329:, Smalls regularly showcased revues which featured the club's permanent staff of entertainers. Ed Smalls commissioned original music for the stage productions of the night club. Smalls Paradise was the only major Harlem night spot which was owned by an African-American and was racially integrated. The other clubs admitted only white patrons unless the person was an African-American celebrity. Smalls previously had some success in attracting a racially mixed clientele at his Sugar Cane Club with the quality entertainment and waiters who danced while balancing trays of drinks and sang during floor shows. Beginning with the opening of Smalls Paradise, Smalls had his waiters dance the Charleston while serving guests; patrons were also served drinks by waiters on roller skates.
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469:, who had wanted to own a night club, was able to purchase Smalls Paradise with business partner Pete McDougall in 1961. After purchasing the club, Chamberlain spent up to 18 hours a day at Smalls Paradise, as a celebrity host and learning the night club business. He renamed the venue Big Wilt's Smalls Paradise and changed the club's style of music from jazz to rhythm and blues for economic reasons. One of the first performers at Big Wilt's Smalls Paradise was
509:. Since Tuesday nights were exceptionally slow at Big Wilt's Smalls Paradise, the club looked for a way to bring in more business. Someone came up with the idea to hold Twist dance contests on Tuesday evenings and the club's weekly contest started in December 1961. A hostess for the Paris night club, the Blue Note, visited Big Wilt's Smalls Paradise shortly after the contest began; she was there to learn the Twist and take the dance back to the Paris club,
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353:. Entertainers from both the Cotton Club and Connie's Inn made appearances at the event with the permission of the clubs' management. Ed Smalls was doing well enough at the time of the club's tenth year in business to greatly expand the Smalls Paradise floor space by moving the club's bar upstairs. Smalls continued to expand the club on street level, opening his Orchid Room in 1942.
698:. The plot revolves around Ed Smalls' singer drawing record crowds at Smalls Paradise until the singer receives his draft notice. Smalls begins auditions to try to replace his star vocalist. A little-known young man with a following tries to audition for Smalls, but is turned away. One of the young man's ardent fans then persuades Smalls to give him an audition. Actor
217:, and renamed Big Wilt's Smalls Paradise. Many well known musicians, both white and African-American, appeared at the club over the years and often came to Smalls after their evening engagements to jam with the Smalls Paradise band. The club was responsible for promoting popular dances such as the Charleston, the
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Entrepreneur Ed Smalls owned a small venue in Harlem, the Sugar Cane Club, from 1917 to 1925, which catered primarily to local residents. When Smalls opened Smalls
Paradise in the basement of an office building at 2294 Seventh Avenue, he envisioned a night club which would not exclude his neighbors
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Smalls
Paradise had no cover charge and stayed open longer than most of the others, including the Cotton Club. At Smalls Paradise, patrons could also reserve a seat at the club by paying a yearly fee. Many regular visitors of Harlem's night clubs also found the food better at Smalls Paradise than at
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By 1983, the club was known as the New Smalls
Paradise. This version of Smalls Paradise offered everything from music and dancing to craft shows and political speeches. By 1986, the club, which was the longest-operating night club in Harlem, had fallen vacant. Before its closure it had undergone a
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had also found their way to the night club for the
Tuesday night contest. Those participating in the contest were patrons of Big Wilt's Smalls Paradise. The only dance professionals doing the twist at the club were Mama Lou Parks and the Parkettes, who were there to provide lessons to novices. The
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appeared in print, his publisher held a twist party for him at
Baldwin's favorite night club, Smalls Paradise. The guest list included many of Baldwin's friends as well as literary figures. Despite the fact that many in-town celebrities were also invited, some of those who were not on the guest
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By the early 1970s, it was necessary to revamp Big Wilt's Smalls
Paradise once more. Some of the club's patrons were using the night spot for illicit activities, such as drug dealing. The night club was cleared of those engaging in undesirable activities. Changes in the entertainment policy
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played, Chamberlain was greeting royalty, as well as various show business and political figures. Big Wilt's Smalls
Paradise saw over 250,000 guests in the year since its weekly Twist contest began. The club was continually at capacity on Tuesday evenings until it closed at
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played at Big Wilt's in
December 1961. Smalls Paradise had been a place for African-American baseball players to gather during the time it was owned by Tommy Smalls. Under Chamberlain's ownership, it now became a place where African-American basketball players would meet.
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Radio to have twice weekly broadcasts from the club. During Ed Small's ownership of the club, he organized many gala charity events which were held at Smalls
Paradise with the proceeds donated to help the needy of the Harlem community. One memorable gala in 1931 featured
681:. The entire group was credited as "Smalls Paradise Entertainers" and not by individual names. The film's plot involved a group of Pullman porters who decided to hold a benefit for one of their own. The ten-minute film was shot at the Atlantic Avenue station of the
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In the early 1930s, a female singer with
Charlie Johnson's band arranged an audition with the band for a young hopeful at Smalls Paradise. When the girl was asked what key she sang in, she replied that she did not know, and the audition was unsuccessful. This was
632:, planned to completely renovate the building and add three floors to it. Further plans for the building were to lease the structure for 50 years to the New York Board of Education to house its Thurgood Marshall Academy and to lease space for an
441:, Smalls also organized rock 'n' roll shows held at New York area theaters. He held a grand opening gala at the club on December 13, 1955, which was attended by many prominent people in the music industry. A special guest was baseball star
191:, Smalls Paradise was the only one of the well-known Harlem night clubs to be owned by an African-American and integrated. Other major Harlem night clubs admitted only white patrons unless the person was an African-American celebrity.
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was on the way out. A few days later, the group received a call from Big Wilt's, asking if they would be able to fill in for a last-minute performance cancellation at the club. Even though this was to be a one-night performance, the
412:; a pro-McCarthy group circulated a newsletter labeling Du Bois, Einstein and others connected with the dinner as being pro-Communist. When the Essex House canceled the banquet, it was held at Smalls Paradise.
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but would also be attractive to New Yorkers who lived in the city's downtown area. Smalls arranged a lavish gala for the club's opening on October 26, 1925, which was attended by almost 1,500 people. Though
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agreed to play at Big Wilt's. The engagement was extended substantially, with the group winning praise from the club's talent manager, along with an invitation to play at Big Wilt's anytime.
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came with a crew to film the twisting at the night spot for broadcast in the UK and journalists from many foreign newspapers visited to take photos and file news stories. Delegates from the
588:, a guest at Big Wilt's Smalls Paradise, began heckling a female vocalist onstage. When the vocalist challenged Jackson by asking her to do better. Jackson accepted the dare by singing
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or roller-skated as they delivered orders to customers. Waiters were also known to vocalize during the club's floor shows. Unlike most of the Harlem clubs which closed between 3 and 4
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students arrived in New York hoping to make a musical impression. They auditioned at Big Wilt's Smalls Paradise but were turned down by one of the owners who believed the music genre
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was a frequent patron of Harlem's night clubs for some years. Van Vechten had been a guest at Ed Smalls' Sugar Cane Club as well as at Smalls Paradise. Van Vechten's 1926 novel,
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in the novel. After the book was published, Smalls' employees were offended enough by Van Vechten's portrayal of Harlem to bar Van Vechten from the night club permanently.
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Smalls Paradise circa 1942. Upper left: the Clover Bar moved upstairs in 1936, Upper right:the Orchid Room, opened circa 1942 Bottom: front of the club and the marquee.
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Smalls Paradise played a role in popularizing the Madison in 1960, but the night club's burst of popularity in the early 1960s came from the later dance craze, the
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in 1925, with Wooding and his band performing in the revue for a year. Wooding and his orchestra left the revue to perform in Europe and South America until 1927.
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A photo of the original marquee shows no apostrophe. Other material, such as this postcard produced to promote the club and a news story, show other variations.
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In 1932, Elmer Snowden with his Smalls Paradise band and some of the club's entertainers, were hired by Warner Brothers to star in a film short called
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592:. This was Jackson's first public appearance as a singer; she was hired for an engagement within two weeks of stepping onto the stage at Smalls.
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Tuesday night twist contest brought patrons in limousines from downtown just as the entertainment at Smalls Paradise had done years before. As
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recording contract in 1934, Waller was in need of sidemen to record with. Playing in the house band at Smalls Paradise were Harry Dial and
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and his orchestra were heard by a Russian impresario; Leonidoff promptly hired Wooding and his musicians for a European tour with the
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225:. Smalls Paradise was the longest-operating club in Harlem before it closed in 1986. The building has been the site of the
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298:. Other musicians also made it a habit to drop in at Smalls Paradise after their engagements were over for the evening.
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The structure was purchased by the Abyssinian Development Corporation. The nonprofit corporation, affiliated with the
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transition from a jazz to a disco club. Just prior to the club's demise, the New York Swing Dance Society brought the
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in late 1955. Tommy Smalls, known as "Dr. Jive", was an early enthusiast of rock 'n' roll. Like his contemporary,
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and his musicians, who remained as the "house band" for ten years. The members of Johnson's band included
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and it is the only recording of these musicians playing together; this group produced no records together.
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recalled that he began playing at the club as a teenager (in the late 1950s), and would often play until 4
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restaurant. The school opened in 2004; all traces of Smalls Paradise were wiped out with the renovation.
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am, Smalls was open all night, offering a breakfast dance which featured a full floor show beginning at 6
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am. Many people had to be turned away each week because they did not have the necessary reservations.
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By the late 1950s, Smalls Paradise was in trouble as it had lost substantial business. Basketball star
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either The Cotton Club or Connie's Inn. While most of the night spots shut their doors between 3 and 4
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Smalls Paradise celebrated its fourth anniversary in 1929 and by 1930, it began an arrangement with
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A number of white jazz musicians regularly performed at the club alongside blacks. Jazz guitarist
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celebrated his 83rd birthday at Smalls Paradise on February 23, 1951. The banquet, sponsored by
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Smalls Paradise two major competitors, the Cotton Club and Connie's Inn, both closed in 1933.
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scandal. Smalls was dismissed from WWRL following his arrest. He later went to work for
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The Collected Works of Langston Hughes: Essays on art, race, politics, and world affairs
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1045:. Eagle Post Card View Company. c. 1940. Archived from the original on January 23, 2016
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Vaudeville old & new: an encyclopedia of variety performances in America, Volume 1
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The entertainment at Smalls Paradise was not limited to the stage; waiters danced the
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Harlem: The Four Hundred Year History from Dutch Village to Capital of Black America
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2323:"Postings: Former Smalls' Paradise in Harlem; Nightclub Site To Riff Into A School"
1197:"NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: HARLEM; For a Onetime Jazz Palace, Nostalgia and Controversy"
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213:(no relation) in 1955. It was later owned by Harlem businessman Pete McDougal and
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Both Smalls and Freed were later arrested and charged in connection with the 1959
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Peppermint Twist: The Mob, the Music, and the Most Famous Dance Club of the '60s
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and the Vilmac Room was built for those who preferred to dance to a disco beat.
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African American Films Through 1959: A Comprehensive, Illustrated Filmography
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Federico Garcia Lorca mentions Smalls paradise in "Un poeta en Nueva York".
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often came to Smalls Paradise to jam with the house band for the joy of it.
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Founder and long-time owner Ed Smalls sold the club to popular disc jockey
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After 23 years as the owner of the night club, Ed Smalls sold the club to
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was in effect, patrons were able to bring their own liquor or purchase
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The former site of Smalls Paradise; Thurgood Marshall Academy in 2014.
2354:"Stress of Harlem's Rebirth Shows in School's Move to a New Building"
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Jazz on Film: The Complete Story of the Musicians and Music Onscreen
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Steppin' on the Blues: The Visible Rhythms of African American Dance
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1345:"Smalls Cabaret Party For Unemployment Meets With Wonderful Success"
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after 1923 and Connie's Inn was owned by George and Connie Immerman.
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am. After the clubs closed, he would then join guitarists such as
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All Music Guide to Soul: The Definitive Guide to R&B and Soul
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The Jazz Revolution: Twenties America & the Meaning of Jazz
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am with a floor show of up to 30 dancers and a full jazz band.
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Like the other large and successful night clubs in Harlem, the
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473:. Chamberlain also began booking African-American comedians;
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at 134th Street, it opened in 1925 and was owned by Ed Smalls
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Wilt, 1962: The Night of 100 Points and the Dawn of a New Era
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Spreadin' Rhythm Around: Black Popular Songwriters, 1880-1930
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901:"Ed Smalls, Whose Club Brought the Famous to Harlem, Is Dead"
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1043:"Back of Postcard used to promote the night club circa 1940"
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1729:"Record Promoter Tommy Smalls Dies of Illness in New York"
1398:"Ed Smalls Paradise Enlarges Floorspace and Opens New Bar"
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Smalls Paradise. Founder Ed Smalls is seen at upper right.
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Voices of the Jazz Age: Profiles of Eight Vintage Jazzmen
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radio program from the club shortly after his ownership.
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Thurgood Marshall Academy for Learning and Social Change
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Historically African-American theaters and music venues
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Sunday Afternoon With Babs Gonzalez at Small's Paradise
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was a frequent visitor to Smalls Paradise. With a new
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Edwin Alexander Smalls; 1882–1976). At the time of the
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2134:. Johnson Publishing Company: 62. September 12, 1968.
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369:'s first try as a professional singer. Jazz musician
2009:. Johnson Publishing Company: 64. December 28, 1961.
1971:. Johnson Publishing Company: 59–60. April 12, 1962.
1965:"Socialite Trade Returns to Harlem on Wings of Twist"
1936:
1694:. Alexandria Times-Tribune. May 25, 1960. p. 1.
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845:"Ed Smalls Dies at 92; Owned Famous Harlem Nightspot"
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Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance, Volume 2 K-Y
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Selvin, Joel; Johnson, John Jr.; Cami, Dick (2012).
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American Musicians II: Seventy-One Portraits in Jazz
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851:. Johnson Publishing Company: 30. November 7, 1974.
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Uppity: My Untold Story About The Games People Play
2214:. Johnson Publishing Company: 62. August 30, 1973.
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1838:. Johnson Publishing Company: 63. August 24, 1961.
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773:. Smalls died at the age of 92 on October 13, 1974.
3533:Flashbacks: A Twenty-Year Diary of Article Writing
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2184:. Johnson Publishing Company: 62. April 5, 1973.
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1788:. Johnson Publishing Company: 63. March 9, 1961.
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2763:Gigs: Jazz and the Cabaret Laws in New York City
688:Smalls Paradise was the subject of a 1945 film,
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791:The Cotton Club was owned by New York gangster
337:am, Smalls Paradise began breakfast dances at 6
273:. While performing at Smalls Paradise in 1925,
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1735:. Johnson Publishing Company: 56. 1972-03-23.
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36:in Lower Manhattan, which opened in the 1990s.
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2742:Who's who of Jazz: Storyville to Swing Street
1930:
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27:Jazz nightclub in Harlem, Manhattan, New York
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1002:"Smalls Paradise to Observe 4th Anniversary"
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975:. Harlem World Magazine. January 6, 2014.
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524:doing the Twist at Smalls Paradise in 1962
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765:Smalls, a former elevator operator from
429:Tommy Smalls and fan club members in 1956
404:and others, was originally to be held at
3551:Wintz, Gary D.; Finkelman, Paul (2004).
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3351:The Jazz Age: Popular Music in the 1920s
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1304:"New Revue at Smalls Paradise Next Week"
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821:. Smalls died at the age of 45 in 1972.
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2486:New York Media, LLC (August 31, 1995).
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2951:Feather, Leonard; Gitler, Ira (1999).
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899:Fraser, C. Gerald (October 18, 1974).
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3434:from the original on February 2, 2016
3218:
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3068:Jerome, Fred; Taylor, Rodger (2005).
3047:Jasen, David A.; Jones, Gene (2013).
2954:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz
2897:
2855:
2596:from the original on January 17, 2016
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2333:from the original on October 23, 2015
2114:
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1948:
1908:. J.W. Pepper. Accessed via YouTube.
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979:from the original on January 29, 2016
639:
3636:Former music venues in New York City
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2982:
2922:The Furious Passage of James Baldwin
2382:
2279:Gill, John Freeman (April 3, 2005).
1818:
1651:"Bill Davis Returns to Smalls' Home"
1619:Hinckley, David (November 1, 2005).
1612:
1588:from the original on January 9, 2016
1515:
1337:
1242:
886:
3646:Defunct jazz clubs in New York City
2795:Billie Holiday: Wishing on the Moon
2681:. University Press of Mississippi.
1912:from the original on March 24, 2016
1631:from the original on August 8, 2018
1438:Warner, Wally (February 20, 1943).
1128:from the original on March 10, 2016
965:
625:back to the dance floor at Smalls.
452:
24:
3447:TV Radio Mirror (September 1956).
2652:from the original on March 2, 2016
2622:from the original on June 10, 2019
706:Albums recorded at Smalls Paradise
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249:Opening Day music was provided by
179:. Located in the basement of 2294
25:
3662:
3424:"The Jukebox: The Newest Shuffle"
3174:from the original on July 5, 2021
2570:from the original on May 13, 2011
2544:from the original on July 5, 2021
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2414:from the original on July 5, 2021
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1547:. November 16, 1966. p. 24.
1450:from the original on July 5, 2021
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1355:from the original on July 5, 2021
1314:from the original on July 5, 2021
1310:. September 20, 1930. p. 6.
1207:from the original on May 27, 2015
1195:Matloff, Judith (April 7, 2002).
1012:from the original on July 5, 2021
911:from the original on July 5, 2021
863:from the original on July 5, 2021
181:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard
3193:. University of Illinois Press.
3106:. Oxford University Press, USA.
3021:. University of Missouri Press.
2883:. University of Illinois Press.
2352:Feuer, Alan (February 2, 2004).
1713:
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1657:. December 17, 1955. p. 9.
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246:liquor from the club's waiters.
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45:
3603:from the original on 2021-07-05
3571:from the original on 2021-07-05
3518:from the original on 2021-07-05
3498:Williams, Iain Cameron (2002).
3422:Time magazine (April 4, 1960).
3368:from the original on 2021-07-05
3313:from the original on 2021-07-05
3293:Robinson, Louie (August 1964).
3239:from the original on 2016-03-28
3207:from the original on 2021-07-05
3141:from the original on 2021-07-05
3088:from the original on 2016-03-29
3035:from the original on 2021-07-05
3003:from the original on 2021-07-05
2971:from the original on 2016-03-29
2939:from the original on 2021-07-05
2844:from the original on 2021-07-05
2812:from the original on 2021-07-05
2780:from the original on 2016-03-28
2727:from the original on 2021-07-05
2695:from the original on 2021-07-05
2634:
2608:
2582:
2556:
2530:
2479:
2453:
2400:
2345:
2315:
2245:Page, Tim (September 8, 1983).
2238:
2200:
2170:
2120:
2067:Selvin, Johnson & Cami 2012
2040:Selvin, Johnson & Cami 2012
1995:
1898:
1824:
1774:
1747:from the original on 2021-07-05
1721:
1684:
1643:
1574:
1533:
1431:
1404:. December 5, 1936. p. 9.
1390:
1296:
1188:
1122:"Sam Wooding and His Orchestra"
1114:
1008:. October 19, 1929. p. 7.
807:
798:
785:
776:
634:International House of Pancakes
461:Chamberlain at the club in 1961
445:. Tommy began broadcasting his
420:
3156:"Commodores Celebrate Success"
2564:"Groovin' at Smalls' Paradise"
1035:
973:"Smalls Paradise, Harlem 1925"
892:
759:
408:. This was during the era of
13:
1:
1351:. March 21, 1931. p. 1.
828:
702:plays the role of Ed Smalls.
607:
3483:. Grand Central Publishing.
3127:. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.
3103:The Oxford Companion to Jazz
3074:. Rutgers University press.
2925:. Rowman & Littlefield.
713:Groovin' at Smalls' Paradise
283:revue. The revue opened in
32:Not to be confused with the
7:
3589:. Hal Leonard Corporation.
3407:. Hal Leonard Corporation.
3354:. Oxford University Press.
3251:Pomerantz, Gary M. (2010).
3225:. Oxford University Press.
3154:Lucas, Bob (May 26, 1977).
3071:Einstein on Race and Racism
2957:. Oxford University Press.
2919:Eckman, Fern Marja (2014).
2713:. Hal Leonard Corporation.
2707:Bogdonav, Vladimir (2003).
10:
3667:
3530:Williams, John A. (2016).
3124:James Baldwin: A Biography
2900:"Twist is Universal Mania"
2675:Balliett, Whitney (2006).
2667:
2642:"Live at Small's Paradise"
2616:"Live At Small's Paradise"
1276:Wintz & Finkelman 2004
1255:Wintz & Finkelman 2004
939:Wintz & Finkelman 2004
767:Charleston, South Carolina
528:By the beginning of 1962,
167:), was a nightclub in the
31:
3386:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
3015:Hughes, Langston (2002).
2592:. Blue Note Discography.
2566:. Blue Note Discography.
2488:"Museums, Societies, etc"
2408:"Smash Your Baggage cast"
1159:Feather & Gitler 1999
1063:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
630:Abyssinian Baptist Church
351:Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
146:
131:
121:
82:
69:
65:
53:
44:
3557:. Taylor & Francis.
3501:Underneath a Harlem Moon
3272:Richards, Larry (2005).
3219:Ogren, Kathy J. (1992).
3100:Kirschner, Bill (2005).
2830:. Taylor & Francis.
1528:Jerome & Taylor 2005
752:
742:Live at Small's Paradise
657:Photographer and writer
560:list crashed the party.
3631:Nightclubs in Manhattan
3504:. Bloomsbury Academic.
3451:. Macfadden Publishing.
3401:Thompson, Dave (2001).
3295:"Big Man, Big Business"
3187:Malone, Jacqui (1996).
3121:Leeming, David (2015).
2989:. Grove/Atlantic, Inc.
2983:Gill, Jonathan (2011).
2856:Dance, Stanley (2001).
2792:Clarke, Donald (2009).
2760:Chevigny, Paul (2005).
2538:"It Happened in Harlem"
501:Dances renew popularity
3464:Cite journal requires
3380:Shipton, Ayln (2010).
2824:Cullen, Frank (2007).
2739:Chilton, John (1985).
1621:"Swept Away. Dr. Jive"
1582:"Alan Freed Biography"
1545:The Pittsburgh Courier
1541:"Izzy Rowe's Notebook"
1504:Jasen & Jones 2013
654:
617:
525:
462:
430:
406:New York's Essex House
361:
318:
3583:Yanow, Scott (2004).
3348:Shaw, Arnold (1989).
2877:Deffaa, Chip (1992).
2281:"Goodbye to All That"
1692:"Disc Jockey Roundup"
1584:. Rock Hall of Fame.
691:It Happened in Harlem
683:Long Island Rail Road
650:It Happened in Harlem
647:
615:
596:brought in acts like
590:Don't Play It No More
515:
460:
428:
359:
316:
106:40.81528°N 73.94417°W
3641:Jazz clubs in Harlem
3477:White, Bill (2011).
2461:"Smash Your Baggage"
1607:TV Radio Mirror 1956
728:, Jimmy Smith (1958)
568:In 1968, a group of
518:Jackie "Moms" Mabley
3536:. Open Road Media.
3257:. Crown/Archetype.
2898:Ebony (June 1962).
2329:. August 26, 2001.
2093:, pp. 165–166.
2069:, pp. 127–128.
1625:New York Daily News
1530:, pp. 159–160.
1440:"Harlem Night Life"
1245:, p. 271, 323.
1161:, pp. 706–707.
1111:, pp. 154–155.
570:Tuskegee University
398:Mary McLeod Bethune
111:40.81528; -73.94417
102: /
78:Manhattan, New York
41:
3626:Harlem Renaissance
2859:The World of Swing
1931:Time magazine 1960
679:Smash Your Baggage
655:
640:In popular culture
618:
526:
463:
431:
362:
319:
189:Harlem Renaissance
39:
3596:978-1-6177-4701-4
3564:978-1-5795-8458-0
3543:978-1-5040-3303-9
3511:978-0-8264-5893-3
3490:978-0-4465-6418-2
3414:978-0-8793-0629-8
3393:978-1-4411-6780-4
3361:978-0-1950-6082-9
3340:978-1-2500-1353-8
3285:978-0-7864-2274-6
3264:978-0-3075-4938-9
3232:978-0-19-507479-6
3200:978-0-2520-6508-8
3134:978-1-6287-2469-1
3113:978-0-1951-8359-7
3081:978-0-8135-4098-6
3060:978-1-1355-0972-9
3028:978-0-8262-1394-5
2996:978-0-8021-9594-4
2964:978-0-1998-8640-1
2932:978-1-5907-7321-5
2890:978-0-2520-6258-2
2869:978-0-3068-1016-9
2862:. Da Capo Press.
2837:978-0-4159-3853-2
2805:978-0-7867-3087-2
2798:. Da Capo Press.
2773:978-0-4153-4700-6
2752:978-0-306-80243-0
2745:. Da Capo Press.
2720:978-0-8793-0744-8
2688:978-1-5780-6834-0
2527:, pp. 90–91.
2492:New York Magazine
2247:"Going Out Guide"
2057:, pp. 38–42.
1895:, pp. 18–19.
1771:, pp. 62–64.
1494:, pp. 76–77.
1173:, pp. 58–59.
1149:, pp. 66–67.
696:All-American News
317:Ed Smalls in 1931
280:Chocolate Kiddies
154:
153:
16:(Redirected from
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1655:The New York Age
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1444:The New York Age
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1402:The New York Age
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1349:The New York Age
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1308:The New York Age
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1137:
1135:
1133:
1124:. Red Hot Jazz.
1118:
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1054:
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1019:
1017:
1006:The New York Age
998:
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870:
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822:
811:
805:
802:
796:
789:
783:
780:
774:
763:
700:George Wiltshire
659:Carl Van Vechten
545:
488:
467:Wilt Chamberlain
453:Wilt Chamberlain
390:W. E. B. Du Bois
340:
336:
215:Wilt Chamberlain
205:
201:
171:neighborhood of
165:Smalls' Paradise
161:Small's Paradise
142:
140:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
58:
49:
42:
38:
34:Smalls Jazz Club
21:
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2227:
2208:"New York Beat"
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2178:"New York Beat"
2176:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2128:"New York Beat"
2126:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2065:
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2034:
2024:
2022:
2003:"New York Beat"
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1963:
1962:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1899:
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1887:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1832:"New York Beat"
1830:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1782:"New York Beat"
1780:
1779:
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1278:, p. 1121.
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1015:
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992:
982:
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971:
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945:
941:, p. 1120.
937:
924:
914:
912:
897:
893:
885:
876:
866:
864:
843:
842:
835:
831:
826:
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819:Polydor Records
812:
808:
803:
799:
790:
786:
781:
777:
764:
760:
755:
708:
669:The Black Venus
642:
610:
566:
564:After the Twist
556:Another Country
543:
503:
497:for breakfast.
486:
455:
423:
418:
394:Albert Einstein
338:
334:
267:Sidney De Paris
251:Charlie Johnson
235:
203:
199:
157:Smalls Paradise
138:
136:
110:
108:
104:
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61:
40:Smalls Paradise
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3495:
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3466:|journal=
3444:
3419:
3413:
3398:
3392:
3377:
3360:
3345:
3339:
3322:
3299:Ebony Magazine
3290:
3284:
3269:
3263:
3248:
3231:
3216:
3199:
3184:
3151:
3133:
3118:
3112:
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3080:
3065:
3059:
3044:
3027:
3012:
2995:
2980:
2963:
2948:
2931:
2916:
2904:Ebony Magazine
2895:
2889:
2874:
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2836:
2821:
2804:
2789:
2772:
2757:
2751:
2736:
2719:
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2671:
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2666:
2664:
2663:
2633:
2607:
2581:
2555:
2529:
2517:
2478:
2452:
2450:, p. 195.
2440:
2438:, p. 314.
2425:
2399:
2397:, p. 314.
2387:
2375:
2358:New York Times
2344:
2327:New York Times
2314:
2302:
2285:New York Times
2268:
2251:New York Times
2237:
2199:
2169:
2167:, p. 356.
2157:
2119:
2107:
2105:, p. 112.
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2044:
2042:, p. 128.
2032:
1994:
1947:
1945:, p. 442.
1935:
1923:
1906:"Here and Now"
1897:
1893:Pomerantz 2010
1885:
1873:
1869:Pomerantz 2010
1861:
1823:
1821:, p. 395.
1811:
1773:
1758:
1720:
1708:Newspapers.com
1683:
1671:Newspapers.com
1642:
1611:
1599:
1573:
1561:Newspapers.com
1532:
1520:
1518:, p. 337.
1508:
1506:, p. 401.
1496:
1484:
1482:, p. 246.
1480:Kirschner 2005
1472:
1460:Newspapers.com
1446:. p. 10.
1430:
1418:Newspapers.com
1389:
1387:, p. 263.
1377:
1365:Newspapers.com
1336:
1324:Newspapers.com
1295:
1280:
1259:
1257:, p. 910.
1247:
1235:
1218:
1201:New York Times
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1113:
1109:Kirschner 2005
1101:
1099:, p. 271.
1097:Kirschner 2005
1089:
1070:
1034:
1022:Newspapers.com
990:
964:
943:
922:
905:New York Times
891:
889:, p. 271.
874:
832:
830:
827:
824:
823:
806:
797:
784:
775:
757:
756:
754:
751:
750:
749:
739:
729:
721:
707:
704:
694:, produced by
641:
638:
609:
606:
586:Millie Jackson
565:
562:
553:'s 1962 novel
534:United Nations
502:
499:
491:Wes Montgomery
454:
451:
422:
419:
417:
414:
367:Billie Holiday
263:Jimmy Harrison
234:
231:
159:(often called
152:
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133:
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128:
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119:
118:
86:
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79:
71:
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26:
9:
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2:
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3496:
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3471:
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3406:
3405:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:. Macmillan.
3331:
3330:
3323:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:. McFarland.
3277:
3276:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3249:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3223:
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3206:
3202:
3196:
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3185:
3173:
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3157:
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3140:
3136:
3130:
3126:
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3119:
3115:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3098:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3053:. Routledge.
3052:
3051:
3045:
3034:
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3024:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2988:
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2829:
2828:
2822:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2790:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:. Routledge.
2765:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2705:
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2651:
2647:
2643:
2637:
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2617:
2611:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2526:
2525:Richards 2005
2521:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2449:
2448:Balliett 2006
2444:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2396:
2391:
2385:, p. 60.
2384:
2379:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2312:, p. 53.
2311:
2310:Chevigny 2005
2306:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2165:Bogdonav 2003
2161:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2117:, p. 61.
2116:
2111:
2104:
2103:Thompson 2001
2099:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2041:
2036:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1944:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1877:
1871:, p. 17.
1870:
1865:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1770:
1769:Robinson 1964
1765:
1763:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1716:
1709:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1672:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1609:, p. 14.
1608:
1603:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1569:
1562:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1524:
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1512:
1505:
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1493:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1468:
1461:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1426:
1419:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1386:
1381:
1373:
1366:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1332:
1325:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1293:, p. 67.
1292:
1287:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1233:, p. 74.
1232:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1185:, p. 42.
1184:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1147:Williams 2002
1143:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1085:Williams 2016
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1060:
1044:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1011:
1007:
1003:
997:
995:
978:
974:
968:
962:, p. 86.
961:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
940:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
910:
906:
902:
895:
888:
883:
881:
879:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
840:
838:
833:
820:
816:
810:
801:
794:
788:
779:
772:
771:Robert Smalls
768:
762:
758:
747:
743:
740:
737:
736:Babs Gonzales
733:
730:
727:
726:
722:
719:
715:
714:
710:
709:
703:
701:
697:
693:
692:
686:
684:
680:
675:
672:
670:
666:
665:
664:Nigger Heaven
660:
652:
651:
646:
637:
635:
631:
626:
624:
614:
605:
603:
599:
593:
591:
587:
582:
580:
575:
571:
561:
558:
557:
552:
551:James Baldwin
547:
540:
535:
531:
523:
519:
514:
510:
508:
498:
496:
492:
484:
479:
476:
472:
468:
459:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
427:
416:New ownership
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
379:Herman Autrey
376:
372:
368:
358:
354:
352:
347:
342:
330:
328:
324:
315:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:Hot Feet Club
293:
292:Elmer Snowden
290:Banjo player
288:
286:
282:
281:
276:
272:
271:Sidney Bechet
268:
264:
260:
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233:Early history
230:
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177:New York City
174:
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87:
85:
81:
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68:
64:
57:
52:
48:
43:
35:
30:
19:
3605:. Retrieved
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3553:
3532:
3520:. Retrieved
3500:
3479:
3457:cite journal
3436:. Retrieved
3427:
3403:
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3350:
3328:
3315:. Retrieved
3298:
3274:
3253:
3241:. Retrieved
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3189:
3176:. Retrieved
3160:Jet Magazine
3159:
3143:. Retrieved
3123:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3070:
3049:
3037:. Retrieved
3017:
3005:. Retrieved
2985:
2973:. Retrieved
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2921:
2903:
2879:
2858:
2846:. Retrieved
2826:
2814:. Retrieved
2794:
2782:. Retrieved
2762:
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2709:
2697:. Retrieved
2677:
2654:. Retrieved
2645:
2636:
2624:. Retrieved
2610:
2598:. Retrieved
2590:"Cool Blues"
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2558:
2546:. Retrieved
2532:
2520:
2508:. Retrieved
2491:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2455:
2443:
2416:. Retrieved
2402:
2395:Chilton 1985
2390:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2357:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2326:
2317:
2305:
2293:. Retrieved
2284:
2259:. Retrieved
2250:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2212:Jet Magazine
2211:
2202:
2190:. Retrieved
2182:Jet Magazine
2181:
2172:
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2132:Jet Magazine
2131:
2122:
2110:
2098:
2086:
2079:Leeming 2015
2074:
2062:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2007:Jet Magazine
2006:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1969:Jet Magazine
1968:
1938:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1900:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1836:Jet Magazine
1835:
1826:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1786:Jet Magazine
1785:
1776:
1749:. Retrieved
1733:Jet Magazine
1732:
1723:
1706:– via
1700:. Retrieved
1686:
1669:– via
1663:. Retrieved
1654:
1645:
1633:. Retrieved
1624:
1614:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1576:
1559:– via
1553:. Retrieved
1544:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1492:Shipton 2010
1487:
1475:
1458:– via
1452:. Retrieved
1443:
1433:
1416:– via
1410:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1380:
1363:– via
1357:. Retrieved
1348:
1339:
1322:– via
1316:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1250:
1238:
1209:. Retrieved
1200:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1130:. Retrieved
1116:
1104:
1092:
1047:. Retrieved
1037:
1020:– via
1014:. Retrieved
1005:
981:. Retrieved
967:
913:. Retrieved
904:
894:
865:. Retrieved
849:Jet Magazine
848:
809:
800:
793:Owney Madden
787:
778:
761:
741:
731:
723:
711:
689:
687:
678:
676:
673:
668:
662:
656:
648:
627:
619:
598:Jerry Butler
594:
589:
583:
567:
554:
549:When author
548:
527:
522:Slappy White
504:
480:
464:
435:Tommy Smalls
432:
421:Tommy Smalls
402:Paul Robeson
383:
363:
343:
331:
327:Connie's Inn
320:
304:Tommy Dorsey
300:Glenn Miller
289:
278:
259:Benny Carter
248:
236:
229:since 2004.
211:Tommy Smalls
208:
193:
184:
164:
160:
156:
155:
29:
3438:February 1,
3383:Fats Waller
2656:February 1,
2626:February 1,
2618:. Discogs.
2600:February 1,
2574:February 1,
2548:February 1,
2368:February 1,
2337:February 1,
2295:February 1,
2261:February 1,
2091:Eckman 2014
1943:Hughes 2002
1916:February 7,
1702:February 1,
1665:February 1,
1635:February 1,
1592:February 1,
1555:February 1,
1454:February 1,
1412:February 1,
1385:Cullen 2007
1359:February 1,
1318:February 1,
1291:Clarke 2009
1211:February 1,
1183:Deffaa 1992
1016:February 1,
983:February 1,
960:Malone 1996
915:February 1,
746:King Curtis
718:Jimmy Smith
539:King Curtis
495:Grant Green
483:Pat Martino
471:Ray Charles
443:Willie Mays
410:McCarthyism
371:Fats Waller
323:Cotton Club
275:Sam Wooding
255:Jabbo Smith
240:Prohibition
109: /
84:Coordinates
3620:Categories
3607:2021-03-02
3575:2021-03-02
3522:2016-03-18
3449:"Dr. Jive"
3372:2021-03-02
3317:2021-03-02
3243:2016-03-18
3211:2021-03-02
3145:2021-03-02
3092:2016-03-18
3039:2021-03-02
3007:2021-03-02
2975:2016-03-18
2943:2021-03-02
2848:2021-03-02
2816:2021-03-02
2784:2016-03-18
2731:2021-03-02
2699:2021-03-02
2436:Yanow 2004
2115:Lucas 1977
2055:Ebony 1962
1881:White 2011
1231:Ogren 1992
1171:Dance 2001
829:References
725:Cool Blues
608:Last dance
579:Commodores
516:Comedians
439:Alan Freed
308:Buddy Rich
244:bootlegged
196:Charleston
97:73°56′39″W
94:40°48′55″N
75:7th Avenue
3307:0012-9011
3168:0021-5996
2912:0012-9011
2500:0028-7369
2383:Shaw 1989
2220:0021-5996
2140:0021-5996
2015:0021-5996
1977:0021-5996
1844:0021-5996
1819:Gill 2011
1794:0021-5996
1741:0021-5996
1516:Gill 2011
1243:Gill 2011
1132:March 18,
1049:March 12,
887:Gill 2011
857:0021-5996
623:Lindy Hop
602:The Dells
475:Redd Foxx
386:Malcolm X
173:Manhattan
126:Ed Smalls
18:Ed Smalls
3601:Archived
3569:Archived
3516:Archived
3432:Archived
3366:Archived
3311:Archived
3237:Archived
3205:Archived
3178:March 2,
3172:Archived
3139:Archived
3086:Archived
3033:Archived
3001:Archived
2969:Archived
2937:Archived
2842:Archived
2810:Archived
2778:Archived
2725:Archived
2693:Archived
2650:Archived
2646:AllMusic
2620:Archived
2594:Archived
2568:Archived
2542:Archived
2540:. IMDB.
2510:March 7,
2504:Archived
2471:March 7,
2465:Archived
2463:. IMDB.
2418:March 7,
2412:Archived
2410:. IMDB.
2362:Archived
2331:Archived
2289:Archived
2255:Archived
2230:March 7,
2224:Archived
2192:March 7,
2186:Archived
2150:March 7,
2144:Archived
2025:March 7,
2019:Archived
1987:March 7,
1981:Archived
1910:Archived
1854:March 7,
1848:Archived
1804:March 7,
1798:Archived
1751:March 7,
1745:Archived
1696:Archived
1659:Archived
1629:Archived
1586:Archived
1549:Archived
1448:Archived
1406:Archived
1353:Archived
1312:Archived
1205:Archived
1126:Archived
1059:cite web
1010:Archived
977:Archived
909:Archived
867:March 7,
861:Archived
384:A young
221:and the
2668:Sources
584:Singer
219:Madison
137: (
70:Address
3593:
3561:
3540:
3508:
3487:
3411:
3390:
3358:
3337:
3305:
3282:
3261:
3229:
3197:
3166:
3131:
3110:
3078:
3057:
3025:
2993:
2961:
2929:
2910:
2887:
2866:
2834:
2802:
2770:
2749:
2717:
2685:
2498:
2494:: 59.
2218:
2138:
2013:
1975:
1842:
1792:
1739:
855:
815:payola
748:(1966)
738:(1963)
720:(1957)
653:poster
544:
530:BBC-TV
487:
375:Victor
339:
335:
285:Berlin
204:
200:
169:Harlem
147:Closed
132:Opened
753:Notes
507:Twist
223:Twist
150:1980s
122:Owner
73:2294
3591:ISBN
3559:ISBN
3538:ISBN
3506:ISBN
3485:ISBN
3470:help
3440:2016
3428:Time
3409:ISBN
3404:Funk
3388:ISBN
3356:ISBN
3335:ISBN
3303:ISSN
3280:ISBN
3259:ISBN
3227:ISBN
3195:ISBN
3180:2021
3164:ISSN
3129:ISBN
3108:ISBN
3076:ISBN
3055:ISBN
3023:ISBN
2991:ISBN
2959:ISBN
2927:ISBN
2908:ISSN
2885:ISBN
2864:ISBN
2832:ISBN
2800:ISBN
2768:ISBN
2747:ISBN
2715:ISBN
2683:ISBN
2658:2016
2628:2016
2602:2016
2576:2016
2550:2016
2512:2016
2496:ISSN
2473:2016
2420:2016
2370:2016
2339:2016
2297:2016
2263:2016
2232:2016
2216:ISSN
2194:2016
2152:2016
2136:ISSN
2027:2016
2011:ISSN
1989:2016
1973:ISSN
1918:2016
1856:2016
1840:ISSN
1806:2016
1790:ISSN
1753:2016
1737:ISSN
1704:2016
1667:2016
1637:2016
1594:2016
1557:2016
1456:2016
1414:2016
1361:2016
1320:2016
1213:2015
1134:2016
1065:link
1051:2016
1018:2016
985:2016
917:2016
869:2016
853:ISSN
600:and
574:funk
520:and
493:and
447:WWRL
346:WMCA
325:and
306:and
269:and
206:am.
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