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486:, who suggested that Black playwrights should condemn racism by producing "well-made plays". Instead, Hay argues, Bullins's writing aimed to "get people upset by making them look at racism in totally new ways". By contrast, the critic W. D. E. Andrews argues that the distinction between Baraka and Bullins lies instead in Bullins's efforts to describe Black lived experience, as opposed to referring to relations between Black and white people.
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When writers of children's theater contemplate significant events, such as moments in the nation's history, they tend to glamorize or to condescend. Ed
Bullins is an exception. In contrast to other playwrights of his stature, he also write plays for children —and his approach, as in all of his work,
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has been quoted as saying of
Bullins: "He was able to get the grass roots to come to his plays. ...He was a Black playwright who spoke to the values of the urban experience. Some of those people had probably never seen a play before."
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for what
Bullins called "financial reasons". Bullins worked with the Lafayette Players until 1972, when the group ended due to lack of funding. During these years, ten of Bullins's plays were produced by the Players, including
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is serious and thoughtful. His 'The
Mystery of Phillis Wheatley' is now running in the Henry Street Settlement's handsome new Arts for Living, Center, and his 'I Am Lucy Terry' opens next week at the American Place Theater.
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used Black House as their base in San
Francisco, where Bullins was their minister of culture as of the 1960s. Black House eventually split into two opposing factions: one group, led by
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Queen) and Edward
Bullins. He was raised primarily by his mother. As a child, he attended a predominantly white elementary school and became involved with a gang. He attended
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Samuel A. Hay, Bullins's biographer, writes that
Bullins rejected models of theater advanced by Amiri Baraka, who wrote and promoted
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who meets the titular Clara and several other "strange and unpleasant characters" who show her the "realities of
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Bullins received numerous awards for his playwriting. He twice received the Black Arts
Alliance Award, for
303:, Bullins felt that Baraka's artistic purpose was similar to his own. He joined Baraka at Black House, the
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Contemporary Black
American Playwrights and Their Plays: A Biographical Directory and Dramatic Index
355:, a theatrical group. The first production the New Lafayette Players performed was a trilogy called
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Sanders, Leslie (1985). "Ed
Bullins (2 July 1935–)". In Davis, Thadious M.; Trudier Harris (eds.).
432:
Bullins later returned to school, and received a bachelor's degree in English and playwriting from
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was about a Black man who imitates the views of the white majority. The trilogy earned Bullins a
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Bullins returned to the East Coast in 1967. From 1973, he was playwright-in-residence at the
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Menson-Furr, Ladrica (2004). "Ed Bullins (1935–)". In Nelson, Emmanuel Sampath (ed.).
1534:"The Electronic Nigger: Controversy Over Play's Title Fails to Cloud Author's Acclaim"
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Andrews, W. D. E. (1980). "Theater of Black Reality: The Blues Drama of Ed Bullins".
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2056:
Top Down: The Ford Foundation, Black Power, and the Reinvention of Racial Liberalism
1356:
Dictionary of the Black Theatre: Broadway, Off-Broadway, and Selected Harlem Theatre
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Scharine, Richard G. (1979). "Ed Bullins Was Steve Benson (But Who Is He Now?)".
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410:'s Writers' Unit. During these years, Bullins wrote two children's plays, titled
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life". It turns out that "Clara's ole man" is actually Clara's partner, a woman.
2005:
335:. Bullins was part of the latter group. While in San Francisco, Bullins founded
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features Bullins's alter ego, Steve Benson, who appears in many Bullins works.
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In addition to playwriting, Bullins wrote short stories and novels, including
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2038:
1973:
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1615:
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1253:
Identity Poetics: Race, Class, and the Lesbian-Feminist Roots of Queer Theory
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1059:
Manheim, James M. (2000). "Ed Bullins 1935–". In Oblender, David G. (ed.).
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184:(July 2, 1935 – November 13, 2021), sometimes publishing as
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The director Robert Macbeth read Bullins' plays and asked him to join the
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2424:
1994:
Bourne, Kay (August 17, 2000). "Dance brings to life Nubian coronation".
479:
402:, active from 1974 to around 1980. From 1975 to 1983, he was on staff at
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1020:"Ed Bullins, Leading Playwright of the Black Arts Movement, Dies at 86"
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The Black Arts Movement: Literary Nationalism in the 1960s and 1970s
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in San Francisco. As of the late 1980s, Bullins taught drama at the
2185:
The Development of Black Theater in America: From Shadows to Selves
467:
316:
2366:
at Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library,
1861:
Black American Playwrights, 1800 to the Present: A Bibliography
282:
254:
235:
1315:
Afro-American Writers after 1955: Dramatists and Prose Writers
1509:
1507:
1505:
1171:
The Concise Oxford Companion to African American Literature
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339:, a theater collective inspired by Baraka's Harlem-based
208:, for which he was the minister of culture in the 1960s.
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273:, which premiered on August 5, 1965, at San Francisco's
238:
championship, returned to Philadelphia, and enrolled in
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1777:
Historical Dictionary of Contemporary American Theater
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1471:
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1110:
Twentieth-Century African-American Writers and Artists
1859:
Arata, Esther Spring; Rotoli, Nicholas John (1976).
1446:
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371:for 1968. The trilogy's title was later changed to
2208:
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1941:
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537:playwriting grants. In 2012, Bullins received the
421:. He also wrote the text for two musicals, titled
216:Edward Artie Bullins was born on July 2, 1935, in
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3448:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
3424:
3391:Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention
2309:Ed Bullins: Twelve Plays & Selected Writings
1165:. In Andrews, William L.; Frances Smith Foster;
1142:
911:
909:
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903:
901:
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897:
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748:The Duplex: A Black Love Fable in Four Movements
1854:
3238:The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution
2340:"Everybody Wants to Know Why I Sing the Blues"
2286:"Bullins, the Artist and the Activist, Speaks"
1852:
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462:Bullins died aged 86 on November 13, 2021, in
3193:Charles Garry: Streetfighter in the Courtroom
2388:
890:
2182:Sanders, Leslie Catherine (August 1, 1989).
2147:Peterson, Bernard L. (1988). "Bullins, Ed".
2122:African American Dramatists: An A-to-Z Guide
242:. He stayed in Philadelphia until moving to
3458:African-American dramatists and playwrights
2119:
1858:
1831:
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772:The Psychic Pretenders (A Black Magic Show)
736:Ya Gonna Let Me Take You Out Tonight, Baby?
466:, Massachusetts, due to complications from
211:
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1108:Hedgepeth, Chester (1991). "Bullins, Ed".
31:
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3127:Black Power, We're Goin' Survive America
2146:
2053:
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1484:
1465:
1407:Thomson, Peter; Salgādo, Gāmini (1985).
1297:
1215:Warrior Poet: A Biography of Audre Lorde
1209:
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2402:
2181:
2022:
1962:"A Family Ever on the Verge of Emotion"
1732:
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1993:
1819:from the original on November 17, 2021
1774:
1756:from the original on November 17, 2021
1601:
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1249:
998:
960:. new revision series. Vol. 134.
760:Malcolm: '71, or, Publishing Blackness
246:in 1958. He married poet and activist
3453:21st-century African-American writers
3443:20th-century African-American writers
2376:
2054:Ferguson, Karen (December 31, 2013).
1959:
1602:Fraser, C. Gerald (August 19, 1977).
1524:
1522:
1409:The Everyman Companion to the Theatre
1160:
1017:
511:Guggenheim Fellowship for playwriting
221:
2306:
1353:
440:. In 1995, he became a professor at
261:and began writing short stories for
194:New York Drama Critics' Circle Award
2899:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
2084:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1720:
1708:
1450:
1148:
844:High John da Conqueror: The Musical
655:
523:New York Drama Critics Circle Award
13:
3463:Members of the Black Panther Party
2284:Gussow, Mel (September 22, 1971).
2242:
2217:University of North Carolina Press
1604:"Bullins Joins His Words to Music"
1519:
1250:Garber, Linda (October 17, 2001).
389:
269:, where he started writing plays.
200:. Bullins was associated with the
14:
3489:
3372:Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song
3107:Revolutionary Black Panther Party
2357:
2338:Smitherman, Geneva (April 1974).
1636:Shirley, Don (January 29, 1979).
1018:Risen, Clay (November 17, 2021).
856:King Aspelta: A Nubian Coronation
826:Dr. Geechee and the Blood Junkies
662:Dialect Determinism; or The Rally
544:
3404:
3403:
3331:1968 Olympics Black Power salute
2207:Smethurst, James Edward (2005).
2190:Louisiana State University Press
2089:Ed Bullins: A Literary Biography
2060:University of Pennsylvania Press
357:The Electronic Nigger and Others
169:
3468:Northeastern University faculty
3160:Eldridge Cleaver, Black Panther
3092:New Afrikan Black Panther Party
2879:Deacons for Defense and Justice
2595:Jalil Muntaqim (Anthony Bottom)
1987:
1953:
1801:
1775:Fisher, James (July 15, 2021).
1768:
1738:
1675:Black American Literature Forum
1665:
1629:
1595:
1562:
1400:
1347:
802:The Mystery of Phyllis Wheatley
726:(as Kingsley B. Bass Jr) (1968)
535:National Endowment for the Arts
307:'s cultural center, along with
234:. During this period, he won a
165:
16:American playwright (1935–2021)
3351:New Haven Black Panther trials
3187:In the Event Anyone Disappears
3041:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
1243:
1101:
550:
289:Black House and Black Panthers
192:. He won awards including the
1:
3102:New Panther Vanguard Movement
3077:Black Riders Liberation Party
2364:Ed Bullins papers (1940–2010)
2249:Griffiths, Trevor R. (2003).
1960:Gates, Anita (June 3, 1997).
950:Matthews, Tracy, ed. (2005).
778:House Party, a Soul Happening
634:and other plays) . New York:
438:City College of San Francisco
408:New York Shakespeare Festival
398:. He founded the Bronx-based
228:Benjamin Franklin High School
103:Benjamin Franklin High School
3082:Black Women's Defense League
2948:United Front Against Fascism
2833:Akua Njeri (Deborah Johnson)
2313:University of Michigan Press
2095:Wayne State University Press
1813:Theatre Communications Group
1114:American Library Association
1061:Contemporary Black Biography
814:C'mon Back to Heavenly House
541:Visionary Leadership Award.
539:Theatre Communications Group
533:playwriting grants, and two
527:Drama Desk Vernon Rice Award
341:Black Arts Repertory Theatre
7:
3246:Judas and the Black Messiah
2930:Free Breakfast for Children
1574:"Stage: 'Phyllis Wheatley'"
838:Salaam, Huey Newton, Salaam
525:. Also in 1975, he won the
509:. In 1971, Bullins won the
275:Firehouse Repertory Theatre
267:San Francisco State College
10:
3494:
3346:Murder of Betty Van Patter
3174:The Murder of Fred Hampton
3153:Interview with Bobby Seale
2368:Emory University Libraries
2153:Greenwood Publishing Group
2126:Greenwood Publishing Group
2016:
1219:W. W. Norton & Company
636:William Morrow and Company
605:William Morrow and Company
218:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
56:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
3478:Writers from Philadelphia
3399:
3323:
3264:
3119:
3059:
2963:
2956:
2917:
2866:
2841:
2805:
2749:
2623:
2487:
2474:
2433:
2412:
1258:Columbia University Press
1161:Grant, Nathan L. (2001).
507:In the New England Winter
496:
473:
147:
126:
116:
95:
87:
79:
62:
42:
30:
23:
3133:Black Panthers: A Report
2971:American Indian Movement
2736:Michael "Cetewayo" Tabor
2307:Sell, Mike, ed. (2006).
1781:Rowman & Littlefield
883:
790:The Taking of Miss Janie
521:, which also received a
519:The Taking of Miss Janie
259:Los Angeles City College
212:Early life and education
108:Los Angeles City College
3208:All Power to the People
3097:New Black Panther Party
3087:Huey P. Newton Gun Club
2991:Black Panthers (Israel)
2671:Marshall "Eddie" Conway
2565:Elbert "Big Man" Howard
2085:Hay, Samuel A. (1997).
1354:Woll, Allen L. (1983).
1175:Oxford University Press
503:The Fabulous Miss Marie
442:Northeastern University
3222:A Huey P. Newton Story
3006:George Jackson Brigade
2996:British Black Panthers
2976:Black Guerrilla Family
2560:Raymond "Masai" Hewitt
628:The Theme Is Blackness
531:Rockefeller Foundation
396:American Place Theatre
361:American Place Theatre
257:, Bullins enrolled in
73:Roxbury, Massachusetts
3473:Obie Award recipients
3297:Revolutionary Suicide
3072:Black Panther Militia
2981:Black Liberation Army
2918:Programs and projects
2762:Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin
2731:Russell Maroon Shoatz
2068:10.9783/9780812209037
1750:Guggenheim Fellowship
730:In New England Winter
706:The Electronic Nigger
575:The Electronic Nigger
353:New Lafayette Players
347:New Lafayette Players
253:After completing his
134:Guggenheim Fellowship
3386:Black power movement
3361:Rice–Poindexter case
3313:Black Against Empire
3167:Finally Got the News
3120:Films and television
1572:(February 4, 1976).
1221:. pp. 166–167.
957:Contemporary Authors
877:The Gentleman Caller
724:We Righteous Bombers
712:The Man Who Dug Fish
611:The Reluctant Rapist
457:The Reluctant Rapist
453:The Reluctant Rapist
333:cultural nationalism
329:socialist revolution
182:Edward Artie Bullins
168: 1962;
3411:Black Panther Party
3046:White Panther Party
3026:Polynesian Panthers
2777:Robert Hillary King
2696:Denise Oliver-Velez
2405:Black Panther Party
1735:, pp. 178–179.
952:"Bullins, Ed 1935–"
585:Four Dynamite Plays
305:Black Arts Movement
220:, to Bertha Marie (
206:Black Panther Party
202:Black Arts Movement
186:Kingsley B. Bass Jr
121:Black Arts Movement
83:Kingsley B. Bass Jr
3181:Teach Our Children
3067:Assata's Daughters
2909:Robert F. Williams
2849:Stokely Carmichael
2716:George W. Sams Jr.
2656:Veronza Bowers Jr.
2545:Barbara Easley-Cox
2495:JoNina Abron-Ervin
2291:The New York Times
1966:The New York Times
1608:The New York Times
1578:The New York Times
1548:Johnson Publishing
1532:(September 1968).
1025:The New York Times
872:The Devil Catchers
832:A Sunday Afternoon
766:Night of the Beast
601:Night of the Beast
434:Antioch University
404:The Public Theater
188:, was an American
3420:
3419:
3115:
3114:
3036:The Pink Panthers
2943:Rainbow Coalition
2936:The Black Panther
2925:Ten-Point Program
2862:
2861:
2651:Dhoruba bin Wahad
2590:Joan Tarika Lewis
2510:William Lee Brent
2268:978-1-4081-0313-5
2251:The Theatre Guide
2199:978-0-8071-1582-4
2139:978-0-313-32233-4
2077:978-0-8122-4526-4
1794:978-1-5381-2302-7
1397:, pp. 39–40.
1267:978-0-231-50672-4
1188:978-0-19-803175-8
1078:978-1-4144-3553-4
975:978-1-4144-0536-0
513:. He received an
484:Alain LeRoy Locke
400:Surviving Theatre
365:Electronic Nigger
179:
178:
117:Literary movement
66:November 13, 2021
3485:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3366:Robert Templeton
3341:Intercommunalism
3324:Related articles
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3230:Night Catches Us
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2960:
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2741:James Dixon York
2624:East Coast based
2488:West Coast based
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2479:
2451:Kathleen Cleaver
2446:Eldridge Cleaver
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2026:Southwest Review
2010:
2009:
1997:Bay State Banner
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1392:
1386:
1385:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1317:. Vol. 38.
1310:
1301:
1295:
1284:
1281:Menson-Furr 2004
1278:
1272:
1271:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1211:De Veaux, Alexis
1207:
1201:
1200:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1063:. Vol. 25.
1056:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1015:
996:
995:
947:
718:A Son, Come Home
688:It Has No Choice
656:Individual plays
649:The Hungered One
615:Harper & Row
571:A Son, Come Home
567:In the Wine Time
449:The Hungered One
418:Phillis Wheatley
378:In the Wine Time
373:Ed Bullins Plays
369:Drama Desk Award
325:Eldridge Cleaver
225:
173:
171:
167:
69:
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3395:
3319:
3289:Blood in My Eye
3260:
3111:
3055:
3031:Red Guard Party
2957:Inspired groups
2952:
2913:
2858:
2854:Connie Matthews
2837:
2801:
2745:
2646:Kuwasi Balagoon
2631:Mumia Abu-Jamal
2619:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2429:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2360:
2323:
2269:
2255:A & C Black
2253:(3d ed.).
2245:
2243:Further reading
2227:
2200:
2167:
2140:
2105:
2078:
2019:
2014:
2013:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1879:
1865:Scarecrow Press
1857:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1688:10.2307/3041525
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1643:Washington Post
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1600:
1596:
1582:
1580:
1567:
1563:
1527:
1520:
1512:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1472:
1464:
1457:
1449:
1442:
1427:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1374:
1360:Greenwood Press
1352:
1348:
1333:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1248:
1244:
1229:
1208:
1204:
1189:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1128:
1106:
1102:
1079:
1057:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1016:
999:
976:
948:
891:
886:
881:
784:I Am Lucy Terry
675:Goin' a Buffalo
658:
589:It Bees Dat Way
579:Clara's Ole Man
562:Goin' a Buffalo
553:
547:
499:
476:
464:Roxbury, Boston
416:The Mystery of
412:I Am Lucy Terry
392:
390:1970s and later
383:Goin' a Buffalo
349:
337:Black Arts/West
291:
271:Clara's Ole Man
214:
175:
172: 1966)
163:
159:
156:
143:
112:
71:
67:
54:
48:
46:
38:
37:Bullins in 1971
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3281:Seize the Time
3277:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3170:
3164:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3140:Black Panthers
3136:
3130:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3001:Dalit Panthers
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:William O'Neal
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2797:Albert Woodfox
2794:
2792:Herman Wallace
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2750:Southern based
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Lonnie McLucas
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2666:W. Paul Coates
2663:
2661:Safiya Bukhari
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2641:Ashanti Alston
2638:
2636:Sundiata Acoli
2633:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2615:Michael Zinzun
2612:
2610:Robert Trivers
2607:
2605:Geronimo Pratt
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2585:George Jackson
2582:
2577:
2575:Ericka Huggins
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:B. Kwaku Duren
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:Charles Barron
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2482:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2466:David Hilliard
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2420:Huey P. Newton
2416:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2359:
2358:External links
2356:
2355:
2354:
2335:
2321:
2304:
2281:
2267:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2225:
2204:
2198:
2179:
2165:
2144:
2138:
2117:
2103:
2082:
2076:
2051:
2033:(2): 178–190.
2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2000:. p. 15.
1986:
1952:
1950:, p. 149.
1940:
1938:, p. 181.
1928:
1926:, p. 121.
1916:
1904:
1902:, p. 133.
1892:
1877:
1830:
1800:
1793:
1767:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1682:(3): 103–109.
1664:
1638:"'Storyville'"
1628:
1594:
1561:
1518:
1501:
1499:, p. 177.
1489:
1470:
1468:, p. 197.
1455:
1440:
1425:
1399:
1395:Smethurst 2005
1387:
1372:
1346:
1331:
1302:
1285:
1273:
1266:
1260:. p. 71.
1242:
1227:
1202:
1187:
1167:Trudier Harris
1153:
1141:
1126:
1100:
1077:
1046:
997:
974:
888:
887:
885:
882:
880:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
671:
665:
657:
654:
653:
652:
646:
625:
608:
582:
552:
549:
548:
546:
545:Selected works
543:
498:
495:
475:
472:
391:
388:
348:
345:
321:Black Panthers
290:
287:
277:, is about an
213:
210:
177:
176:
161:
157:
154:Patricia Cooks
152:
151:
149:
145:
144:
142:
141:
136:
130:
128:
127:Notable awards
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
111:
110:
105:
99:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
70:(aged 86)
64:
60:
59:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3490:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3413:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3380:Panther Power
3377:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3255:
3254:The Big Cigar
3251:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Gray Panthers
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:Harry Haywood
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Marion Stamps
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:Chicago based
2804:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Assata Shakur
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Larry Pinkney
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2686:Warren Kimbro
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:Emory Douglas
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Bunchy Carter
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2322:0-472-11407-7
2318:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2226:0-8078-7650-X
2222:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2166:0-313-25190-8
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2104:0-8143-2616-1
2100:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1925:
1920:
1914:, p. 15.
1913:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1878:0-8108-0912-5
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:"2012 Awards"
1804:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1723:, p. 33.
1722:
1717:
1711:, p. 32.
1710:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1668:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1632:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1530:Bailey, Peter
1525:
1523:
1516:, p. 65.
1515:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1493:
1487:, p. 82.
1486:
1485:Peterson 1988
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1467:
1466:Ferguson 2013
1462:
1460:
1453:, p. 61.
1452:
1447:
1445:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1426:0-460-04424-9
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1373:0-313-22561-3
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1332:0-8103-1716-8
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1300:, p. 83.
1299:
1298:Peterson 1988
1294:
1292:
1290:
1283:, p. 64.
1282:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1228:0-393-01954-3
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:"Bullins, Ed"
1157:
1151:, p. 22.
1150:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1127:0-8389-0534-X
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
971:
967:
963:
959:
958:
953:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
889:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
867:City Preacher
865:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
694:A Minor Scene
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
676:
672:
669:
668:How Do You Do
666:
663:
660:
659:
650:
647:
645:
644:0-688-05012-3
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2772:James Forman
2757:H. Rap Brown
2721:Afeni Shakur
2711:Nile Rodgers
2706:Alex Rackley
2676:Jamal Joseph
2580:Bobby Hutton
2570:John Huggins
2555:Reggie Forte
2525:Mark Comfort
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2461:Fred Hampton
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1823:November 17,
1821:. Retrieved
1803:
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1758:. Retrieved
1746:"Ed Bullins"
1740:
1733:Andrews 1980
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1657:November 17,
1655:. Retrieved
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1581:. Retrieved
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252:
240:night school
215:
196:and several
185:
181:
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68:(2021-11-13)
53:July 2, 1935
18:
3438:2021 deaths
3433:1935 births
3273:Soul on Ice
3051:Young Lords
3021:Ngā Tamatoa
2938:(newspaper)
2874:Black power
2787:Malik Rahim
2782:Pete O'Neal
2530:Aaron Dixon
2425:Bobby Seale
2345:Black World
2257:. pp.
2155:. pp.
2128:. pp.
1867:. pp.
1570:Gussow, Mel
1362:. pp.
1321:. pp.
1177:. pp.
1116:. pp.
1067:. pp.
964:. pp.
754:The Pig Pen
597:The Pig Pen
551:Anthologies
480:protest art
425:(1977) and
313:Huey Newton
279:Ivy Leaguer
244:Los Angeles
198:Obie Awards
3427:Categories
3356:Panther 21
3336:COINTELPRO
3060:Subsequent
3016:I Wor Kuen
2867:Influences
2823:Bobby Rush
2813:Mark Clark
2767:Mark Essex
2681:Chaka Khan
2600:Pat Parker
2515:Ed Bullins
2456:Donald Cox
2434:Leadership
2352:(6): 4–13.
1783:. p.
1415:. p.
742:Death List
700:The Corner
682:The Helper
632:The Corner
593:Death List
557:Five Plays
515:Obie Award
427:Storyville
423:Sepia Star
248:Pat Parker
190:playwright
139:Obie Award
91:Playwright
88:Occupation
49:1935-07-02
25:Ed Bullins
3409:Category|
2904:Malcolm X
2550:Kent Ford
2300:0362-4331
2277:191531482
2039:0038-4712
2006:367585627
1974:0362-4331
1652:0190-8286
1616:0362-4331
1556:0012-9011
1413:J.M. Dent
1095:527366290
1087:1058-1316
1034:0362-4331
992:507351920
984:0275-7176
862:Blacklist
850:Boy x Man
406:with the
343:project.
96:Education
3382:" (2000)
2413:Founders
2331:68624120
2235:65183823
2175:16225458
2113:35192318
2047:43469233
2002:ProQuest
1948:Hay 1997
1936:Hay 1997
1924:Hay 1997
1912:Hay 1997
1900:Hay 1997
1817:Archived
1754:Archived
1721:Hay 1997
1709:Hay 1997
1451:Hay 1997
1435:14132895
1341:11755335
1237:53315369
1213:(2004).
1197:49346948
1169:(eds.).
1149:Hay 1997
1136:21231734
820:Snickers
796:Home Boy
638:, 1973.
617:, 1973.
613:(novel)
468:dementia
429:(1979).
317:Marvin X
300:Dutchman
297:'s play
204:and the
80:Pen name
3200:Panther
2478:Members
2017:Sources
1887:2020626
1696:3041525
1382:9080974
1364:191–192
607:, 1972.
529:, four
359:at the
263:Citadel
174:
162:
158:
3375:(1971)
3316:(2013)
3308:(1992)
3300:(1973)
3292:(1972)
3284:(1970)
3276:(1968)
3257:(2024)
3249:(2021)
3241:(2015)
3233:(2010)
3225:(2001)
3217:(1999)
3211:(1996)
3203:(1995)
3195:(1992)
3189:(1974)
3183:(1973)
3177:(1971)
3169:(1970)
3163:(1969)
3155:(1969)
3149:(1969)
3147:Mayday
3143:(1968)
3135:(1968)
3129:(1968)
2842:Others
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1546:(11).
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852:(1997)
846:(1993)
840:(1993)
834:(1987)
828:(1986)
822:(1985)
816:(1978)
810:(1977)
808:DADDY!
804:(1976)
798:(1976)
792:(1975)
786:(1975)
780:(1973)
774:(1972)
768:(1971)
762:(1971)
756:(1970)
750:(1970)
744:(1970)
738:(1969)
732:(1969)
720:(1968)
714:(1967)
708:(1967)
702:(1967)
696:(1966)
690:(1966)
684:(1966)
678:(1966)
670:(1965)
664:(1965)
651:(1971)
642:
621:
497:Awards
482:, and
474:Themes
283:ghetto
255:G.E.D.
236:boxing
148:Spouse
3265:Books
2259:44–45
2157:81–89
2130:64–77
2043:JSTOR
1869:34–42
1692:JSTOR
1539:Ebony
1323:43–61
1179:57–59
1118:40–41
1069:34–36
966:62–67
884:Notes
164:(
160:
2327:OCLC
2317:ISBN
2296:ISSN
2273:OCLC
2263:ISBN
2231:OCLC
2221:ISBN
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2171:OCLC
2161:ISBN
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1981:2021
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1659:2021
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