2016, the US
823:Clostridium botulinum
14321:Lineweaver–Burk plot
13537:Neal's Yard Remedies
13175:History of cosmetics
13155:Cosmetic ingredients
12667:Atracotoxins (e.g.,
12294:Tetrahydrocannabinol
11641:Diisopropylphosphate
10025:Pseudomonas exotoxin
9487:Arbaclofen placarbil
9180:Dimethyltubocurarine
9088:Dimethyltubocurarine
8356:10.2319/091407-437.1
8167:Journal of Marketing
7797:Applied Microbiology
5382:on 13 September 2015
5252:on 24 September 2015
4694:. 29 February 2024.
4613:. 7 September 2022.
4487:10.2147/CCID.S202919
3610:10.3121/cmr.2007.716
2901:. 28 February 2022.
2419:. 16 February 2023.
1933:C. argentinense
1847:create a new article
1839:improve this article
1546:Karl Friedrich Meyer
1510:improve this article
1330:, and in particular
1164:floppy baby syndrome
804:botulinum neurotoxin
161:rimabotulinumtoxinB
137:incobotulinumtoxinA
129:daxibotulinumtoxinA
13314:ColourPop Cosmetics
12917:Circle contact lens
12653:Tooltip Latrophilin
12355:Trimedoxime bromide
12284:Stercuronium iodide
12101:Tricresyl phosphate
11576:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
9234:Choline derivatives
9043:Peripherally acting
8262:The Washington Post
8207:. 22 January 2014.
7893:2009Txcn...54..575C
6279:1964Sci...145..719D
6152:1946Sci...103..613L
6040:(suppl_1): S4–S11.
5434:"Kinds of Botulism"
5418:. 13 January 2009.
3659:10.12659/MSM.911296
3452:. 10 January 2018.
2836:. 9 February 2021.
2621:. 7 February 2024.
2565:. 23 October 2014.
2535:. 23 October 2014.
2449:. 26 January 2023.
2074:infantile esotropia
2027:protease inhibitors
1668:Society and culture
1200:Mechanism of action
987:infantile esotropia
934:lower urinary tract
344:(Prescription only)
315:(Prescription only)
153:prabotulinumtoxinA
145:onabotulinumtoxinA
121:abobotulinumtoxinA
104:rimabotulinumtoxinB
36:
14280:Enzyme superfamily
14213:Enzyme promiscuity
13165:Cosmetic packaging
12922:Eyelash extensions
12172:Onchidella binneyi
11514:Organophosphates:
10941:Alpha-Bungarotoxin
10111:Lipopolysaccharide
10069:Pore-forming toxin
9398:Nonbenzodiazepines
9103:4° ammonium agents
8763:ClinicalTrials.gov
8500:on 19 October 2010
8179:10.1509/jm.10.0406
7728:. 19 August 2019.
7592:. 9 October 2018.
7230:on 13 January 2017
7161:Baselt RC (2014).
6396:The New York Times
6046:10.1093/asj/sjw284
5936:Movement Disorders
5135:The New York Times
4440:Accessdata.fda.gov
3953:10.7812/tpp/07-072
2713:. 2 October 2022.
2683:. 16 August 2022.
2364:. 10 February 2023
2139:upper motor neuron
1634:
1590:Daniel B. Drachman
1586:strabismus surgery
1456:Bacillus botulinus
1452:Bacillus botulinus
1444:Bacillus botulinus
1431:Émile van Ermengem
1275:composed of a 100-
1222:
1214:tetanus neurotoxin
1117:trouble swallowing
1044:
993:Excessive sweating
949:overactive bladder
920:, limbs, jaw, and
859:median lethal dose
32:
14436:
14435:
14145:
14144:
13750:
13749:
13715:
13714:
13692:Victoria's Secret
13402:Helena Rubinstein
13284:Bumble and bumble
13180:Cosmetic industry
12717:
12716:
12687:
12686:
12535:
12520:
12519:
12447:
12432:
12431:
12071:Tetrachlorvinphos
11946:Pirimiphos-methyl
11896:Oxydemeton-methyl
11846:Methyl phenkapton
11072:
11011:
11010:
10976:
10975:
10946:Beta-Bungarotoxin
10890:Pumiliotoxin 251D
10784:
10783:
10190:
10189:
10177:Clumping factor A
10097:
10096:
9981:
9980:
9954:
9953:
9873:
9872:
9642:
9641:
9620:
9619:
9276:
9275:
9241:(Succinylcholine)
9219:
9218:
8835:(18): 2091–2101.
8300:(12): ZE25–ZE29.
8265:. 12 April 2008.
7205:978-0-471-68678-1
7172:978-0-9626523-9-4
7100:978-0-323-39541-0
6793:on 12 March 2019.
6751:10.1111/bph.12763
6745:(18): 4177–4192.
6706:(16): 1736–1745.
6351:(10): 1044–1049.
6273:(3633): 719–721.
6146:(2681): 613–614.
5948:10.1002/mds.20003
5800:978-3-642-33569-3
5639:10.1159/000083259
5580:(10): 1578–1583.
5218:. 4 August 2009.
4881:"Botulinum toxin"
4738:. 29 April 2024.
4116:The Pharma Letter
4063:978-0-323-14160-4
3487:(12): 1403–1410.
3192:(Suppl 1): 2–10.
2871:. 22 March 2021.
2653:. 14 March 2017.
2190:cervical dystonia
2184:Cervical dystonia
2127:zygomaticus minor
2125:(LLSAN), and the
2008:C. botulinum
2004:
2003:
1940:C. botulinum
1921:C. butyricum
1916:C. botulinum
1875:
1874:
1867:
1849:, as appropriate.
1711:
1710:
1657:William J. Binder
1542:
1541:
1534:
1401:Baden-Württemberg
1367:; and a BoNT/Wo (
1266:flaccid paralysis
1236:the toxin into a
1175:myasthenia gravis
1159:C. botulinum
896:Muscle spasticity
843:flaccid paralysis
806:(commonly called
797:
796:
793:
792:
696:metabolic pathway
610:
609:
367:
352:
339:
322:
310:
233:
200:
34:Botulinum toxin A
16:(Redirected from
14540:
14513:Muscle relaxants
14493:Bacterial toxins
14465:
14464:
14463:
14453:
14452:
14444:
14316:Hanes–Woolf plot
14259:Enzyme activator
14254:Enzyme inhibitor
14228:Enzyme catalysis
14172:
14165:
14158:
14149:
14148:
13812:Alpha secretases
13777:
13770:
13763:
13754:
13753:
13727:
13726:
13512:Morphe Cosmetics
13477:Make Up For Ever
13294:Carol's Daughter
13195:
13194:
13073:Artificial nails
13030:Styling products
12835:Permanent makeup
12765:Anti-aging cream
12744:
12737:
12730:
12721:
12720:
12654:
12650:
12589:
12585:
12558:
12554:
12539:
12538:
12529:
12502:
12498:
12461:
12457:
12451:
12450:
12441:
12371:
12367:
12335:Asoxime chloride
11911:Parathion-methyl
11611:Demeton-S-methyl
11167:
11163:
11086:
11082:
11076:
11075:
11066:
11038:
11031:
11024:
11015:
11014:
11001:
11000:
10929:
10885:Histrionicotoxin
10831:
10805:
10797:
10796:
10749:
10703:Alpha-latrotoxin
10691:
10585:
10577:
10576:
10309:Sterigmatocystin
10261:, Fumonisin B3,
10225:epsilon-amanitin
10144:B. thuringiensis
9973:Diphtheria toxin
9916:
9884:
9883:
9853:
9769:
9761:
9760:
9752:
9751:
9741:
9740:
9732:
9731:
9669:
9662:
9655:
9646:
9645:
9597:Thiocolchicoside
9452:Anticholinergics
9416:Thienodiazepines
9287:
9286:
9282:Centrally acting
9212:(Hexafluorenium)
9068:
9067:
9063:Non-depolarizing
9059:
9058:
9030:muscle relaxants
9022:
9015:
9008:
8999:
8998:
8994:
8982:
8970:
8958:
8946:
8864:
8854:
8844:
8819:
8809:
8799:
8765:
8753:
8747:
8746:
8718:
8712:
8711:
8709:
8707:
8692:
8683:
8682:
8646:
8640:
8639:
8603:
8597:
8596:
8559:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8548:
8526:
8520:
8514:
8513:
8509:
8507:
8505:
8486:
8480:
8479:
8469:
8445:
8439:
8438:
8421:(6): 1042–1051.
8410:
8404:
8403:
8375:
8369:
8368:
8358:
8334:
8328:
8327:
8317:
8285:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8274:
8253:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8242:
8227:
8221:
8220:
8218:
8216:
8197:
8191:
8190:
8162:
8156:
8150:
8149:
8145:
8143:
8141:
8122:
8116:
8115:
8079:
8073:
8072:
8036:
8030:
8029:
8019:
7987:
7981:
7980:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7929:
7923:
7922:
7912:
7872:
7866:
7865:
7837:
7831:
7830:
7820:
7788:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7777:
7771:
7756:
7748:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7737:
7714:
7708:
7707:
7697:
7687:
7663:
7657:
7656:
7646:
7636:
7612:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7582:"About Botulism"
7578:
7565:
7564:
7554:
7522:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7506:on 20 March 2013
7505:
7499:. Archived from
7494:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7474:
7459:
7453:
7452:
7442:
7418:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7395:
7384:
7376:
7370:
7364:
7363:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7336:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7325:
7306:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7295:
7276:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7265:
7246:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7235:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7183:
7177:
7176:
7158:
7152:
7151:
7146:
7144:
7138:
7131:
7123:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7112:
7084:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7009:
6990:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6973:
6958:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6920:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6860:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6843:
6836:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6812:on 6 August 2012
6808:. Archived from
6801:
6795:
6794:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6762:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6695:
6689:
6688:
6652:
6646:
6645:
6617:
6608:
6607:
6579:
6573:
6572:
6544:
6535:
6534:
6506:
6497:
6496:
6479:(2–3): 216–228.
6468:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6441:
6430:
6422:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6386:
6377:
6376:
6340:
6334:
6333:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6210:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6115:. 24 June 2022.
6109:
6103:
6102:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6057:
6025:
6014:
6013:
5988:(8): 1850–1853.
5977:
5968:
5967:
5931:
5918:
5917:
5907:
5897:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5856:
5846:
5822:
5813:
5812:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5761:
5751:
5727:
5712:
5711:
5701:
5669:
5660:
5659:
5641:
5617:
5608:
5607:
5597:
5565:
5556:
5555:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5467:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5408:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5368:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5335:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5208:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5132:
5124:
5118:
5117:
5107:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5066:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5017:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4934:
4921:
4920:
4910:
4900:
4876:
4867:
4866:
4842:
4836:
4835:
4825:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4680:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4599:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4555:
4546:
4545:
4525:
4510:
4509:
4499:
4489:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4448:
4437:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4382:
4380:10.4065/80.5.657
4358:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4324:
4315:
4314:
4304:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4234:Paediatric Drugs
4229:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4202:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4108:
4102:
4089:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4047:
4041:
4040:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3988:(12): CD005493.
3981:
3975:
3974:
3964:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3902:European Urology
3896:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3869:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3828:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3761:
3748:
3747:
3737:
3728:(6): 455e–456e.
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3670:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3621:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3565:(8): 1059–1070.
3554:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3496:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3442:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3372:(10): CD001408.
3357:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3323:
3299:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3258:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3113:(4): 644e–657e.
3102:
3093:
3092:
3056:
3045:
3044:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2973:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2930:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2861:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2806:. 30 July 2021.
2796:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2773:. 28 July 2022.
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2479:. 21 June 2022.
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2388:nctr-crs.fda.gov
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2200:Chronic migraine
2067:hemifacial spasm
1999:
1996:
1977:
1969:
1906:Toxin production
1890:manufactured by
1870:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1537:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1494:
1486:
1425:
1376:Weissella oryzae
1372:
1360:
1354:
1328:Diphtheria toxin
1305:neurotransmitter
1089:neuropathic pain
883:
879:
864:
828:neurotransmitter
817:produced by the
750:
749:
612:
611:
606:
605:
598:
587:
585:
568:
562:
556:
550:
544:
527:
516:
505:
497:
476:
468:
431:
423:
402:
394:
365:
362:
357:
350:
347:
337:
334:
330:
321:
318:
308:
305:
283:
231:
228:
210:
199:
196:
183:
166:
158:
150:
142:
134:
126:
68:
58:
44:
37:
35:
31:
21:
14548:
14547:
14543:
14542:
14541:
14539:
14538:
14537:
14533:Protein domains
14528:Plastic surgery
14473:
14472:
14471:
14461:
14459:
14447:
14439:
14437:
14432:
14344:Oxidoreductases
14330:
14306:Enzyme kinetics
14294:
14290:List of enzymes
14263:
14232:
14203:Catalytic triad
14181:
14176:
14146:
14141:
14090:
13943:
13798:
13781:
13751:
13746:
13711:
13652:Tarte Cosmetics
13532:Nature Republic
13427:Kylie Cosmetics
13412:Kao Corporation
13200:
13189:
13138:
13134:Sunless tanning
13124:Plastic surgery
13097:
13061:
12951:
12900:
12864:
12860:Venetian ceruse
12825:Moist towelette
12753:
12748:
12718:
12713:
12683:
12652:
12633:
12593:Botulinum toxin
12587:
12562:Botulinum toxin
12556:
12528:
12516:
12500:
12490:
12476:Triethylcholine
12459:
12440:
12428:
12369:
12359:
12279:Rosmarinic acid
12046:Sulfotep (TEDP)
11716:Ethylsarin (GE)
11596:Cyclosarin (GF)
11566:Chlorfenvinphos
11556:Carbophenothion
11536:Azinphos-methyl
11165:
11155:
11121:Acryloylcholine
11084:
11065:
11057:
11042:
11012:
11007:
10989:
10972:
10968:Cardiotoxin III
10924:
10919:
10914:
10826:
10821:
10800:
10792:
10780:
10744:
10739:
10686:
10681:
10580:
10572:
10564:
10468:Resiniferatoxin
10333:
10186:
10168:
10161:
10126:delta endotoxin
10093:
10034:
10020:Pertussis toxin
9988:
9977:
9950:
9912:
9907:
9869:
9865:Listeriolysin O
9851:
9846:
9764:
9746:
9726:
9719:
9673:
9643:
9638:
9626:Directly acting
9616:
9475:
9466:Cyclobenzaprine
9457:Antimuscarinics
9454:
9446:
9428:
9410:
9392:
9345:Benzodiazepines
9339:
9272:
9268:Botulinum toxin
9254:
9215:
9097:
9051:
9045:
9037:
9026:
8985:
8973:
8961:
8949:
8937:
8871:
8774:
8772:Further reading
8769:
8768:
8754:
8750:
8719:
8715:
8705:
8703:
8694:
8693:
8686:
8647:
8643:
8604:
8600:
8560:
8556:
8546:
8544:
8527:
8523:
8511:
8503:
8501:
8488:
8487:
8483:
8446:
8442:
8411:
8407:
8376:
8372:
8335:
8331:
8286:
8282:
8272:
8270:
8255:
8254:
8250:
8240:
8238:
8237:on 26 June 2011
8229:
8228:
8224:
8214:
8212:
8199:
8198:
8194:
8163:
8159:
8147:
8139:
8137:
8136:on 8 March 2010
8124:
8123:
8119:
8080:
8076:
8037:
8033:
7988:
7984:
7958:
7957:
7953:
7930:
7926:
7873:
7869:
7838:
7834:
7789:
7785:
7775:
7773:
7769:
7754:
7750:
7749:
7745:
7735:
7733:
7716:
7715:
7711:
7664:
7660:
7613:
7609:
7599:
7597:
7580:
7579:
7568:
7523:
7519:
7509:
7507:
7503:
7492:
7486:
7482:
7472:
7470:
7461:
7460:
7456:
7419:
7410:
7399:
7397:
7393:
7382:
7378:
7377:
7373:
7361:
7353:
7351:
7338:
7337:
7333:
7323:
7321:
7308:
7307:
7303:
7293:
7291:
7278:
7277:
7273:
7263:
7261:
7248:
7247:
7243:
7233:
7231:
7218:
7217:
7213:
7206:
7184:
7180:
7173:
7159:
7155:
7142:
7140:
7136:
7129:
7125:
7124:
7120:
7110:
7108:
7101:
7085:
7081:
7071:
7069:
7054:
7050:
7040:
7038:
7021:
7017:
7007:
7005:
6992:
6991:
6987:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6956:
6952:
6951:
6947:
6937:
6935:
6928:MedicareFAQ.com
6922:
6921:
6917:
6907:
6905:
6892:
6891:
6887:
6877:
6875:
6862:
6861:
6857:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6834:
6830:
6829:
6825:
6815:
6813:
6802:
6798:
6787:Plastic Surgery
6781:
6780:
6776:
6731:
6727:
6696:
6692:
6653:
6649:
6618:
6611:
6580:
6576:
6545:
6538:
6507:
6500:
6469:
6465:
6453:
6445:
6443:
6439:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6416:
6406:
6404:
6387:
6380:
6341:
6337:
6324:(12): 924–927.
6314:
6310:
6263:
6259:
6228:
6224:
6179:
6175:
6136:
6132:
6122:
6120:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6075:
6071:
6026:
6017:
5978:
5971:
5932:
5921:
5874:
5870:
5823:
5816:
5801:
5779:
5775:
5728:
5715:
5670:
5663:
5618:
5611:
5566:
5559:
5528:
5524:
5514:
5512:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5484:
5482:
5469:
5468:
5457:
5447:
5445:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5393:
5385:
5383:
5370:
5369:
5362:
5352:
5350:
5337:
5336:
5325:
5315:
5313:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5285:
5283:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5255:
5253:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5210:
5209:
5202:
5190:
5182:
5180:
5179:on 2 March 2012
5167:
5166:
5162:
5152:
5150:
5125:
5121:
5084:
5080:
5035:
5031:
4986:
4982:
4972:
4970:
4935:
4924:
4877:
4870:
4849:(9): CD008271.
4843:
4839:
4802:
4798:
4759:
4755:
4745:
4743:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4709:
4701:
4699:
4682:
4681:
4666:
4656:
4654:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4628:
4620:
4618:
4601:
4600:
4583:
4573:
4571:
4556:
4549:
4526:
4513:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4359:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4325:
4318:
4287:(10): 982–990.
4273:
4269:
4230:
4226:
4179:
4175:
4163:
4155:
4153:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4099:Wayback Machine
4090:
4083:
4073:
4071:
4064:
4048:
4044:
4013:
4009:
3982:
3978:
3933:
3929:
3897:
3893:
3846:
3842:
3797:
3793:
3772:(10): 609–614.
3762:
3751:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3639:
3635:
3590:
3586:
3555:
3551:
3514:
3510:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3444:
3443:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3407:
3403:
3358:
3347:
3300:
3285:
3275:
3273:
3260:
3259:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3182:
3178:
3149:
3142:
3103:
3096:
3057:
3048:
3009:
3005:
2974:
2957:
2947:
2945:
2932:
2931:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2863:
2862:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2743:. 10 May 2022.
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2595:. 15 March 2022
2587:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2304:. 5 August 2024
2296:
2295:
2278:
2273:
2257:
2251:
2235:
2229:
2208:
2202:
2186:
2171:
2135:
2082:
2050:
2044:
2039:
2019:metalloprotease
2000:
1994:
1991:
1984:needs expansion
1978:
1967:
1927:C. baratii
1908:
1871:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1836:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1792:
1770:
1761:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1727:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1654:
1626:
1574:
1554:
1538:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1507:
1495:
1484:
1413:Justinus Kerner
1399:in what is now
1393:
1385:
1368:
1361:) found in cow
1356:
1350:
1293:metalloprotease
1202:
1151:
1145:
1143:Role in disease
1109:
1085:
1036:
1007:
995:
957:
898:
890:
881:
877:
874:intramuscularly
862:
841:, thus causing
837:endings at the
800:Botulinum toxin
601:
599:
596:(what is this?)
593:
583:
581:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
508:
479:
450:
434:
405:
371:
355:
328:
287:
246:
239:
220:
213:
208:Botulinum toxin
169:
70:
64:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14546:
14536:
14535:
14530:
14525:
14520:
14515:
14510:
14505:
14500:
14498:Protein toxins
14495:
14490:
14485:
14470:
14469:
14457:
14434:
14433:
14431:
14430:
14417:
14404:
14391:
14378:
14365:
14352:
14338:
14336:
14332:
14331:
14329:
14328:
14323:
14318:
14313:
14308:
14302:
14300:
14296:
14295:
14293:
14292:
14287:
14282:
14277:
14271:
14269:
14268:Classification
14265:
14264:
14262:
14261:
14256:
14251:
14246:
14240:
14238:
14234:
14233:
14231:
14230:
14225:
14220:
14215:
14210:
14205:
14200:
14195:
14189:
14187:
14183:
14182:
14175:
14174:
14167:
14160:
14152:
14143:
14142:
14140:
14139:
14134:
14129:
14124:
14119:
14114:
14109:
14104:
14098:
14096:
14092:
14091:
14089:
14088:
14083:
14078:
14073:
14068:
14063:
14058:
14053:
14048:
14043:
14038:
14033:
14028:
14023:
14018:
14013:
14008:
14003:
13998:
13993:
13988:
13987:
13986:
13981:
13971:
13970:
13969:
13964:
13953:
13951:
13945:
13944:
13942:
13941:
13936:
13931:
13926:
13921:
13916:
13911:
13906:
13901:
13896:
13891:
13886:
13881:
13876:
13871:
13866:
13861:
13856:
13851:
13846:
13841:
13836:
13835:
13834:
13829:
13824:
13819:
13808:
13806:
13800:
13799:
13780:
13779:
13772:
13765:
13757:
13748:
13747:
13745:
13744:
13739:
13734:
13729:
13720:
13717:
13716:
13713:
13712:
13710:
13709:
13704:
13699:
13694:
13689:
13684:
13679:
13674:
13669:
13664:
13659:
13654:
13649:
13644:
13639:
13634:
13629:
13624:
13619:
13614:
13609:
13604:
13602:Richard Hudnut
13599:
13594:
13589:
13584:
13579:
13574:
13569:
13564:
13559:
13554:
13549:
13544:
13539:
13534:
13529:
13527:Natural Wonder
13524:
13519:
13514:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13474:
13469:
13464:
13462:Love Cosmetics
13459:
13454:
13449:
13444:
13439:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13419:
13414:
13409:
13404:
13399:
13394:
13389:
13384:
13381:
13376:
13371:
13366:
13361:
13356:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13336:
13331:
13326:
13321:
13316:
13311:
13306:
13301:
13296:
13291:
13286:
13281:
13276:
13271:
13266:
13261:
13256:
13251:
13246:
13241:
13236:
13231:
13226:
13221:
13216:
13211:
13205:
13202:
13201:
13191:
13190:
13188:
13187:
13185:Male cosmetics
13182:
13177:
13172:
13167:
13162:
13157:
13152:
13146:
13144:
13140:
13139:
13137:
13136:
13131:
13129:Skin whitening
13126:
13121:
13116:
13111:
13105:
13103:
13099:
13098:
13096:
13095:
13090:
13085:
13080:
13075:
13069:
13067:
13063:
13062:
13060:
13059:
13058:
13057:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13037:
13027:
13022:
13017:
13016:
13015:
13010:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12970:
12965:
12959:
12957:
12953:
12952:
12950:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12934:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12912:Blepharoplasty
12908:
12906:
12902:
12901:
12899:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12872:
12870:
12866:
12865:
12863:
12862:
12857:
12852:
12847:
12842:
12837:
12832:
12827:
12822:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12767:
12761:
12759:
12755:
12754:
12747:
12746:
12739:
12732:
12724:
12715:
12714:
12712:
12711:
12706:
12701:
12696:
12692:
12689:
12688:
12685:
12684:
12682:
12681:
12676:
12661:
12660:
12643:
12641:
12635:
12634:
12632:
12631:
12628:γ-bungarotoxin
12624:β-bungarotoxin
12613:
12612:
12578:
12577:
12547:
12545:
12536:
12522:
12521:
12518:
12517:
12515:
12514:
12505:
12503:
12492:
12491:
12489:
12488:
12479:
12478:
12473:
12464:
12462:
12448:
12434:
12433:
12430:
12429:
12427:
12426:
12423:
12418:
12413:
12408:
12403:
12398:
12393:
12388:
12383:
12374:
12372:
12361:
12360:
12358:
12357:
12352:
12347:
12342:
12337:
12327:
12326:
12321:
12316:
12311:
12306:
12301:
12296:
12291:
12286:
12281:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12251:
12246:
12241:
12236:
12231:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12182:
12181:
12176:
12164:
12142:
12133:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12013:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11968:
11963:
11958:
11953:
11948:
11943:
11938:
11933:
11928:
11923:
11918:
11913:
11908:
11903:
11898:
11893:
11888:
11886:Novichok agent
11883:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11823:
11818:
11813:
11808:
11806:Isofluorophate
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11763:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11743:
11738:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11603:
11598:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11561:Chlorethoxyfos
11558:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11538:
11533:
11531:Azinphos-ethyl
11528:
11523:
11518:
11508:
11507:
11502:
11497:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11371:Pyridostigmine
11368:
11363:
11358:
11350:
11345:
11340:
11331:
11326:
11321:
11316:
11311:
11306:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11241:
11236:
11231:
11226:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11170:
11168:
11157:
11156:
11154:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11089:
11087:
11073:
11059:
11058:
11041:
11040:
11033:
11026:
11018:
11009:
11008:
11006:
11005:
10994:
10991:
10990:
10988:
10987:
10981:
10978:
10977:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10949:
10948:
10943:
10932:
10930:
10916:
10915:
10913:
10912:
10910:Zetekitoxin AB
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10876:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10845:
10840:
10834:
10832:
10823:
10822:
10820:
10819:
10814:
10808:
10806:
10794:
10786:
10785:
10782:
10781:
10779:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10752:
10750:
10741:
10740:
10738:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10706:
10705:
10694:
10692:
10683:
10682:
10680:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10588:
10586:
10574:
10566:
10565:
10563:
10562:
10557:
10556:
10555:
10550:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10458:Pseudaconitine
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10425:
10420:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10398:Djenkolic acid
10395:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10344:
10342:
10335:
10334:
10332:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10221:gamma-amanitin
10213:alpha-amanitin
10206:
10200:
10198:
10192:
10191:
10188:
10187:
10185:
10184:
10179:
10173:
10171:
10163:
10162:
10160:
10159:
10158:
10157:
10152:
10140:
10139:
10138:
10133:
10120:
10119:
10118:
10107:
10105:
10099:
10098:
10095:
10094:
10092:
10091:
10090:
10089:
10073:
10072:
10071:
10059:
10058:
10057:
10044:
10042:
10036:
10035:
10033:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10017:
10008:
10000:
9993:
9991:
9983:
9982:
9979:
9978:
9976:
9975:
9970:
9964:
9962:
9960:Actinomycetota
9956:
9955:
9952:
9951:
9949:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9919:
9917:
9914:Staphylococcus
9909:
9908:
9906:
9905:
9904:
9903:
9893:
9887:
9881:
9875:
9874:
9871:
9870:
9868:
9867:
9862:
9856:
9854:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9844:
9843:
9842:
9830:
9829:
9828:
9823:
9811:
9810:
9809:
9804:
9792:
9791:
9790:
9785:
9772:
9770:
9758:
9749:
9738:
9729:
9721:
9720:
9718:
9717:
9716:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9672:
9671:
9664:
9657:
9649:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9636:
9630:
9628:
9622:
9621:
9618:
9617:
9615:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9483:
9481:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9473:
9468:
9462:
9460:
9448:
9447:
9445:
9444:
9438:
9436:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9420:
9418:
9412:
9411:
9409:
9408:
9402:
9400:
9394:
9393:
9391:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9349:
9347:
9341:
9340:
9338:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9296:
9294:
9284:
9278:
9277:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9270:
9264:
9262:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9252:
9243:
9242:
9229:
9227:
9221:
9220:
9217:
9216:
9214:
9213:
9203:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:long duration:
9168:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9138:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9121:short duration
9117:
9116:
9107:
9105:
9099:
9098:
9096:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9079:
9077:
9065:
9056:
9039:
9038:
9025:
9024:
9017:
9010:
9002:
8996:
8995:
8983:
8971:
8959:
8947:
8935:
8914:
8893:
8870:
8869:External links
8867:
8866:
8865:
8820:
8773:
8770:
8767:
8766:
8748:
8713:
8684:
8641:
8614:(2): 140–146.
8598:
8571:(6): 921–936.
8554:
8521:
8481:
8460:(4): 339–344.
8440:
8405:
8370:
8329:
8280:
8248:
8222:
8192:
8157:
8117:
8090:(2): 141–146.
8074:
8047:(4): 509–518.
8031:
7982:
7951:
7940:(4): 212–217.
7924:
7887:(5): 575–582.
7867:
7848:(4): 172–180.
7832:
7803:(2): 249–256.
7783:
7743:
7709:
7658:
7607:
7566:
7517:
7480:
7454:
7408:
7371:
7331:
7301:
7271:
7241:
7211:
7204:
7178:
7171:
7153:
7118:
7099:
7079:
7048:
7037:on 1 June 2011
7015:
6985:
6945:
6915:
6885:
6855:
6823:
6796:
6774:
6725:
6690:
6663:(6): 669–676.
6647:
6609:
6590:(6): 469–472.
6574:
6536:
6517:(2): 353–355.
6498:
6463:
6442:on 6 July 2010
6414:
6378:
6335:
6308:
6257:
6238:(5): 489–491.
6222:
6193:(1–2): 10–24.
6173:
6130:
6104:
6085:(3): 292–299.
6069:
6015:
5969:
5919:
5888:(3): 310–317.
5868:
5814:
5799:
5773:
5742:(1): 202–220.
5713:
5684:(1): 811–837.
5661:
5632:(1): 180–185.
5609:
5557:
5538:(2): 183–191.
5522:
5492:
5455:
5425:
5403:
5360:
5323:
5312:on 2 June 2015
5293:
5282:on 1 July 2015
5263:
5233:
5200:
5160:
5119:
5078:
5049:(6): 853–861.
5029:
5000:(6): 853–861.
4980:
4949:(3): 407–415.
4922:
4868:
4837:
4796:
4753:
4719:
4664:
4638:
4581:
4564:refinery29.com
4547:
4536:(3): 168–175.
4511:
4460:
4424:
4394:
4373:(5): 657–666.
4350:
4316:
4267:
4240:(4): 367–373.
4224:
4173:
4133:
4103:
4081:
4062:
4042:
4007:
3976:
3927:
3908:(4): 784–795.
3891:
3840:
3811:(2): 115–135.
3791:
3749:
3708:
3682:
3633:
3604:(2): 132–138.
3584:
3549:
3528:(5): 489–503.
3508:
3467:
3432:
3401:
3345:
3283:
3248:
3219:
3176:
3140:
3094:
3046:
3019:(4): 705–722.
3003:
2984:(3): 274–279.
2955:
2916:
2886:
2851:
2821:
2788:
2758:
2728:
2698:
2668:
2636:
2606:
2580:
2550:
2520:
2494:
2464:
2434:
2404:
2375:
2346:
2315:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2250:
2247:
2228:
2225:
2201:
2198:
2185:
2182:
2170:
2167:
2143:cerebral palsy
2134:
2131:
2081:
2078:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2002:
2001:
1981:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1907:
1904:
1873:
1872:
1833:of the subject
1831:worldwide view
1826:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1798:Baader-Meinhof
1790:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1709:
1708:
1689:
1687:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1653:
1650:
1625:
1622:
1582:electromyogram
1573:
1570:
1562:Chemical Corps
1553:
1550:
1540:
1539:
1498:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1472:Georgina Burke
1392:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1285:disulfide bond
1262:SNARE proteins
1201:
1198:
1147:Main article:
1144:
1141:
1108:
1105:
1101:cerebral palsy
1084:
1081:
1035:
1032:
1006:
1003:
994:
991:
956:
953:
904:, post-stroke
902:cerebral palsy
897:
894:
889:
886:
795:
794:
791:
790:
785:
779:
778:
773:
767:
766:
761:
755:
754:
746:
745:
736:
730:
729:
718:
711:
710:
705:
699:
698:
693:
687:
686:
681:
675:
674:
669:
663:
662:
657:
651:
650:
645:
639:
638:
634:
633:
628:
622:
621:
617:
616:
608:
607:
590:
589:
579:
573:
572:
569:
563:
557:
551:
545:
540:
534:
533:
529:
528:
518:
510:
509:
507:
506:
498:
489:
487:
481:
480:
478:
477:
469:
460:
458:
452:
451:
449:
448:
444:
442:
436:
435:
433:
432:
424:
415:
413:
407:
406:
404:
403:
395:
386:
384:
378:
377:
373:
372:
370:
369:
360:
345:
332:
316:
302:
300:
294:
293:
289:
288:
286:
285:
271:
269:
263:
262:
249:
247:administration
241:
240:
238:
237:
235:
225:
223:
215:
214:
212:
211:
193:
191:
185:
184:
177:
171:
170:
168:
167:
159:
151:
143:
135:
127:
118:
116:
106:
105:
101:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
77:
76:
72:
71:
47:Ribbon diagram
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14545:
14534:
14531:
14529:
14526:
14524:
14521:
14519:
14516:
14514:
14511:
14509:
14506:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14480:
14478:
14468:
14458:
14456:
14451:
14446:
14445:
14442:
14428:
14424:
14423:
14418:
14415:
14411:
14410:
14405:
14402:
14398:
14397:
14392:
14389:
14385:
14384:
14379:
14376:
14372:
14371:
14366:
14363:
14359:
14358:
14353:
14350:
14346:
14345:
14340:
14339:
14337:
14333:
14327:
14324:
14322:
14319:
14317:
14314:
14312:
14309:
14307:
14304:
14303:
14301:
14297:
14291:
14288:
14286:
14285:Enzyme family
14283:
14281:
14278:
14276:
14273:
14272:
14270:
14266:
14260:
14257:
14255:
14252:
14250:
14249:Cooperativity
14247:
14245:
14242:
14241:
14239:
14235:
14229:
14226:
14224:
14221:
14219:
14216:
14214:
14211:
14209:
14208:Oxyanion hole
14206:
14204:
14201:
14199:
14196:
14194:
14191:
14190:
14188:
14184:
14180:
14173:
14168:
14166:
14161:
14159:
14154:
14153:
14150:
14138:
14135:
14133:
14130:
14128:
14125:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14113:
14110:
14108:
14105:
14103:
14100:
14099:
14097:
14093:
14087:
14084:
14082:
14079:
14077:
14074:
14072:
14069:
14067:
14064:
14062:
14059:
14057:
14054:
14052:
14049:
14047:
14044:
14042:
14039:
14037:
14034:
14032:
14029:
14027:
14024:
14022:
14019:
14017:
14014:
14012:
14009:
14007:
14004:
14002:
13999:
13997:
13994:
13992:
13989:
13985:
13982:
13980:
13977:
13976:
13975:
13972:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13959:
13958:
13955:
13954:
13952:
13950:
13946:
13940:
13937:
13935:
13932:
13930:
13927:
13925:
13922:
13920:
13917:
13915:
13912:
13910:
13907:
13905:
13902:
13900:
13897:
13895:
13892:
13890:
13887:
13885:
13882:
13880:
13877:
13875:
13872:
13870:
13867:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13850:
13847:
13845:
13842:
13840:
13837:
13833:
13830:
13828:
13825:
13823:
13820:
13818:
13815:
13814:
13813:
13810:
13809:
13807:
13805:
13804:ADAM proteins
13801:
13796:
13793:
13789:
13785:
13778:
13773:
13771:
13766:
13764:
13759:
13758:
13755:
13743:
13740:
13738:
13735:
13733:
13730:
13722:
13721:
13718:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13695:
13693:
13690:
13688:
13685:
13683:
13680:
13678:
13675:
13673:
13670:
13668:
13665:
13663:
13662:The Face Shop
13660:
13658:
13657:The Body Shop
13655:
13653:
13650:
13648:
13645:
13643:
13640:
13638:
13635:
13633:
13632:Sinful Colors
13630:
13628:
13625:
13623:
13620:
13618:
13615:
13613:
13610:
13608:
13605:
13603:
13600:
13598:
13595:
13593:
13590:
13588:
13585:
13583:
13580:
13578:
13575:
13573:
13570:
13568:
13565:
13563:
13560:
13558:
13557:NYX Cosmetics
13555:
13553:
13550:
13548:
13545:
13543:
13540:
13538:
13535:
13533:
13530:
13528:
13525:
13523:
13520:
13518:
13515:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13472:MAC Cosmetics
13470:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13458:
13455:
13453:
13450:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13440:
13438:
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13408:
13405:
13403:
13400:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13382:
13380:
13377:
13375:
13372:
13370:
13367:
13365:
13362:
13360:
13357:
13355:
13352:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13340:
13337:
13335:
13332:
13330:
13327:
13325:
13322:
13320:
13317:
13315:
13312:
13310:
13307:
13305:
13302:
13300:
13297:
13295:
13292:
13290:
13287:
13285:
13282:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13237:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13222:
13220:
13217:
13215:
13212:
13210:
13207:
13206:
13203:
13196:
13192:
13186:
13183:
13181:
13178:
13176:
13173:
13171:
13168:
13166:
13163:
13161:
13158:
13156:
13153:
13151:
13148:
13147:
13145:
13141:
13135:
13132:
13130:
13127:
13125:
13122:
13120:
13117:
13115:
13112:
13110:
13107:
13106:
13104:
13100:
13094:
13091:
13089:
13086:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13074:
13071:
13070:
13068:
13064:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13032:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13014:
13011:
13009:
13006:
13004:
13001:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12975:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12960:
12958:
12954:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12909:
12907:
12903:
12897:
12894:
12892:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12879:
12877:
12874:
12873:
12871:
12867:
12861:
12858:
12856:
12853:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12843:
12841:
12838:
12836:
12833:
12831:
12828:
12826:
12823:
12821:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12810:Facial toning
12808:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
12762:
12760:
12756:
12752:
12745:
12740:
12738:
12733:
12731:
12726:
12725:
12722:
12710:
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12694:
12693:
12690:
12680:
12677:
12674:
12670:
12666:
12663:
12662:
12659:
12656:
12651:
12645:
12644:
12642:
12640:
12636:
12629:
12625:
12621:
12620:Bungarotoxins
12618:
12615:
12614:
12610:
12606:
12602:
12598:
12594:
12591:
12590:inactivators:
12586:
12580:
12579:
12575:
12571:
12567:
12563:
12560:
12559:inactivators:
12555:
12549:
12548:
12546:
12544:
12540:
12537:
12533:
12527:
12523:
12513:
12510:
12507:
12506:
12504:
12499:
12493:
12487:
12484:
12481:
12480:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12466:
12465:
12463:
12458:
12452:
12449:
12445:
12439:
12435:
12424:
12422:
12421:ZINC-12613047
12419:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12407:
12404:
12402:
12399:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12389:
12387:
12384:
12382:
12379:
12376:
12375:
12373:
12368:
12362:
12356:
12353:
12351:
12348:
12346:
12343:
12341:
12338:
12336:
12332:
12329:
12328:
12325:
12322:
12320:
12317:
12315:
12312:
12310:
12307:
12305:
12302:
12300:
12297:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12264:Lactucopicrin
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12242:
12240:
12237:
12235:
12232:
12230:
12227:
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12190:
12187:
12184:
12183:
12180:
12177:
12174:
12173:
12168:
12165:
12162:
12158:
12154:
12150:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12096:Trichloronate
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11962:
11959:
11957:
11954:
11952:
11949:
11947:
11944:
11942:
11939:
11937:
11934:
11932:
11929:
11927:
11924:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11909:
11907:
11904:
11902:
11899:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11879:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11871:Monocrotophos
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11836:Methamidophos
11834:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11817:
11814:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11711:Echothiophate
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11513:
11512:Irreversible:
11510:
11509:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11493:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11376:Quilostigmine
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11366:Physostigmine
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:; Stigmines:
11335:
11332:
11330:
11327:
11325:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11307:
11305:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11242:
11240:
11237:
11235:
11234:Chloropropham
11232:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11181:
11178:
11176:
11172:
11171:
11169:
11164:
11158:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11091:
11090:
11088:
11083:
11077:
11074:
11070:
11064:
11060:
11056:
11053:
11049:
11046:
11045:Acetylcholine
11039:
11034:
11032:
11027:
11025:
11020:
11019:
11016:
11004:
10996:
10995:
10992:
10986:
10983:
10982:
10979:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10938:
10937:
10934:
10933:
10931:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10900:Samandaridine
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10874:
10873:Marinobufagin
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10850:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10843:Batrachotoxin
10841:
10839:
10836:
10835:
10833:
10829:
10824:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10809:
10807:
10803:
10798:
10795:
10791:
10787:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10753:
10751:
10747:
10742:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10711:
10708:
10704:
10701:
10700:
10699:
10696:
10695:
10693:
10689:
10684:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10597:Charybdotoxin
10595:
10593:
10590:
10589:
10587:
10583:
10578:
10575:
10571:
10567:
10561:
10558:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10545:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10508:Solauricidine
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10453:Protoanemonin
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10438:Oenanthotoxin
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10336:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10314:Trichothecene
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10274:Ibotenic acid
10272:
10270:
10267:
10264:
10260:
10256:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10226:
10222:
10218:
10217:beta-amanitin
10214:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10201:
10199:
10197:
10193:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10174:
10172:
10170:
10164:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10147:
10145:
10141:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10128:
10127:
10125:
10121:
10117:
10114:
10113:
10112:
10109:
10108:
10106:
10104:
10100:
10088:
10084:
10081:
10080:
10079:
10078:
10074:
10070:
10067:
10066:
10065:
10064:
10060:
10056:
10053:
10052:
10051:
10050:
10046:
10045:
10043:
10041:
10037:
10031:
10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10012:
10011:Cholera toxin
10009:
10007:
10005:
10001:
9998:
9995:
9994:
9992:
9990:
9984:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9965:
9963:
9961:
9957:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9928:
9924:
9921:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9910:
9902:
9899:
9898:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9888:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9876:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9860:Anthrax toxin
9858:
9857:
9855:
9849:
9841:
9838:
9837:
9836:
9835:
9831:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9818:
9817:
9816:
9812:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9799:
9798:
9797:
9793:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9783:Tetanospasmin
9781:
9780:
9779:
9778:
9774:
9773:
9771:
9767:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9722:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9680:
9679:
9676:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9663:
9658:
9656:
9651:
9650:
9647:
9635:
9632:
9631:
9629:
9627:
9623:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9562:Methocarbamol
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9552:Mephenoxalone
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9507:Chlorzoxazone
9505:
9503:
9502:Chlorphenesin
9500:
9498:
9497:Chlormezanone
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9484:
9482:
9478:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9453:
9449:
9443:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9435:
9431:
9425:
9422:
9421:
9419:
9417:
9413:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9401:
9399:
9395:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9368:Flunitrazepam
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9346:
9342:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9325:Phenprobamate
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9310:Difebarbamate
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9291:Carbamic acid
9288:
9285:
9283:
9279:
9269:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9261:
9257:
9251:
9250:Hexamethonium
9248:
9245:
9244:
9240:
9239:Suxamethonium
9237:
9235:
9231:
9230:
9228:
9226:
9222:
9211:
9210:Hexafluronium
9208:
9205:
9204:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9170:
9169:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9150:Cisatracurium
9148:
9146:
9143:
9140:
9139:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9122:
9119:
9118:
9115:
9112:
9109:
9108:
9106:
9104:
9100:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9080:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9060:
9057:
9054:
9049:
9048:antinicotinic
9044:
9040:
9035:
9031:
9023:
9018:
9016:
9011:
9009:
9004:
9003:
9000:
8992:
8988:
8984:
8980:
8976:
8972:
8968:
8964:
8960:
8956:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8936:
8933:
8929:
8928:
8923:
8919:
8915:
8912:
8908:
8907:
8902:
8898:
8894:
8891:
8887:
8886:
8881:
8877:
8873:
8872:
8862:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8834:
8830:
8826:
8821:
8817:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8789:
8785:
8781:
8776:
8775:
8764:
8760:
8759:
8752:
8744:
8740:
8736:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8717:
8701:
8697:
8691:
8689:
8680:
8676:
8672:
8668:
8664:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8645:
8637:
8633:
8629:
8625:
8621:
8617:
8613:
8609:
8602:
8594:
8590:
8586:
8582:
8578:
8574:
8570:
8566:
8558:
8542:
8538:
8537:
8532:
8525:
8518:
8517:public domain
8499:
8495:
8491:
8485:
8477:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8459:
8455:
8451:
8444:
8436:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8420:
8416:
8409:
8401:
8397:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8381:
8374:
8366:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8348:
8344:
8340:
8333:
8325:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8307:
8303:
8299:
8295:
8291:
8284:
8268:
8264:
8263:
8258:
8252:
8236:
8232:
8226:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8196:
8188:
8184:
8180:
8176:
8172:
8168:
8161:
8154:
8153:public domain
8135:
8131:
8127:
8121:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8101:
8097:
8093:
8089:
8085:
8078:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8035:
8027:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8009:
8005:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7986:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7962:
7961:Ophthalmology
7955:
7947:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7928:
7920:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7886:
7882:
7878:
7871:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7836:
7828:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7810:
7806:
7802:
7798:
7794:
7787:
7768:
7764:
7762:
7753:
7747:
7731:
7727:
7725:
7719:
7713:
7705:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7669:
7662:
7654:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7626:
7622:
7618:
7611:
7595:
7591:
7589:
7583:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7571:
7562:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7521:
7502:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7468:
7464:
7458:
7450:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7406:See PDF p. 7.
7392:
7388:
7381:
7375:
7368:
7367:public domain
7349:
7345:
7341:
7335:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7305:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7275:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7245:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7215:
7207:
7201:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7182:
7174:
7168:
7164:
7157:
7150:
7135:
7132:. U.S. Army.
7128:
7122:
7106:
7102:
7096:
7092:
7091:
7083:
7067:
7063:
7061:
7052:
7036:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7019:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6989:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6955:
6949:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6919:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6889:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6859:
6840:
6833:
6827:
6811:
6807:
6800:
6792:
6788:
6784:
6778:
6770:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6729:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6694:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6651:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6616:
6614:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6578:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6543:
6541:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6505:
6503:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6473:Health Policy
6467:
6460:
6459:public domain
6438:
6434:
6427:
6421:
6419:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6385:
6383:
6374:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6345:Ophthalmology
6339:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6312:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6261:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6232:Ophthalmology
6226:
6218:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6177:
6169:
6165:
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6100:
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6084:
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6073:
6065:
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6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6024:
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6011:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5976:
5974:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5915:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5872:
5864:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5821:
5819:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5777:
5769:
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5760:
5755:
5750:
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5733:
5726:
5724:
5722:
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5709:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5668:
5666:
5657:
5653:
5649:
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5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5616:
5614:
5605:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5562:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5526:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5400:
5399:public domain
5381:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5311:
5307:
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5297:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5267:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5237:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5207:
5205:
5197:
5196:public domain
5178:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5131:
5123:
5115:
5111:
5106:
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4991:
4984:
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4909:
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4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4757:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4729:
4723:
4716:
4715:public domain
4697:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4635:
4634:public domain
4616:
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4610:
4604:
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4364:
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4228:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4169:public domain
4151:
4147:
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4137:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4088:
4086:
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4059:
4055:
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3999:
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3686:
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3660:
3656:
3653:: 8160–8171.
3652:
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3615:
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3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
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3576:
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3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3541:
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3504:
3500:
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3478:
3471:
3455:
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3412:
3405:
3397:
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3371:
3367:
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3341:
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3317:
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3309:
3305:
3298:
3296:
3294:
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3257:
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3253:
3236:
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3224:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
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3191:
3187:
3180:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3145:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3099:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3007:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2943:
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2923:
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2900:
2896:
2890:
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2866:
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2858:
2856:
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2825:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2776:
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2768:
2762:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2650:Health Canada
2646:
2640:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2568:
2564:
2563:Health Canada
2560:
2554:
2538:
2534:
2533:Health Canada
2530:
2524:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2213:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2077:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:blepharospasm
2049:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1995:February 2015
1989:
1985:
1982:This section
1980:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1869:
1866:
1858:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1756:
1751:Hyperhidrosis
1748:
1739:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1705:
1693:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1665:
1663:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1630:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:blepharospasm
1609:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1594:Alan B. Scott
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1536:
1533:
1525:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1499:This section
1497:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:blood sausage
1402:
1398:
1391:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1332:tetanus toxin
1329:
1325:
1324:Anthrax toxin
1321:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:synaptotagmin
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:acetylcholine
1227:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1137:Health Canada
1132:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1034:Cosmetic uses
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:intramuscular
1002:
1000:
999:hyperhidrosis
990:
988:
984:
983:off-label use
979:
975:
970:
968:
963:
961:
952:
950:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
893:
885:
875:
871:
870:intravenously
867:
860:
854:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:acetylcholine
829:
825:
824:
820:
816:
813:
809:
805:
801:
789:
786:
784:
780:
777:
774:
772:
768:
765:
762:
760:
756:
751:
747:
744:
740:
737:
735:
734:Gene Ontology
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
712:
709:
706:
704:
700:
697:
694:
692:
688:
685:
682:
680:
676:
673:
672:NiceZyme view
670:
668:
664:
661:
658:
656:
652:
649:
646:
644:
640:
635:
632:
629:
627:
623:
618:
613:
604:
597:
591:
580:
578:
574:
541:
539:
535:
530:
526:
522:
519:
517:
515:ECHA InfoCard
511:
504:
499:
496:
491:
490:
488:
486:
482:
475:
470:
467:
462:
461:
459:
457:
453:
446:
445:
443:
441:
437:
430:
425:
422:
417:
416:
414:
412:
408:
401:
396:
393:
388:
387:
385:
383:
379:
374:
368: Rx-only
361:
358:
346:
343:
333:
326:
317:
314:
304:
303:
301:
299:
295:
290:
282:
277:
273:
272:
270:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:
252:Intramuscular
250:
248:
242:
236:
227:
226:
224:
222:
216:
209:
204:
195:
194:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
176:
172:
165:
160:
157:
152:
149:
144:
141:
136:
133:
128:
125:
120:
119:
117:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
82:
78:
75:Clinical data
73:
67:
62:
57:
52:
48:
43:
38:
30:
19:
14422:Translocases
14419:
14406:
14393:
14380:
14367:
14357:Transferases
14354:
14341:
14198:Binding site
13957:Collagenases
13582:Paula Begoun
13507:Molton Brown
13497:Merle Norman
13417:Kevyn Aucoin
13379:Fenty Beauty
13354:Estée Lauder
13219:Amorepacific
12774:
12664:
12658:α-Latrotoxin
12646:
12616:
12592:
12581:
12561:
12550:
12508:
12482:
12467:
12411:Rivastigmine
12377:
12331:Reactivators
12304:Ungiminorine
12259:Kobophenol A
12224:Coronaridine
12214:Bulbocapnine
12209:Arisugacin A
12185:
12170:
12056:Tebupirimfos
11936:Phosphamidon
11841:Methidathion
11746:Fenitrothion
11571:Chlorpyrifos
11511:
11386:Terestigmine
11381:Rivastigmine
11343:Eptastigmine
11294:Phenmedipham
11264:Formparanate
11249:Ethiofencarb
11182:Carbamates:
11179:
11173:
11092:
10984:
10963:Calcicludine
10953:Calciseptine
10936:Bungarotoxin
10905:Tarichatoxin
10853:Arenobufagin
10817:Tetrodotoxin
10776:Tetrodotoxin
10730:Vanillotoxin
10667:Phaiodotoxin
10570:Invertebrate
10493:Solasodamine
10428:Lotaustralin
10263:Fumonisin B4
10259:Fumonisin B2
10255:Fumonisin B1
10241:Cytochalasin
10143:
10123:
10075:
10061:
10055:Superantigen
10047:
10003:
9891:Streptolysin
9839:
9832:
9813:
9794:
9775:
9612:Zoxazolamine
9471:Orphenadrine
9442:Methaqualone
9434:Quinazolines
9305:Cyclarbamate
9300:Carisoprodol
9267:
9246:
9232:
9225:Depolarizing
9206:
9190:Pipecuronium
9171:
9141:
9125:Rapacuronium
9120:
9110:
9093:Tubocurarine
8990:
8978:
8966:
8954:
8942:
8925:
8904:
8883:
8832:
8828:
8790:(1): 45–58.
8787:
8783:
8756:
8751:
8726:
8722:
8716:
8704:. Retrieved
8654:
8650:
8644:
8611:
8607:
8601:
8568:
8564:
8557:
8545:. Retrieved
8534:
8524:
8502:. Retrieved
8498:the original
8484:
8457:
8453:
8443:
8418:
8414:
8408:
8386:(1): 76–82.
8383:
8379:
8373:
8349:(1): 70–77.
8346:
8342:
8332:
8297:
8293:
8283:
8271:. Retrieved
8260:
8251:
8239:. Retrieved
8235:the original
8225:
8213:. Retrieved
8195:
8173:(6): 55–68.
8170:
8166:
8160:
8138:. Retrieved
8134:the original
8120:
8087:
8083:
8077:
8044:
8040:
8034:
8002:(2): 82–91.
7999:
7995:
7985:
7960:
7954:
7937:
7933:
7927:
7884:
7880:
7870:
7845:
7841:
7835:
7800:
7796:
7786:
7774:. Retrieved
7758:
7746:
7734:. Retrieved
7721:
7712:
7675:
7671:
7661:
7624:
7620:
7610:
7598:. Retrieved
7585:
7537:(1): 80–99.
7534:
7530:
7520:
7508:. Retrieved
7501:the original
7496:
7483:
7471:. Retrieved
7457:
7433:(2): 31–39.
7430:
7426:
7398:. Retrieved
7374:
7352:. Retrieved
7334:
7322:. Retrieved
7304:
7292:. Retrieved
7283:
7274:
7262:. Retrieved
7244:
7232:. Retrieved
7228:the original
7214:
7187:
7181:
7162:
7156:
7148:
7143:16 September
7141:. Retrieved
7121:
7109:. Retrieved
7089:
7082:
7070:. Retrieved
7059:
7051:
7039:. Retrieved
7035:the original
7028:
7018:
7006:. Retrieved
6997:
6988:
6976:. Retrieved
6960:
6948:
6936:. Retrieved
6927:
6918:
6906:. Retrieved
6897:
6888:
6876:. Retrieved
6867:
6858:
6846:. Retrieved
6826:
6814:. Retrieved
6810:the original
6799:
6791:the original
6786:
6777:
6742:
6738:
6728:
6703:
6699:
6693:
6660:
6656:
6650:
6628:(1): 17–21.
6625:
6621:
6587:
6583:
6577:
6552:
6548:
6514:
6510:
6476:
6472:
6466:
6444:. Retrieved
6437:the original
6405:. Retrieved
6394:
6348:
6344:
6338:
6321:
6317:
6311:
6270:
6266:
6260:
6235:
6231:
6225:
6190:
6186:
6176:
6143:
6139:
6133:
6121:. Retrieved
6107:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6037:
6033:
5985:
5981:
5939:
5935:
5885:
5882:FEBS Letters
5881:
5871:
5834:
5830:
5782:
5776:
5739:
5735:
5681:
5677:
5629:
5625:
5577:
5573:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5513:. Retrieved
5504:
5495:
5483:. Retrieved
5446:. Retrieved
5428:
5415:
5406:
5384:. Retrieved
5380:the original
5351:. Retrieved
5314:. Retrieved
5310:the original
5296:
5284:. Retrieved
5280:the original
5266:
5254:. Retrieved
5250:the original
5236:
5224:. Retrieved
5215:
5181:. Retrieved
5177:the original
5163:
5151:. Retrieved
5134:
5122:
5098:(8): 16–18.
5095:
5091:
5081:
5046:
5042:
5032:
4997:
4993:
4983:
4971:. Retrieved
4946:
4942:
4888:
4884:
4846:
4840:
4813:
4809:
4799:
4769:(1): 73–83.
4766:
4762:
4756:
4744:. Retrieved
4731:
4722:
4700:. Retrieved
4687:
4657:24 September
4655:. Retrieved
4641:
4619:. Retrieved
4606:
4572:. Retrieved
4563:
4533:
4529:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4439:
4427:
4415:. Retrieved
4406:
4397:
4370:
4366:
4341:. Retrieved
4284:
4280:
4270:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4154:. Retrieved
4136:
4124:. Retrieved
4115:
4106:
4072:. Retrieved
4056:. Elsevier.
4052:
4045:
4023:(2): 85–88.
4020:
4016:
4010:
3985:
3979:
3947:(4): 62–65.
3944:
3940:
3930:
3905:
3901:
3894:
3857:
3853:
3843:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3769:
3765:
3725:
3721:
3711:
3699:. Retrieved
3685:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3484:
3481:FEBS Letters
3480:
3470:
3458:. Retrieved
3449:
3423:. Retrieved
3414:
3404:
3369:
3365:
3314:(3): e0119.
3311:
3308:JBJS Reviews
3307:
3274:. Retrieved
3265:
3239:. Retrieved
3189:
3185:
3179:
3160:
3156:
3110:
3106:
3067:(1): 11–18.
3064:
3060:
3016:
3012:
3006:
2981:
2977:
2948:27 September
2946:. Retrieved
2937:
2907:. Retrieved
2898:
2889:
2877:. Retrieved
2868:
2842:. Retrieved
2833:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2803:
2779:. Retrieved
2770:
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2740:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2710:
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2680:
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2648:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2618:
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2592:
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2562:
2553:
2541:. Retrieved
2532:
2523:
2511:. Retrieved
2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2476:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2446:
2437:
2425:. Retrieved
2416:
2407:
2395:. Retrieved
2387:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2361:
2337:. Retrieved
2306:. Retrieved
2301:
2258:
2236:
2217:
2209:
2187:
2178:Bell's palsy
2172:
2136:
2108:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2071:
2064:
2060:
2051:
2031:hydroxamates
2012:
2007:
2005:
1992:
1988:adding to it
1983:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1912:Clostridium,
1911:
1909:
1897:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1861:
1852:
1828:
1801:
1795:
1774:bioterrorism
1771:
1768:Bioterrorism
1762:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1728:
1719:
1712:
1702:October 2017
1699:
1691:
1655:
1652:Chronic pain
1643:
1638:
1635:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1575:
1566:
1558:Fort Detrick
1555:
1552:World War II
1543:
1528:
1519:
1508:Please help
1503:verification
1500:
1482:Food canning
1475:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:was renamed
1455:
1451:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1417:
1394:
1389:
1374:
1364:Enterococcus
1362:
1336:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1279:heavy chain
1270:
1250:gangliosides
1223:
1217:
1209:
1183:
1168:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1133:
1129:heart attack
1123:can include
1121:
1114:
1110:
1107:Side effects
1097:chronic pain
1086:
1077:
1073:
1045:
1015:prophylactic
1008:
996:
978:FDA approves
971:
964:
958:
942:anal fissure
899:
891:
888:Medical uses
855:
851:
821:
807:
803:
799:
798:
660:BRENDA entry
615:Bontoxilysin
600:
594:
298:Legal status
292:Legal status
256:subcutaneous
189:License data
50:
29:
14518:Neurotoxins
14193:Active site
14127:Lysostaphin
14112:Thermolysin
13974:Gelatinases
13707:Yves Rocher
13682:Urban Decay
13677:Uoma Beauty
13667:Ulta Beauty
13562:O Boticário
13447:Lise Watier
13364:Etude House
13289:Burt's Bees
13274:Bobbi Brown
13269:Bite Beauty
13170:Cosmetology
13088:Nail polish
12963:Conditioner
12927:Eyelid glue
12830:Moisturizer
12820:Highlighter
12509:Inhibitors:
12486:Coluracetam
12468:Inhibitors:
12438:Transporter
12378:Inhibitors:
12350:Pralidoxime
12244:Cyclanoline
12194:α-Viniferin
12091:Trichlorfon
11856:Metrifonate
11771:Fosthiazate
11756:Fluorotabun
11631:Dicrotophos
11586:Crotylsarin
11430:Huperzine A
11425:Galantamine
11420:Edrophonium
11353:Neostigmine
11348:Ganstigmine
11314:Propamocarb
11259:Formetanate
11244:Ethienocarb
11224:Carbosulfan
11214:Carbetamide
11209:Carbendazim
11180:Reversible:
11093:Inhibitors:
10926:Snake venom
10880:Epibatidine
10868:Cinobufagin
10725:Stromatoxin
10672:Imperatoxin
10622:Scyllatoxin
10528:Tagetitoxin
10523:Swainsonine
10513:Solauricine
10478:Solamargine
10473:Scopolamine
10463:Retronecine
10329:Zearalenone
9997:Shiga toxin
9968:Cord factor
9807:Enterotoxin
9802:Alpha toxin
9796:perfringens
9788:Tetanolysin
9766:Clostridium
9703:hepatotoxin
9693:enterotoxin
9683:cardiotoxin
9607:Tolperisone
9592:Silperisone
9582:Promoxolane
9542:Lanperisone
9537:Inaperisone
9522:Flopropione
9517:Fenyramidol
9406:Eszopiclone
9320:Meprobamate
9315:Febarbamate
9185:Pancuronium
9114:Gantacurium
9046:(primarily
8991:MedlinePlus
8979:MedlinePlus
8967:MedlinePlus
8955:MedlinePlus
8943:MedlinePlus
8758:NCT01917006
8706:5 September
8504:23 November
7672:BMC Biology
7354:22 November
7324:23 November
7294:18 December
7264:23 November
7234:18 December
5837:(10): 421.
5505:Mayo Clinic
5386:1 September
5353:18 December
5316:18 December
5286:18 December
5256:18 December
5153:23 November
4973:29 December
4891:(1): 8–14.
4480:: 223–228.
2844:18 December
2781:18 December
2751:18 December
2721:18 December
2691:18 December
2339:18 December
2308:5 September
2215:treatment.
2121:(LLS), the
1951:Clostridium
1887:indications
1810:Brand names
1782:pralidoxime
1522:August 2018
1468:Clostridium
1409:Württemberg
1339:neurotoxins
1337:Clostridium
1289:presynaptic
1283:joined via
1281:polypeptide
1242:endocytosis
1091:, and some
922:vocal cords
648:IntEnz view
620:Identifiers
588: g·mol
521:100.088.372
376:Identifiers
260:intradermal
175:MedlinePlus
99:Biosimilars
93:BoNT, botox
90:Other names
81:Trade names
14477:Categories
14396:Isomerases
14370:Hydrolases
14237:Regulation
14102:Neprilysin
13728:Categories
13627:SimplySiti
13622:Shu Uemura
13542:Neutrogena
13492:Maybelline
13487:Max Factor
13457:L'Occitane
13397:Hard Candy
13279:Bonne Bell
13109:Cold cream
12937:Eye shadow
12815:Foundation
12790:Cotton pad
12673:versutoxin
12669:robustoxin
12543:Inhibitors
12532:modulators
12483:Enhancers:
12444:modulators
12401:Ladostigil
12391:Conodurine
12386:Affinisine
12299:Ungeremine
12274:Phosacetim
12234:Corynoline
12229:Corydaline
12219:Conodurine
12204:Affinisine
12140:Demecarium
12138:; Others:
12051:Tabun (GA)
12041:Soman (GD)
12031:Sarin (GB)
11951:Profenofos
11811:Isoxathion
11796:Guanitoxin
11766:Formothion
11741:Fenamiphos
11671:Disulfoton
11666:Dioxathion
11656:Dimethoate
11626:Dichlorvos
11460:Ladostigil
11450:Ipidacrine
11395:Ambenonium
11390:Acotiamide
11388:; Others:
11361:Phenserine
11338:Distigmine
11329:Thiodicarb
11304:Pirimicarb
11269:Methiocarb
11254:Fenobucarb
11229:Chlorbufam
11219:Carbofuran
11194:Bendiocarb
11175:Inhibitors
11069:modulators
11055:modulators
11048:metabolism
10958:Taicatoxin
10895:Samandarin
10848:Bufotoxins
10812:Ciguatoxin
10790:Vertebrate
10735:Huwentoxin
10715:Cupiennins
10698:Latrotoxin
10642:Kaliotoxin
10612:Margatoxin
10602:Maurotoxin
10543:Toxalbumin
10533:Tinyatoxin
10518:Strychnine
10503:Solasonine
10498:Solasodine
10483:Solanidine
10403:Falcarinol
10388:Delphinine
10304:Phalloidin
10294:Ochratoxin
10289:Orellanine
10279:Lolitrem B
10246:Ergotamine
10196:Mycotoxins
10040:Mechanisms
9999:/Verotoxin
9936:Exfoliatin
9896:Leukocidin
9713:phototoxin
9708:neurotoxin
9634:Dantrolene
9602:Tizanidine
9572:Pregabalin
9557:Metaxalone
9547:Mephenesin
9527:Gabapentin
9388:Tetrazepam
9378:Nitrazepam
9363:Clonazepam
9353:Bromazepam
9175:Doxacurium
9165:Vecuronium
9160:Rocuronium
9155:Fazadinium
9145:Atracurium
9135:Chandonium
9130:Mivacurium
9083:Alcuronium
8927:A0A0X1KH89
8547:16 October
7718:"Botulism"
7510:9 December
7127:"M8 Paper"
7072:24 January
5515:1 November
4156:7 November
3860:(1): 1–5.
3701:14 October
3276:28 October
3241:28 October
3163:(1): 1–8.
2397:22 October
2271:References
2253:See also:
2239:depression
2231:See also:
2227:Depression
2204:See also:
2174:Sialorrhea
2169:Sialorrhea
2159:spasticity
2153:, loss of
2046:See also:
2023:inhibition
1855:April 2017
1733:Botox cost
1664:headache.
1578:strabismus
1572:Strabismus
1439:Ellezelles
1370:A0A069CUU9
1358:A0A242DI27
1347:family M27
1190:antibodies
1125:arrhythmia
960:Strabismus
946:refractory
906:spasticity
812:neurotoxic
717:structures
684:KEGG entry
577:Molar mass
474:0Y70779M1F
466:E211KPY694
440:ChemSpider
400:93384-43-2
392:93384-43-1
382:CAS Number
331:Schedule D
14508:EC 3.4.24
14275:EC number
13784:Proteases
13732:Companies
13672:Ultima II
13642:Skin Food
13592:Red Earth
13319:CoverGirl
13008:threading
12932:Eye liner
12785:Concealer
12751:Cosmetics
12655:agonists:
12639:Enhancers
12512:Vesamicol
12396:Cymserine
12345:Obidoxime
12340:Methoxime
12254:Harmaline
12249:Cymserine
12239:Crimidine
12186:Unsorted:
12081:Triazofos
12021:Ro 3-0433
12016:Ro 3-0422
12011:Ro 3-0419
12006:Ro 3-0417
12001:Ro 3-0412
11996:Ro 3-0411
11991:Ro 3-0397
11986:Ro 3-0352
11981:Ro 3-0351
11976:Ro 3-0347
11971:Ro 3-0346
11966:Ro 3-0340
11956:Prothoate
11926:Phosfolan
11921:Phosalone
11906:Parathion
11891:Omethoate
11861:Mevinphos
11826:Malathion
11816:Leptophos
11721:Endothion
11601:Demephion
11591:Cyanophos
11581:Coumaphos
11551:Cadusafos
11546:Bensulide
11541:BAY-29952
11505:Zanapezil
11465:Minaprine
11445:Huprine Y
11440:Huprine X
11435:Huprine W
11405:Donepezil
11334:Thiofanox
11309:Promecarb
11299:Pinmicarb
11279:Metolcarb
11239:Dimetilan
11199:Bufencarb
11189:Aminocarb
11141:CM-54,903
11052:transport
10863:Bufotenin
10858:Bufotalin
10828:Amphibian
10771:Saxitoxin
10761:Eledoisin
10756:Conotoxin
10627:Hefutoxin
10443:Oleandrin
10423:Linamarin
10413:Helenalin
10373:Cicutoxin
10368:Chaconine
10348:Amygdalin
10319:Vomitoxin
10269:Gliotoxin
10251:Fumonisin
10204:Aflatoxin
10167:Virulence
10103:Endotoxin
9834:botulinum
9815:difficile
9725:Bacterial
9698:hemotoxin
9688:cytotoxin
9512:Eperisone
9383:Temazepam
9373:Lorazepam
9330:Styramate
9207:unsorted:
9200:Gallamine
9195:Laudexium
9075:alkaloids
9053:NMJ block
9028:Skeletal
8187:167319134
8069:232058260
7736:28 August
7678:(1): 66.
7627:(1): 34.
6816:5 October
5982:Neurology
5736:Molecules
5485:5 October
5448:4 October
5143:0362-4331
4074:1 October
3786:245177279
3415:drugs.com
3135:232408799
2358:"Nuceiva"
2212:migraines
2095:glabellar
2015:denatured
1843:talk page
1742:Insurance
1725:US market
1673:Economics
1624:Cosmetics
1448:Darmstadt
1320:AB toxins
1246:cytoplasm
1186:antitoxin
1068:glabellar
1018:treatment
926:esophagus
819:bacterium
637:Databases
631:3.4.24.69
245:Routes of
219:Pregnancy
164:Monograph
156:Monograph
148:Monograph
140:Monograph
132:Monograph
124:Monograph
114:Drugs.com
14503:Botulism
14467:Medicine
14299:Kinetics
14223:Cofactor
14186:Activity
14137:ZMPSTE24
13939:ADAMTS13
13934:ADAMTS12
13929:ADAMTS10
13702:Younique
13687:Vaseline
13617:Shiseido
13572:Oriflame
13482:Mary Kay
13392:Guerlain
13339:Dermacol
13324:Creme 21
13304:Clinique
13264:Biotherm
13239:Artistry
13234:Aqua Net
13229:Anna Sui
13093:Pedicure
13083:Manicure
12998:plucking
12983:electric
12978:chemical
12876:Lipstick
12800:DD cream
12795:Cleanser
12780:CC cream
12770:BB cream
12695:See also
12679:Crotoxin
12381:Affinine
12314:BW284C51
12269:Lycorine
12199:Affinine
12189:α-Pinene
12167:Onchidal
12086:Tribufos
12066:Terbufos
12036:Schradan
11901:Paraoxon
11821:Malaoxon
11751:Fenthion
11736:Ethoprop
11621:Diazinon
11616:Dialifor
11521:Acephate
11455:Itopride
11400:Caffeine
11324:Propoxur
11274:Methomyl
11204:Carbaryl
11184:Aldicarb
11003:Category
10766:Onchidal
10746:Mollusca
10657:Bestoxin
10652:Birtoxin
10617:Slotoxin
10607:Agitoxin
10582:Scorpion
10538:Tomatine
10488:Solanine
10433:Mimosine
10408:Gossypol
10393:Divicine
10358:Antiarin
10353:Anisatin
10284:Muscimol
10236:Citrinin
10209:Amatoxin
10155:Cry34Ab1
10083:AB toxin
10077:type III
9989:negative
9747:positive
9736:Exotoxin
9577:Pridinol
9567:Phenibut
9492:Baclofen
9424:Etizolam
9358:Diazepam
9335:Tybamate
8861:34787840
8816:31609882
8743:24345483
8700:Archived
8679:24196194
8671:26441090
8636:32191932
8628:20425239
8585:20487038
8565:Headache
8541:Archived
8476:21242533
8435:21093661
8400:20529632
8365:19123705
8324:25654058
8267:Archived
8209:Archived
8205:Allergan
8112:29006338
8061:33632627
8026:25922620
7919:19327377
7862:17336071
7776:12 March
7767:Archived
7730:Archived
7704:19804621
7653:30641949
7594:Archived
7467:Archived
7449:24587850
7391:Archived
7387:Allergan
7348:Archived
7318:Archived
7288:Archived
7258:Archived
7134:Archived
7105:Archived
7066:Archived
7030:Medscape
7002:Archived
6969:Archived
6932:Archived
6908:13 March
6902:Archived
6872:Archived
6839:Archived
6769:24819339
6720:22535858
6685:24406607
6677:11112955
6604:14759577
6569:14504502
6493:20036435
6401:Archived
6373:27341687
6303:43093912
6295:14163805
6217:15394302
6168:21026141
6123:3 August
6117:Archived
6099:22651975
6064:28388718
6010:46559225
6002:10563638
5956:15027048
5914:29323697
5863:30347838
5809:23239346
5768:21193845
5708:30388027
5656:16307223
5648:15830090
5604:16318699
5552:24106296
5509:Archived
5479:Archived
5442:Archived
5420:Archived
5416:CBC News
5347:Archived
5220:Archived
5147:Archived
5114:24003345
5073:33603602
5024:33603602
4967:Archived
4963:16112345
4917:20418969
4863:20824874
4832:15598005
4791:41120474
4783:26866499
4746:30 April
4740:Archived
4702:23 March
4696:Archived
4651:Archived
4621:23 March
4615:Archived
4568:Archived
4542:25077722
4506:31114283
4453:27 April
4444:Archived
4442:. 2011.
4411:Archived
4389:15887434
4337:Archived
4333:Medscape
4311:22877654
4262:24857218
4254:28623614
4219:26924985
4150:Archived
4126:16 March
4120:Archived
4095:Archived
4068:Archived
4002:22161392
3971:21412485
3922:21782318
3886:22251031
3835:23503707
3778:17122031
3744:19952618
3695:Archived
3677:30423587
3628:17607049
3579:11209178
3544:21149997
3503:31111466
3460:23 March
3454:Archived
3419:Archived
3396:31591703
3340:32224633
3270:Archived
3235:Archived
3214:32387953
3206:16417591
3127:33776040
3081:15839401
3041:46981635
3033:11893235
2998:15907915
2942:Archived
2938:DailyMed
2903:Archived
2899:DailyMed
2873:Archived
2869:DailyMed
2838:Archived
2834:DailyMed
2808:Archived
2804:DailyMed
2775:Archived
2745:Archived
2715:Archived
2685:Archived
2655:Archived
2623:Archived
2567:Archived
2537:Archived
2513:31 March
2507:Archived
2487:10 April
2481:Archived
2451:Archived
2421:Archived
2333:Archived
2302:DailyMed
2267:trials.
2265:Phase II
2220:migraine
2194:dystonia
2151:weakness
2147:lengthen
2080:Cosmetic
2037:Research
1959:botulism
1892:Galderma
1837:You may
1778:atropine
1759:Cosmetic
1662:migraine
1464:Bacillus
1429:In 1895
1418:botulism
1234:takes up
1149:Botulism
1064:Daewoong
1056:Galderma
1052:Allergan
1048:wrinkles
1028:headache
1025:migraine
1005:Migraine
847:botulism
788:proteins
776:articles
764:articles
721:RCSB PDB
603:(verify)
411:DrugBank
267:ATC code
234: B3
221:category
203:DailyMed
14455:Biology
14441:Portals
14409:Ligases
14179:Enzymes
13924:ADAMTS9
13919:ADAMTS8
13914:ADAMTS5
13909:ADAMTS4
13904:ADAMTS3
13899:ADAMTS2
13894:ADAMTS1
13742:History
13612:Sephora
13577:Origins
13452:L'Oréal
13437:Laneige
13432:Lancôme
13422:Kiehl's
13387:Garnier
13369:Fabergé
13344:Douglas
13299:Clarins
13259:Benefit
13143:Related
13119:Peeling
13078:Buffing
13025:Sindoor
13020:Shampoo
13003:shaving
12973:Removal
12947:Mascara
12665:Others:
12617:Others:
12553:SNAP-25
12526:Release
12416:Tacrine
12324:3152 CT
12289:Taspine
12061:Temefos
11961:R-16661
11931:Phosmet
11916:Phorate
11866:Mipafox
11831:Mazidox
11761:Fonofos
11706:EA-4352
11701:EA-3148
11696:EA-2613
11691:EA-2192
11686:EA-2098
11681:EA-2054
11676:EA-2012
11651:Dimefox
11606:Demeton
11500:Tacrine
11495:TL-1238
11415:EA-4056
11410:EA-3990
11319:Propham
11284:Miotine
10921:Reptile
10383:Daphnin
10378:Coniine
10363:Brucine
10324:Zeranol
10299:Patulin
10146:toxins
10136:Cry3Bb1
10116:Lipid A
10063:type II
10004:E. coli
9756:Bacilli
9587:Quinine
8932:PDBe-KB
8922:UniProt
8911:PDBe-KB
8901:UniProt
8890:PDBe-KB
8880:UniProt
8852:8648634
8807:6940025
8729:: 1–6.
8593:9621285
8315:4316364
8273:26 June
8241:26 June
8215:1 March
8140:26 July
8128:. U.S.
8104:7995530
8017:4356659
7977:2779991
7946:3607594
7910:2730986
7889:Bibcode
7881:Toxicon
7827:5339838
7695:2764570
7644:6357194
7561:1579114
7473:14 July
7440:3935649
7342:. U.S.
7312:. U.S.
7252:. U.S.
7222:. U.S.
7111:10 June
7041:14 July
6967:(FDA).
6963:. U.S.
6760:4241086
6642:1740562
6531:2748749
6446:26 July
6431:. U.S.
6407:14 July
6365:7243198
6330:4203467
6275:Bibcode
6267:Science
6252:7099568
6208:1392572
6148:Bibcode
6140:Science
6055:5434488
5964:8190807
5905:5838542
5854:6215321
5759:6259422
5699:7539302
5595:3366733
5477:(CDC).
5473:. U.S.
5440:(CDC).
5436:. U.S.
5374:. U.S.
5341:. U.S.
5304:. U.S.
5274:. U.S.
5226:16 July
5171:. U.S.
5105:3760599
5064:7874868
5015:7874868
4908:2856357
4497:6489637
4343:6 April
4302:3538391
4210:4759702
4148:(FDA).
4144:. U.S.
4037:8014792
3962:3048443
3877:9374973
3826:3589133
3668:6243868
3619:1905930
3535:3028942
3425:4 March
3387:6779591
3331:7161716
3089:2855356
2909:12 June
2879:12 June
2814:12 June
2661:7 April
2629:2 April
2599:1 April
2573:11 June
2543:12 June
2457:8 April
2427:8 April
2368:8 April
2129:(ZMi).
2115:gingiva
1914:namely
1692:updated
1602:albumin
1423:botulus
1397:Wildbad
1383:History
1313:in vivo
1297:SNAP-25
1273:protein
1238:vesicle
1226:neurons
1093:allergy
1022:chronic
938:bladder
876:, 10–13
815:protein
743:QuickGO
708:profile
691:MetaCyc
538:Formula
429:DB00042
421:DB00083
359:Rx-only
356:WARNING
327: /
323::
284:)
278: (
276:M03AX01
205::
181:a619021
18:Dysport
14383:Lyases
14061:MMP23B
14056:MMP23A
13889:ADAM33
13884:ADAM28
13879:ADAM23
13874:ADAM22
13869:ADAM18
13864:ADAM15
13859:ADAM12
13854:ADAM11
13832:ADAM19
13827:ADAM17
13822:ADAM10
13795:3.4.24
13737:People
13607:Rimmel
13597:Revlon
13587:Pond's
13547:Nexxus
13522:Natura
13502:Missha
13374:Farmec
13114:Lotion
13045:pomade
13040:mousse
13013:waxing
12845:Powder
12840:Primer
12805:Facial
12026:Ronnel
11941:Phoxim
11731:Ethion
11526:Armine
11490:TL-599
11485:T-1194
11480:T-1152
11475:T-1123
11289:Oxamyl
11063:Enzyme
10793:toxins
10688:Spider
10662:BmKAEP
10632:HgeTx1
10573:toxins
10448:Persin
10341:toxins
10169:factor
10150:Cry6Aa
10142:Other
10131:Cry1Ac
10049:type I
9852:Other:
9777:tetani
9727:toxins
9678:Toxins
9293:esters
9072:Curare
8906:P10844
8885:P0DPI1
8859:
8849:
8814:
8804:
8741:
8677:
8669:
8634:
8626:
8591:
8583:
8474:
8433:
8398:
8363:
8322:
8312:
8185:
8110:
8102:
8067:
8059:
8024:
8014:
7975:
7944:
7917:
7907:
7860:
7825:
7818:546888
7815:
7702:
7692:
7651:
7641:
7621:Toxins
7600:13 May
7559:
7552:372855
7549:
7447:
7437:
7202:
7169:
7097:
7008:22 May
6978:22 May
6938:22 May
6878:22 May
6848:22 May
6767:
6757:
6718:
6683:
6675:
6640:
6602:
6567:
6529:
6491:
6371:
6363:
6328:
6301:
6293:
6250:
6215:
6205:
6166:
6097:
6062:
6052:
6008:
6000:
5962:
5954:
5912:
5902:
5861:
5851:
5831:Toxins
5807:
5797:
5766:
5756:
5706:
5696:
5654:
5646:
5602:
5592:
5550:
5141:
5112:
5102:
5071:
5061:
5022:
5012:
4961:
4915:
4905:
4861:
4830:
4789:
4781:
4574:9 July
4540:
4504:
4494:
4417:12 May
4387:
4309:
4299:
4260:
4252:
4217:
4207:
4193:: 29.
4060:
4035:
4000:
3969:
3959:
3920:
3884:
3874:
3833:
3823:
3784:
3776:
3742:
3675:
3665:
3626:
3616:
3577:
3542:
3532:
3501:
3394:
3384:
3338:
3328:
3266:CIDRAP
3212:
3204:
3133:
3125:
3087:
3079:
3039:
3031:
2996:
1352:P0DPK1
1343:MEROPS
1301:fusion
1212:) and
1179:stroke
1177:, and
918:vagina
914:eyelid
910:spasms
882:
878:
863:
771:PubMed
753:Search
739:AmiGO
727:PDBsum
667:ExPASy
655:BRENDA
643:IntEnz
626:EC no.
503:D08957
495:D00783
353:
340:
329:
325:℞-only
311:
201:
63:entry
56:P0DPI1
14335:Types
14095:Other
14086:MMP28
14081:MMP27
14076:MMP26
14071:MMP25
14066:MMP24
14051:MMP21
14046:MMP20
14041:MMP19
14036:MMP17
14031:MMP16
14026:MMP15
14021:MMP14
14016:MMP13
14011:MMP12
14006:MMP11
14001:MMP10
13849:ADAM8
13844:ADAM7
13839:ADAM2
13817:ADAM9
13697:Wella
13647:Stila
13637:SK-II
13552:Nivea
13383:Fresh
13329:Cutex
13244:Aveda
13214:Almay
13209:Ahava
13066:Nails
13050:spray
12988:laser
12896:Stain
12891:Liner
12886:Gloss
12855:Toner
12850:Rouge
12497:VAChT
12319:TMTFA
11881:Naled
11786:GT-45
11776:GD-42
11126:AF64A
10720:PhTx3
10637:HsTx1
10560:Tutin
10553:Ricin
10548:Abrin
10418:Ledol
10339:Plant
9931:delta
9879:Cocci
9840:Botox
9480:Other
8829:Drugs
8675:S2CID
8632:S2CID
8589:S2CID
8183:S2CID
8108:S2CID
8065:S2CID
7770:(PDF)
7763:(FDA)
7759:U.S.
7755:(PDF)
7726:(CDC)
7722:U.S.
7590:(CDC)
7586:U.S.
7504:(PDF)
7493:(PDF)
7400:3 May
7394:(PDF)
7383:(PDF)
7284:Hugel
7137:(PDF)
7130:(PDF)
6972:(PDF)
6957:(PDF)
6842:(PDF)
6835:(PDF)
6681:S2CID
6440:(PDF)
6429:(PDF)
6369:S2CID
6299:S2CID
6006:S2CID
5960:S2CID
5652:S2CID
5183:6 May
4787:S2CID
4736:(FDA)
4732:U.S.
4692:(FDA)
4688:U.S.
4611:(FDA)
4607:U.S.
4447:(PDF)
4436:(PDF)
4407:WebMD
4258:S2CID
3782:S2CID
3210:S2CID
3131:S2CID
3085:S2CID
3037:S2CID
3013:Drugs
2771:(emc)
2741:(emc)
2711:(emc)
2681:(emc)
2111:gummy
1845:, or
1083:Other
1060:Ipsen
833:from
808:botox
802:, or
703:PRIAM
552:10447
14427:list
14420:EC7
14414:list
14407:EC6
14401:list
14394:EC5
14388:list
14381:EC4
14375:list
14368:EC3
14362:list
14355:EC2
14349:list
14342:EC1
13996:MMP7
13991:MMP3
13984:MMP9
13979:MMP2
13967:MMP8
13962:MMP1
13517:NARS
13467:Lush
13309:Coty
13249:Avon
13102:Body
12956:Hair
12942:Kohl
12905:Eyes
12881:Balm
12869:Lips
12758:Face
12649:LPHN
12584:VAMP
12366:BChE
11876:MSPI
11162:AChE
11136:BETA
11131:B115
11081:ChAT
11050:and
10802:Fish
10710:CSTX
9987:Gram
9927:beta
9745:Gram
8920:for
8899:for
8878:for
8857:PMID
8812:PMID
8739:PMID
8708:2017
8667:PMID
8624:PMID
8581:PMID
8549:2010
8506:2019
8472:PMID
8431:PMID
8396:PMID
8361:PMID
8320:PMID
8275:2011
8243:2011
8217:2018
8142:2010
8100:PMID
8057:PMID
8022:PMID
7973:PMID
7942:PMID
7915:PMID
7858:PMID
7823:PMID
7778:2023
7738:2019
7700:PMID
7649:PMID
7602:2020
7557:PMID
7512:2009
7475:2010
7445:PMID
7402:2012
7356:2019
7326:2019
7296:2022
7266:2019
7236:2022
7200:ISBN
7167:ISBN
7145:2020
7113:2022
7095:ISBN
7074:2022
7043:2010
7010:2021
6980:2021
6940:2021
6910:2013
6880:2021
6850:2021
6818:2012
6765:PMID
6716:PMID
6700:JAMA
6673:PMID
6638:PMID
6600:PMID
6565:PMID
6527:PMID
6489:PMID
6448:2010
6409:2010
6361:PMID
6326:PMID
6291:PMID
6248:PMID
6213:PMID
6164:PMID
6125:2022
6095:PMID
6060:PMID
5998:PMID
5952:PMID
5910:PMID
5859:PMID
5805:PMID
5795:ISBN
5764:PMID
5704:PMID
5644:PMID
5600:PMID
5548:PMID
5517:2023
5487:2016
5450:2016
5388:2015
5355:2022
5318:2022
5288:2022
5258:2022
5228:2019
5185:2012
5155:2021
5139:ISSN
5110:PMID
5069:PMID
5020:PMID
4975:2021
4959:PMID
4913:PMID
4859:PMID
4828:PMID
4779:PMID
4748:2024
4704:2024
4659:2022
4623:2024
4576:2019
4538:PMID
4502:PMID
4455:2024
4419:2017
4385:PMID
4345:2014
4307:PMID
4250:PMID
4215:PMID
4158:2016
4128:2020
4076:2020
4058:ISBN
4033:PMID
3998:PMID
3967:PMID
3918:PMID
3882:PMID
3831:PMID
3774:PMID
3740:PMID
3703:2015
3673:PMID
3624:PMID
3575:PMID
3559:JAMA
3540:PMID
3499:PMID
3462:2019
3427:2015
3392:PMID
3370:2019
3336:PMID
3278:2019
3243:2019
3202:PMID
3123:PMID
3077:PMID
3029:PMID
2994:PMID
2950:2022
2911:2022
2881:2022
2846:2022
2816:2022
2783:2022
2753:2022
2723:2022
2693:2022
2663:2024
2631:2024
2601:2024
2575:2022
2545:2022
2515:2024
2489:2023
2459:2023
2429:2023
2399:2023
2370:2023
2341:2022
2310:2024
2104:LD50
1930:and
1900:Merz
1780:and
1256:and
1218:TeNT
1210:BoNT
1058:and
936:and
868:/kg
835:axon
783:NCBI
724:PDBe
679:KEGG
564:2010
558:1743
546:6760
485:KEGG
456:UNII
110:AHFS
66:3BTA
51:BotA
13567:OPI
13359:elf
13055:wax
13035:gel
12993:IPL
12456:CHT
11726:EPN
10677:Pi3
10647:Lq2
10087:AB5
9532:GHB
9034:M03
8918:PDB
8897:PDB
8876:PDB
8847:PMC
8837:doi
8802:PMC
8792:doi
8788:145
8731:doi
8659:doi
8655:136
8616:doi
8573:doi
8536:CNN
8462:doi
8458:137
8423:doi
8388:doi
8351:doi
8310:PMC
8302:doi
8175:doi
8092:doi
8049:doi
8012:PMC
8004:doi
7965:doi
7905:PMC
7897:doi
7850:doi
7813:PMC
7805:doi
7690:PMC
7680:doi
7639:PMC
7629:doi
7547:PMC
7539:doi
7435:PMC
7192:doi
6755:PMC
6747:doi
6743:171
6708:doi
6704:307
6665:doi
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