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products, and to address Epson customer service in a retail environment. Reps were assigned on weekend shifts, typically around 12–20 hours a week. Epson started the
Weekend Warrior program with TMG Marketing (now Mosaic Sales Solutions), and later with Keystone Marketing Inc, then returned to Mosaic, and switched again to Campaigners Inc. on June 24, 2007 after the Mosaic contract expired. The sales reps of Campaigners, Inc. are not outsourced; Epson hired
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1069:. During printhead maintenance or cleanings, if a cartridge doesn't have enough ink to complete the cleaning, a fuller cartridge must be used. However, users have the choice to swap out a cartridge that is reporting low levels for a fuller cartridge for the cleaning maintenance as needed, and then replace it with the original cartridge to use the remaining ink. The original cartridge does not need to be discarded.
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1020:-based consumer association advised its 640,000 members to boycott Epson inkjet printers. The organisation alleged that Epson customers were unfairly charged for ink they could never use. Later that month, however, the group retracted its call for a nationwide boycott and issued a statement conceding that residual ink left in Epson cartridges was necessary for the printers to function properly.
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Seiko Watch
Corporation, a division of Seiko Group, produces Seiko timepieces in-house through its subsidiaries as well as delegates the manufacture of some of its high-end watches (Seiko Astron, Grand Seiko, Credor, etc) to Epson. The company makes some of Seiko's highest-grade watches at the Micro
630:("EP" for Electronic Printer), which was soon incorporated into many calculators. In June 1975, the name Epson was coined for the next generation of printers based on the EP-101, which was released to the public. The Epson name was coined by joining the initials EP (Electronic Printer) and the word
1023:
Epson designed ink to be left in the cartridges (having done so ever since the introduction of piezoelectric print heads) due to the way the capping mechanism worked. If the capping mechanism dries out, then the heads risk getting clogged, necessitating expensive repairs. The reason that the Dutch
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market. Since 2016, the company has three different models: the
Moverio BT-100, the Moverio BT-200, and the Moverio Pro BT-2000, the latter of which is an enterprise oriented, upgraded version of the BT-200 with stereoscopic cameras. The company also was the first to release consumer smartglasses
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1.53 times as wide as that of the standard 35 mm camera. In 2006, the R-D1 was replaced by the R-D1s, a cheaper version with identical hardware. Epson has released a firmware patch to bring the R-D1 up to the full functionality of its successor, being the first digital camera manufacturer to
894:
In
September 2012, Epson introduced a printer called the Expression Premium XP-800 Small-in-One, with the ability to print wirelessly. The Expression brand name has since been used on various models of scanners. In the third quarter of 2012, Epson's global market share in the sale of printers,
774:
In 1994, Epson started to outsource sales representatives to help sell their products in retail stores in the United States. The same year, they started the Epson
Weekend Warrior sales program. The purpose of the program was to help improve sales, improve retail sales reps' knowledge of Epson
570:
In 1943, Daini
Seikosha established a factory in Suwa for manufacturing Seiko watches with Daiwa Kogyo. In 1959, the Suwa Factory was split up and merged into Daiwa Kogyo to form Suwa Seikosha Co., Ltd: the forerunner of the Seiko Epson Corporation. The company has developed many timepiece
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crystal in each nozzle and did not heat the ink at the print head while spraying it onto the page, and released the Epson MJ-500 inkjet cartridge for the Epson Stylus 800 printer in March 1993. Shortly after in 1994, Epson released the first 720
850:
K. Hattori, Hattori Seiko, and Seiko
Holdings) and the key members of the Hattori family still hold approximately 10% of the outstanding shares of Seiko Epson, the company is managed and operated completely independently from Seiko Group.
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technologies and still a major business for Seiko Epson, although it accounts for a low percentage of total revenues. Watches made by the company are sold through the Seiko Watch
Corporation, a subsidiary of Seiko Group. The watch brand
619:
In 1961, Suwa
Seikosha established a company called Shinshu Seiki Co. as a subsidiary to supply precision parts for Seiko watches. When Seiko was selected to be the official time keeper for the
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colour inkjet printer, the Epson Stylus Color (P860A) utilizing the Micro Piezo head technology. Newer models of the Stylus series employed Epson's special DURABrite ink and used two
543:
The roots of Seiko Epson
Corporation go back to a company called Daiwa Kogyo, Ltd. which was founded in May 1942 by Hisao Yamazaki, a local clock shop owner and former employee of
1039:. It did not admit guilt, but agreed to refund $ 45 to anyone who purchased an Epson inkjet printer after April 8, 1999 (at least $ 20 of which must be used at Epson's e-Store).
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The ink reporting and ink cartridges used in Epson's Stylus Pro 9900-series large format printer reports on ink levels and simultaneously protect the health of the
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consumer association retracted their statement was that, as pointed out, Epson had made a statement regarding how many pages (at usually a 5% coverage of an
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for resale in the U.S. On March 30, 2007, ITC judge Paul Luckern issued an initial determination that the cartridges in question did infringe upon Epson's
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In 2016, Epson presented the large-format SureColor SC-P10000 ink printer; it prints with inks in ten colours on paper up to 44 inches (1.1 m) wide.
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In 2015, it emerged that Epson printers reported cartridges to be empty when in fact up to 20% of their ink remains. As in 2003, the company responded:
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In September 2015, Epson debuted the ET-4550 printer, which enables the user to pour ink into separate inkwells from ink bottles instead of cartridges.
3323:
636:, making "Epson" mean "Electronic Printer's Son". In April of the same year, Epson America Inc. was established to sell printers for Shinshu Seiki Co.
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1058:. He also recommended those companies and others to be barred from manufacturing, importing, or reselling Epson cartridges in the U.S., said Epson.
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494:. Seiko Epson was one of the major companies in the Seiko Group, but is neither a subsidiary nor an affiliate of Seiko Group Corporation.
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to ensure retailers displayed products properly, freeing up its regular sales force to concentrate on profitable sales solutions to
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Epson Robots is the robotics design and manufacturing department of Epson. Seiko Epson produces some microcontrollers, such as the
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863:. Beside Seiko timepieces, Epson develops, designs, manufactures, markets, and sells watches under its own brands such as Trume,
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in Japan. Epson withdrew from the international PC market in 1996. The company still produces and sells PCs in Japan as of 2024.
670:
In July 1982, Shinshu Seiki officially named itself the Epson Corporation and launched the world's first handheld computer, the
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in Tokyo, a printing timer was required to time events, and Shinshu Seiki started developing an electronic printer.
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603:, also known as Orient Star, has been owned by Epson since 2009 and was fully integrated into the company in 2017.
1782:
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1483:"Micro Artist Studio Watchmaker, Yoshifusa Nakazawa | Toki-no-Waza The Artisan of Time|SEIKO WATCH CORPORATION"
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In November 1985, Suwa Seikosha Co., Ltd. and the Epson Corporation merged to form Seiko Epson Corporation.
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367:) of Seiko Epson and the headquarters of Epson Sales Japan on the 29th-32nd levels, located adjunct to the
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1999:
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404:, is a Japanese multinational electronics company and one of the world's largest manufacturers of
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663:(MP-80), was launched in October 1980. It was soon advertised as the best selling printer in the
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1050:(ITC) in February 2006 against 24 companies that manufactured, imported, or distributed Epson-
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pilots for providing a first-person view while still being able to see the drone in the sky.
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In June 2003, the company became public following their listing on the 1st section of the
8:
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1900:
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563:). The company started operation in a 230-square-metre (2,500 sq ft) renovated
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fotointern.ch März 2016, Epson SureColor SC-P10000 schneller grossformatiger Fotodrucker
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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lenses with an adapter ring. Because its sensor is smaller than that of the standard
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and system integrators, leaving "retail" to reps who did not require sales skills.
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In September 1968, Shinshu Seiki launched the world's first mini-printer, the
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The watch business is the root of the company's ultra-precision machining and
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machine. By 1986, the company had shifted to the growing PC market with the
555:(founder of the Seiko Group) and began as a manufacturer of watch parts for
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1958:
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1697:"Epson wins preliminary ruling against aftermarket cartridge manufacturers"
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416:, Japan, the company has numerous subsidiaries worldwide and manufactures
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1963:
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874:(the first digital rangefinder camera on the market), which supports the
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computer. After two years of further development, an improved model, the
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The company developed the Micro Piezo inkjet technology, which used a
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Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association
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and information- and imaging-related equipment. Headquartered in
674:(HC-20), and in May 1983, the world's first portable colour LCD
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1989:
1579:"Review: Epson EcoTank -- an inkjet printer without cartridges"
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First quartz wristwatch movement, the Caliber 35A developed by
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2004:
1994:
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954:, whose popularity was initially started by the Epson MX-80.
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Epson LX-300+ dot matrix printer with optional colour upgrade
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copiers and multifunction devices amounted to 15.20 percent.
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Epson entered the personal computer market in 1983 with the
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JR Shinjuku Miraina Tower, which houses the Tokyo office (
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Toki-no-Waza The Artisan of Time|SEIKO WATCH CORPORATION
575:(Seiko QC-951) in 1963, the world's first quartz watch (
675:
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Companies with an annual revenue of over US$ 3 billion
3064:
Companies with an annual revenue of over US$ 3 billion
551:. Daiwa Kogyo was supported by an investment from the
475:
The company has developed as one of manufacturing and
1084:
1724:"This is How Much Ink the Epson 9900 Printer Wastes"
1539:"New products: earphones block noise and take calls"
2982:
Japan Electronic Industries Development Association
1459:"Wearables Innovation - Investor Relations - Epson"
972:. In 1980, Epson started the production of robots.
950:for controlling print formatting during the era of
842:. Since 2017, the company is a constituent of the
3216:
2106:
1305:(2nd ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. p. 202.
906:with transparent optics, which were popular with
834:SureColor large format printer at Photokina, 2016
571:technologies, such as the world's first portable
3290:
1269:"Corporate Profile セイコーエプソン株式会社 会社案内 2021/2022"
487:, a name traditionally known for manufacturing
1303:Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents
1301:Kelly, Jan Seaman; Lindblom, Brian S. (2006).
1222:". Seiko Epson. Retrieved on January 13, 2009.
975:
886:film frame, lenses mounted on the R-D1 have a
3202:
3038:
2092:
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1300:
1028:) each cartridge could sustain for printing.
472:and other associated electronic components.
3329:Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
1595:Service manual Epson LX-300+, 2000, page 25.
935:To control its printers, Epson introduced a
3052:
1537:Porterfield, Deborah (September 29, 2012).
1536:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1158:"Company Outline | About | Epson"
1031:Nonetheless, Epson America, Inc. settled a
939:, the Epson Standard Code for Printers (or
855:Artist Studio inside its Shiojiri Plant in
742:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
678:was developed and launched by the company.
432:for consumer, business and industrial use,
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2099:
2085:
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1505:In 2009, the company became full owner of
52:
43:
27:Japanese multinational electronics company
3324:Electronics companies established in 1942
1616:
891:make such an upgrade available for free.
846:index. Although Seiko Group Corporation (
762:Learn how and when to remove this message
1360:. Vol. 5, no. 22. 30 May 1983.
1289:
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912:
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785:
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638:
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358:
1420:"Epson Printers - Unrivaled in Quality"
1390:"Corporate History: Timeline 1970-1999"
1319:
581:automatic power-generating quartz watch
14:
3389:Watch manufacturing companies of Japan
3319:Manufacturing companies based in Tokyo
3309:Japanese companies established in 1942
3291:
3190:
3026:
2080:
1764:
1721:
1674:. Epsonsettlement.com. Archived from
1607:(German), retrieved 21 November 2020.
1576:
1378:. Vol. 1, no. 3. July 1985.
1220:Head Office & Japanese Facilities
1164:
794:
790:Epson R-D1 digital rangefinder camera
583:(Seiko Auto-Quartz) in 1988, and the
460:and industrial automation equipment,
2061:
1722:Zhang, Michael (11 September 2015).
1623:automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com
979:
740:adding citations to reliable sources
707:
1577:Nadel, Brian (September 24, 2015).
1048:U.S. International Trade Commission
1046:, Epson filed a complaint with the
24:
815:line. EPSON manufactured and sold
58:Epson's corporate headquarters in
25:
3400:
2972:Electronic Industries Association
2749:Shindengen Electric Manufacturing
1745:
3005:
3004:
2060:
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2050:
1130:
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1094:
984:
870:In 2004, Epson introduced their
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825:
615:Epson LQ 850 dot matrix printer
3364:Electronics companies of Japan
1261:
1249:
1225:
1212:
1191:
1150:
901:Epson is also involved in the
567:storehouse with 22 employees.
390:Epson America headquarters in
13:
1:
3344:Computer peripheral companies
3314:2003 initial public offerings
2108:Electronics industry in Japan
1143:
98:Seikō Epuson Kabushiki-gaisha
3359:Display technology companies
1649:. 2003-10-24. Archived from
1643:"Epson Faces Consumer Suits"
1233:"Company History | Epson US"
7:
3379:Robotics companies of Japan
3339:Computer hardware companies
3334:Computer companies of Japan
1567:Retrieved 17. January 2013.
1258:, Investor Relations, Epson
1073:
976:Ink cartridge controversies
697:(an HD 850 and an HD 860).
606:
10:
3405:
3354:Computer systems companies
3349:Computer printer companies
1037:Los Angeles Superior Court
961:
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538:
497:
184:(Officially registered in
29:
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2013:
1982:
1946:
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1052:compatible ink cartridges
993:This section needs to be
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103:
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78:
66:
51:
42:
1927:Seiko Sports Association
1672:"XO(R) Web Site Hosting"
1617:Nick Holt (2008-11-01).
1513:manufacturers in Japan.
937:printer control language
924:
577:Seiko Quartz Astron 35SQ
529:in 1969 and used in the
477:research and development
392:Los Alamitos, California
30:Not to be confused with
3374:Point of sale companies
2540:Nidec Copal Corporation
1831:Seiko Epson Corporation
1819:Seiko Group Corporation
398:Seiko Epson Corporation
249:Representative Director
38:Seiko Epson Corporation
1906:Spring Drive mechanism
1841:Orient Watch Co., Ltd.
1824:Seiko Instruments Inc.
1619:"Driven to automation"
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918:
835:
791:
705:
644:
616:
394:
383:
161:(as Daiwa Kogyo, Ltd.)
152:; 82 years ago
3129:Oki Electric Industry
2518:Mobile Communications
2042:† Joint venture with
1565:Print industry crisis
1509:, one of the largest
1063:
916:
833:
789:
781:value-added resellers
703:
642:
614:
579:) in 1969, the first
462:semiconductor devices
389:
362:
313:1.129 trillion (2021)
2597:Integra Home Theater
2498:Murata Manufacturing
1678:on December 14, 2007
1515:Orient Watch History
1175:"Annual Report 2022"
1033:class action lawsuit
844:Nikkei Stock Average
840:Tokyo Stock Exchange
736:improve this section
621:1964 Summer Olympics
400:, commonly known as
3258:Samsung Electronics
2641:Renesas Electronics
2493:Mitsubishi Electric
2476:Micron Memory Japan
2312:Hamamatsu Photonics
2285:Business Innovation
1035:brought before the
952:dot matrix printers
867:, and Orient Star.
704:Epson R2000 printer
651:, an eighty-column
479:(formerly known as
466:crystal oscillators
325:Number of employees
39:
2000:Micro flying robot
1520:2012-01-10 at the
1400:on 1 December 2020
1372:"State of the Art"
919:
836:
795:Personal computers
792:
706:
653:dot matrix printer
647:In June 1978, the
645:
617:
395:
384:
268:personal computers
37:
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3184:
3183:
3020:
3019:
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2796:Sumitomo Electric
2732:Seiko Instruments
2547:Nihon Dempa Kogyo
2359:Ikegami Tsushinki
2074:
2073:
2034:
2033:
1935:
1934:
1848:Ohara Corporation
1327:"Company History"
1256:Epson at a Glance
1199:"Company History"
1113:Telecommunication
1080:Inkjet technology
1026:A4 sheet of paper
1014:
1013:
948:industry standard
772:
771:
764:
596:micromechatronics
561:Seiko Instruments
442:desktop computers
365:registered office
357:
356:
150:May 18, 1942
16:(Redirected from
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3197:
3188:
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3047:
3040:
3033:
3024:
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3008:
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2992:Yagi–Uda antenna
2781:Stanley Electric
2683:Sanwa Electronic
2562:Nippon Chemi-Con
2134:Alaxala Networks
2119:
2118:
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1947:Computer systems
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1943:
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1756:
1754:Official website
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1044:IDG News Service
1016:In July 2003, a
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483:) of the former
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372:Shinjuku Station
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2317:Hirose Electric
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1978:
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470:sensing systems
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1703:. 9 April 2007
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820:PC-9801 clones
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557:Daini Seikosha
553:Hattori family
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430:laser printers
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303:
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293:semiconductors
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230:Yasunori Ogawa
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1653:on 2006-04-23
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1583:Computerworld
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888:field of view
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876:Leica M mount
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721:This section
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686:piezoelectric
682:
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665:United States
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658:
657:Commodore PET
654:
650:
649:TX-80 (TP-80)
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527:Suwa Seikosha
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3384:Watch brands
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3083:
3009:
2725:Orient Watch
2719:
2572:NKK Switches
2171:Bandai Namco
2026:Orient Watch
1983:Technologies
1940:Epson assets
1891:Jean Lassale
1872:Seiko assets
1836:Epson Robots
1830:
1731:. Retrieved
1727:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:Ars Technica
1700:
1691:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:the original
1666:
1655:. Retrieved
1651:the original
1646:
1637:
1626:. Retrieved
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1548:. Retrieved
1542:
1532:
1507:Orient Watch
1501:
1490:. Retrieved
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1466:. Retrieved
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1423:. Retrieved
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1398:the original
1393:
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1334:. Retrieved
1330:
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1280:. Retrieved
1276:www.epson.jp
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1240:. Retrieved
1236:
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1193:
1182:. Retrieved
1180:. 2022-06-29
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1060:
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1030:
1022:
1015:
1002:
994:
967:
964:Epson Robots
934:
920:
903:smartglasses
900:
897:
893:
869:
853:
837:
826:21st century
807:-compatible
798:
777:rack jobbers
773:
758:
749:
734:Please help
722:
683:
680:
669:
646:
632:
625:
618:
601:Orient Watch
593:
585:Spring Drive
573:quartz timer
569:
549:Suwa, Nagano
542:
531:Seiko Astron
474:
401:
397:
396:
382:wards, Tokyo
340:Orient Watch
288:smartglasses
166:Headquarters
104:Company type
97:
84:セイコーエプソン株式会社
60:Suwa, Nagano
2801:Taiyo Yuden
2769:Square Enix
2705:Seiko Group
2658:Riso Kagaku
2567:Nitto Denko
2260:ESP Guitars
1974:PX-8 Geneva
1792:Seiko Group
1733:13 December
1404:13 December
1336:13 December
1125:Electronics
1018:Netherlands
695:hard drives
643:Epson HX-20
559:(currently
485:Seiko Group
233: [
213: [
210:Minoru Usui
195:Area served
141:Electronics
80:Native name
3293:Categories
2693:Sega Sammy
2389:JVCKenwood
2044:Canon Inc.
1954:ActionNote
1682:2009-07-30
1657:2009-07-30
1628:2022-11-09
1492:2021-01-14
1468:2021-01-14
1282:2021-09-05
1242:2017-12-20
1205:2017-09-02
1201:. Epson US
1184:2022-07-13
1144:References
1137:Technology
752:March 2023
545:K. Hattori
492:timepieces
422:dot matrix
278:projectors
205:Key people
157:1942-05-18
69:Trade name
3253:Panasonic
3221:companies
3139:Panasonic
3094:Hikvision
3057:companies
2881:Zojirushi
2609:Panasonic
2508:Nakamichi
2233:Denso Ten
2206:D+M Group
2115:Companies
1728:PetaPixel
1707:16 August
1544:USA Today
1511:timepiece
1425:16 August
1357:InfoWorld
1237:epson.com
1101:Companies
1067:printhead
1005:July 2023
723:does not
591:in 1999.
456:systems,
335:Divisions
241:President
199:Worldwide
121:Traded as
91:Romanized
3089:Fujifilm
3011:Category
2942:National
2876:Yokogawa
2744:Shimadzu
2619:Technics
2557:Nintendo
2530:Nichicon
2436:KO PROPO
2384:JR Propo
2280:Fujifilm
2056:Category
1803:Seikosha
1647:PC World
1518:Archived
1352:"Advert"
1331:Epson US
1074:See also
945:de facto
857:Shiojiri
607:Printers
589:movement
481:Seikosha
434:scanners
406:printers
376:Shinjuku
263:Printers
256:Products
225:Director
221:Chairman
137:Industry
3273:Toshiba
3171:Toshiba
3156:Samsung
3134:Olympus
3119:Lexmark
3114:Kyocera
3055:imaging
2937:Minolta
2917:Bronica
2900:Defunct
2871:Yaskawa
2841:Toshiba
2673:Rubycon
2636:Plextor
2626:Pioneer
2582:Olympus
2486:Mitsumi
2446:Kyocera
2421:Kiramek
2411:Keyence
2399:Kenwood
2327:Clarion
2322:Hitachi
2292:Fujitsu
2216:Marantz
2176:Brother
2156:Anritsu
2122:Current
2066:Commons
1879:Watches
1087:Portals
1056:patents
995:updated
744:removed
729:sources
539:Origins
498:History
450:watches
426:thermal
380:Shibuya
369:JR East
346:Website
302:Revenue
283:watches
155: (
147:Founded
3217:Major
3149:Pentax
3053:Major
2947:Norita
2932:Konica
2927:Contax
2922:Chinon
2866:Yamaha
2846:Uniden
2836:Topcon
2806:Tamron
2710:Pulsar
2688:SCREEN
2678:Sansui
2668:Roland
2651:Pentax
2631:Pixela
2525:Nichia
2466:Maspro
2461:Mamiya
2451:Luxman
2426:Konami
2416:Kioxia
2364:Iwatsu
2349:Ibiden
2344:Ibanez
2332:Maxell
2307:Futaba
2302:Furuno
2270:Fostex
2255:Elecom
2223:Daikin
2201:Cosina
2191:CatEye
2149:Alpine
2139:Alinco
1990:EP-101
1959:Equity
1922:DS-250
1901:Astron
1896:Pulsar
1441:"パソコン"
1309:
958:Robots
865:Orient
861:Nagano
813:Equity
628:EP-101
587:watch
458:robots
438:laptop
418:inkjet
414:Nagano
273:robots
247:&
223:&
175:Nagano
108:Public
3304:Seiko
3299:Epson
3263:Sharp
3243:Epson
3238:Casio
3176:Xerox
3161:Sharp
3144:Ricoh
3124:Nikon
3104:Kodak
3084:Epson
3079:Canon
3074:Apple
2965:Other
2891:Zuken
2861:Yaesu
2856:Wacom
2851:Ushio
2821:Tiger
2774:Taito
2754:Sigma
2739:Sharp
2720:Epson
2715:Seiko
2646:Ricoh
2614:Sanyo
2592:Onkyo
2587:Omron
2552:Nikon
2535:Nidec
2503:Mutoh
2471:Melco
2406:Kawai
2297:Funai
2265:FANUC
2228:Denso
2211:Denon
2186:Casio
2181:Canon
2014:Other
2005:S1C6x
1995:ESC/P
1964:HX-20
1915:Other
1394:Epson
1272:(PDF)
1178:(PDF)
970:S1C63
941:ESC/P
931:ESC/P
925:ESC/P
908:drone
884:35 mm
848:f/k/a
801:QX-10
672:HX-20
661:MX-80
547:, in
489:Seiko
402:Epson
237:]
217:]
181:Japan
74:Epson
32:Epsom
18:EPSON
3166:Sony
2977:INCJ
2912:Akai
2907:Aiwa
2886:Zoom
2816:TEAC
2791:Stax
2759:Sony
2698:Sega
2663:Rohm
2441:Korg
2374:JEOL
2354:Icom
2339:Hoya
2250:Eizo
2245:Eiki
2144:Alps
2129:Aiwa
2021:R-D1
1969:PX-4
1886:Alba
1735:2016
1709:2015
1552:2012
1427:2015
1406:2016
1376:SPIN
1338:2016
1307:ISBN
878:and
872:R-D1
805:CP/M
803:, a
727:any
725:cite
565:miso
440:and
428:and
410:Suwa
378:and
317:US$
171:Suwa
131:6724
112:K.K.
93:name
3248:NCR
2811:TDK
2764:SNK
2577:Oki
2513:NEC
2394:JVC
2379:JRC
2240:DNP
2161:AOR
817:NEC
809:Z80
738:by
691:dpi
633:son
374:in
245:CEO
127:TYO
3295::
3099:HP
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1699:.
1645:.
1621:.
1581:.
1541:.
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1461:.
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