East Syriac Rite - Knowledge

2008:

the signing with oil, after which follow an Antiphon of the Sanctuary and Ps. xliv, cix, cxxxi, with giyuri, Litanies, and Collects, then the lakhumara, Trisagion, and Lections (Epistle and Gospel ), and the Karazutha, after which the priest says the prayer of the imposition of hands, and the unbaptized are dismissed. An antiphon answering to that "of the mysteries" follows, and then the Creed is said. The bringing forward of the Holy Horn and the blessing of the oil take the place of the Offertory. The Anaphora is paralleled by Sursum corda, Preface, and Sanctus, a Nithi Mar, or Epiklesis, upon the oil, a commixture of the new oil with that of the Holy Horn, and the Lord's Prayer. Then the font is blessed and signed with the holy oil, and in the place of the Communion comes the Baptism itself. The children are signed with the oil on the breast and then anointed all over, and are dipped thrice in the font. The formula is: "N., be thou baptized in the name of the Father, in the name of the Son, in the name of the Holy Ghost. Amen." Then follows the post-baptismal thanksgiving. Confirmation follows immediately. There are two prayers of Confirmation and a signing between the eyes with the formula: "N., is baptized and perfected in the name, etc." It is not quite clear whether oil should be used with this signing or not. Then any oil that remains over is poured into the Holy Horn, held over the font, and the water in the font is loosed from its former consecration with rather curious ceremonies. The Chaldean Catholics have added the renunciations, profession of faith, and answers of the sponsors from the Roman Ritual, and anoint with chrism.

1687: 1741:—of the idea of the Sanctus into a recital of the work of Redemption, extending to some length and ending, in the Anaphorae of Nestorius and Theodore, with the recital of the Institution. In the Anaphora of the Apostles the recital of the Institution is wanting, though it has been supplied in the Anglican edition of the Church of the East book. Hammond (Liturgies Eastern and Western, p. lix) and most other writers hold that the Words of Institution belong to this Liturgy and should be supplied somewhere; Hammond (loc.cit) suggests many arguments for their former presence. The reason of their absence is uncertain. While some hold that this essential passage dropped out in times of ignorance, others say it never was there at all, being unnecessary, since the consecration was held to be effected by the subsequent Epiklesis alone. Another theory, evidently of Western origin and not quite consistent with the general Eastern theory of consecration by an Epiklesis following Christ's words, is that, being the formula of 1792:

many churches not so often, a sort of "dry Mass" being used instead. The Chaldean Catholic priests say Mass daily, and where there are many priests there will be many Masses in the same Church in one day, which is contrary to the Church of the East canons. The Anglican editions of the liturgies omit the names of the authors and call the Anaphorae of Nestorius and Theodore the "Second Hallowing" and "Third Hallowing". Otherwise there are no alterations except the addition of Words of Institution to the first Anaphorae. The recent Catholic edition has made the same alterations and substituted "Mother of God" for "Mother of Christ". In each edition the added Words of Institution follow the form of the rite of the edition. The prayers of the Mass, like those of the Orthodox Eastern Church, are generally long and diffuse. Frequently they end with a sort of doxology called Qanuna which is said aloud, the rest being recited in a low tone. The Qanuna in form and usage resembles the Greek ekphonesis.

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is not used in ordination or for the sick. There are two sorts of oil; the one is ordinary olive oil, blessed or not blessed for the occasion, the other is the oil of the Holy Horn. The last, which, though really only plain oil, represents the chrism (or myron) of other rites, is believed to have been handed down from the Apostles with the Holy Leaven. The legend is that the Baptist caught the water which fell from the body of Christ at His baptism and preserved it. He gave it to St. John the Evangelist, who added to it some of the water which fell from the pierced side. At the Last Supper Jesus gave two loaves to St. John, bidding him keep one for the Holy Leaven. With this St. John mingled some of the Blood from the side of Christ. After Pentecost the Apostles mixed oil with the

1988:, but not Penance or Unction of the sick. The Chaldean Catholics now have a form not unlike the Byzantine and West Syriac. The nearest approach to Penance among the Nestorians is a form, counted as a sacrament, for the reconciliation of apostates and excommunicated persons, prayers from which are occasionally used in cases of other penitents. Assemani's arguments (ibid., cclxxxvi–viii) for a belief in Penance as a Sacrament among the ancient Nestorians or for the practice of auricular confession among the Malabar Nestorians are not conclusive. The Chaldeans have a similar form to that of the Roman Rite. The Assyrian Church of the East omits Matrimony from the list, and make up the number of the mysteries to seven by including the 1938: 1755:, or Invocation of Holy Spirit. The Epiklesis itself is called Nithi Mar (May He come, O Lord) from its opening words. The Liturgy of the Apostles is so vague as to the purpose of the Invocation that, when the words of Institution are not said, it would be difficult to imagine this formula to be sufficient on any hypothesis, Eastern or Western. The Anaphorae of Nestorius and Theodore, besides having the Words of Institution, have definite Invocations, evidently copied from Antiochean or Byzantine forms. The older Chaldean and the Malabar Catholic books have inserted the Words of Institution with an Elevation, after the Epiklesis. But the 1901 Mosul edition puts the Words of Institution first. 1868:. There are only three regular hours of service (Evening, Midnight, and Morning) with a rarely used compline. In practice only Morning and Evening are commonly used, but these are extremely well attended daily by laity as well as clergy. When the Church of the East had monasteries (which is no longer the case) seven hours of prayer were the custom in them, and three hulali of the Psalter were recited at each. This would mean a daily recitation of the whole Psalter. The present arrangement provides for seven hulali at each ferial night service, ten on Sundays, three on "Memorials", and the whole Psalter on feasts of Our Lord. 66: 1927: 1958: 666: 6833: 1900:

Sundays are generally named after the Shawu'a in which they occur, "Fourth Sunday of Epiphany", "Second Sunday of the Annunciation ", etc., though sometimes the name changes in the middle of a Shawu'a. Most of the "Memorials" (dukhrani), or saints' days, which have special lections, occur on the Fridays between Christmas and Lent, and are therefore movable feasts, such as Christmas, Ephiphany, the Assumption, and about thirty smaller days without proper lections are on fixed days. There are four shorter fasting periods besides the Great Fast (Lent); these are:

1819: 1157:(1994) document asserted that the split that occurred due to the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD was "due in large part to misunderstandings," affirmed for both that "Christ is true God and true man," recognized "each other as sister Churches" and vowed to resolve remaining differences. In 2001, the committee, established from the 1994 dialogue, drew-up guidelines for mutual admission to the Eucharist between the Chaldean Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East, overcoming all other issues. 6822: 626: 661: 38: 6039: 2072:). Quashisha and Apisqupa only denote the degree. Kahnutha, priesthood, is used of the three degrees of deacon, priest, and bishop. The ordination formula is: "N. has been set apart, consecrated, and perfected to the work of the diaconate to the Levitical and stephanite Office , in the Name, etc., In the case of a bishop it is : "to the great work of the episcopate of the city of ..." A similar formula is used for archdeacons and metropolitans. 6844: 1356: 3175: 7746: 6725: 6028: 3958: 2406: 910: 899: 2390: 3149: 7734: 2786: 1578:), which, according to tradition, "was given and handed down to us by our holy fathers Mar Addai and Mar Mari and Mar Toma", and of which and of the holy oil a very strange story is told. The real leavening, however, is done by means of fermented dough (khmira) from the preparation of the last Eucharistic Liturgy. The Chaldean and Syro-Malabar Catholics now use unleavened bread. 1654:

the Virgin Mary, Mother of Christ" (Chaldean; usual Malabar Rite, "Mother of God"; but according to Raulin's Latin of the Malabar Rite, "Mother of God Himself and of the Lord Jesus Christ"), and of the patron of the Church (in the Malabar Rite, "of St.Thomas"). Then follows the proper "Antiphon of the Mysteries" (Unitha d' razi), answering to the offertory.

1674:. The Malabar Book has an exact translation of Latin. In Neale's translation of the Malabar Rite the Karazutha, the Offertory, and the Expulsion of the Unbaptized come before the Lections and the Creed follows immediately on the Gospel, but in the Propaganda edition of 1774 the Offertory follows the Creed, which follows the Gospel. 2007:

The baptismal service is modeled on the Eucharistic. The Mass of the Catechumens is almost identical, with of course appropriate Collects, psalms, Litanies, and Lections. After the introductory Gloria, Lord's Prayer, Marmitha (in this case Psalm 88) and its Collect, follow the imposition of hands and

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The only other rite of any interest is the consecration of churches. Oil, but not chrism, plays a considerable part in these rites, being used in Baptism, possibly in Confirmation, in the reconciliation of apostates, etc., in the consecration of churches, and the making of bread for the Eucharist. It

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The deacons proclaim the expulsion of the unbaptized, and set the "hearers" to watch the doors. The priest places the bread and wine on the altar, with words (in the Church of the East, but not in the Chaldean Catholic Rite) which seem as if they were already consecrated. He sets aside a "memorial of

1899:

The year is divided into periods of about seven weeks each, called Shawu'i; these are Advent (called Subara, "Annunciation"), Ephiphany, Lent, Easter, the Apostles, Summer, "Elias and the Cross", "Moses", and the "Dedication" (Qudash idta). "Moses" and the "Dedication" have only four weeks each. The

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At the morning service the invariable psalms are cix, xc, ciii (1–6), cxii, xcii, cxlviii, cl, cxvi. On ferias and "Memorials" Ps. cxlvi is said after Ps. cxlviii, and on ferias Ps. 1, 1–18, comes at the end of the psalms. The rest of the services consist of prayers, antiphons, litanies, and verses

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is in both species separately, the priest giving the Host and the deacon the Chalice. Then follows a variable antiphon of thanksgiving, a post-communion, and a dismissal. Afterwards the Mkaprana, an unconsecrated portion of the holy loaf, is distributed to the communicants, but not, as in the case

1610:

There are four or five Lections: (a) the Law and (b) the Prophecy, from the Old Testament, (c) the Lection from the Acts, (d) the Epistle, always from St. Paul, (e) the Gospel. Some days have all five lections, some four, some only three. All have an Epistle and a Gospel, but, generally, when there

1917:

The Fast of the Ninevites commemorates the repentance of Nineveh at the preaching of Jonas, and is carefully kept. Those of Mar Zaya and the Virgins are nearly obsolete. As compared with the Latin and Greek Calendars, that of the Chaldeans, whether Catholic or Assyrian, is very meagre. The Malabar

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Properly, and according to their own canons, the Church of the East ought to say Mass on every Sunday and Friday, on every festival, and daily during the first, middle, and last week of Lent and the octave of Easter. In practice it is only said on Sundays and greater festivals, at the best, and in

1879:

Both morning and evening services end with several prayers, a blessing, (Khuthama, "Sealing" ), the kiss of peace, and the Creed. The variables, besides the psalms, are those of the feast or day, which are very few, and those of the day of the fortnight. These fortnights consist of weeks called

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is made in the Chalice with one half, after which the other with the half that has been dipped in the chalice. The two halves are then reunited on the Paten. Then a cleft is made in the Host "qua parte intincta est in Sanguine" (Renaudot's tr.), and a particle is put in the chalice, after some

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of the Greek antidoron, and as the name of the latter implies, to non-communicants. The Chaldean Catholics are communicated with the Host dipped in the Chalice. They reserve what is left of the Holy Gifts, while the Church of the East priests consume all before leaving the church.

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or Aramaic language. For Aramaic, it especially refers to the form that is found in certain chapters of Daniel. That usage continued until the Latin missionaries at Mosul in the 17th century adopted it to distinguish the Catholics of the East Syriac Rite from those of the

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In recent times they have been called, chiefly by the Anglicans, the "Assyrian Church", a name which can be defended on archaeological grounds. Brightman, in his "Liturgies Eastern and Western", includes Chaldean and Malabar Catholics and Assyrians under "Persian Rite".

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in 1599. So effectively was the original Malabar Rite abolished by the Synod in favour of this revision, and by the schismatics (when in 1649, being cut off from their own patriarch by the Spaniards and Portuguese, they put themselves under the

1153: 2060:(Kurapisqupa), which never involved episcopal ordination in the Church of the East. When a priest is engaged in sacerdotal functions, he is called Kahna (i.e., lereus; sacerdos) and a bishop is similarly Rab kahni (Chief of the Priests, 1880:"Before" (Qdham) and "After" (Wathar), according to which of the two choirs begins the service. Hence the book of the Divine Office is called Qdham u wathar, or at full length Kthawa daqdham wadhwathar, the "Book of Before and After". 1569:

The Eucharistic Liturgy is preceded by a preparation, or "Office of the Prothesis", which includes the solemn kneading and baking of the loaves. These were traditionally leavened, the flour being mixed with a little oil and the

1745:, it was held too sacred to be written down. It does not seem to be quite certain whether Church of the East priests did or did not insert the Words of Institution in old times, but it seems that many of them do not do so now. 1623:(interpretation) are, or should be, said; that before the Epistle is invariable, that of the Gospel varies with the day. They answer to the Greek prokeimena. The Turgama of the Epistle is preceded by proper psalm verses called 1871:

At the evening service there is a selection of from four to seven psalms, varying with the day of the week, and also a Shuraya, or short psalm, with generally a portion of Ps. cxviii, varying with the day of the fortnight.

2114: 2004:, and each took a horn of it, and the loaf they ground to pieces and mixed it with flour and salt to be the Holy Leaven. The Holy Horn is constantly renewed by the addition of oil blessed by a bishop on Maundy Thursday. 2346: 3219: 1835: 2630: 1347:(which broke away from the Assyrian Church of the East in the 1960s due to a dispute involving changes to the liturgical calendar, but is now in the process of reunification), and the Chaldean Catholic Church. 2656: 2079:

on the four interior walls of the sanctuary, and these and the lintel of the door and various other places are anointed. The oil is not that of the Holy Horn, but fresh olive oil consecrated by the bishop.

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Few of the manuscripts, except some lectionaries in the British Museum, were written before the 15th century, and most, whether Chaldean or Nestorian, are of the 17th and 18th. The books in use are:

2023:, while not viewed as a sacrament in much of East Syriac Christianity, features several rituals, including the crowning of the couple and, within the Assyrian Church of the East, the consumption of 1686: 1837: 1593:, with a preliminary prayer, varying for Sundays and greater feasts and for "Memorials" and ferias. In the Malabar Rite, Pss. xiv, cl, and cxvi are said in alternate verses by priests and deacons. 2142: 1445:

which weakened the Church, and the Christians of Socotra were Islamized in the 16th century. The Church in India was divided and cut off from their hierarchy due to the Portuguese support for

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Rite has largely adopted the Roman Calendar, and several Roman days have been added to that of the Chaldean Catholics. The Chaldean Easter coincides with that of the Roman Catholic Church.

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The first Lavabo, followed by a Kushapa ("beseeching", i.e., prayer said in kneeling) and a form of the "Orate fratres", with its response. Then the variations of the three Anaphora begin.

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are missing in the original version of the Liturgy of Saints Addai and Mari. However, the Eastern Catholic churches have added-in the words of Institution in their version of the liturgy.

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Donald Daniel Leslie (1998). "The Integration of Religious Minorities in China: The Case of Chinese Muslims" (PDF). The Fifty-ninth George Ernest Morrison Lecture in Ethnology. p. 15.

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of southwestern India. This account is not yet confirmed, as the earliest-record for an organised Christian presence in India is from the 6th century account of Alexandrian traveller

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The Liturgy itself is introduced by the first verse of the Gloria in Excelsis and the Lord's prayer, with "farcings" (giyura), consisting of a form of the Sanctus. Then follow:

938: 1558:, both of which occur in Epiphany-tide on the Wednesday of the Rogation of the Ninevites, and on Maundy Thursday. The third is used (except when the second is ordered) from 2124: 1876:(giyura) inserted, like the Greek stichera, but more extensively, between verses of psalms. On Sundays the Gloria in Excelsis and Benedicte are said instead of Ps. cxlvi. 2056:). The degree of archdeacon, though has an ordination service of its own, is only counted as a degree of the presbyterate, and is by some held to be the same as that of 2634: 4307: 2660: 220: 5722: 2600: 2812: 30:

This article is about the Edessan liturgical rite that originated in historical Mesopotamia and Edessa. For the Divine Liturgy of the East Syriac tradition, see

4337: 2224: 1828: 608: 1425:, the large Church of the East structure was all but destroyed- reducing it to a few small communities in Persia, their homeland in Mesopotamia, Cyprus, the 7654: 2383: 2263: 6075: 5642: 2281: 2230: 2200: 2154: 1433:. These remaining communities were later whittled away at in other events. The Church of the East in Cyprus united themselves to Rome in 1445, there was a 4740: 3721: 2386:, that no copy is known to exist, but it is evident from the revised form that it could not have differed materially from the existing East Syriac Rite. 2253: 931: 2260:

has published an English translation of the first part of the Takhsa, both parts "unmodified except by the omission of the heretical names" (Brightman);

2298: 2249: 2100: 5207: 3662: 3232: 642: 2304:, Rome, 1767). A new and revised edition, containing the three liturgies and the lections, epistles, and gospels was published by the Dominicans at 2148: 2096: 1737:

The Post-Sanctus (to use the Hispanico-Gallican term) is an amplification—similar in idea and often in phraseology to those in all liturgies except

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and his destruction of Christian settlements across Asia, in addition to other factors such as anti-Christian and Buddhist oppression during the

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is a Lection from Law there is none from the Acts, and vice versa. Sometimes there is none from either Law or Acts. The first three are called

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These three, which together form a Takhsa and Lectionary, are commonly found bound together. The Propaganda reprinted the third part in 1845.

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The veil is thrown open, the deacon exhorts the communicants to draw near, the priests breaks up the Host for distribution. Then follows the

1670:", may enshrine a Nestorian idea, but the Chaldean Catholics do not seem to have noticed it, their only alteration being the addition of the 1222:

The variety of terms used as designations for the rite reflects its complex history and consequent denominational diversity. The common term

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The Consecration of churches (Siamidha or Qudash Madhbkha) consists largely of unctions. The altar is anointed all over, and there are four

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in charge there. The liturgy of the Church of the East is attributed to these two, but it is said to have been revised by the Patriarch

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Kochuparampil, Jose (2007). "Theology of 'Rāzē: The Mysteries of the Church in the East Syriac Tradition". In Maniyattu, Pauly (ed.).

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The prayer of Memorial (Dukhrana) of the Living and the Dead, and the Diptychs; the latter is now obsolete in the Church of the East.

7546: 6801: 6674: 5880: 5742: 4660: 3307: 2257: 2206: 6068: 4255: 2269: 2218: 1267: 2103:) in its three forms, with the administration of other sacraments, and various occasional prayers and blessings. It is nearly the 1666:. It is possible that the order or words "and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost and was made man, and was conceived and born of the 7791: 6979: 6669: 6609: 5827: 4921: 1599:

The Lakhumara, an antiphon beginning "To Thee, Lord", which occurs in other services also preceded by a similarly varying prayer.

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under the headship of the Shimun line. A small group of Indians eventually rejoined the Assyrian Church of the East, forming the

1274:". Modern members of the Assyrian Church of the East and the Ancient Church of the East distinguish themselves from the rest of 7294: 7288: 6396: 4155: 4150: 253: 5859: 5807: 4439: 3317: 3312: 3131: 3022: 2953: 1449:

in 1599. Due to these events, the diaspora of the Church of the East diminished. The Elia line eventually developed into the

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generally meant magician or astrologer, denoted in Latin and other European languages (Greater) Syrian nationality, and the

6755: 6270: 5797: 5533: 4051: 3986: 3464: 2991: 230: 7629: 6061: 5837: 5667: 4575: 4322: 3261: 1406:, the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon cut itself off from Western Christianity. In 498 the Catholicos assumed the title of " 7776: 7306: 5496: 4993: 4602: 4327: 3281: 2608: 1783:, with Introduction and Embolism, and the Sancta Sanctis, and then the "Antiphon of the Bema" (Communion) is sung. The 98: 1726:, but the East Syriac form is more elaborate than any other, especially in the Anaphora of Theodore. Then follows the 1606:. Incense is used before this. In the Eastern Rite at low Mass the elements are put on the altar before the incensing. 6345: 5479: 5081: 4728: 4562: 4013: 3248: 3228: 3153: 3060: 2977: 2915: 2480: 1477:

churches in their own set of schisms. Additionally, the secession of a large number to the Russian Church due to the

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Puthiakunnel, Thomas (1973). "Jewish colonies of India paved the way for St. Thomas". In Menachery, George (ed.).

1937: 6974: 6748: 6594: 6381: 6240: 6002: 5344: 5319: 5284: 5279: 5244: 5124: 4723: 4607: 4197: 4160: 4043: 4023: 3979: 3469: 3286: 1481:, a Kurdish massacre in 1843, and an attempt to form an Independent Catholic Chaldean Church on the model of the 1391: 810: 800: 770: 765: 755: 551: 441: 177: 7796: 7369: 7354: 7336: 7312: 7217: 7042: 6664: 6314: 5940: 5652: 5339: 5309: 5289: 5229: 5019: 4735: 4273: 4265: 4177: 4038: 4018: 3750: 2286: 1527: 879: 790: 775: 745: 660: 2681: 7223: 7184: 7098: 6969: 6579: 6174: 5314: 5304: 4630: 4501: 4399: 4096: 795: 785: 556: 215: 49: 1363:

The Chaldean rite originally grew out of the liturgy of the Church in Edessa. The tradition, resting on the

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based in Iraq, an autocephalous Eastern church, that separated from the Assyrian Church of the East in 1964.

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borders). According to traditional accounts, Thomas the Apostle is believed to have traveled as far as the

805: 280: 3197: 3036: 7781: 7693: 7639: 7502: 7200: 6919: 6894: 6888: 6811: 6681: 6498: 6357: 6255: 6249: 6219: 5905: 4655: 4523: 4392: 3334: 2323:"Breviarium Chaldaicum", etc., . Translation of ca. 70% in English available at: www.syriac-treasury.work 1458: 1454: 1438: 1340: 1314: 1259: 1173: 1093: 496: 225: 194: 189: 184: 135: 17: 7703: 6925: 6325: 6225: 6132: 5822: 5620: 5274: 4926: 4892: 4851: 3605: 1442: 1344: 1191: 1105: 139: 7348: 1092:

The East Syriac rite remains in-use within churches descended from the Church of the East, namely the

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and of his correspondence with Christ, which has been shown to be apocryphal — is to the effect that

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spread throughout Persia, Tartary, Mongolia, China, and India due to the efforts of Missionaries.

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in 1901. The Order of the Church Services of Common Days, etc., from Kthawa dhaqdham wadhwathar (

1546:. The first is the most popularly and extensively used. The second was traditionally used on the 1512: 1198: 1074: 235: 7468: 7080: 6882: 6876: 6784:

with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans

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The Prayer of the Great Oblation with a second memorial of the Living and the Dead, a Kushapa.

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bishop holding the Mar Thoma Christian Cross which symbolizes the heritage and identity of the

1462: 1326: 1183: 1101: 874: 842: 699: 164: 114: 90: 6984: 6604: 3012: 2470: 2457: 1926: 1371:, on his way to India, established Christianity in Mesopotamia, Assyria, and Persia, and left 7092: 7068: 5737: 5564: 4989: 4770: 4635: 4481: 4187: 4125: 4084: 4069: 3190: 3161:

The Center for the Study of Christianity: A Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity

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The "Antiphon of the Sanctuary" (Unitha d' qanki), variable, with a similarly varying prayer.

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Versions of the East Syriac Rite are currently used by Churches descended from the erstwhile

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dialect, and other terms reflect particular historical and denominational characteristics.

1129: 1078: 569: 416: 57: 6843: 1807:, a sort of linen cope. The deacon wears the sudhra, with a urara over the left shoulder. 1383:

in about 650. Some, however, consider this liturgy to be a development of the Antiochian.

8: 7750: 7634: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7579: 7497: 7259: 7168: 7086: 7074: 7022: 7017: 6857: 6837: 6796: 6729: 6703: 6558: 6543: 6503: 6084: 5930: 5832: 5625: 5609: 5129: 5039: 4490: 4434: 4382: 4283: 4245: 3869: 3536: 2419: 2411: 2020: 1966: 1930: 1803:(orarion) or stole worn crossed by priests, but not by bishops (as in the West), and the 1470: 1227: 1007: 1003: 999: 914: 833: 582: 536: 476: 110: 2846: 2631:"Mar Aprem Metropolitan Visits Ancient Anuradhapura Cross in Official Trip to Sri Lanka" 2117:, "Book of the Before and After", contains the Ordinary of the Divine Office except the 7649: 7569: 7490: 7463: 7180: 6806: 6614: 6518: 6448: 6162: 5950: 5767: 4625: 4617: 4360: 4061: 4028: 3491: 3089: 2963: 2939: 2925: 2901: 2180: 1977: 1691: 1523: 1411: 1372: 1279: 1238: 1136: 1050: 1026: 903: 130: 85: 7644: 7614: 7441: 7392: 7378: 7229: 7032: 6659: 6423: 6098: 5910: 5146: 4471: 4351: 4118: 4074: 3938: 3127: 3077: 3056: 3038:

India and the Apostle Thomas: An Inquiry, with a Critical Analysis of the Acta Thomae

3018: 2973: 2949: 2911: 2476: 2370: 2366: 1993: 1950: 1698: 1642:

of the Greeks. During it the proper "Antiphon of the Gospel" is sung by the people.

1144: 988: 674: 471: 94: 80: 2240:

Of the above the following have been printed in Syriac: For the Church of the East:

2015:, 'Blessing") is very similar to that of the Byzantine Rite, and to some extent the 7589: 7174: 7027: 6999: 6868: 6548: 6473: 6279: 6092: 5772: 5546: 5508: 5466: 5394: 5356: 5163: 5096: 5059: 5054: 5034: 5029: 4954: 4807: 4797: 4757: 4288: 4106: 4089: 3916: 3901: 3758: 3588: 3474: 3236: 3032: 3008: 2443: 2424: 2374: 2145:, lections, epistles, and gospels, sometimes together, sometimes in separate books. 2033: 1944: 1780: 1474: 1446: 1403: 1255: 1109: 1011: 860: 690: 302: 7527: 5012: 3055:

The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.

2361:" (octavo, Propaganda Press, Rome, 1859), a Syriac translation of the Roman Order. 1335:

The language of all three forms of the East Syriac Rite is the Eastern dialect of

7517: 7342: 7132: 7126: 6989: 6964: 6944: 6771: 6641: 6624: 6619: 6443: 6438: 6115: 6007: 5890: 5747: 5712: 5518: 5513: 5438: 5433: 5374: 5299: 5049: 4979: 4511: 4452: 4002: 3911: 3826: 3783: 3773: 3768: 3726: 3716: 3637: 3501: 3416: 3398: 3373: 3240: 3167: 3071: 3050: 3046: 3004: 2967: 2943: 2929: 2905: 2314:

Breviarium Chaldaicum in usum Nationis Chaldaicae a Josepho Guriel secundo editum

1694: 1336: 1291: 1287: 1263: 1250: 1246: 1054: 1046: 991: 869: 683: 652: 506: 501: 297: 1680:

The Kiss of Peace, preceded by a G'hantha, i.e., a prayer said with bowed head.

1139:(resulting in a schism with the Catholic Church), the Assyrian Church Patriarch 7738: 7397: 7324: 7300: 7188: 6959: 6954: 6717: 6584: 6574: 6528: 6468: 6200: 6178: 5925: 5854: 5702: 5637: 5423: 5413: 5399: 5384: 5064: 4959: 4843: 4822: 4356: 4235: 4210: 4182: 4113: 3928: 3921: 3808: 3778: 3763: 3706: 3696: 3529: 3302: 2870: 2016: 1913:

the Fast of Mart Mariam (Our Lady), from the first to the fourteenth of August.

1434: 1302: 1283: 1121: 736: 546: 319: 307: 240: 2333:

Ordo Chaldaicus Missae Beatorum Apostolorum, juxta ritum Ecclesiae Malabaricae

1888: 1233:

The Syrian and Mesopotamian (Iraqi) Eastern Catholics are now commonly called

7765: 7241: 6848: 6826: 6691: 6377: 6236: 5817: 5777: 5662: 5584: 5569: 5418: 5379: 5185: 5069: 4866: 4535: 4250: 3906: 3843: 3701: 3519: 3345: 3179: 2792: 2194: 1904:

the Fast of Mar Zaya, the three days after the second Sunday of the Nativity;

1586: 1482: 1426: 1082: 718: 401: 386: 366: 329: 314: 290: 159: 7507: 7265: 6533: 6493: 6453: 6211: 5792: 5727: 5657: 5647: 5574: 5474: 5443: 5219: 5168: 4936: 4878: 4775: 4546: 4463: 4419: 4414: 4404: 4215: 4142: 3831: 3803: 3733: 3673: 3627: 3622: 3610: 3329: 3324: 3227: 3081: 2510: 1941: 1742: 1723: 1710: 1663: 1555: 1504: 1494: 1422: 1364: 1270:

or even only "Christians", but they do not repudiate the theological name "

1148: 1038: 1030: 851: 426: 411: 396: 376: 371: 361: 1761: 625: 7512: 7150: 7144: 6781: 6553: 5988: 5844: 5717: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5672: 4974: 4909: 4765: 4690: 4668: 4516: 4278: 4240: 3863: 3856: 3849: 3836: 3821: 3816: 3578: 3546: 3541: 3514: 3351: 3160: 2104: 2025: 1989: 1962: 1947: 1667: 1571: 1563: 1394:—the Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, which had hitherto been governed by a 1275: 1125: 1034: 1022: 670: 541: 406: 285: 1627:(beginning), and that of the Gospel by other proper psalm verses called 7478: 7473: 7271: 6478: 5682: 5677: 5501: 5428: 5044: 4964: 4595: 3711: 3583: 3561: 3556: 3361: 2132: 2062: 2057: 2049: 2001: 1981: 1856: 1799:, a girded alb with three crosses in red or black on the shoulder, the 1738: 1535: 1395: 1376: 1058: 1042: 431: 37: 6053: 2272:, in three volumes, by Mar Narsai Press (Trichur, 1960; reprint 1993). 1417:

However, at the end of the fourteenth century due to the conquests of

7698: 7532: 7412: 7253: 7194: 6433: 5787: 5782: 5752: 5448: 5211: 5195: 5180: 5024: 4914: 4792: 4782: 4650: 4429: 3738: 2472:

The Rites of Christian Initiation: Their Evolution and Interpretation

2458:

The Rites of Christian Initiation: Their Evolution and Interpretation

2359:

Ordo Baptismi adultorum juxta ritum Ecclesiae Malabaricae Chaldaeorum

2045: 2037: 1985: 1784: 1752: 1706: 1647: 1603: 1539: 1418: 1399: 1271: 1258:, which they call "Syrians". It is also used to distinguish from the 1140: 1049:. The Church of the East traces its origins to the 1st century, when 645: 516: 436: 381: 1996:, but they are now rather vague about the definition or numeration. 1186:

based in India, an archbishopric of the Assyrian Church of the East.

1029:—the largest branch of Christianity operating primarily east of the 7483: 7456: 7429: 7417: 7402: 7156: 7103: 6686: 6589: 6428: 6027: 5935: 5762: 4861: 4230: 3957: 3524: 3459: 3442: 3428: 3339: 3178: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 2575: 2294: 2068: 2029:–a mixture made with the dust of a martyr's tomb–by the betrothed. 1671: 1355: 1202: 898: 421: 356: 6740: 3971: 2389: 7745: 7138: 7060: 6940: 6724: 6513: 5732: 4570: 4444: 4387: 3595: 3551: 3479: 3422: 2907:

Studies in Syriac Christianity: History, Literature, and Theology

2405: 2290: 2184: 2118: 1973: 1865: 1731: 1727: 1702: 1639: 1457:

was turned into a small community of around 50,000 people in the

1430: 1332:

Most printed liturgies of those rites are Eastern Rite Catholic.

1018: 909: 466: 1907:

the Fast of the Virgins, after the first Sunday of the Epiphany;

7718: 7522: 7451: 7424: 7407: 6287: 5885: 5190: 5175: 5119: 5086: 3617: 3600: 3509: 3434: 3386: 3148: 3052:

Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.

3007:; Bromiley, Geoffrey William; Lochman, Jan Milic; Mbiti, John; 2309: 2053: 2041: 1758:

Here follow a Prayer for Peace, a second Lavabo and a censing.

1559: 1070: 2266:, by the same (Urmi, 1894); Dawidha, by the same (Urmi, 1891). 1864:

The nucleus of this is, as it is usual, the recitation of the

1282:" or "Easterns" as opposed to "Westerns" by which they denote 7446: 7434: 7330: 6647: 6458: 6291: 5983: 5151: 5115: 3404: 3392: 3003: 2874: 2516: 2305: 1767: 1531: 1066: 511: 2393:

Persian cross at St Thomas Mount, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

5156: 4875: 3410: 2317: 2301: 1980:, which as in other eastern rites answers to Confirmation, 1921: 1892: 1177: 1097: 1062: 2032:

The orders of the Church of the East are those of reader (

1972:

The other Sacraments in use in the Church of the East are

1910:

the Rogation of the Ninevites, seventy days before Easter;

2233:, the "Office of Pardon", or reconciliation of penitents. 1631:(song). The latter includes Alleluia between the verses. 1061:

brought the faith to ancient Mesopotamia (today’s modern

221:

Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovenia

2969:

Fire from Heaven: Studies in Syriac Theology and Liturgy

1485:

all resulted in more Eastern rite Assyrians separating.

204:

Eastern Rite Community in Germany and the Czech Republic

2546: 2373:, and the revision was authorized by the controversial 2151:, explanatory hymns sung before the Epistle and Gospel. 2095:, a priest's book, containing the Eucharistic service ( 1762:

The Fraction, Consignation, Conjunction, and Commixture

1619:(Apostle). Before the Epistle and Gospel, hymns called 1135:

Although Nestorius was condemned in 431 AD through the

2948:. Kottayam: St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute. 2135:

of the Greeks. It includes the collects of the Hūlālē.

241:

P'ent'ay - Ethiopian and Eritrean Evangelical Churches

2813:"Ancient church of the east moves to change calendar" 2633:. Assyrian Church News. 6 August 2013. Archived from 2365:

The Malabar Rite was revised in a Roman direction by

2293:

and Gospels in Syriac with an Arabic translation, in

2157:, containing the variables for Sundays, Lent and the 2993:

Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens

2931:

Syriac Studies: A Classified Bibliography, 1960-1990

2534: 2401: 2173:, containing variables for festivals except Sundays. 1566:. The same pro-anaphoral part serves for all three. 2522: 1305:has adopted the usual Roman Catholic nomenclature: 1174:

Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East

2347:Ordo Chaldaicus ministerii Sacramentorum Sanctorum 1795:The vestments used by the priest at Mass are the 1722:As in all liturgies this begins with a form of a 7763: 1339:, a modern form of which is still spoken by the 1006:. It is one of the two main liturgical rites of 6299: 3123:The Jews of India: A Story of Three Communities 3073:The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India 2576:"Persian Christians in the Anuradhapura Period" 1766:The Host is broken in two, and the sign of the 211:Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile) 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 6756: 6069: 3987: 3213: 2859: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2573: 2237:These last six are excerpts from the Takhsa. 2183:, Abu Khalim ibn alKhaditha, Metropolitan of 2179:, a collectary, so called from its compiler, 1473:. A large group joined the Oriental Orthodox 932: 602: 6780:Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the 3136:– via University Press of New England. 3069: 2552: 1465:in the 1900s, although the main body of the 2083: 6763: 6749: 6699:Malankara–Persian ecclesiastical relations 6076: 6062: 5916:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 3994: 3980: 3220: 3206: 3183: 3094:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3045: 2877:: Ephrem's Publications. pp. 264, 267 2695: 2167:, a selection from the Ḥūḏrā for weekdays. 1933:at a wedding in the Chaldean Syrian Church 1488: 939: 925: 609: 595: 3308:Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts 3102: 3031: 2540: 2469:Johnson, Maxwell E. (26 September 2018). 2258:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 2682:"ASSYRIAN CHURCH FINDS HOME IN THE CITY" 2388: 2197:, used during the Fast of the Ninevites. 1956: 1936: 1925: 1922:Other sacraments and occasional services 1887: 1685: 1498: 1354: 36: 6670:Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq 6083: 2497:"Ancient History in depth: Mesopotamia" 2468: 2335:" (fol., Propaganda Press, Rome, 1774). 1883: 1634:The Deacon's Litany, or Eklene, called 1479:Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Urmia 1325:Syriac Rite : Syriac Orthodox and 1033:—, with pockets of adherents as far as 996:Divine Liturgy of Saints Addai and Mari 14: 7764: 6397:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India 4375: 3689: 3119: 2986: 2790: 2684:. Chicagotribune.com. 8 September 1995 2528: 1375:(or Addai), "one of the Seventy", and 254:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India 6744: 6057: 3975: 3318:Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom 3313:Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great 3201: 2962: 2938: 2924: 2900: 2863:East Syriac Theology: An Introduction 1976:, with which is always associated an 1319:Malabar Rite (southern India) : 207:Evangelical Baptist Church of Georgia 3465:Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament 3194:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3109:Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 2945:A Brief Outline of Syriac Literature 2801:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 2567: 2380:Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch 2221:, the burial service for lay people. 249:Society for Eastern Rite Anglicanism 231:Kosovo Protestant Evangelical Church 6770: 4001: 2340:Ordo Chaldaicus Rituum et Lectionum 2193:, rhythmical prayers attributed to 2131:, which answer more or less to the 2127:(David), the Psalter, divided into 1147:signed a common declaration at the 1025:, and was historically used in the 1017:The East Syriac Rite originated in 682:Particular churches are grouped by 24: 3184:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 1817: 1771:intricate arranging on the paten. 1730:of the usual type ending with the 1301:The catalogue of liturgies in the 1226:is based on the liturgical use of 25: 7808: 6675:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora 6346:Malabar Independent Syrian Church 3142: 2215:, the burial service for priests. 1843:Chaldean Rite hymn attributed to 1713:(1271-1368 AD) of medieval China. 1309:Chaldean Rite : that of the 1154:Common Christological Declaration 200:Believers Eastern Church of India 7744: 7732: 7689:Assyrian Democratic Organisation 6842: 6831: 6820: 6723: 6340:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church 6334:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church 6038: 6037: 6026: 5994:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 5542:Criticism of the Catholic Church 3956: 3173: 3147: 3017:. Vol. 5. Wm. B. Eerdmans. 3014:The Encyclodedia of Christianity 2795:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 2784: 2404: 2327:For the Syro-Malabar Catholics: 2320:, Propaganda Press, Rome, 1865). 1855:Problems playing this file? See 1833: 1810: 1645: 1359:Lineages of the East Syriac Rite 1120:of India, which are both now in 1100:(including its archdiocese, the 908: 897: 664: 659: 624: 64: 4161:First seven ecumenical councils 2853: 2839: 2830: 2805: 2674: 2649: 2623: 2593: 1829:Martyrs Prayer - Tuesday Matins 1717: 1690:Chinese stone inscription of a 1262:, some of whom call themselves 1184:Chaldean Syrian Church of India 1045:, and a strong presence in the 7792:History of Eastern Catholicism 7355:Genocide of Christians by ISIL 7218:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia 6665:Assyrian independence movement 6315:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 4736:Separation of church and state 3103:Seleznyov, Nikolai N. (2010). 2999:. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. 2885:– via Malankara Library. 2558: 2489: 2462: 2451: 2437: 1638:(proclamation), resembles the 1410:", and up until the 1400s the 13: 1: 7099:Ancient Mesopotamian religion 2934:. Kaslik: Parole de l'Orient. 2564:Frykenberg, pp. 102–107; 115. 2430: 2244:The Takhsa, in two parts, by 1953:crowning a baby after baptism 216:Evangelical Church of Romania 7709:Syriac Union Party (Lebanon) 7684:Assyrian Democratic Movement 3572:Divine Worship: Daily Office 2659:. Vatican.va. Archived from 2349:", etc., (fol., Rome, 1775). 2342:", etc., (fol., Rome, 1775). 2276:For the Chaldean Catholics: 1774: 1657: 1544:Mar Theodore the Interpreter 1429:of India, and the Island of 1402:. Therefore, as part of the 1321:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 1216:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 7: 7694:Assyrian Universal Alliance 6920:Assyrian Church of the East 6895:Assyrian Pentecostal Church 6889:Assyrian Evangelical Church 6812:Terms for Syriac Christians 6682:Terms for Syriac Christians 6499:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa 6358:Assyrian Church of the East 6256:Assyrian Pentecostal Church 6250:Assyrian Evangelical Church 6220:Assyrian Church of the East 2397: 1455:Assyrian Church of the East 1341:Assyrian Church of the East 1315:Assyrian Church of the East 1260:Assyrian Church of the East 1094:Assyrian Church of the East 226:Evangelical Orthodox Church 195:Assyrian Pentecostal Church 190:Assyrian Evangelical Church 185:Armenian Evangelical Church 10: 7813: 7704:Syriac Union Party (Syria) 6926:Ancient Church of the East 6226:Ancient Church of the East 6033:Catholic Church portal 3963:Catholic Church portal 3606:Divine Worship: The Missal 3120:Slapak, Orpa, ed. (1995). 2893: 2574:Mihindukulasuriya, Prabo. 2227:, the ordination services. 2187:, and patriarch (1175–99). 1492: 1350: 1345:Ancient Church of the East 1192:Ancient Church of the East 1106:Ancient Church of the East 258:St. Valentine's Fellowship 245:Russian Evangelical Church 29: 7777:Catholic liturgical rites 7727: 7674: 7545: 7377: 7368: 7281: 7210: 7117: 7058: 7041: 6998: 6939: 6904: 6867: 6856: 6818: 6789: 6778: 6712: 6634: 6567: 6416: 6376: 6355: 6324: 6284:(active 1st century–1601) 6269: 6235: 6210: 6187: 6154: 6131: 6106: 6091: 6021: 5959:Aid to the Church in Need 5949: 5806: 5619: 5580:Vatican Television Center 5555: 5465: 5355: 5225:Eastern Catholic Churches 5206: 5095: 4988: 4935: 4860: 4831: 4756: 4681: 4616: 4561: 4480: 4350: 4264: 4196: 4141: 4060: 4037: 4009: 3953: 3882: 3796: 3749: 3672: 3661: 3636: 3500: 3453:Other liturgical services 3452: 3372: 3295: 3247: 2485:– via Google Books. 2159:Rogation of the Ninevites 2121:, arranged for two weeks. 1662:This is a variant of the 1212:based in Bagdad, Iraq and 1201:, in full communion with 1199:Eastern Catholic Churches 1047:Sasanian (Persian) Empire 889:Eastern Catholic Churches 565:Index of related articles 552:Eastern Christian history 262:Ukrainian Lutheran Church 32:Liturgy of Addai and Mari 7224:Muslim conquest of Syria 6914:Chaldean Catholic Church 6539:Dionysius of Vattasseril 6403:Believers Eastern Church 6197:Chaldean Catholic Church 5901:Communion and Liberation 5365:Eastern Catholic liturgy 4530:Mystici Corporis Christi 4458:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 3401:(first hour of daylight) 3076:. Vol. 2. Trichur. 2246:Archbishop of Canterbury 2203:, the office of baptism. 2115:Kṯāḇdā da-qḏam waḏ-wāṯar 2084:Manuscripts and editions 1845:Maruthas of Martyropolis 1451:Chaldean Catholic Church 1388:First Council of Ephesus 1311:Chaldean Catholic Church 1210:Chaldean Catholic Church 1160: 1114:Chaldean Catholic Church 1073:, and regions along the 1051:Saint Thomas the Apostle 1014:(Syro-Antiochene Rite). 893:Eastern Catholic liturgy 337:Eastern Catholic liturgy 274:Eastern liturgical rites 27:Christian religious rite 7751:Christianity portal 7714:Syriac Military Council 7313:Massacres of Diyarbekir 7248:Principality of Antioch 7201:Byzantine–Sasanian wars 7008:Assyrian folk/pop music 6730:Christianity portal 6484:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth 6391:Mar Thoma Syrian Church 6271:Saint Thomas Christians 4716:Philosophy of canon law 4646:Mariology of the saints 4226:Investiture Controversy 3651:Liturgical use of Latin 2910:. Aldershot: Variorum. 2605:Stgregorioschurchdc.org 2445:Encyclopædia Britannica 2287:Liturgy of the Apostles 2209:, the marriage service. 1513:Saint Thomas Christians 1489:The Eucharistic service 915:Christianity portal 236:Mar Thoma Syrian Church 7469:Al-Hasakah Governorate 7307:Massacres of Badr Khan 7081:Middle Assyrian Empire 6883:Syriac Catholic Church 6877:Syriac Orthodox Church 6524:Ignatius Andrew Akijan 6509:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel 6367:Chaldean Syrian Church 6141:Syriac Orthodox Church 6122:Syriac Catholic Church 5969:Catholic Charities USA 5603:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 5591:Vatican Polyglot Press 4641:Mariology of the popes 4279:Protestant Reformation 3431:(Anglican Use Vespers) 3033:Medlycott, Adolphus E. 2972:. Aldershot: Ashgate. 2791:Jenner, Henry (1913). 2394: 2161:, and other holy days. 2109:Rite of Constantinople 2011:The marriage service ( 1969: 1954: 1934: 1896: 1895:in East Syriac Aramaic 1822: 1714: 1705:(then called Dadu, or 1615:(Lections), the third 1519: 1463:Chaldean Syrian Church 1369:St. Thomas the Apostle 1360: 1327:Syriac Catholic Church 1102:Chaldean Syrian Church 904:Catholicism portal 843:Latin liturgical rites 154:Independent communions 42: 7797:Christian terminology 7337:Independence movement 7093:Post-imperial Assyria 7069:Early Assyrian period 5723:Good Shepherd Sisters 5565:Holy See Press Office 4803:Doctors of the Church 4636:Immaculate Conception 4591:Anointing of the Sick 4126:History of the papacy 3502:Liturgical literature 3437:(West Syriac Vespers) 3296:Eucharistic liturgies 3277:Anointing of the Sick 3191:Catholic Encyclopedia 3156:at Wikimedia Commons 3041:. London: David Nutt. 2988:Chabot, Jean-Baptiste 2798:Catholic Encyclopedia 2517:Fahlbusch et al. 2008 2392: 1960: 1940: 1929: 1891: 1821: 1689: 1505:Syro-Malabar Catholic 1502: 1408:Patriarch of the East 1398:, refused to condemn 1358: 1087:Cosmas Indicopleustes 442:Eastern Protestantism 178:Eastern Protestantism 75:Mainstream communions 40: 7013:Music of Mesopotamia 6960:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 6955:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 6655:Assyrian nationalism 6600:Koy Sanjaq Christian 6585:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 6575:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 6489:Dionysius bar Salibi 6464:Philoxenus of Mabbug 6317:(West Syriac) (1932) 6311:(East Syriac) (1665) 5596:L'Osservatore Romano 5534:Role in civilisation 5260:Croatian and Serbian 5008:Episcopal conference 4970:St. Peter's Basilica 4328:Sexual abuse scandal 4284:Catholic Reformation 3646:Ecclesiastical Latin 3567:Liturgy of the Hours 3487:Liturgy of the Hours 3357:Pontifical High Mass 2475:. Liturgical Press. 2077:consecration crosses 1884:Liturgical calendars 1751:The G'hantha of the 1697:from a monastery of 1552:St. John the Baptist 1130:words of Institution 1108:, as well as in two 761:Croatian and Serbian 570:Western Christianity 58:Eastern Christianity 41:Eastern Syriac Cross 7787:Syriac Christianity 7772:Eastern Catholicism 7319:Rise of nationalism 7260:Jalayirid Sultanate 7087:Neo-Assyrian Empire 7075:Old Assyrian period 7018:Syriac sacral music 6838:Aramean-Syriac flag 6797:Assyrian continuity 6704:Syriac sacral music 6559:Baselios Paulose II 6544:Geevarghese Ivanios 6504:Abraham of Angamaly 6309:Syro-Malabar Church 6085:Syriac Christianity 5931:Neocatechumenal Way 5896:Charismatic Renewal 5610:Annuario Pontificio 5208:Particular churches 4884:Ecumenical councils 4656:Perpetual virginity 4491:Communitas perfecta 4435:Sermon on the Mount 3870:Pre-Tridentine Mass 3638:Liturgical language 2964:Brock, Sebastian P. 2940:Brock, Sebastian P. 2926:Brock, Sebastian P. 2902:Brock, Sebastian P. 2637:on 26 February 2015 2447:: "Antiochene Rite" 2420:Syriac Christianity 2412:Christianity portal 2384:West Syriac Liturgy 2382:) in favour of the 2264:Dhaqdham wadhwathar 2107:of the Greeks (see 2021:Mystery of Crowning 1967:Syro Malabar Church 1961:Rite of Renewal of 1931:Mystery of Crowning 1589:(variable), called 1471:Syro-Malabar Church 1390:(431) -- the third 1118:Syro-Malabar Church 1008:Syriac Christianity 1004:liturgical language 643:Particular churches 583:Christianity portal 537:Christian mysticism 350:Major controversies 126:Eastern Catholicism 7782:Church of the East 7739:History portal 7181:Church of the East 6970:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 6807:Chaldean Catholics 6580:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic 6519:Abraham Koorilos I 6449:Severus of Antioch 6382:Eastern Protestant 6241:Eastern Protestant 6169:"Nestorian Church" 6163:Church of the East 5768:Premonstratensians 4151:Ante-Nicene period 4029:Lists of Catholics 3722:Extraordinary Form 3166:2021-10-24 at the 3126:. Muzeon Yisrael. 2793:"East Syrian Rite" 2611:on 21 January 2020 2395: 2312:, Mosul, 1866). *" 2282:Missale Chaldaicum 2143:Šlīḥā w-Īwangālīyo 1970: 1955: 1935: 1897: 1823: 1715: 1692:Church of the East 1550:and the feasts of 1520: 1467:Malabar Christians 1412:Church of the East 1392:Ecumenical Council 1373:Thaddeus of Edessa 1361: 1280:Church of the East 1167:Church of the East 1137:Council of Ephesus 1104:of India) and the 1053:and his disciples 1027:Church of the East 985:Syro-Oriental Rite 131:Church of the East 86:Oriental Orthodoxy 43: 7759: 7758: 7670: 7669: 7386: 7364: 7363: 7331:Assyrian genocide 7230:Abbasid Caliphate 7052: 6935: 6934: 6802:Assyrian diaspora 6738: 6737: 6660:Assyrian homeland 6648:Assyrian genocide 6424:Ephrem the Syrian 6412: 6411: 6326:Oriental Orthodox 6265: 6264: 6150: 6149: 6133:Oriental Orthodox 6099:Church of Antioch 6051: 6050: 5461: 5460: 4854: 4677: 4676: 4369: 4346: 4345: 4338:COVID-19 pandemic 4308:French Revolution 4298:Thirty Years' War 4206:Islamic conquests 4119:Apostolic fathers 4054: 3969: 3968: 3949: 3948: 3878: 3877: 3792: 3791: 3425:(sunset/evening) 3152:Media related to 3133:978-965-278-179-6 3024:978-0-8028-2417-2 3009:Pelikan, Jaroslav 2955:978-1-61143-563-4 2553:Puthiakunnel 1973 2371:Archbishop of Goa 2367:Aleixo de Menezes 2285:, containing the 2225:Takhsa d'siamidha 2191:Bā'ūtha d-Nīnwāyē 1994:Sign of the Cross 1951:George Alencherry 1838: 1699:Fangshan District 1528:the Holy Apostles 1459:Hakkari Mountains 1145:Pope John Paul II 1010:, along with the 998:and utilizes the 994:that employs the 989:Eastern Christian 959:(also called the 949: 948: 675:Patriarchal cross 619: 618: 165:Spiritual Russian 122: 95:Orthodox Tewahedo 81:Eastern Orthodoxy 16:(Redirected from 7804: 7749: 7748: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7382: 7375: 7374: 7349:Post-Saddam Iraq 7175:Nestorian schism 7169:Christianization 7141:(132 BCE–244 CE) 7135:(247 BCE–224 CE) 7095:(609 BCE–240 CE) 7056: 7055: 7046: 6906:East Syriac Rite 6869:West Syriac Rite 6865: 6864: 6846: 6835: 6824: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6742: 6741: 6728: 6727: 6615:Syriac Malayalam 6549:Coorilos Paulose 6474:Isaac the Syrian 6301:Eastern Catholic 6297: 6296: 6280:Malankara Church 6189:Eastern Catholic 6185: 6184: 6108:Eastern Catholic 6104: 6103: 6078: 6071: 6064: 6055: 6054: 6041: 6040: 6031: 6030: 5773:Redemptoristines 5621:Religious orders 5547:Anti-Catholicism 5497:Church buildings 5357:Catholic liturgy 5097:Consecrated life 4955:Apostolic Palace 4922:Synod of Bishops 4858: 4857: 4834: 4440:Ten Commandments 4373: 4372: 4355: 4256:Age of Discovery 4090:Great Commission 4058: 4057: 4042: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3973: 3972: 3961: 3960: 3934:East Syriac Rite 3902:Alexandrian Rite 3891:Eastern Catholic 3884:Eastern Catholic 3759:Benedictine Rite 3747: 3746: 3687: 3686: 3681:liturgical rites 3670: 3669: 3589:Roman Pontifical 3445:(end of the day) 3379:Liturgical hours 3222: 3215: 3208: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3186:East Syrian Rite 3177: 3176: 3154:East Syriac Rite 3151: 3137: 3116: 3099: 3093: 3085: 3066: 3047:Meyendorff, John 3042: 3028: 3005:Fahlbusch, Erwin 3000: 2998: 2983: 2959: 2935: 2921: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2868: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2824: 2819:on July 14, 2012 2815:. Archived from 2809: 2803: 2802: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2689: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2607:. Archived from 2597: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2504: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2466: 2460: 2455: 2449: 2441: 2425:West Syriac Rite 2414: 2409: 2408: 2375:Synod of Diamper 2299:Propaganda Press 2250:Assyrian Mission 1945:Major Archbishop 1840: 1839: 1820: 1709:), dated to the 1522:There are three 1475:West Syriac rite 1469:remained as the 1447:Synod of Diamper 1404:Nestorian Schism 1256:West Syriac Rite 1239:Assyro-Chaldeans 1224:East Syriac Rite 1116:of Iraq and the 1110:Eastern Catholic 1012:West Syriac Rite 957:East Syrian Rite 953:East Syriac Rite 941: 934: 927: 913: 912: 902: 901: 861:West Syriac Rite 820:East Syriac Rite 691:Alexandrian Rite 668: 663: 628: 621: 620: 611: 604: 597: 497:Antiochian Greek 143: 88: 68: 45: 44: 21: 7812: 7811: 7807: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7801: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7755: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7723: 7666: 7541: 7518:Mardin Province 7381: 7360: 7343:Simele massacre 7277: 7206: 7171:(1st to 3rd c.) 7153:(64 BCE–637 CE) 7147:(66 BCE–217 CE) 7133:Parthian Empire 7127:Seleucid Empire 7119: 7113: 7109:Assyrian tribes 7077:(2025–1364 BCE) 7071:(2600–2025 BCE) 7050: 7048: 7045: 7037: 6994: 6947: 6931: 6900: 6859: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6825: 6816: 6785: 6774: 6772:Assyrian people 6769: 6739: 6734: 6722: 6716:* Defunct with 6708: 6642:Assyrian people 6630: 6563: 6444:Jacob of Serugh 6439:Jacob Baradaeus 6408: 6372: 6351: 6320: 6285: 6283: 6276: 6274: 6261: 6231: 6206: 6172: 6166: 6159: 6146: 6127: 6116:Maronite Church 6096: 6087: 6082: 6052: 6047: 6025: 6017: 5996: 5979:Relief Services 5945: 5891:Catholic Action 5881:Military orders 5818:Confraternities 5810:of the faithful 5809: 5802: 5624: 5615: 5551: 5457: 5351: 5210: 5202: 5135:Prior, Prioress 5091: 4984: 4980:Vatican Museums 4931: 4864: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4833: 4827: 4752: 4706:Social teaching 4673: 4612: 4557: 4512:One true church 4476: 4453:Sixtine Vulgate 4449:Official Bible 4363: 4359: 4354: 4342: 4260: 4192: 4137: 4107:Petrine primacy 4050: 4046: 4041: 4033: 4005: 4003:Catholic Church 4000: 3970: 3965: 3955: 3945: 3912:Antiochene Rite 3892: 3888: 3885: 3874: 3864:Missa Venatoria 3788: 3784:Norbertine Rite 3774:Cistercian Rite 3769:Carthusian Rite 3745: 3727:Tridentine Mass 3717:Mass of Paul VI 3680: 3676: 3664: 3657: 3632: 3496: 3448: 3395:(early morning) 3377: 3374:Canonical hours 3368: 3291: 3243: 3241:Catholic Church 3226: 3174: 3168:Wayback Machine 3145: 3140: 3134: 3115:(3–4): 165–190. 3087: 3086: 3063: 3025: 2996: 2980: 2956: 2918: 2896: 2891: 2890: 2880: 2878: 2866: 2858: 2854: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2785: 2783: 2696: 2687: 2685: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2666: 2664: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2551: 2547: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2515: 2511: 2502: 2500: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2483: 2467: 2463: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2410: 2403: 2400: 2256:, 1890–92) The 2231:Takhsa d'husaya 2201:Takhsa d'amadha 2125:Mazmorē d-Dāwīḏ 2086: 2048:), archdeacon ( 1924: 1886: 1862: 1861: 1853: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1841: 1834: 1831: 1824: 1818: 1813: 1777: 1764: 1720: 1695:Christian Cross 1660: 1651: 1640:"Great Synapte" 1497: 1491: 1365:legend of Abgar 1353: 1292:Latin Catholics 1288:Syriac Orthodox 1218:based in India. 1163: 1069:, southeastern 1002:dialect as its 992:liturgical rite 981:Babylonian Rite 945: 907: 906: 896: 895: 891: 684:liturgical rite 677: 653:Catholic Church 650: 615: 575: 574: 561: 531: 523: 522: 521: 491: 483: 482: 481: 456: 448: 447: 446: 351: 343: 342: 341: 275: 267: 266: 180: 170: 169: 155: 147: 146: 133: 76: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7810: 7800: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7753: 7741: 7728: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7680: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7658: 7657: 7647: 7645:United Kingdom 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7551: 7549: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7495: 7494: 7493: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7461: 7460: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7439: 7438: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7421: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7398:Nineveh Plains 7389: 7387: 7372: 7366: 7365: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7358: 7352: 7346: 7340: 7334: 7328: 7325:Adana massacre 7322: 7316: 7310: 7304: 7301:Schism of 1552 7298: 7295:Ottoman Empire 7292: 7289:Safavid Empire 7285: 7283: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7236:Emirs of Mosul 7233: 7227: 7221: 7214: 7212: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7204: 7198: 7192: 7178: 7172: 7166: 7160: 7154: 7148: 7142: 7136: 7130: 7123: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7090: 7084: 7083:(1363–912 BCE) 7078: 7072: 7065: 7063: 7053: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7004: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6951: 6949: 6937: 6936: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6910: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6898: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6873: 6871: 6862: 6854: 6853: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6793: 6791: 6787: 6786: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6768: 6767: 6760: 6753: 6745: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6720: 6718:schism of 1552 6713: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6695: 6694: 6689: 6679: 6678: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6657: 6652: 6651: 6650: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6529:Cyril VI Tanas 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6469:Thomas of Cana 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6400: 6394: 6387: 6385: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6370: 6363: 6361: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6330: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6312: 6305: 6303: 6294: 6267: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6253: 6246: 6244: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6229: 6223: 6216: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6204: 6193: 6191: 6182: 6152: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6144: 6137: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6119: 6112: 6110: 6101: 6089: 6088: 6081: 6080: 6073: 6066: 6058: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6045: 6035: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5997: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5955: 5953: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5926:Legion of Mary 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5855:Lay Carmelites 5852: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5814: 5812: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5703:Conceptionists 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5638:Assumptionists 5634: 5632: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5606: 5599: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5567: 5561: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5505: 5504: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5483: 5482: 5471: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5361: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5347: 5342: 5340:Syro-Malankara 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5290:Italo-Albanian 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5222: 5216: 5214: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5178: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5154: 5144: 5139: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5108: 5101: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5017: 5016: 5015: 5010: 4999: 4997: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4960:Lateran Treaty 4957: 4952: 4947: 4941: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4886: 4881: 4872: 4870: 4855: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4773: 4762: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4733: 4732: 4731: 4721: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4696:Moral theology 4693: 4687: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4671: 4666: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4599: 4598: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4567: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4526: 4521: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4486: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4460: 4455: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4379: 4377: 4370: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4281: 4270: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4211:Pope Gregory I 4208: 4202: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4183:Biblical canon 4180: 4178:Late antiquity 4175: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4158: 4153: 4147: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4123: 4122: 4121: 4114:Church fathers 4111: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4094: 4093: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4066: 4064: 4055: 4048:Ecclesiastical 4035: 4034: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4010: 4007: 4006: 3999: 3998: 3991: 3984: 3976: 3967: 3966: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3942: 3941: 3931: 3929:Byzantine Rite 3926: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3909: 3904: 3898: 3896: 3880: 3879: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3872: 3867: 3860: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3840: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3811: 3809:Aquileian Rite 3806: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3786: 3781: 3779:Dominican Rite 3776: 3771: 3766: 3764:Carmelite Rite 3761: 3755: 3753: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3719: 3709: 3707:Mozarabic Rite 3704: 3699: 3697:Ambrosian Rite 3693: 3691: 3684: 3667: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3653: 3642: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3608: 3598: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3581: 3576: 3575: 3574: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3533: 3532: 3530:Roman Breviary 3522: 3517: 3512: 3506: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3483: 3482: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3456: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3432: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3383: 3381: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3342: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3303:Divine Liturgy 3299: 3297: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3225: 3224: 3217: 3210: 3202: 3171: 3170: 3144: 3143:External links 3141: 3139: 3138: 3132: 3117: 3100: 3067: 3061: 3043: 3029: 3023: 3001: 2984: 2978: 2960: 2954: 2936: 2922: 2916: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2852: 2838: 2829: 2804: 2694: 2673: 2648: 2622: 2592: 2566: 2557: 2545: 2541:Medlycott 1905 2533: 2521: 2519:, p. 285. 2509: 2488: 2481: 2461: 2450: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2399: 2396: 2363: 2362: 2351: 2350: 2343: 2336: 2325: 2324: 2321: 2289:in Syriac and 2274: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2235: 2234: 2228: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2188: 2174: 2168: 2162: 2152: 2146: 2136: 2122: 2112: 2085: 2082: 2052:) and bishop ( 2044:), presbyter ( 2036:), subdeacon ( 1923: 1920: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1885: 1882: 1852: 1842: 1832: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1776: 1773: 1763: 1760: 1719: 1716: 1659: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1608: 1607: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1493:Main article: 1490: 1487: 1435:Schism in 1552 1352: 1349: 1330: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1303:British Museum 1284:Greek Orthodox 1220: 1219: 1213: 1196: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1162: 1159: 1122:full communion 1112:churches, the 1075:Turkish–Syrian 977:Nestorian Rite 947: 946: 944: 943: 936: 929: 921: 918: 917: 885: 884: 883: 882: 880:Syro-Malankara 877: 872: 864: 863: 857: 856: 855: 854: 846: 845: 839: 838: 837: 836: 831: 823: 822: 816: 815: 814: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 776:Italo-Albanian 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 740: 739: 737:Byzantine Rite 733: 732: 731: 730: 722: 721: 715: 714: 713: 712: 707: 702: 694: 693: 687: 686: 679: 678: 673:and Byzantine 669: 656: 655: 639: 638: 630: 629: 617: 616: 614: 613: 606: 599: 591: 588: 587: 586: 585: 577: 576: 573: 572: 567: 560: 559: 554: 549: 547:Divine Liturgy 544: 539: 533: 532: 529: 528: 525: 524: 520: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 493: 492: 489: 488: 485: 484: 480: 479: 474: 469: 464: 458: 457: 454: 453: 450: 449: 445: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 392:Three Chapters 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 353: 352: 349: 348: 345: 344: 340: 339: 334: 333: 332: 322: 317: 312: 311: 310: 305: 295: 294: 293: 288: 277: 276: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 259: 256: 251: 246: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 205: 202: 197: 192: 187: 181: 176: 175: 172: 171: 168: 167: 162: 156: 153: 152: 149: 148: 145: 144: 128: 123: 83: 77: 74: 73: 70: 69: 61: 60: 54: 53: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7809: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7740: 7730: 7729: 7726: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7673: 7663: 7660: 7656: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7650:United States 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7544: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7500: 7499: 7496: 7492: 7489: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7467: 7466: 7465: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7444: 7443: 7440: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7380: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7367: 7356: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7344: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7329: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7273: 7270: 7267: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7255: 7252: 7249: 7246: 7243: 7242:Buyid amirate 7240: 7237: 7234: 7231: 7228: 7225: 7222: 7219: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7176: 7173: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7163:Roman Assyria 7161: 7158: 7155: 7152: 7149: 7146: 7143: 7140: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7116: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7094: 7091: 7089:(911–609 BCE) 7088: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7057: 7054: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7005: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6990:Syriac script 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6927: 6924: 6921: 6918: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6884: 6881: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6855: 6850: 6849:Chaldean flag 6845: 6839: 6834: 6828: 6827:Assyrian flag 6823: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6783: 6777: 6773: 6766: 6761: 6759: 6754: 6752: 6747: 6746: 6743: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6714: 6711: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6692:Phoenicianism 6690: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6683: 6680: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6419: 6415: 6404: 6401: 6398: 6395: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6368: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6354: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6282: 6281: 6272: 6268: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6202: 6198: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6186: 6183: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6165: 6164: 6157: 6153: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6079: 6074: 6072: 6067: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6056: 6044: 6036: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6023: 6020: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5974:Home Missions 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5868: 5867:Saint Francis 5865: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5850:Saint Dominic 5848: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5663:Bethlehemites 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5600: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5590: 5586: 5585:Vatican Radio 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5570:Vatican Media 5568: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5464: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5407: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5366: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5354: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5162: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4867:List of popes 4863: 4859: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4830: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4680: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4651:Mother of God 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4560: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4536:People of God 4534: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4525: 4524:Infallibility 4522: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4470: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4400:Body and soul 4398: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4349: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4303:Enlightenment 4301: 4299: 4296: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4275: 4274:Protestantism 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4251:Scholasticism 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4236:Schism (1378) 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4221:Schism (1054) 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4124: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4040: 4036: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3985: 3983: 3978: 3977: 3974: 3964: 3959: 3952: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3914: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3907:Armenian Rite 3905: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3887: 3881: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3865: 3861: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3850:Missa Nautica 3847: 3845: 3844:Gallican Rite 3842: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3702:Rite of Braga 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3660: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3520:Book of hours 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3444: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3347: 3346:Missa Cantata 3343: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3223: 3218: 3216: 3211: 3209: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3187: 3181: 3180:public domain 3169: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3150: 3135: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3062:9780881410563 3058: 3054: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2979:9780754659082 2975: 2971: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2917:9780860783053 2913: 2909: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2876: 2872: 2865: 2864: 2856: 2848: 2842: 2833: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2800: 2799: 2794: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 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BBC History 2498: 2492: 2484: 2482:9780814662151 2478: 2474: 2473: 2465: 2459: 2454: 2448: 2446: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2407: 2402: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2360: 2356: 2355: 2354: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2195:Saint Ephraem 2192: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2081: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2064: 2059: 2058:chorepiscopus 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2005: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1939: 1932: 1928: 1919: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1894: 1890: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1867: 1860: 1858: 1846: 1830: 1811:Divine Office 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1781:Lord's Prayer 1772: 1769: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1655: 1649: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1587:Introit Psalm 1584: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1556:Greek Doctors 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540:Mar Nestorius 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1509:Syrian Church 1506: 1501: 1496: 1486: 1484: 1483:Old Catholics 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1427:Malabar Coast 1424: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1357: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1193: 1190: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1168: 1158: 1156: 1155: 1151:in 1994; 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The term 1232: 1223: 1221: 1197: 1166: 1164: 1152: 1134: 1091: 1031:Roman Empire 1016: 984: 980: 976: 972: 969:Persian Rite 968: 964: 961:Edessan Rite 960: 956: 952: 950: 834:Syro-Malabar 819: 646: 530:Other topics 427:Paulicianism 412:Dyothelitism 397:Monoenergism 377:Dyophysitism 372:Miaphysitism 362:Nestorianism 324: 7625:New Zealand 7620:Netherlands 7384:Settlements 7297:(1555–1917) 7274:(1453–1501) 7268:(1375–1468) 7262:(1335–1432) 7256:(1258–1335) 7250:(1098–1268) 7211:Middle ages 7151:Roman Syria 7145:Syrian Wars 6782:Middle East 6554:Thoma Darmo 6417:Key figures 6356:Nestorian ( 6158:, legacy of 6156:East Syriac 6093:West Syriac 6003:Health care 5989:Pax Christi 5941:Schoenstatt 5906:Sant'Egidio 5738:Legionaries 5718:Franciscans 5693:Cistercians 5688:Carthusians 5643:Annonciades 5502:Altarpieces 5395:West Syriac 5390:East Syriac 5370:Alexandrian 4994:Holy orders 4975:Swiss Guard 4915:Dicasteries 4910:Roman Curia 4808:Evangelists 4766:Holy Family 4701:Personalism 4691:Natural 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6479:John Maron 6378:Protestant 6237:Protestant 5758:Oratorians 5713:Dominicans 5683:Carmelites 5678:Camillians 5626:institutes 5439:Tridentine 5375:Antiochian 5295:Macedonian 5240:Belarusian 5130:Provincial 5045:Archbishop 4965:Roman Rota 4927:Properties 4852:By country 4848:Precedence 4813:Confessors 4793:Archangels 4783:Patriarchs 4683:Philosophy 4661:Veneration 4626:Assumption 4596:Last rites 4563:Sacraments 4507:Four marks 4318:Vatican II 4266:Modern era 4102:Succession 3712:Roman Rite 3663:Liturgical 3584:Pontifical 3562:Lectionary 3557:Horologion 3492:Procession 3362:Papal Mass 3249:Sacraments 3229:Sacraments 2823:2013-07-21 2688:2019-10-01 2667:2010-07-26 2503:2017-07-21 2431:References 2177:Abukhalima 2133:kathismata 2063:archiereus 2042:Mshamshana 1982:Holy Order 1857:media help 1439:Mar Shimun 1396:catholicos 1386:After the 1377:Saint Mari 1065:, eastern 1059:Saint Mari 1043:Inner Asia 781:Macedonian 751:Belarusian 455:Traditions 432:Bogomilism 417:Iconoclasm 298:Antiochene 7699:Dawronoye 7630:Palestine 7560:Australia 7533:Tur Abdin 7413:Tel Keppe 7333:(1914–20) 7321:(19th c.) 7303:(16th c.) 7291:(1508–55) 7254:Ilkhanate 7203:(502–628) 7197:(226–651) 7195:Asoristan 7165:(116–118) 7120:antiquity 7118:Classical 7051:contexts) 6948:languages 6568:Languages 6434:Nestorius 6275:legacy of 6212:Nestorian 5999:See also: 5951:Charities 5860:Discalced 5788:Trappists 5783:Theatines 5753:Olivetans 5698:Clarisses 5668:Blue nuns 5653:Basilians 5630:societies 5538:See also: 5424:Mozarabic 5414:Ambrosian 5400:Malankara 5385:Byzantine 5345:Ukrainian 5320:Ruthenian 5285:Hungarian 5270:Ethiopian 5245:Bulgarian 5212:sui iuris 5196:Postulant 5105:Religious 5060:Auxiliary 5055:Coadjutor 5025:Patriarch 4893:Cardinals 4840:Canon law 4836:Hierarchy 4818:Disciples 4741:Relations 4729:Evolution 4720:See also: 4665:See also: 4618:Mariology 4608:Matrimony 4581:Eucharist 4502:Ecumenism 4430:Salvation 4366:Catechism 4361:Tradition 4323:Communism 4171:Chalcedon 3922:Malankara 3832:Sarum Use 3739:Zaire Use 3537:Customary 3287:Matrimony 3267:Eucharist 3237:liturgies 3090:cite book 2881:5 October 2181:Elias III 1986:Matrimony 1978:anointing 1785:Communion 1775:Communion 1753:Epiklesis 1739:the Roman 1707:Khanbaliq 1658:The Creed 1648:Offertory 1636:Karazutha 1604:Trisagion 1524:Anaphorae 1453:and the 1419:Tamerlane 1400:Nestorius 1272:Nestorian 1264:Assyrians 1235:Chaldeans 1176:based in 1124:with the 1079:Iran–Iraq 987:), is an 811:Ukrainian 801:Ruthenian 771:Hungarian 756:Bulgarian 705:Ethiopian 647:sui iuris 517:Maronites 437:Hesychasm 382:Henotikon 320:Byzantine 308:Malankara 99:Ethiopian 7676:Politics 7547:Diaspora 7528:Mazıdağı 7484:Qamishli 7457:Sanandaj 7430:Shaqlawa 7418:Bartella 7403:Qaraqosh 7379:Homeland 7177:(5th c.) 7159:(15–116) 7157:Adiabene 7104:Arameans 7059:Ancient 7033:Clothing 6975:Hertevin 6790:Identity 6687:Arameans 6644:/Syriac 6635:See also 6595:Hertevin 6590:Garshuni 6429:Aphrahat 6043:Category 5936:Opus Dei 5921:Scouting 5911:Focolare 5778:Servites 5763:Piarists 5708:Crosiers 5444:Anglican 5380:Armenian 5310:Romanian 5300:Maronite 5275:Georgian 5265:Eritrean 5250:Chaldean 5235:Armenian 5230:Albanian 5111:Superior 5070:Emeritus 5050:Diocesan 4903:Advisers 4862:Holy See 4788:Prophets 4746:Politics 4517:Catholic 4497:Councils 4352:Theology 4231:Crusades 4166:Nicaea I 4097:Apostles 4075:Ministry 4044:Timeline 4024:Glossary 3886:Churches 3837:York Use 3813:British 3525:Breviary 3470:Exorcism 3460:Asperges 3443:Compline 3429:Evensong 3340:Low Mass 3164:Archived 3049:(1989). 3035:(1905). 3011:(2008). 2990:(1902). 2966:(2006). 2942:(1997). 2928:(1996). 2904:(1992). 2398:See also 2295:Garshuni 2291:Epistles 2213:Kathnita 2069:pontifex 2054:Apisqupa 2046:Qashisha 1992:and the 1672:Filioque 1591:Marmitha 1548:Epiphany 1530:(Saints 1443:Mar Elia 1437:between 1313:and the 1278:as the " 1243:Chaldean 870:Maronite 829:Chaldean 791:Romanian 746:Albanian 728:Armenian 710:Eritrean 635:a series 633:Part of 507:Assyrian 422:Filioque 357:Arianism 315:Armenian 136:Assyrian 107:Armenian 103:Eritrean 50:a series 48:Part of 7662:Uruguay 7655:Detroit 7610:Lebanon 7590:Germany 7585:Georgia 7575:Finland 7565:Belgium 7555:Armenia 7503:Hakkari 7357:(2014–) 7351:(2003–) 7339:(1919–) 7309:(1840s) 7139:Osroene 7061:Assyria 7049:related 7043:History 7028:Cuisine 7000:Culture 6941:Aramaic 6928:(1968–) 6922:(1692–) 6916:(1552–) 6897:(1940–) 6891:(1870–) 6885:(1662–) 6514:Thoma I 6008:Schools 5964:Caritas 5872:Secular 5838:Workers 5733:Jesuits 5519:Museums 5514:Library 5492:Writers 5487:Artists 5467:Culture 5434:Paul VI 5315:Russian 5305:Melkite 5147:Brother 5125:General 5065:Titular 5035:Primate 5013:Eparchy 5003:Diocese 4950:Outline 4889:College 4879:Francis 4823:Virgins 4798:Martyrs 4724:Science 4631:History 4586:Penance 4571:Baptism 4472:Worship 4445:Vulgate 4393:Kingdom 4388:Trinity 4376:General 4131:Primacy 4039:History 4019:Outline 3939:Malabar 3893:liturgy 3797:Defunct 3690:Current 3596:Psalter 3552:Gradual 3480:Requiem 3475:Funeral 3423:Vespers 3272:Penance 3257:Baptism 3239:of the 3182:: 3082:1237836 2894:Sources 2641:1 March 2207:Burakha 2185:Nisibis 2149:Tūrgāmā 2139:Qiryānā 2119:Psalter 2097:Qūrbānā 2013:Burakha 1974:Baptism 1866:Psalter 1805:Ma'apra 1732:Sanctus 1728:Preface 1703:Beijing 1625:Shuraya 1621:Turgama 1617:Shlikha 1613:Qiryani 1431:Socotra 1351:History 1149:Vatican 1039:Central 796:Russian 786:Melkite 651:of the 472:Russian 467:Melkite 330:Malabar 140:Ancient 111:Cilicia 7719:Sutoro 7640:Sweden 7635:Russia 7615:Mexico 7605:Jordan 7600:Israel 7595:Greece 7580:France 7570:Canada 7523:Mardin 7513:Elazığ 7498:Turkey 7491:Khabur 7452:Salmas 7425:Ankawa 7408:Alqosh 7345:(1933) 7327:(1909) 7315:(1895) 7226:(630s) 7220:(630s) 6985:Mlaḥsô 6980:Senaya 6965:Turoyo 6945:Syriac 6879:(518–) 6858:Syriac 6625:Syriac 6620:Turoyo 6610:Senaya 6605:Mlaḥsô 6405:(2017) 6399:(1961) 6393:(1852) 6369:(1701) 6348:(1772) 6342:(1912) 6336:(1665) 6288:Kerala 6258:(1940) 6252:(1870) 6228:(1968) 6222:(1552) 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