600:
195:
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19:
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Europe, hence the need for the merger, which would result in the closure of capacity across the newly integrated company. With much tinplate consumption moving to the newly expanding Asian market, on 1 February 2001 Corus announced the complete closure of the Ebbw Vale site, and the resultant loss of 780 jobs.
419:
Two and a half years later, production at the site restarted. This drew former steelworkers back to the valley, and by 1948 the plant was the largest in Europe, producing 600,000 tons of rolled steel annually. A lack of manpower drew in migrant workers from all over devastated post-war Europe and the
728:
former
Steelworks General Offices were reopened after a £12 million refit. Originally constructed in 1915–1916, they were redeveloped as a visitor centre and archive. The original building now houses the Ebbw Vale Steelworks Archive Trust, a voluntary organisation which holds an historical record of
432:
Most occupations inside the steel works were considered reserved trades, so employees were able to opt out of the compulsory call-up for World War II military service. However, a number of men did decide to enlist, which resulted in some trades being worked throughout the war by women for the first
578:
With staff redeployed to the developing tinplate plant, on 17 July 1975 both the converter shop and all remaining blast furnaces closed, having produced 16,916,523 tons of iron. The continuous hot strip mill ceased operation on 29 September 1977, having rolled 23 million tons of steel since it was
642:
Although investment had continued at the Ebbw Vale site over the past two decades, No.2 ETL(Electrolytic
Tinning Line) was shut down in 1995, and rather than be redeveloped as planned had become a source of spares for the No.1 ETL. Steel production capacity was in excess of the required market in
566:
transport facilities, such as deep water ports. Ebbw Vale was neither located near such vast pits, nor bulk shipping facilities. When
British Steel announced its 10-year integrated production plan for South Wales, it therefore proposed to stop iron and steel-making operations at Ebbw Vale, and to
570:
The closure of the coke ovens in March 1972 allowed work to commence on removing the 19th century "drill ground" tip, which contained 500,000 tons of waste material. Once the waste removal was complete, the site was back-filled, allowing the cold rolling mill to be extended. This was now able to
147:
and casting shop against the hillside, which created a weekly output of 25 tons of pig iron per week. Called "Pen y cae" after the farming hamlet by the locals, the partners adopted the river's name to form the Ebbw Vale
Furnace Company Ltd (EVC), hence naming both the works and the developing
396:
By 1929, a lack of investment had led to a low number of new orders. The oncoming economic depression led to the works being shut down; this resulted in huge redundancies, with minimal maintenance applied to the residual infrastructure. By 1934, unemployment in Ebbw Vale stood at 54% out of a
416:, and totally redeveloped the site into a modern steelworks using this technology. Due to the quality of steel produced by the mill, Thomas effectively started the redevelopment of the entire UK steel industry, with the mill producing hot rolled coils instead of bars, billets and plates.
500:
rule in 1953, it passed to the Iron and Steel
Holding and Realisation Agency in readiness for privatisation. However, its size – it was the UK's largest steel company – inhibited its sale. It was still in public ownership when the industry was re-nationalised under
561:
The original choice for the site was due to its co-location with both iron ore and coal. However, by the 1970s the industry had changed to one of sheer volume, with supplies drawn from vast mines and pits. If plants were remote from these, they required access to
614:
By 1981, demolition and clearance of the former iron and steel plants was completed, and the southern boundary of the residual tinplate works was moved inwards. It was on this part of the site that
Blaenau Gwent Borough Council approved a bid for the 1992
582:
Demolition and clearance of these plants allowed the second phase of the tinplate works to begin. This included new constructions of an effluent plant, single stack annealing line, two electrolytic tinning lines (ETL), a cleaning line, and a
381:. The capital injection allowed investment in the most powerful blowing engine in the world to serve four of the Ebbw Vale furnaces, new rolling mills and a Bessemer converter shop which produced the first steel ingots, including high carbon
681:
In 2002, Scottish site clearance and demolition contractors Morton assessed the site's land needs for future development. Demolition commenced in August, and the land was remediated over a period of approximately five years.
260:
Company. Pulled by teams of horses, in 1829 Chief
Engineer Thomas Ellis was authorised to purchase a steam locomotive from the Stephenson Company. Built at Tredegar Works, it made its maiden trip on 17 December 1829.
202:, which was extended to enable limestone to be moved from Cwar y Hendre to the iron and steel works at Ebbw Vale. Timber sleepers and some of the original stone sleepers can still be seen today along this
703:
The council proposed the development of a £15 million urban village scheme close to the town, which would house a new railway station and elevated access to the main town. The first part of the scheme,
349:. By 1863, the company was producing 100,000 tons of rail and merchant bars per annum, from 19 blast furnaces, 192 puddling furnaces, and 99 heating furnaces located at Ebbw Vale, Sirhowy, Victoria,
1200:
341:
achieved a great economy in blast furnace practice, becoming the first to adopt the cup and cone successfully on blast furnaces. He then conducted experiments in converting iron into
661:
In July 2002, the Ebbw Vale steel works site closed; a skeleton staff deconstructed the remaining sold plants and handled shipping of residual finished product until
December 2002.
588:
1273:
1251:
338:
167:
The plant was developed as a specialist forge. Needing additional supplies of iron, the company, now owned by the
Harfords family trust, bought and integrated the
620:
256:
By 1805, a 24-mile (39 km) stretch of tramline had been laid to transport coal and iron ore to
Newport Docks, laid jointly by Tredegar Iron Company and the
591:. It was envisaged in the original plan that a third phase would be constructed to double production again, but the government did not authorise these plans.
1540:
1505:
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850:
301:
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209:
The new railway line contracts required additional integration across the production facilities. By the end of the 18th century, both the company and the
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571:
supply sufficient capacity of rolled steel to a new tinplate complex, the development of which started in 1974 with the commissioning of a newly built
97:
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584:
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The plant began a shut-down procedure, with many of the lines within the plant packaged up and transported to other sites in the Corus company (
45:. As the steel industry changed to bulk handling, iron and steel making was ceased in the 1970s, and the site was redeveloped as a specialised
81:
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493:
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737:, providing 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) of shelving to house thousands of documents which date back to the 12th century. HM Queen
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commissioned in 1937. Having slabbed 24 million tons of steel, the final cast was made in the open hearth department in May 1978.
296:, with partner Thomas Brown designated managing director. This change started a period of expansion via acquisition, including:
536:. Marine was a former EVSICC colliery, and this picture epitomises the integrated nature of coal and iron ore with steel making
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This allowed the company to produce the world's first rolled-steel rail tracks in 1857, later followed by the pioneering
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plant. Having cost £57 million, the plant was officially opened in June 1978 by Derek Hornby, the President of the
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41:. Developed from 1790, by the late 1930s it had become the largest steel mill in Europe. It was nationalised after
194:
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was granted for a mixed use redevelopment, including housing, retail, offices, wetlands and a learning campus.
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bombers on more than one occasion, but the deep valley proved difficult to bomb and the plant survived.
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needed to transport raw materials to and products from various ironworks in the upper Ebbw Valley, to
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obtained by 'patch' working and local drifts and levels, plus water and power from the river.
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In 1948, two of the country's largest steel companies – Richard Thomas, which had plants in
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In 1948, RTB introduced the first continuous tinning line at its Ebbw Vale tinplate works.
105:
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In 2007, a £350 million regeneration project was jointly announced by the council and the
8:
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Ironworks in Ebbw Vale, and connecting them both to several limestone quarries at Trevil.
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family the Harfords, who in 1796 bought out Homfray himself to take complete ownership.
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steel making in Ebbw Vale, and a "4D" immersive cinema. A newly built wing houses the
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diesel locomotive hauls a train of rolled steel coils up the Ebbw Valley towards the
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558:. By this time, 14,500 people were employed in the works in and around Ebbw Vale.
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In 1935, the UK Government forced the shareholders of EVSICC to sell the site to
50:
73:
river was home to a population of around 120, who worked the valley as farmers.
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708:, opened in 2010; it was Wales' first all-individual-bed hospital, named after
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On 6 October 1999, a merger was announced between the Dutch steel company
373:
In June 1868, Darby converted the partnership into a limited company, the
1341:
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409:
345:, but the company was eventually forced to adopt the patented process of
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consisting of four furnaces, a forge, tinplate works and coal collieries
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30:
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in the Netherlands), while other plants were sold as a package to an
619:, awarded to the council and site in November 1988. It was billed as
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34:
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On grouping in 1923, all of these railway lines became part of the
137:
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89:
46:
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288:, in 1844 the Hardford's family trust sold the works to partners
152:
53:
in 2002, but is being redeveloped in a joint partnership between
1201:"Ebbw Vale's General Offices are officially opened by the Queen"
449:
Ebbw Vale steelworks in 1969, by this time under the control of
308:, originally built for the Monmouthshire Iron & Coal Company
326:
156:
69:
By the mid to late 1700s, the steep-sided wooded valley of the
655:
342:
77:
198:
A mobile phone mast situated on the trackbed of the former
151:
In 1793 Homfray bought out his partners with help from the
125:
124:, they had easy access to the basic iron making materials:
567:
redevelop the site as a specialist tinplate manufacturer.
550:
in 1967, becoming part of the South Wales group alongside
96:. In agreement with two business partners, his son-in-law
368:
112:, Watkins leased land at Pen y Cae farm in the parish of
1152:"Hospital named after Aneurin Bevan opens in Ebbw Vale"
1067:
1175:"Ebbw Vale steelworks office reopens after £12m refit"
623:
and attracted over 2 million visitors to South Wales.
486:(RTB), became the UK's largest steel maker by volume.
311:
Abersychan Ironworks, consisting of six blast furnaces
230:
tramway built to connect the Sirhowy Ironworks to the
741:
officially opened the General Offices as part of her
116:
from John Miles. Situated on the northern tip of the
433:
time. The plant drew specific attention from German
292:, Henry Dickenson, Joseph Robinson and J Tothill of
492:In 1951, RTB was nationalised and placed under the
1239:Documents and clippings about Ebbw Vale Steelworks
1075:; Menna, Baines; Lynch, Peredur I., eds. (2008).
1497:
895:
440:
357:. It also had six wharfs at Newport Docks, the
22:Cleared site of the former Ebbw Vale Steelworks
797:
795:
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791:
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272:, now operated as a passenger-only service by
171:and colliery. The company then built four new
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677:former Steelworks General Offices, April 2008
1541:Demolished buildings and structures in Wales
1506:Metallurgical industry of the United Kingdom
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594:
243:from Crumlin (low level) north to Ebbw Vale.
1551:Buildings and structures demolished in 2002
1198:
546:The steelworks was nationalised as part of
494:Iron and Steel Corporation of Great Britain
279:
76:In 1789, Walter Watkins was the owner of a
1546:Grade II listed buildings in Blaenau Gwent
1274:
1260:
983:
981:
979:
758:
365:ore mines in the Brendon Hills and Spain.
1516:Buildings and structures in Blaenau Gwent
635:and British Steel to form a new company,
136:was to be transported by mule train from
1077:The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales
1063:
1061:
668:
598:
512:
444:
193:
17:
976:
482:– agreed to a merger. The new company,
1556:Industrial buildings completed in 1790
1498:
1079:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
987:
967:"Money-Market and City Intelligence",
673:Restoration of the clock tower of the
391:
375:Ebbw Vale Steel, Iron and Coal Company
369:Ebbw Vale Steel, Iron and Coal Company
284:After some commercial failures in the
1255:
1058:
162:
88:, which lacked an adequate supply of
1234:Ebbw Vale steelsworks @ Graces Guide
408:. He chose to import the UK's first
1126:"Experts start on steel site plans"
528:works, passing the recently closed
13:
1289:Steel plants in the United Kingdom
1040:"BBC - Error 404 : Not Found"
745:on 3 May 2012, accompanied by the
14:
1567:
1511:Ironworks and steelworks in Wales
1217:
825:"Coleford People – Robert Mushet"
184:Stockton & Darlington Railway
140:Quarries, about four miles away.
1370:
1283:
1229:History at Blaenau Gwent Council
1173:Nicola Smith (24 October 2011).
685:In 2005, Corus sold the site to
664:
508:
361:mine in the Forest of Dean, and
1531:2002 disestablishments in Wales
1192:
1166:
1144:
1118:
1093:
1032:
1007:
474:, and Baldwins, with plants in
427:
337:In 1850, the company's chemist
252:Newport to Crumlin (low level).
961:
939:
917:
843:
817:
175:and added steam engine power.
64:
1:
1302:Barrow Hematite Steel Company
947:"Monmouthshire Canal Tramway"
752:
589:Food Manufacturing Federation
441:Richard Thomas & Baldwins
1526:1789 establishments in Wales
925:"Beaufort Ironworks Tramway"
300:Three blast furnaces of the
189:
7:
1243:20th Century Press Archives
1154:. BBC News. 12 October 2010
484:Richard Thomas and Baldwins
458:Richard Thomas and Baldwins
410:continuous hot rolling mill
377:(EVSICC), headquartered in
10:
1572:
1199:WalesOnline (2 May 2012).
720:Steelworks General Offices
626:
539:
455:
180:Liverpool & Manchester
143:The partnership erected a
1410:
1379:
1368:
1294:
609:Ebbw Vale Garden Festival
595:Ebbw Vale Garden Festival
542:British Steel Corporation
503:British Steel Corporation
451:British Steel Corporation
314:Production facilities in
1521:History of Monmouthshire
733:, which were moved from
617:National Garden Festival
605:National Garden Festival
280:New owners and expansion
120:and located next to the
49:works. It was closed by
1347:Skinningrove Steelworks
803:"Ebbw Vale steelsworks"
710:National Health Service
406:Richard Beaumont Thomas
321:Iron ore fields in the
220:Developments included:
1448:Port Talbot Steelworks
1397:Ravenscraig steelworks
1392:Clydebridge Steelworks
1337:Sheffield Forgemasters
1224:TheWorksEbbwVale.co.uk
678:
611:
564:bulk material handling
556:Port Talbot Steelworks
537:
453:
397:population of 31,000.
206:
23:
1327:Scunthorpe Steelworks
855:National Museum Wales
724:In October 2011, the
687:Blaenau Gwent Council
672:
633:Koninklijke Hoogovens
621:Garden Festival Wales
602:
516:
448:
266:Great Western Railway
211:Tredegar Iron Company
197:
118:South Wales coalfield
55:Blaenau Gwent Council
21:
1482:51.77000°N 3.20083°W
1433:Ebbw Vale Steelworks
1332:Sheerness Steelworks
1322:Round Oak Steelworks
1105:blaenau-gwent.gov.uk
743:Diamond Jubilee Tour
706:Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan
106:Penydarren Ironworks
27:Ebbw Vale Steelworks
1478: /
1438:Llanwern steelworks
1418:Blaenavon Ironworks
1362:Teesside Steelworks
1307:Brown Bayley Steels
1015:"Ebbw Vale History"
903:"Ebbw Vale history"
861:on 6 September 2012
698:planning permission
650:near Llanelli, and
392:1930s redevelopment
274:Transport for Wales
258:Monmouthshire Canal
239:Llanhiledd Tramroad
1487:51.77000; -3.20083
1453:Trostre Steelworks
1443:Panteg Steel Works
1357:Teesside Beam Mill
1317:Firth Brown Steels
1046:on 1 November 2009
1019:www.bioeddie.co.uk
679:
612:
538:
534:Cwm, Blaenau Gwent
454:
302:Victoria Ironworks
207:
163:Early 19th century
29:was an integrated
24:
1461:
1460:
1428:Dowlais Ironworks
1423:Brymbo Steelworks
1402:Shotts Iron Works
1086:978-0-7083-1953-6
831:on 22 August 2012
747:Duke of Edinburgh
573:hydrochloric acid
333:, Gloucestershire
169:Sirhowy Ironworks
94:Clydach Ironworks
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1387:Clyde Iron Works
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1042:. Archived from
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949:. RailBrit.co.uk
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905:. bioeddie.co.uk
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883:. RailBrit.co.uk
881:"Rassa Railroad"
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857:. Archived from
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827:. Archived from
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694:Welsh Government
658:-based company.
519:British Railways
353:, Pontypool and
329:, Spain and the
248:Sirhowy Tramroad
102:Jeremiah Homfray
100:and iron master
98:Charles Cracroft
59:Welsh Government
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1132:. 3 August 2006
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1101:"Festival Park"
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517:10 May 1989: a
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731:Gwent Archives
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270:Ebbw Vale Line
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226:Rassa Railroad
200:Rassa Railroad
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575:pickle line.
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548:British Steel
543:
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531:
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509:British Steel
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414:United States
411:
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404:manufacturer
403:
398:
389:
387:
386:(mirror iron)
385:
384:spiegel-eisen
380:
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366:
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323:Brendon Hills
320:
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306:Lord Llanover
303:
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294:Coalbrookdale
291:
290:Abraham Darby
287:
286:United States
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212:
205:
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196:
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149:
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145:blast furnace
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48:
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40:
36:
32:
28:
20:
16:
1463:
1432:
1352:Stocksbridge
1204:. Retrieved
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1168:
1156:. Retrieved
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1104:
1095:
1076:
1069:Davies, John
1048:. Retrieved
1044:the original
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1018:
1009:
997:. Retrieved
988:Noel Evans.
968:
963:
953:23 September
951:. Retrieved
941:
931:23 September
929:. Retrieved
919:
909:23 September
907:. Retrieved
897:
887:23 September
885:. Retrieved
875:
863:. Retrieved
859:the original
854:
845:
833:. Retrieved
829:the original
819:
807:. Retrieved
739:Elizabeth II
723:
702:
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684:
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498:Conservative
491:
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461:
431:
428:World War II
418:
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383:
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372:
363:spathic iron
339:George Parry
336:
325:, Somerset,
283:
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208:
177:
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150:
142:
75:
68:
43:World War II
26:
25:
15:
1485: /
1342:Shelton Bar
1206:6 September
1050:6 September
1024:6 September
865:6 September
835:6 September
480:South Wales
114:Aberystruth
86:Crickhowell
65:Development
39:South Wales
33:located in
1500:Categories
1470:51°46′12″N
851:"Articles"
753:References
696:. Outline
540:See also:
468:Gloucester
379:Manchester
351:Abersychan
148:township.
122:River Ebbw
82:Glangrwney
31:steel mill
1536:Ebbw Vale
1179:BBC Wales
1130:BBC Wales
994:BBC Wales
970:The Times
603:The 1992
505:in 1967.
476:Stourport
464:Ebbw Vale
435:Luftwaffe
412:from the
402:tin plate
316:Pontypool
204:bridleway
190:Transport
134:Limestone
92:from the
71:Ebbw Fawr
35:Ebbw Vale
1473:3°12′3″W
1380:Scotland
712:founder
652:IJmuiden
552:Llanwern
526:tinplate
522:Class 37
496:. Under
470:and the
359:hematite
355:Abercarn
232:Beaufort
182:and the
138:Llanelly
130:iron ore
90:pig iron
57:and the
47:tinplate
1295:England
1245:of the
1241:in the
1184:18 July
1158:3 April
1136:18 July
1110:30 June
999:18 July
809:18 July
735:Cwmbran
648:Trostre
627:Closure
155:-based
153:Bristol
104:of the
84:, near
1083:
656:Indian
607:, the
327:Bilbao
157:Quaker
1411:Wales
1312:Corby
637:Corus
343:steel
304:from
78:forge
51:Corus
1208:2017
1186:2012
1160:2012
1138:2012
1112:2021
1081:ISBN
1052:2017
1026:2017
1001:2012
955:2011
933:2011
911:2011
889:2011
867:2017
837:2017
811:2012
554:and
478:and
128:and
126:coal
1247:ZBW
532:in
268:'s
108:at
80:in
1502::
1177:.
1128:.
1103:.
1071:;
1060:^
1017:.
992:.
978:^
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760:^
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1275:e
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957:.
935:.
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891:.
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839:.
813:.
250::
241::
228::
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