E. T. Whittaker - Knowledge

4085: 1135:, a friend of Whittaker's, wrote a letter to Einstein in September 1953 explaining that he had done all he could over the previous three years to convince Whittaker to change his mind about Einstein's role, but Whittaker was resolved in the idea and, according to Born, he "cherished" and "loved to talk" about it. Born told Einstein that Whittaker insists that all the important features were developed by Poincaré while Lorentz "quite plainly had the physical interpretation", which annoyed Born as Whittaker was a "great authority in the English speaking countries" and he was worried that Whittaker's view would influence others. 52: 4875: 4861: 816:. He served as Secretary to the Society from 1916 to 1922, the Vice President from 1925 to 1928 and from 1937 to 1939, and was President of the Society from 1939 to 1944, through the war years. Whittaker began holding "research lectures" in mathematics at the university, typically given twice a week. He was said to be a great lecturer by one of his previous attendees, who stated that his "clear diction, his felicity of language and his enthusiasm could not fail to evoke a response" and that he was very good with illustrations. 585:, later recalled his personality: "He had a gay, lively, bubbling spirit: he was ready for every prank: he survives in my memory as a natural actor; and I think he could also, on occasion, produce a merry poem." While at the school, Whittaker studied on the "classical side", devoting three-fifths of his time to Latin and Greek. Whittaker struggled with the poetry and drama which was required by the upper school, and expressed gratitude for being allowed to leave these studies behind and specialise in mathematics. 777: 653:, a role he went on to hold for just over a third of a century. Throughout his career, he wrote papers on automorphic functions and special functions in pure mathematics as well as on electromagnetism, general relativity, numerical analysis and astronomy in applied mathematics and physics, and was also interested in topics in biography, history, philosophy and theology. He also made several important innovations in Edinburgh that had a large impact on mathematical education and societies there. 1751:

overlooked, it was the postulates and philosophy of Einstein's theory that "distinguishes Einstein’s work from his predecessors and gives us the right to speak of Einstein’s theory of relativity, in spite of Whittaker’s different opinion". Though the dispute has lasted decades, most scholars have rejected Whittaker's arguments and scientific consensus has continued to hold that special relativity was Einstein's development.

1581:. It has remained in print for most of its lifetime, over more than a hundred years, and has been said to have "remarkable longevity". The book represented the forefront of development at the time of publication, where many reviewers noted it contained material otherwise non-existent in the English language. The book was a landmark textbook, providing the first systematic treatment in English for the theory of 1214:

listening to friends play when they would come to visit. Whittaker was also known to take a personal interest in his students and would invite them to social gatherings at his house. He also continued to keep track of his Honours students over the years. His home was also the location of many unofficial interviews that would have a large impact on a student's future career. After his death,

1812:. In the conclusion of his article, McConnell sums up Whittaker's philosophic works as appearing as though it came from "that of the scholarly Christian layman". On metaphysics, he goes on to note that there are few scholars who are competent in both physics and metaphysics and states that future work could benefit and draw inspiration from Whittaker's research in the area. 1853:

applied mathematics and then-recent contributions to pure mathematics, relativity, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics, Adrian goes on to say that the "astonishing quantity and quality of his work is probably unparalleled in modern mathematics and it is most appropriate that the Royal Society should confer on Whittaker its most distinguished award."

1624:, that the book was used for more than just a historical book, where it was pointed out that of the 114 books and papers that cited the book between 2000 and 2012, "only three are of a historical nature". In that same period, the book was said to be "highly recommended to advanced readers" in the 2006 engineering textbook 1790:. He stated that "If the transitions from mathematics to moral values are not firmly established, Whittaker's attempt does not succeed in remedying the defects of Descartes' solution." Whittaker published work in several other areas of philosophy, including research on Eddington's principle, a conjecture by 746:

Ball's recommendation, which was published in a collection of his letters in 1915, stated that Whittaker was the only person he knew who could "properly succeed Joly" and that the role would "suit him in every way". He then describes Whittaker as "modest" and "charming" and as "a man who has infinite

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stated that two of them not only were required reading for British mathematicians, but were regarded as fundamental components of their personal libraries. Despite the success of these books and his other researchers and their influence in mathematics and physics, the second edition of Whittaker's

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described Whittaker as having a "quick wit" with an "ever-present sense of humour" and being "the most unselfish of men with a delicate sense of what would give help or pleasure to others". He notes that Whittaker had a "vast number of friends" and that he "never missed an opportunity to do or say

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to the Royal Society, Adrian announces Whittaker as that years Copley medallist saying he is probably the most well-known British mathematician at the time, due to "his numerous, varied and important contributions" as well as the offices he had held. Noting contributions to nearly all fields of

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was "a great centre of social and intellectual activity where liberal hospitality was dispensed to students of all ages", and went on to note that Whittaker had a happy home life and was well loved by his family. Whittaker kept a piano in his home which he did not know how to play, but enjoyed

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of Einstein's philosophy", but remarked that he understood why Whittaker felt the need to correct the popular misconception that Einstein's contribution was unique. Max Born's rebuttal, published in his 1956 book, also argues that while the contributions of Lorentz and Poincaré should not be

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The story of the development of our understanding of electricity and magnetism is, of course, much longer and richer than the mention of a few names from one century would indicate. For a detailed account of the fascinating history, the reader should consult the authoritative volumes by

758:, which used outdated astronomy equipment; it was understood that the primary responsibility of the role was to teach mathematical physics at Trinity College. During this time, the relative leisure of his post allowed him to complete the reading required to write his third major book 1064:

always increases, the Universe must have started at a point of minimum entropy, which they argue implies the existence of a god. Whittaker published several articles which draw connections between science, philosophy and theism between 1947 and 1952 in the BBC magazine

1674:, was published in 1951 and served as a revised and updated edition of the first book. The second volume, published in 1953, extended this work covering the years 1900–1926. Notwithstanding a notorious controversy on Whittaker's views on the history of 592:. After completing his education at the Manchester Grammar School he went on to study mathematics and physics there from 1892 to 1895. He entered Trinity College as a minor scholar in October 1892 to study mathematics. Whittaker was the pupil of 1777:

in the volume, a philosophy described as being "founded on the principle that the search for a universal science should be modelled on the procedure of physicomathematicians." McConnell notes several of Whittaker's original contributions to

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commented on Whittaker's lecture style by saying that students were "warmed, not only by the physical presence of a big crowd packed together, but by the mental vigour and enthusiasm of the old man". Whittaker's efforts helped transform the

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while at Trinity College and received tutoring throughout his first two years. With an interest more in applied than pure mathematics, Whittaker won the Sheepshanks Astronomical Exhibition in 1894 as an undergraduate. He graduated as

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in 1952, nearly 50 years after its initial publication, who said the book was still the "best exposition of the subject on the highest possible level". It was noted in a 2014 article covering the book's development, published in the

760: 2199: 878:. The laboratory program was so successful, it resulted in many requests for an extra summer course to allow others to attend who previously were unable, ultimately leading to the establishment of a colloquium through the 1118:

noted that Whittaker's research in the connection between physics and philosophy spanned nearly forty publications written over his last 15 years. During the three years prior to the publication of second volume of his

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includes 11 books and monographs, 56 mathematics and physics articles, 35 philosophy and history articles, and 21 biographical articles, excluding popular and semi-popular articles published in magazines such as

1455:. In the bibliography compiled by McCrea in 1957, there are 13 books and monographs and the same journal articles, also excluding popular articles. Among other topics, Whittaker wrote a total of ten papers on 1742:, a friend of Whittaker's, wrote to Einstein expressing his concern about the book's publication and wrote a rebuttal in his 1956 book. The controversy was also mentioned in one of Whittaker's obituaries by 451:(24 October 1873 – 24 March 1956) was a British mathematician, physicist, and historian of science. Whittaker was a leading mathematical scholar of the early 20th century who contributed widely to 4749: 1782:' philosophical system, but goes on to sum up the work by saying that while he admired Whittaker's attempt at the problem, he was not satisfied with the many transitions between mathematics, 5500: 1773:. McConnell noted that Whittaker's research into the connections between physics and philosophy were spread across approximately forty publications. Whittaker's worldview was classified as 1800:, Whittaker wrote two other books pertaining to Eddington's philosophy. Whittaker also wrote at length about the impacts of then-recent discoveries in astronomy on religion and theology, 5354: 1148: 684: 5362: 1701: 1848:, its highest award, "for his distinguished contributions to both pure and applied mathematics and to theoretical physics". In the opening remarks of the 1954 address of President 1670:. The book was well received and established Whittaker as a respected historian of science. A second, revised and extended edition was later released. The first volume, subtitled 1431:

predicted that future readers would have a hard time acknowledging it was the result of just "a few years at both ends of a career of the highest distinction in other pursuits."

838:, Whittaker established the Edinburgh Mathematical Laboratory, one of the UK's first mathematical laboratories. The laboratory was the first attempt of a systematic treatment of 747:

capacity for making things go". Ball said Whittaker was a world-leading expert in theoretical astronomy and that, in relation to Whittaker's discovery of a general solution to

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Taylor) and John Whittaker. He was described as an "extremely delicate child", necessitating his mother to home school him until he was 11 years old, when he was sent off to

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in Great Britain and friends of Whittaker have said he believes it his most notable contribution to the education of mathematics. Subjects taught at the laboratory included

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in 1935, an award given once every three years for outstanding contributions to mathematics. He received several honours in his 70s, including being knighted in 1945 by

1175:, among others. His house was owned by the University of Edinburgh and was demolished in the 1960s to expand the campus and now holds the William Robertson Building. 901:

Outside of the Royal Astronomer of Ireland and his roles in the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Whittaker held several notable academic posts, including president of the

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Whittaker published many works on philosophy and theism in the last years of his career and during his retirement in addition to his work on the second edition of

1678:, covered in volume two of the second edition, the books are considered authoritative references on the history of classical electromagnetism and are considered 661:

In 1896, Whittaker was elected as a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and remained at Cambridge as a teacher until 1906. In 1897, Whittaker was awarded the

6759: 6739: 6764: 6749: 6399: 1060:, that in these books, Whittaker was "the only physical scientist of the first rank" who defended the strong entropic creation argument, which holds that as 875: 6734: 6513: 4350: 1917: 1796: 1444: 1152: 1722: 1646: 1639: 1423: 1106: 998: 751:, notes that he "has already made one discovery which the greatest mathematician of the last two centuries would be proud to have placed to his credit". 504: 6794: 1856:

Whittaker also gave several distinguished lectures, some of which formed the base of books he would later write. He held the Rouse Ball lectureship at

1080:, making him "a rare, if not unique, example of a man whose published work not only crossed disciplinary boundaries, but was published everywhere from 6659: 5338: 4757: 4661: 4624: 4584: 4552: 4512: 4472: 4094: 1769: 1560: 1408: 1244: 498: 4961: 3428:. Mathematical Concepts and Methods in Science and Engineering. Vol. 2 Dynamics—The Analysis of Motion. Boston: Springer US. pp. 495–584. 5390: 540:

and was knighted. The School of Mathematics of the University of Edinburgh holds The Whittaker Colloquium, a yearly lecture, in his honour and the

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an introduction to the general theory of infinite processes and of analytic functions; with an account of the principal transcendental functions

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was compiled from courses given at the Laboratory over a ten-year period; the book was well received and ultimately went through four editions.

5983: 4119: 6669: 5527: 6664: 1501:, remaining in print continuously since its release over a hundred years ago. It covered topics previously unavailable in English, such as 209: 6789: 5395: 163: 4320: 2853:

The Born-Einstein Letters: Correspondence between Albert Einstein and Max and Hedwig Born from 1916–1955, with commentaries by Max Born

914: 215: 2259: 6694: 6392: 5266: 1738:, saying it "set forth the relativity theory of Poincaré and Lorentz with some amplifications, and which attracted much attention". 1104:

status at the university which he retained until his death. In retirement, Whittaker worked tirelessly on the second edition of his

6799: 5520: 5281: 2637: 1690:, however, the second volume is cited far less than the first volume and first edition, except in connection with the controversy. 447: 6779: 6769: 6719: 6674: 6020: 5065: 4918: 3132: 1794:

that all quantitative propositions in physics can be derived from qualitative assertions. In addition to publishing Eddington's

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in Edinburgh, with "mathematical precision at a depth of 6 ft. 6 inches", according to the cemetery register. His entry in the

528:, a dispute which has lasted several decades, though scientific consensus has remained with Einstein. Whittaker served as the 6709: 4728: 4162: 3817: 3441: 2990: 2864: 2729: 2357: 2026: 1620: 1243:. He has several theorems and functions named in his honour. In June 1958, two years after his death, an entire issue of the 5494: 1227:

In addition to his textbooks and other works, several of which remain in print, Whittaker is remembered for his research in

6385: 5024: 6377: 1048:. The first of which was the result of the 1942 Riddell Memorial Lectures at Durham while the second is based on his 1946 5400: 1881: 1296: 792:

in January 1912, where he remained for the rest of his career. The role was left vacant by the death of his predecessor,

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Prior to being compelled by a magistrate to repay the tax burden, Whittaker was one of several activists who engaged in

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A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, from the age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century

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a few days before his death. Whittaker was also awarded honorary doctorates from several universities, including two

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A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, from the age of Descartes to the close of the nineteenth century

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noted that it did not offer any new features. He also wrote several celebrated books in his early career, publishing

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A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity from the Age of Descartes to the Close of the Nineteenth Century

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noted that it was unmatched in these aspects "for many years". The book was an edited set of lecture notes from the

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early in his career, a position he held from 1906 through 1912, before moving on to the chair of mathematics at the

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for his work on the paper "On the connexion of algebraic functions with automorphic functions", published in 1888.

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and he published three papers on the topic throughout his career. Among other contributions, he found the general

6587: 5321: 1391: 1123:, Whittaker had already determined that he was going to give priority for the discovery of special relativity to 614: 483: 141: 4084: 2013: 6754: 6714: 6164: 6036: 5660: 5144: 5092: 4788:

Butzer, P. L.; Ferreira, P. J. S. G.; Higgins, J. R.; Saitoh, S.; Schmeisser, G.; Stens, R. L. (1 April 2011).

3617: 1932: 1746:, who said that he had written Whittaker a letter explaining how the latter's views "did not do justice to the 1292: 1033: 981: 933: 883: 879: 824: 781: 724: 541: 937: 6689: 6562: 6462: 5969: 5259: 5007: 4463: 4345: 2116: 1518: 1355: 1206: 1156: 924:

He was elected either Honorary Fellow or Foreign Member in a number of academic organisations, including the

486:, he authored several popular reference works in mathematics, physics, and the history of science, including 353: 5103: 4383: 4415: 3824:

Whittaker's views on the origin of special relativity have been rejected by the great majority of scholars

6744: 6699: 6597: 6505: 6408: 6316: 5330: 5278: 5275: 5082: 4997: 4103: 1833: 1713: 1707: 1687: 1481: 1474: 1439: 1402: 945: 910: 906: 851: 732: 712: 678: 642: 529: 509: 488: 443: 203: 33: 1861: 6420: 6116: 5820: 5110: 3671:"Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity: Emergence (1905) and Early Interpretation (1905–1911)" 1897: 1865: 1857: 1593:

called the book "epoch making in a very precise sense", noting that just before the development of the

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holds the annual Whittaker Colloquium in his honour. Funded by a donation from his family in 1958, the

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from 1943 to 1945. Whittaker published two book-length works on the topic of Christianity, including

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from a teachers society to an academic research society and was a major driving force in introducing

574: 476: 234: 1597:, the book provided a detailed summary of classical dynamics and the progress that had been made in 1002:. He released two books on Christianity and published several books and papers on the philosophy of 6784: 5644: 5252: 5055: 4923: 4913: 3137: 3127: 1873: 1336: 1200: 1144: 985: 965: 961: 949: 902: 105: 4874: 4860: 51: 6572: 6567: 6148: 5900: 5844: 5636: 5612: 5209: 5028: 4745: 4503: 4115:"'A man who has infinite capacity for making things go': Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker (1873–1956)" 2187: 1288: 1248: 1097: 1036:

in 1936. He was a member of the academy from 1936 onward and served as Honorary President of the

863: 847: 789: 650: 533: 404: 296: 4036: 3921: 1485:, first published in 1902. There were three more editions of the book all in collaboration with 6557: 6489: 6474: 6426: 6012: 5244: 5155: 4942: 4898: 4615: 4037:"Address of the President Dr E. D. Adrian, O. M., at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1954" 3984: 1889: 1760: 1276: 1115: 1053: 973: 809: 728: 593: 424: 317: 301: 905:

from 1920 through 1921, president of the Mathematical and Physical Section (Section A) of the

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and other special functions of mathematical physics, including finding a general solution to

1215: 1172: 1019: 801: 748: 708: 697: 672:, which received popular news coverage as a "remarkable discovery", though the mathematician 669: 1828:

for "his original contributions to both pure and applied mathematics". He then received the

1331:, though they were typically limited to special cases. Whittaker had a lifelong interest in 6654: 6649: 6537: 6407: 6348: 6340: 6124: 5812: 5441: 5306: 5121: 4801: 4701: 4379: 4275: 4223: 4048: 3464: 3028: 2888: 2769: 2263: 1905: 1877: 1743: 1598: 1594: 1582: 1570: 1514: 1417: 1332: 1272: 1252: 1228: 1188: 1168: 941: 927: 597: 456: 322: 275: 57: 6292: 2548:"Review of A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, Vol. II, Edmund Whittaker" 952:

in 1935. In 1956, he was elected as a corresponding member of the Geometry section of the

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just two years later in 1904. In September of that year, Whittaker was forced to sell six

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A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity § Special relativity controversy

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In 1901, while at Cambridge, he married Mary Ferguson Macnaghten Boyd, the daughter of a

805: 755: 740: 736: 468: 452: 389: 4805: 4279: 4227: 4052: 3032: 2773: 5940: 5692: 5451: 5431: 5380: 5311: 4825: 4702:"The history and development of numerical analysis in Scotland: a personal perspective" 4575: 4367: 4333: 4299: 4249: 4187: 4144: 4064: 3989: 3941: 3737: 3572: 3525: 3382: 3054: 2856: 2795: 2575: 2525: 2475: 1717: 1683: 1675: 1610: 1460: 1359: 1328: 1312: 1268: 1256: 1240: 1232: 1101: 859: 839: 693: 521: 472: 460: 348: 280: 148: 4930: 3959: 2563: 419: 6527: 6482: 6180: 6068: 5948: 5796: 5708: 5620: 5436: 5421: 4829: 4817: 4776: 4724: 4680: 4643: 4603: 4531: 4491: 4451: 4403: 4371: 4337: 4291: 4266: 4241: 4191: 4179: 4148: 4136: 4068: 3945: 3917: 3813: 3785: 3729: 3690: 3670: 3637: 3627: 3599: 3589: 3563: 3437: 3402: 3207: 3046: 2870: 2860: 2787: 2735: 2725: 2567: 2517: 2467: 2363: 2353: 2022: 1885: 1667: 1586: 1510: 1348: 1280: 1264: 1236: 1114:

just a few years later. He also continued publishing works in philosophy and theism.

1049: 1037: 871: 768:, published six astronomy papers, and published collected astronomical observations. 701: 622: 618: 581:, a classmate of Whittaker's at the Grammar School with whom he shared the office of 464: 5860: 5363:

A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, the Modern Theories (1900-1926)

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for developing the theory; he attributed relatively little importance to Einstein's

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promotes an outstanding young Scottish mathematician once every four years with the

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promotes an outstanding young Scottish mathematician once every four years with the

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as well as several books on philosophy and theism. Whittaker's bibliography in the

1371: 1367: 1284: 1260: 1191:. They had five children, two daughters and three sons including the mathematician 1160: 1003: 867: 689: 606: 414: 384: 338: 197: 6432: 4303: 4132: 3304: 3185: 3177: 2994: 1096:

Whittaker retired from his position as chair of the mathematics department at the

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at an auction to pay back taxes which he had previously refused to pay due to the

6618: 6613: 6582: 6228: 6052: 5992: 5932: 5756: 5628: 5385: 5199: 5172: 5017: 4287: 3807: 3546:(1952). "A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity. Edmund Whittaker". 2848: 2840: 1829: 1821: 1731: 1663: 1659: 1651: 1340: 1320: 1128: 793: 610: 517: 227: 221: 153: 5512: 4315: 3433: 2015:

Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002

6444: 6356: 6260: 6204: 6108: 5876: 5852: 5836: 5804: 5740: 5676: 5572: 5219: 4720: 4329: 4261: 3781: 3181: 1893: 1837: 1164: 1074: 394: 4813: 4771: 4675: 4656: 4638: 4619: 4598: 4579: 4566: 4547: 4526: 4507: 4486: 4467: 4446: 4430: 4399: 4175: 3421: 2462: 2447:"The Late Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker, M.A., Hon.F.F.A., F.R.S., Sc.D., LL.D." 2446: 776: 6643: 6628: 6623: 6509: 6324: 6284: 6244: 6156: 6004: 5916: 5884: 5748: 5732: 5700: 5604: 5588: 5475: 5236: 4821: 4780: 4684: 4647: 4607: 4535: 4495: 4455: 4407: 4245: 4183: 4140: 3789: 3733: 3694: 3567: 3543: 3406: 3378: 3211: 3202: 3050: 2874: 2791: 2739: 2571: 2543: 2521: 2471: 2367: 2179: 1841: 1825: 1614: 1379: 1279:

wrote about Whittaker's philosophy. Among others, Whittaker coined the terms

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requiring citizens to pay taxes to fund local Christian schools, such as the

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for the next three decades and, towards the end of his career, received the

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courses Whittaker taught and contained results from mathematicians such as

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has been called his "magnum opus". In reference to the title's popularity,

1184: 1023: 855: 625:, went on to be elected Fellows of the Royal Society. He also received the 537: 409: 358: 241: 4790:"Interpolation and Sampling: E.T. Whittaker, K. Ogura and Their Followers" 582: 6236: 6220: 6092: 6076: 6060: 6028: 5924: 5868: 5652: 5355:

A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, the Classic Theories

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Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

2717: 1801: 1057: 673: 662: 626: 399: 343: 265: 4548:"The Contributions of E. T. Whittaker to Algebra and Numerical Analysis" 4468:"Whittaker's Work on the Integral Representation of Harmonic Functions*" 3757:

A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity: The Modern Theories

2579: 2547: 2479: 6268: 6212: 5961: 5828: 5780: 5564: 5048: 3529: 3505: 3383:"A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity. Edmund Whittaker" 2529: 2497: 1783: 1247:

was dedicated to his life and works. The volume included an article by

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University of Toronto Archives & Records Management Services

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was first published in 1904, and quickly became a classic textbook in

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at the post and was appointed upon recommendation from the astronomer

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Entropic creation: religious contexts of thermodynamics and cosmology

1805: 1375: 1210: 835: 784:. Whittaker is featured sitting at the far left end of the front row. 621:

for second, all three along with three other participants, including

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in September 1946, a role he held for over 33 years. He was awarded

5416: 4264:(August 1956). "Edmund T. Whittaker, Mathematician and Historian". 3773: 3725: 3559: 3398: 2844: 2836: 1739: 1567:

A Treatise on the Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies

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A Treatise on the Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies

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by refusing to pay the taxes. In 1905, Whittaker was elected as a

4106:, where the contents are free to read one year after publication. 3759:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Thomas Nelson and Sons. p. 40. 1061: 6504: 5274: 2985: 2983: 2498:"Review of History of Theories of the Aether and Electricity. I" 3710:"Review of A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity" 1787: 1308: 646: 588:

In December 1891 Whittaker received an entrance scholarship to

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and the first was held over five days in August of that year.

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until 1912, when he was appointed chair of mathematics at the

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noted the books have been widely influential in the study of

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which were relatively unknown to English speaking countries.

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Andrews Professor of Astronomy, Royal Astronomer of Ireland

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Andrews Professor of Astronomy, Royal Astronomer of Ireland

36: 3588:. Vol. 2 (2 ed.). New York: Dover Publications. 2021:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. p. 990. 1479:

Whittaker was the original author of the classic textbook

16:

British mathematician and historian of science (1873–1956)

4348:(1 November 1956). "Edmund Taylor Whittaker, 1873-1956". 3960:"List of LMS prize winners | London Mathematical Society" 3912: 2758:"Mathematics at Edinburgh: Sir Edmund Whittaker, F.R.S.E" 1872:

in 1933. He also held the Hitchcock professorship at the

1199:, who would later become Professor of Mathematics at the 25: 3922:"The Sylvester Medal: origins, and recipients 1901–1949" 2008: 2006: 2004: 1585:, which played a fundamental role in the development of 1159:

in November 1956. He received published obituaries from

4580:"Whittaker's Contributions to the Theory of Relativity" 944:

in 1918, the Benares Mathematical Society in 1920, the

4508:"Sir Edmund Whittaker's Work on Automorphic Functions" 4113:

Maidment, Alison; McCartney, Mark (2 September 2019).

3506:"History of Theories of the Aether and Electricity. I" 5391:

Whittaker–Nyquist–Kotelnikov–Shannon sampling theorem

4943:"Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker | British mathematician" 3586:

A history of the theories of aether & electricity

2001: 896: 4351:

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

1918:

List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1905

1445:

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

1153:

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

4620:"Whittaker's Correlation of Physics and Philosophy" 4384:"Obituary: Professor Sir Edmund Whittaker, F. R. S" 2302: 2300: 1723: