Education in the Philippines

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to over 33,000. Such registration was primarily made up of first- and second-year students, after which attendance decreased. This increase also disproportionately benefited Christian inhabitants of the province, and most staff were Christians from elsewhere in the Philippine Islands. Perhaps less than 10% of Muslim children attended public schools in 1920, with attendance, remaining low throughout the American period. Education was primarily in English, and aimed to introduce American values to the local population. The Department of Public Instruction moved under the control of the National Bureau of Education in 1915. It was fully integrated into the national system by 1922, part of transferring government to local Filipinos as part of a pathway towards independence. Educational materials, when they began incorporating stories and cultural aspects from the Philippines, represented the mainstream Christian narrative. Under the

2776: 37: 2561: 1001:—one year of Kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four years of junior high school education, and two years of senior high school education—became effective on April 24, 2012; the K–12 also included a new curriculum for all schools nationwide. To guarantee continuity of the K–12 Program in the succeeding years, Kindergarten was formally made compulsory by the Kindergarten Education Act of 2012, while the further twelve years were institutionalized by the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. The 1945 K–10 system was entirely phased out on June 5, 2017 upon K–12 became effective in Grade 6, ending the 9-year implementation process of the K–12 curriculum that spanned from the administrations of 2157:. These will make up 15 core courses with the same contents and competencies but with allowed contextualization based on the school's location despite specializations of tracks and strands. Track subjects will be divided into Applied or Contextualized and Specialization Subjects. There would be 7 Applied Subjects with competencies common to tracks and strands or specializations but with different contents based on specialization. There would be 9 Specialization Subjects with unique contents and competencies under a track or strand. Applied subjects include English for Academic and Professional Purposes, Practical Research 1, Practical Research 2, Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion, 2253: 9167: 969: 752: 2866: 907:

or the Higher Education Act of 1994, created the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), which assumed the functions of the Bureau of Higher Education and supervised tertiary degree programs Republic Act 7796 or the Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994, created the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), which absorbed the Bureau of Technical-Vocational Education as well as the National Manpower and Youth Council, and began to supervise non-degree technical-vocational programs. Meanwhile, the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports retained all elementary and secondary education responsibilities.

2109:) offers a specialized and exclusive curricular program. Students from PHSA must maintain grades in their art field of specialization to continue studying in the institution. Only SPA students can enroll in PHSA for the second year after passing the exclusive test, auditions, and interviews. These schools offer scholarships for students with high aptitude and talents in science fields or the art fields, granting those who pass rigorous and exclusive tests many unique benefits like free board and lodging, free books, a monthly stipend, and classes taught by experts, masters, and active practitioners of their respective fields among others. 7583: 2748: 2221: 2006: 32: 9174: 8254: 7590: 2959: 2030:), consists of 4 lower and two upper levels: the lower exploratory high school system called "junior high school" (grades 7–10), and the upper specialized high school system called "senior high school" (grades 11 and 12). There are also science secondary schools for students who have demonstrated a particular gift in science at the primary level as well as special secondary schools and special curricular programs. Prior to the K–12 system, high school consisted of only four groups, with each level partially compartmentalized, focusing on a particular theme or content. 2701: 2276:(RSHS) administered by the DepEd have biology, chemistry, and physics at every level or exclusive and advanced science and math subjects as subjects in technology, pre-engineering, and research. PSHS or RSHS students may transfer to a STEM program school but not the way around. PSHS students may assign to an RSHS and vice versa only for the incoming sophomore year. PSHS and RSHS students must maintain an average grade, especially in their advanced sciences and math subjects, on a quarterly basis or continue their education in these schools. 2448: 708:

need for skilled workers. High schools were created to meet this new job demand, and the curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for professional white-collar or skilled blue-collar work. This proved beneficial for both the employer and the employee; the investment in human capital caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than those employees with just primary educational attainment.

10956: 27: 2951: 800:, elementary schools, followed by vocational and regular schools, reopened. Colleges offering agriculture, medicine, fisheries, and engineering courses also resumed teaching. However, law courses were not instructed. Textbook passages concerning American ideologies of democracy were censored. Educational reforms required teachers to obtain licenses following rigorous examinations. All heads of educational institutions were also required to get support. Also, the teaching of 1057: 311: 10967: 9946: 9502: 8575: 7943: 1850: 9956: 2350: 2895: 440: 2978:(HRMI) finds that the Philippines is fulfilling 79.0% of what it should be for the right to education based on the country's income level. HRMI breaks down the right to education by examining the rights to both primary and secondary education. While considering the Philippines' income level, the nation is achieving 87.8% of what should be possible based on its resources (income) for primary education but only 70.2% for secondary education. 9538: 8611: 7979: 2716:

the diagnostic test; a specific number of hours is required of the student to finish the program. There will be a final assessment to test the student's comprehensive knowledge. If the student passes, they will be given a certificate signed by the DepEd secretary, allowing them to apply for college degrees, work, and formal training programs. The student can re-enroll in elementary/secondary education in formal teaching institutions.

9550: 8623: 7991: 9526: 8599: 7967: 1914:; English language was used for English, Science and Technology, Home Economics, and Livelihood Education. In July 2009, the DepEd ordered all elementary schools to implement mother-tongue-based instruction (from grades 1–3), with Filipino and English languages to be phased in as the language of instruction. A few private schools mainly catering to the elite include Spanish in their curriculum. In December 2007, President 8247: 9514: 8587: 7955: 1666:. Kindergarten then became compulsory three years later on June 6, 2011, as a requirement for the effectivity of K–12 and start of phasing out process the 1945 or K–10 system on April 24 of the following year upon the start of the next school year (SY 2012–2013). On April 24, 2012, the K–12 became effective where the new curriculum was implemented on Grades 1 and 7 (with the latter changing from 2486:). By law, the school year can begin as early as June or as late as August. In 2020, owing to the COVID pandemic, the school year moved for the first time to a shorter term beginning October of 2020 and ending in June of 2021. The 2021-22 calendar finally returned to the dates mentioned by law with August of 2021 as its opening, bringing the year in line with the university academic calendar. 2686:(NAT) is being administered for grades 3, 6, 10, and 12. Neither the NSAT nor NAT has been used as a basis for being offered admission to higher education institutions, partly because pupils sit them at almost the end of their secondary education; instead, HEIs, both public and private, administer their own entrance examinations. Vocational colleges usually do not have entrance examinations. 2626: 516:

schools was 135,098 for boys and 95,260 for girls. In 1892, the number of schools had increased to 2,137, of which 1,087 were for boys and 1,050 for girls. By 1898, enrollment in schools at all levels exceeded 200,000 students. There was some opposition to universal education from Spanish priests; only 1.6% of the population gained more than primary school education.

2647:(CHED). As of 2020, there are over 1,975 higher education institutions (HEIs) in the country (excluding satellite campuses of state universities and colleges), classified into public and private institutions. There are 246 public higher education institutions which account for 12% of all HEIs; private institutions number at 1,729, accounting for 88% of all HEIs. 2212:. Students will be trained with lectures and immersions in art appreciation, production, and performing arts. They will also learn and be prepared with physical and personal development, integrating elements and principles of art and building cultural and national identity in arts. Students also will be immersed in an art field of their choice. 2240:

home industry, and 'non-traditional' courses while offering a host of specializations. Students study a general vocational area from the five main fields mentioned during the first two years. During the third and fourth years, they specialize in a discipline or vocation within that area. Programs contain a mixture of theory and practice.

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recommended a shift to the American system: six years (instead of seven) for elementary, three years of junior high school, and three more years of senior high school, for 12 years of basic education. The transition began with the removal of Grade 7 from elementary, but the addition of two years in high school was never completed.

2592:(PE) uniforms at designated days each week, students of secondary schools and higher learning institutions with CAT (Citizen's Advancement Training) or National Service Training Program memberships may wear the uniform of their chosen track. Schools may also prohibit students from wearing make-up, jewelry or certain hairstyles. 2658:(LUCs), and Other Government Schools (further composed of OGS, CSI , and Special HEIs). SUCs are administered and financed by the national government as the Philippine Congress determines. LUCs are funded and established through ordinances and resolutions by local government units governing its area. Special HEIs, such as the 900:, the fundamental aims of education in the Philippines were defined, and most importantly, elementary schooling was made compulsory for all children. Meanwhile, the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 or Republic Act 6655 mandated free public secondary education commencing in the school year 1988–1989. 2094:(TVL). These programs offer comprehensive secondary education in a particular academic or career pathway field. Because of being career-pathway oriented, unique and advanced subjects are provided in place of TLE subjects and sometimes include even more time and topics for specialized learning and training. 3583:

Asamblea Filipina, Tercera Legislatura, Tercer Período de Sesiones, Documento N. 4042-A 87, Discursos del Hon. Manuel L. Quezon, comisionado residente de Filipinas, Pronunciados en la Cámara de representantes de los Estados Unidos con motivo de la discusión del Bill Jones, 26, septiembre-14, octubre,

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Private HEIs are established and governed by special provisions by a Corporation Code and are classified as sectarian and non-sectarian. Sectarian HEIs are non-profit institutions owned and operated by religious organizations. Non-sectarian institutions are owned and operated by private entities that

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Science high schools are special schools for the more intellectually promising students to foster the problem-solving approach of critical thinking. As separate high schools, they have specific characteristics not found in regular high schools. However, any private or public high school can aspire to

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Upon completing grade 10 of Junior High School, students can obtain Certificates of Competency (COC) or the vocationally oriented National Certificate Level I (NC I). After finishing a Technical-Vocational-Livelihood track in grade 12 of Senior High School, a student may obtain a National Certificate

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Until 2004, primary students traditionally took the National Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) administered by the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS). The NEAT was intended to measure a school's competence, not as a predictor of student aptitude or success in secondary school; hence,

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The start of the twenty-first century saw a significant change in the Philippine education system. In August 2001, Republic Act 9155, otherwise called the Governance of Basic Education Act, was passed. This act changed the department's name to the current Department of Education (DepEd) and redefined

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According to the 1991 report by the Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM), the department was recommended to be divided into three parts. Thus, the passage of the Republic Acts 7722 and 7796 in 1994 led to the "tri focalization" of the educational system in the Philippines. Republic Act 7722,

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The Educational Decree of 1863 provided a free public education system in the Philippines, managed by the government. The decree mandated the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and one for girls in each town under the municipal government's responsibility and the establishment of a

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Boys usually wear a collared shirt with pants or shorts (usually up to elementary level), and black leather shoes and white socks. Girls usually wear a collared blouse, with or without a necktie or ribbon, a calf-length skirt or jumper dress, and black shoes and white socks. Colors used usually vary

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The Sports track will prepare students with sports science, sports-related, physical education-related, health-related, and movement-related courses. This will be with safety and first aid systems, fitness testing and basic exercise programming, psychosocial aspects of sports and exercise, and human

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then adopted the position of SB 2294 seven days after the start of the 2010s on January 7, 2010; he said this will "give everyone an equal chance to succeed" and "have quality education and profitable jobs." On June 6, 2011, Kindergarten became compulsory as a requirement for the effectivity of K–12

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program, which received worldwide recognition. As early as 1953, the educational development in the Philippines drew attention from neighbouring Asian countries, with several Asian educators visiting the country to observe and study the vocational industrial schools. The American colonial government

748:. After convening from 1906 to 1918, what was simply an advisory committee on textbooks was officiated in 1921 as the Board on Textbooks through Act No. 2957. However, the Board faced difficulties even up to the 1940s because financial problems hindered the possibility of newer adaptations of books. 2715:

Although similar to formal teaching institutions, there will be a diagnostic test for any student to gauge their skill level needed per grade level. If a student needs to gain essential skills, such as reading and writing, an additional program is offered to help them learn the basics before taking

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Students are required to go to school for five days (Monday to Friday). School days in most public schools and some of the major private schools are usually divided into morning and afternoon shifts, the former usually beginning 6:00 am and ending at noon, and the latter from noon to 6:00 pm. Urban

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Pre-primary education caters to children aged five; a child aged six could enter elementary school without pre-primary education. Following primary education is four years of secondary education, divided into three years of lower secondary and one year of upper secondary education; ideally, a child

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During the American period, the Philippines had three levels of education: the "elementary" level, which consisted of four primary years and 3 intermediate years; the "secondary" or high school level, consisting of four years; and the "college" or tertiary level. Every child from age 7 was required

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The Education Act of 1982 provided for an integrated system of education covering both formal and non-formal education at all levels. Section 29 of the act sought to upgrade educational institutions' standards to achieve "quality education" through voluntary accreditation for schools, colleges, and

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originally had its own Department of Public Instruction, separate from the national system. Education rapidly expanded, with the number of teachers rising from 74 in 1904 to 239 by 1914. The number of schools rose from 52 in 1904 to 366 in 1920, with a corresponding increase in enrollment from 2114

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However, a steady increase in school enrollment has hindered revisions to the then-implemented experimental educational system. Act No. 1801, also known as Gabaldon Law, was passed in 1907, which provided a fund of a million pesos for the construction of concrete school buildings and is one of many

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After implementing the decree, the number of schools and students increased steadily. In 1866, the total population of the Philippines was 4,411,261. The total number of public schools for boys was 841, and the number of public schools for girls was 833. The total number of children attending those

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Poor quality in teaching, questionable teachers' expertise on subjects that they teach, and below-average passing rates in Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) have been identified as major issues in the country's educational system. Elementary teacher LET from 2014 to 2019 revealed an average

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The senior high school will be offered free in public schools. A voucher program will be in place for public junior high school completers and ESC beneficiaries of private high schools should they choose to take Senior High School in private institutions. This means that the burden of expenses for

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Other public or private secondary schools offer specialized curricular programs for students with gifts and talents and aptitude in sciences and mathematics, sports, the arts, journalism, foreign language, or technical-vocational education. These are under the DepEd, with the latter in partnership

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education in the Philippines covers kindergarten and 12 years of primary education to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship. Education is

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filed the Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) to strengthen the Philippine education system through timely interventions on the quality of teachers, the medium of instruction used and the evaluation of students' aptitude, among other aspects. It mandates the effectivity of K–12

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The Japanese created the following educational institutions: the Training Institute for former USAFFE soldiers; the Normal Institute; the Preparatory Institute of Government Scholars to Japan; the Government Employees Training Institute; the New Philippines Cultural Institute; Constabulary Academy

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However, the emergence of high school education in the Philippines did not occur until 1910. It was borne out of rising numbers in enrollment, widespread economic depression, growing demand by big businesses and technological advances in factories, the emergence of electrification, and the growing

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Let us therefore study, my countrymen, for although the art of learning is somewhat difficult, yet if we are persevering, we shall soon improve our knowledge. Other Tagalogs like us did not take a year to learn the Spanish language when using my book. This good result has given me satisfaction and

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The Philippine education system struggles with policy implementation, and many government schools need more classroom space, textbooks, desks and learning equipment, such as libraries, computers and science laboratories. Most government schools with large class sizes run in two or three shifts. A

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Vocational schools offer a higher concentration of technical and vocational subjects besides the core academic subjects studied by students at public high schools. These schools tend to offer technical and vocational instruction in one of five main fields: agriculture, fisheries, trade-technical,

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The Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track includes five current specializations from which TESDA-based courses can be chosen: Home Economics, Agri-Fishery Arts, Industrial Arts, Information and Communications Technology, and TVL Maritime (a Technical-Vocational-Livelihood counterpart of the

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The new Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime Strand is an academic maritime field preparatory strand with pre-engineering courses like pre-calculus, calculus, and physics, as well as one chemistry and introductory maritime course, preparing students who wish to pursue higher education in a maritime-related

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The K–10 system co-existed with the current K–12 curriculum from April 24, 2012, until K–10 was entirely phased out on June 5, 2017, upon the effectivity of K–12 in Grade 6. The last batch of the K–10 elementary and high school students have completed primary and secondary education at the end of

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Formal education is the hierarchically structured, chronologically graded 'education system', running from primary school through the university and including, in addition to general academic studies, various specialized programs and institutions for full-time technical and professional training.

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as part of the process because prior to the new K–12 on the said date of April 2012 while the process was ongoing, the Philippines was the only country in Asia and one of the three countries worldwide with a 10-year pre-university cycle (Angola, Djibouti and Myanmar); the national government and

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A series of revisions (in terms of content, length, and focus) to the curriculum began in 1925 when the Monroe Survey Commission released its findings. After failed attempts on implementing the curriculum, the process of implementing the K–12 curriculum finally started on May 20, 2008 during the

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The Department of Education has proposed a budget of PHP758.6 billion for 2024, an increase of PHP36.8 billion. The increase is only 39% of the increase the department received in 2022-2023. The Philippine High School for the Arts, the National Museum, and other agencies under the Department of

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Non-formal technical and vocational education (such as centre-based programs, community-based programs and enterprise-based training, or the Alternative Learning System (ALS)) is assumed by institutions usually accredited by TESDA. These institutions may be government operated, often by a local

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While there have been recognized Islamic schools—i.e., Ibn Siena Integrated School (Marawi), Sarang Bangun LC (Zamboanga), and Southwestern Mindanao Islamic Institute (Jolo)—their Islamic studies curriculum varies. With the Department of Education-authorized SMC, the subject offering is uniform

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In selective schools, various languages may be offered as electives, like in an SPFL program, and other subjects, such as computer programming and literary writing, like in STEM schools or Laboratory High Schools. Chinese schools have language and cultural electives. International Schools offer

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The K–10 system was used for 72 years from May 28, 1945 until K–12 curriculum became effective in Grade 6 on June 5, 2017. The K–10 consisted of one-year non-compulsory preschool education, six-year compulsory elementary education, and four-year compulsory high school education. Although public

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About a year after securing Manila, the Americans were keen to open up seven schools with army service members teaching with army command-selected books and supplies. In the same year, 1899, more schools were opened, this time with 24 English-language teachers and 4500 students. In that system,

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There are 876,842 public school teachers in the Philippines as of 2021. The teacher-learner ratio in Philippine public schools in 2020 was 1:28 in public elementary schools, 1:25 in junior high school, and 1:29 in senior high school. There are 500,000 teaching and non-teaching staff members in

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The alternative learning system (ALS) in the Philippines caters to the needs of those unable to access formal education or those that have yet to receive proper instruction from traditional education institutions for various reasons. According to DepEd, ALS is a laddered and modular non-formal

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Senior high school "completes" primary education by ensuring the graduate is equipped for work, entrepreneurship, or higher education. The old high school curriculum includes core classes and specialization classes based on student choice of specialization. Students may choose a field based on

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An Act Promoting Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education by Providing for Free Tuition and Other School Fees in State Universities and Colleges, Local Universities and Colleges and State-Run Technical Vocational Institutions, Establishing the Tertiary Education Subsidy and Student Loan

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Students graduating from the elementary level automatically enroll in junior high, which covers four years from grades 7 to 10. Some private secondary schools have competitive entrance requirements based on an entrance examination. Entrance to science, art, and schools with special curricular

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the role of field offices (regional offices, division offices, district offices and schools). The act also provided the overall framework for school empowerment by strengthening the leadership roles of principals and fostering transparency and local accountability for school administrations.

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A prevalent issue the Philippine educational system continuously encounters is the affordability of education. A significant disparity in academic achievements is evident across various social groups. Students from low-income families have higher drop-out rates at the elementary level.

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K–12 and tertiary education from colleges are characterized as formal education. This does not include the informal education in the Philippines learned from daily experience, the educative influences and resources in their environment, or alternative learning systems provided by the

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and legislated by Act No. 74. The law exposed a severe shortage of qualified teachers by large enrollment numbers in schools. As a result, the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring more than 1,000 teachers from the United States, called the

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Philippine Assembly, Third Legislature, Third Session, Document No.4042-A 87 Speeches of Honorable Manuel L. Quezon, Philippine Resident Commissioner, delivered in the House of Representatives of the United States during the discussion of Jones Bill, 26 September – 14 October

1899:, except for Filipino and English subjects; the mother tongue is also a separate subject for grades 1–3. English and Filipino are taught with a focus on "oral fluency". By grade 3, English and Filipino are gradually introduced as languages of instruction for other subjects. 2662:, offer programs related to public service and are administered through the use of specific laws that were created for them. Finally, government schools are public secondary and post-secondary technical-vocational education institutions that offer higher education programs. 2118:

aptitude, interests, and school capacity. Classes or courses are divided into Core Curriculum Subjects and Track Subjects. All subjects (core, applied, and specialized) have 80 hours per semester each, except for Physical Education and Health, having 20 hours per semester.

953:) was implemented. The 2010 SEC, which focused on teaching and learning for understanding, was scheduled to be progressively mainstreamed from 2010 to 2014; however, it was only effective until June 1, 2015, and was phased out when the K–12 program of Arroyo's successor, 2098:

electives or subjects like writing, culture, history, language, art, or a particular subject unique to the school. Preparatory schools like technical vocational schools or schools with TVL Programs usually add some business, entrepreneurship, and accountancy courses.

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There needs to be a significant match between educational training and actual jobs. This stands to be a major issue at the tertiary level. It is, furthermore, the cause of the continuation of a substantial amount of educated yet unemployed or underemployed people.

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and became effective on April 24, 2012 as part of the process, comprises kindergarten and 12 years of primary and secondary education, all of which are compulsory. Students also have the option to enroll in higher education programs to earn a baccalaureate degree.

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Formal technical and vocational education starts in secondary education, with a two-year curriculum, which grants access to vocational tertiary education. However, non-formal technical and vocational education is also provided as alternative learning programs.

340:). In most communities, stories, songs, poetry, dances, medicinal practices and advice regarding all sorts of community life issues were passed from generation to generation, primarily through oral tradition. Some communities utilized a writing system known as 2876:

As of 2023, there are 327,851 school buildings in the country, 104,536 of which are in good condition. The 2019 National School Building Inventory reported a shortage of 167,901 classrooms in the country. The Senate Committee on basic education estimates that

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government, or run by private organizations. They may offer programs ranging from a couple of weeks to two-year diploma courses. Upon graduating from most of these courses, students take an examination from TESDA to obtain the relevant certificate or diploma.

687:) to train aspiring Filipino teachers. Provincial governments supported the high school system. It included particular educational institutions, schools of arts and trades, an agricultural school, and commerce and marine institutes established in 1902 by the 1653:, which encompasses the 11th and 12th year of the new educational system. Senior high school serves as specialized upper secondary education, where students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice of career 7223:

FOX, HENRY FREDERICK. "OFFICIAL SPANISH POLICY CONCERNING ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES FROM 1863 TO 1898, COMPARED WITH OFFICIAL AMERICAN POLICY FROM 1900 TO 1935" (PhD dissertation, The University of Chicago; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,

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planned to reinstate Spanish as a mandatory subject in all Filipino schools starting in 2008, but this did not come into effect. International English language schools use English as the foundational language. Chinese schools add two language subjects,

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Despite dating back as far as 1925 with the Monroe Survey during the American period, the implementation process of the K–12 curriculum only began in May 20, 2008 with the filing of the Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) by Senator

3571: 2739:, National Commission for Culture and the Arts, and other government agencies to provide adequate and culturally relevant learning to Philippine indigenous peoples. Government agencies are also tasked to develop textbooks and other learning materials. 2677:

and administered by the DepEd. Like its primary school counterpart, NSAT was phased out in November 2001 after significant reorganizations in the education department. Its successors, the National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) (since 2006) and

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will define the content of the subjects a student will take in grades 11 and 12. Because of the shift in the curriculum, the general education curriculum in college will have fewer units, as these subjects taken up in basic education will be removed.

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There are four main types of high school: the general secondary school, which enroll more than 90 per cent of all junior high school students; the general comprehensive high school; the secondary vocational school; and the special secondary school.

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Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) will prepare students for college courses in humanities like languages, mass communication and journalism, literature, philosophy, history, education, liberal arts, and the rest of the humanities and social

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would enter secondary education at the age of 12. After completing secondary education, students may progress to a technical education and skills development to earn a certificate or a diploma within one to three years, depending on the skill.

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During the Japanese occupation, education indoctrinated the public to inculcate Japanese ideologies, causing low enrollment rates. The Japanese Military Administration's Order No. February 2, 17, 1942, had six basic points: the propagation of

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Science and Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) will prepare students for college courses in basic and applied sciences, biological sciences, physical sciences, laboratory sciences, nutrition and allied medicine, mathematics, and

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According to CHED statistics, there were 17,202 foreign nationals studying in various HEIs in the Philippines as of Academic Year 2022–2023. Indians ranked first, with 8,973 students; the rest included Chinese (5,334), and Nigerians (838).

2291:) from the DepEd. Students are also granted a Permanent Record or Form 137-A, listing all classes taken and grades earned. Under the current 2012 K–12 system, the permanent record will be issued after the completion of senior high school. 1016:

was signed by President Duterte, mandating the government through all state universities and colleges (SUCs) to provide free tertiary education for all Filipino citizens. The mandate does not include private schools; however, certain

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issued Executive Order No. 94, which renamed the Department of Instruction into the Department of Education with the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonging to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.

373:, the Spanish language, and Spanish culture. These religious orders opened the first schools and universities as early as the 16th century. Spanish missionaries established schools immediately after reaching the islands. The 1960:

and Mathematics subjects use the spiral progression approach that requires every lesson be taught in increasing complexity in every grade level until grade 10. Other significant subjects include Mother Tongue (grades 1–3);

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During the pre-colonial period, most children are not provided solely vocational training, supervised by parents, tribal tutors or those assigned to specific, specialized roles within their communities (for example, the

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the scores obtained by students in the NEAT were not used as a basis for their admission into secondary school. In 2004, when DECS was officially converted into the Department of Education, the NEAT was changed to the

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A 2021 World Bank report showed that learning poverty in the Philippines was linked to most teachers in the Philippines using ineffective teaching practices, teachers' lack of mastery, as well as teacher absenteeism.

2810:. The law mandated the establishment of a scholarship program for aspiring education students; enhancing the Teacher Education Council; and designation of at least one teacher education institution, recognized by the 9911: 7236:

Quirante, Luceno L. "A study of the policy of centralization of education in the Philippines, 1898-1953" (PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1953. DP70532).

1685:, which aimed to promote the enactment of the fundamental education law and to start the phased implementation of the new curriculum for grades 1 to 10, and for the modelling of the senior high school; Phase III: 3038:

PIDS linked underinvestment in education—including inadequate funding for classroom construction and maintenance, teachers' salaries, teacher training, and teaching materials—to the poor performance of students.

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There are two major school breaks: a semestral break from the last week of October to the first week of November including All Saints Day, and a two-week school break at the 3rd and last weeks of December around

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Accountancy and Business Management (ABM) will prepare students for college courses in business-related careers such as accountancy, business management, business administration, office management, economics, or

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Factora, Agapito Quevedo. "A critical examination of the American school system in the Philippine Islands" (PhD dissertation, University of Southern California; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1940. DP23453).

5312: 2682:(NAT) were administered to 3rd and 4th Year students, respectively, before the implementation of the K–12 system. The National Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) is now being distributed for grade 9, and the 2122:

the additional two years should be borne only partially by parents. All grade 10 completers from a public junior high school who wish to enroll in a private senior high school will automatically get a voucher.

644:(now National University) is a Philippine college that dates from this period and has survived. There also existed for many decades the Rosa Sevilla Memorial School, originally founded on July 15, 1900, as the 663:

primary education consisted of 6 years of elementary and four years of secondary schooling. Until recently, it prepared students for tertiary-level instruction to earn a degree and secure a job later in life.

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Article 23 Any Filipino can create and maintain institutions of instruction or education, in accordance with the established prescriptions.Public instruction shall be obligatory and free of charge in state

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General Academic (GA) is a generic strand for students still deciding what to study in college or what track and strand to take, with the freedom to choose electives from any track or strand offered by the

5899: 2575:

Filipino students at both public and private schools usually wear school uniforms, designated by each individual school. Mandatory school uniforms at public schools were abolished in 2008 under President

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universities. Section 16 and Section 17 upgraded the obligations and qualifications required for teachers and administrators. Section 41 provided for government financial assistance to private schools.

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For their specialization classes, students choose from four tracks: Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; Sports; and Arts and Design. The Academic track includes five strands of specializations:

1263:

to register in schools in their respective town or province; students were given free school materials. Religion was not part of the curriculum of the schools as it had been during the Spanish period.

9921: 2542:

was added in 2021 to the school holidays list, lasting a whole week or just the Easter Triduum at the minimum. Schools may also have additional holidays at the provincial, city and municipal levels.

1902:

Before the adoption of the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) system in 2012, a bilingual policy was used, wherein the medium of instruction was the Filipino language for Filipino,

5863: 5756: 3600:

I have seen with my own eyes many of these schools and thousands of those students. They were not "religious schools," but schools established, supported and maintained by the Government (Spanish).

1709:

later DepEd from 2012 also said the 13-year program is found to be the best period for learning under primary education, and is also the recognized standard for students and professionals globally.

2091: 2197:

Pre-Baccalaureate Maritime of Academic Track). A mixture of specialization courses from these four fields can also be done, depending on the curricular program and schools offering the TVL track.

7398: 6268: 3587: 7556: 2428:-funded Department of Education project Basic Education Assistance for Mindanao (BEAM) has assisted a group of private madaris seeking government permits to operate (PTO) and implement the SMC. 903:

In 1987, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports again became the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports under Executive Order No. 117 and remained practically unchanged until 1994.

3106:(OFWs) who worked abroad at any time from April to September 2014 estimated at 2.3 million. This ongoing mass emigration subsequently induces brain drain alongside grave economic implications. 2046:

The Department of Education specifies a compulsory public and private curriculum for all junior high school students. There are five core subjects: Science, Mathematics, English, Filipino, and

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rated the Philippines' learning poverty at 90.9% for the year 2019, calculated through assessing Grade 5 students ratings in subjects of reading, writing, mathematics, and global citizenship.

989:

four years later on April 24, 2012 which increase in the number of years in basic education, from 10 years to 12 years as consistent with global standards. Senator and presidential candidate

7566: 7551: 7546: 7536: 7526: 852:

The country's education sector underwent several changes throughout the years after the relinquishment of the United States of its authority all over the Philippines in 1947. Then President

2087: 8774: 8739: 8097: 3003:

in 2018 showed that 15-year-old students in the Philippines scored lower in mathematics, science, and reading compared to students from other countries that participated in the survey.

1746:; thus, after grade 1, every student can read in their native tongue. The 12 original mother tongue languages introduced for the curriculum's effectivity on 2012–2013 school year are: 3031:

According to the 2023 Philippine development plan, poor educational outcomes have been caused by "decades of incapacity and suboptimal investment in education." Government think tank

2857:

More than 27.2 million students are enrolled in 2021, 23.9 million of whom are in public schools. An estimated 2 million students aged 16 to 18 were not attending schools as of 2023.

694:

Several other laws were passed throughout the period. In 1902, Act No. 372 authorized the opening of provincial high schools. While in 1908, Act No. 1870 initiated the opening of the

8220: 8210: 1997:(NAT); both public and private elementary schools take this exam to measure a school's competency. As of 2006, only private schools have entrance examinations for secondary schools. 7361: 7355: 5789: 3575: 8225: 8215: 6325: 512:

propaganda tried to depict and current popular media, they were not religious schools; instead, they were schools established, supported, and maintained by the Spanish government.

8749: 5406: 3216: 9916: 2201:

movement. This track will prepare students for careers in sports athletics, fitness, training, recreational leadership, sports event management, coaching, and physical therapy.

2083: 1080:

Basic education is grouped into four key stages: 1st key stage (kindergarten–grade 3), 2nd key stage (grades 4–6), 3rd key stage (grades 7–10) and 4th key stage (grades 11–12).

7271: 1860: 1734:

Schooling is divided into pre-elementary school, primary education, called elementary school, and secondary education, divided into junior high school and senior high school.

1038:, in August 2023. This version of the K–12 reduced the learning areas for students from seven to five, and removed Mother Tongue as a separate subject; it also emphasized a " 4955: 3190: 3136: 2079: 861: 716:

policy of the government, the Reorganization Act of 1916 provided that all department secretaries except the Secretary of Public Instruction must be natural-born Filipinos.

5147: 9885: 5056: 4801: 2666:

have no affiliation with religious organizations. Of the 1,729 institutions as of the Academic Year 2019–2020, 356 (21%) are sectarian, and 1,373 (79%) are non-sectarian.

6041: 6010: 3195: 2075: 5322: 2385:

as part of their curriculum. Religion also plays an integral role in the curriculum. American evangelists founded some Chinese schools, while some have Catholic roots.

1742:

Children usually enter kindergarten at age 5. Pupils are mandated to learn the alphabet, numbers, shapes and colors through games, songs, pictures, and dances in their

8511: 8117: 7349: 2915: 1633:

The current basic education system in the Philippines, with implementation process spanned for 9 years from May 20, 2008 to June 5, 2017 during the administrations of

8897: 7373: 6783: 6214: 2397:, including Arabic Language and Islamic Values in the standard curriculum for Muslim children in public schools. The same order authorized the implementation of the 1674:); the K–10 system was entirely phased out on June 5, 2017, when K–12 was effective on Grade 6 which ended the 9-year implementation process of the new curriculum. 7003: 6928: 2261:

meet these minimum standards and be considered a science high school. These science schools are more exclusive and have higher standards than public high schools.

840:, remained in operation, and the Japanese authorities even increased its student population. A school established during the Japanese period which still exists is 3046:

The Alliance of Concerned Teachers called for setting targets for addressing classroom shortages and proposed raising the salary grade of public school teachers.

9870: 8929: 8179: 5910: 5364: 6849: 6386: 2052:(Social Studies). Other subjects in all levels of junior high school include MAPEH (a collective subject comprising Music, Art, Physical Education and Health), 1719: 4900: 3000: 980:

After decades of surveys, consultations, and studies starting with the Monroe Survey in 1925 during the American period, the 9-year implementation process of

9014: 6695:

Brooks, Melanie; Brooks, Jeffrey (2018). "Culturally (ir)relevant school leadership: Ethno-religious conflict and school administration in the Philippines".

3875: 6107: 5874: 5766: 3131: 2225: 1978: 1074: 284: 60: 6423: 5487: 4773: 2712:

education program for dropouts in elementary and secondary schools. The program enables students to attend classes according to their desired timetables.

2606: 7762: 6506: 5726: 5028: 4996: 4483: 6276: 9400: 8974: 5435: 2269: 1013: 920: 6452: 5973: 728:

filed the Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) and within the process is the curriculum's effectivity on April 24, 2012 during the

8934: 8754: 8734: 7757: 7314: 6074: 3554: 3180: 657: 8195: 5826: 4448:

Japanese Pan-Asianism and the Philippines from the Late Nineteenth Century to the End of World War II: Going to the Philippines Is Like Coming Home?

3781:

Report on the Organization for the Administration of Civil Government Instituted by Emilio Aguinaldo and His Followers in the Philippine Archipelago

1060:

The 13 years of compulsory education in the Philippines is divided into kindergarten, primary education, junior high school, and senior high school.

10905: 6639: 6140: 3072:, students and teachers experienced difficulties due to the lack of gadgets, inadequate allowance for internet fees, and poor internet connection. 2799:. Some private school teachers are paid ₱6,000 monthly. There are pending bills in Congress proposing salary increases for public school teachers. 2312: 612:. The schools maintained by Spain for over three centuries were closed briefly but reopened on August 29, 1898, by the Secretary of Interiors. The 357: 5721: 5598: 5023: 4991: 3243: 10770: 10459: 10230: 5087: 772:, the national curriculum served as a tool to inoculate a single national identity across the diverse ethnolinguistic groups of the archipelago. 10548: 10536: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 8230: 8205: 8092: 7505: 6533: 3102:

is a persistent problem evident in the educational system of the Philippines due to the modern phenomenon of globalization, with the number of

2996: 2728:

The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides for recognizing and promoting indigenous learning systems under Article XIV, Section 2, Paragraph 1.

2204:

The Arts and design track will prepare students for the creative industries in various creative and artistic fields, including but not limited

6812: 4080: 1418:

preschool, elementary, and high school education are free, only primary education is mandatory according to the 1987 Philippine Constitution.

10293: 10101: 8979: 8902: 8283: 8082: 5410: 3141: 2971:

local context of political and socio-religious tensions and a high rate of school principal turnover compound these bureaucratic weaknesses.

2823: 1896: 10298: 9992: 8887: 8769: 8028: 7782: 5981: 5675: 3502:

The Catholic encyclopedia: an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic Church

3185: 3170: 3055: 3032: 2811: 2644: 2106: 314: 276: 54: 5799: 2413:) and the teaching of Arabic and Islamic studies. Islamic schools have a separate subject for Arabic Language and Islamic Values (ALIVE). 10790: 10363: 10256: 10220: 9587: 9152: 8842: 8744: 6335: 3165: 879:, the Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture and, consequently Ministry of Education and Culture through 836:; and the Bureau of Constabulary Academy on Carlock Street in Cebu. During this period, the Philippine Nautical School, now known as the 6173: 4849: 4190: 1704:, justified the 9-year implementation process of K–12 which included the effectivity of the new curriculum on April 24, 2012 during the 10336: 10198: 10096: 10091: 10076: 10071: 9218: 8994: 8852: 8832: 8724: 8695: 7857: 7812: 7139: 5382: 3059: 2655: 2651: 2344: 1689:, which aimed to implement the old high school finally and to signal the end of migration to the new educational system; and Phase IV: 566:, now the Fine Arts College of the University of the Philippines. In 1868, Doña Margarita Roxas de Ayala established the girls' school 509: 299: 295: 10504: 10203: 10063: 9115: 9084: 8660: 8200: 8107: 7521: 7268: 2736: 2695: 2071: 1982: 1022: 6613: 6559: 5637:

Ethno-religious Identification and Intergroup Contact Avoidance: An Empirical Study on Christian-Muslim Relations in the Philippines

4759:

An Act Creating The Technical Education And Skills Development Authority, Providing For Its Powers, Structure And For Other Purposes

10331: 9069: 8496: 7958: 7343: 7054: 3716: 2482:

in basic education centers usually ran from June to March, with an intervening semestral break at the last week of October (around

290:

Private schools are generally free to determine their curriculum in accordance with existing laws and regulations. Institutions of

4966: 10780: 10621: 10210: 9860: 9364: 8939: 8154: 6481: 6357: 5157: 3175: 1989:

is part of the curriculum in Christian and Catholic schools. International schools offer subjects in their language and culture.

508:. Primary education was also declared free and available to every Filipino, regardless of race or social class. Contrary to what 6299: 5546: 5064: 10454: 10161: 10083: 8892: 8786: 8134: 8063: 4671: 2584:

by school, but usually match school colors, and most uniforms incorporate the school's seal, crest or logo. Students also wear

2332: 786: 605: 7982: 6051: 6018: 5090:

Program, Strengthening the Unified Student Financial Assistance System for Tertiary Education and Appropriating Funds Therefor

2775: 10991: 10785: 10643: 10519: 10134: 9835: 9213: 8680: 8278: 8159: 8139: 8048: 7390: 7334: 7307: 6670: 6219: 5950: 5831: 5649: 5443: 4962: 4606: 4460: 4392: 4350:

Islamic Identity, Postcoloniality, and Educational Policy: Schooling and Ethno-Religious Conflict in the Southern Philippines

4288: 4167: 4129: 4029: 3962: 3924: 3859: 3821: 3754: 3730: 3700: 3627: 3535: 3483: 3430: 3399: 3368: 3329: 3287: 2732: 2731:

The national education policy framework for indigenous peoples was signed in 2011 by the DepEd to help promote the rights of

2611: 2265: 1634: 1070: 1002: 946: 721: 519:

Among those who benefited from the accessible public education system were a burgeoning group of Filipino intellectuals: the

272: 48: 10842: 10825: 10677: 10660: 10524: 10271: 10193: 10040: 9426: 9421: 8907: 3065: 2633: 931: 385:

took to the task of improving literacy in 1577, aside from the teaching of new industrial and agricultural techniques. The

6224: 5576: 2966:. Some schools implement shifts in class schedules to compensate for inadequate school buildings, teachers, and materials. 2279:

Students who completed at least four years of secondary education under the 1945–2017 K–10 system were awarded a Diploma (

2105:(PHSA) (which the Cultural Center of the Philippines administers in coordination with the Department of Education and the 10857: 10614: 10567: 10380: 10324: 10035: 10030: 9880: 9034: 8590: 8411: 3126: 2975: 2601: 2102: 2063: 425: 280: 6938: 10820: 10665: 10181: 9304: 9019: 8759: 8087: 7433: 3722: 2519: 2273: 1892:), includes the first six years of compulsory education (grades 1–6) after mandatory preschool education Kindergarten. 837: 9541: 6731:"Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries" 6117: 10626: 10543: 10215: 10171: 10149: 9004: 8164: 8144: 7422: 7367: 6960: 6397: 5488:"Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) and Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) Track – Department of Education" 5352: 5266: 5209: 5116: 4930: 4711: 4658: 4637: 4358: 3669: 3121: 2937: 2511: 641: 486:, a Filipino printer, writer and publisher, sometimes called the "Patriarch of Filipino Printing", wrote his famous " 8614: 5731: 5368: 4908: 1731:

compulsory for all children, and free public education is provided for pre-elementary, elementary, and high school.

10638: 10631: 10489: 10484: 10375: 10188: 10176: 9985: 9517: 9369: 9299: 9294: 9225: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 8989: 8764: 8446: 8359: 8354: 8295: 8273: 8268: 8074: 8021: 7946: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7631: 7626: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7300: 5233:

Secondary Education Regional Information Base: Country Profile – Philippines. Bangkok: UNESCO Bangkok, 2009. 20 pp.

4088: 2819: 2560: 2555: 2538:

are also national school holidays when they fall anywhere within the school year. With the switch of the calendar,

1705: 729: 592:. It was the first orphanage founded by a Filipino and it would later offer academic and vocational instruction. 3883: 868:

Following independence, Islamic schools began to spread in Mindanao, creating a parallel educational structure to

10946: 10875: 10750: 10702: 10599: 10494: 10392: 10276: 10261: 10129: 9580: 9079: 8729: 8705: 8174: 7842: 7495: 5985: 2904: 769: 3912:

The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History

3321:

Serving Library Users from Asia: A Comprehensive Handbook of Country-Specific Information and Outreach Resources

10672: 10474: 10449: 10281: 10050: 10025: 9670: 9431: 9188: 9044: 8799: 8288: 7882: 7725: 7443: 7165: 5491: 4904: 4779: 2752: 2503: 876: 36: 7994: 4491: 3985: 677:, to the Philippines between 1901 and 1902. These teachers were scattered throughout the islands to establish 10895: 10800: 10589: 10584: 10308: 10166: 10058: 9094: 8847: 8716: 8653: 8476: 5436:"Department Order No. 88, s. 2010: 2010 Revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools in Basic Education" 2615: 2300: 2252: 1697: 1638: 1006: 821: 745: 695: 397:. The church and the school cooperated to ensure that Christian villages had schools for students to attend. 268: 5448: 10722: 10717: 10687: 10650: 10553: 10370: 10346: 10266: 10117: 9875: 9406: 9351: 9064: 8984: 8683: 8461: 8051: 7817: 7337: 3019:

passing rate of only 28 percent, while secondary teacher LET showed an average passing rate of 36 percent.

1700:

since the Arroyo administration on May 20, 2008, through the Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008 filed by

897: 733: 684: 574: 562: 132: 7802: 7211: 7029: 6871: 10712: 10707: 10579: 10514: 10469: 10353: 10244: 10225: 10154: 9978: 9009: 8969: 8964: 8578: 8364: 8014: 7847: 7792: 7741: 7082: 5836: 3160: 2673:

Secondary students used to sit for the National Secondary Achievement Test (NSAT), based on the American

2659: 2585: 637: 9166: 8246: 6150: 3269: 10941: 10742: 10697: 10604: 10531: 10437: 10341: 10319: 10144: 10139: 10010: 9573: 9411: 9345: 9324: 9074: 9039: 9029: 8857: 8466: 7892: 7807: 7797: 7438: 7379: 7281: 7109: 6246: 5609: 5033: 5001: 4743:

An Act creating the Commission on Higher Education, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes

2954:

PSHS Main Campus. There is a disparity between rural and urban education facilities in the Philippines.

2865: 2328: 841: 809: 782: 567: 405: 326: 287:(TESDA) for technical and vocational education. Public education is funded by the national government. 5599:"DepEd Order No. 51, s. 2004 – Standards Curriculum for Elementary Public Schools and Private Madaris" 5527: 5094: 3688:

The Propaganda Movement, 1880–1895: The Creation of a Filipino Consciousness, the Making of Revolution

452:

The Spanish also introduced printing presses to produce books in Spanish and Tagalog, sometimes using

10837: 10760: 10655: 10509: 10479: 10464: 10358: 9830: 9795: 9750: 9314: 9089: 8387: 8057: 7485: 6933: 6046: 4878: 4827: 3103: 2683: 2679: 2629: 1994: 829: 732:. The K–12 implementation process and phaseout of the 1945 K–10 curriculum took nine years and three 633: 609: 421: 8626: 1681:, which aimed to implement the universal kindergarten and the development of the program; Phase II: 751: 10815: 10805: 10775: 10727: 10692: 10594: 9720: 9715: 9610: 9602: 9505: 8877: 8701: 8646: 8471: 6189: 5473: 5244: 4092: 1021:

for students enrolled in private higher education institutions are available. In January 2021, the

793:; the diffusion of vocational and elementary education; and "the promotion of the love of labour". 632:

mandated that public education would be free and obligatory in all schools of the nation under the

601: 7254: 4823: 4253: 4021: 3916: 3910: 2747: 10880: 10755: 10412: 9840: 9815: 9730: 9710: 9660: 9630: 9620: 9416: 9054: 9049: 8540: 7852: 7323: 5513: 5148:"DepEd launches adjusted K to 10 curriculum with 'mother tongue' no longer as a separate subject" 2764: 2643:

Tertiary education matters are outside the jurisdiction of DepEd and are instead governed by the

2577: 1915: 1854: 1048:

among students. It will be implemented in phases from 2024 to 2028 on Kinder and Grades 1 to 10.

968: 737: 6424:"[Opinion] Why are salaries of private school teachers so low, and what should be done?" 5683: 4741: 4725: 530: 10910: 10419: 10288: 9926: 9805: 9800: 9680: 9374: 8999: 7837: 7772: 7582: 6965: 6591: 4874: 3954: 3422: 2908: 9553: 5942: 5641: 4727:

An Act establishing and providing for a free public secondary education and for other purposes

4598: 4564: 4452: 4384: 4280: 4226: 4159: 3851: 3845: 3813: 3527: 10795: 9820: 9775: 9755: 9745: 9645: 9359: 9024: 8922: 8837: 8516: 8486: 8456: 8149: 7923: 4539: 4514: 4415: 4348: 4198: 4121: 3785: 3692: 3619: 3506: 3475: 2220: 2010: 2005: 1791: 972:

Republic Act No. 10533, or the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, was signed by President

881: 688: 667: 2244:

Level II (NC II), provided they pass the competency-based assessment administered by TESDA.

10970: 10810: 10397: 10385: 9845: 9760: 9740: 9625: 9615: 9309: 9173: 8867: 8826: 8818: 8406: 8401: 8253: 8169: 8128: 7877: 7752: 7720: 7589: 6174:"Implementation of Alternative Learning System: Basis for Policy Review and Recommendation" 2815: 2304: 1806: 1781: 1776: 1654: 1045: 930:

in assistance to Philippine education, particularly the access to quality education in the

925: 629: 534: 248: 9537: 9259: 8610: 7978: 7212:

Education Profile of the Philippines and Best Practices in Filipino Schools and Classrooms

5179: 2919: 8: 10920: 10832: 9900: 9890: 9825: 9790: 9725: 9705: 9695: 9655: 9640: 9635: 9451: 9253: 8862: 8804: 8794: 8689: 8491: 8396: 7619: 7490: 6998: 6330: 6145: 6112: 6079: 5864:"Table 2. Distribution of Higher Education Institutions by Region and Sector: AY 2019-20" 5794: 4853: 3391: 3217:"Double-digit increases in education, infra, health, social welfare, agri in 2023 budget" 2958: 2759:, established in 1907, is the Philippines' and Asia's pioneer school for the handicapped. 2437: 2374: 2229: 1986: 1834: 1766: 935: 700: 546: 462: 445: 218: 6994:"Learning poverty in the Philippines linked to poor teaching quality – World Bank study" 4803:

Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of the 2010 Secondary Education Curriculum (SEC)

4544:. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. pp. 46–47 2700: 2461:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

2357:

Chinese schools add two subjects to the core curriculum: Chinese communication arts and

2043:

programs is also by competitive analysis, sometimes including interviews and auditions.

556:

Non-Spaniards founded some schools during this period that were not colonial creations.

404:

were opened for boys, ostensibly the equivalent to present-day senior high schools. The

31: 10960: 10682: 9931: 9850: 9810: 9785: 9765: 9700: 9675: 9665: 9650: 9467: 9099: 8882: 8808: 8313: 8037: 7915: 7832: 7659: 7647: 6712: 3586:] (in Spanish), Manila, Philippines: Bureau of Printing, p. 35, archived from 3360: 3288:"The Educational Attainment of the Household Population (Results from the 2010 Census)" 3069: 2802:

To improve the quality of teachers' education in the country, in April 2022, President

2589: 2483: 2378: 2366: 2358: 2138: 1974: 1826: 1761: 1650: 1646: 1587: 1542: 998: 990: 973: 954: 813: 264: 228: 128: 8917: 4512: 192:

2.18 million (public kindergarten schools) + 12.79 million (public elementary schools)

10900: 9955: 9770: 9735: 9690: 9685: 9379: 9319: 9277: 7448: 6716: 6181: 5946: 5645: 5554: 5348: 4707: 4654: 4633: 4602: 4569:. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. p. 193 4456: 4388: 4354: 4284: 4163: 4125: 4025: 3958: 3920: 3855: 3817: 3726: 3696: 3665: 3623: 3531: 3479: 3426: 3395: 3364: 3325: 2838: 2495: 2308: 2299:

Aside from the general public school, other types of schools exist: private schools,

2017: 1967:(EPP) for grades 4 and 5; Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) for grade 6; and 1935: 1873: 1751: 1477: 1308: 1129: 790: 666:

A highly centralized, experimental public school system was installed in 1901 by the

256: 200:

8.75 million (public junior high schools) + 3.82 million (public senior high schools)

124: 4679: 3075:

Students experienced learning loss and increased incidence of mental health issues.

10870: 10765: 9394: 9059: 8506: 8501: 8481: 8426: 8331: 7822: 7677: 6907: 6900:

International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research

6704: 6507:"Bill to increase salaries of public school teachers, non-teaching personnel filed" 5682:. Presidential Communications Operations Office. September 14, 2009. Archived from 3661:

The Modern Principalia: The Historical Evolution of the Philippine Ruling Oligarchy

2527: 2523: 2507: 2316: 2150: 2053: 1977:, and Health (MAPEH). In private schools, separate subjects are offered, including 1924: 1796: 1786: 1771: 1756: 1612: 1241: 869: 833: 801: 621: 490:", which was meant to help Filipinos learn the Spanish language. The prologue read: 471: 467: 457: 362: 291: 6708: 10890: 10885: 10865: 10847: 10499: 10407: 10402: 9474: 9389: 9339: 9247: 9241: 8946: 8669: 8547: 7887: 7867: 7862: 7275: 7258: 6844: 6453:"Overworked, underpaid: Teachers renew cry over low pay, poor working conditions" 5936: 5761: 5705: 5635: 5317: 4592: 4446: 4378: 4274: 4247: 4220: 4153: 4115: 4015: 3948: 3807: 3779: 3686: 3659: 3613: 3521: 3500: 3469: 3416: 3385: 3319: 2830: 2803: 2414: 2370: 2362: 2205: 2154: 1949: 1830: 1822: 1818: 1801: 1743: 1470: 1122: 741: 390: 366: 106: 6269:"DepEd signs national policy framework for indigenous peoples education | GOVPH" 3043:

Education will be subject to substantial budget cuts under the proposed budget.

3035:(PIDS) said that the country has not been spending enough to improve education. 1813:

Seven more mother tongue languages were added during the 2013–2014 school year:

365:

was brought to the Philippines by the Spanish, which was primarily conducted by

8555: 8421: 8319: 7928: 7908: 7827: 7787: 6640:"Gatchalian flags DepEd: More SHS students enrolled but 'still far from ideal'" 5900:"Distribution of Higher Education Institutions by Institution Type: AY 2019-20" 5313:"DepEd adds 7 languages to mother tongue-based education for Kinder to Grade 3" 4117:

Ethics and International Curriculum Work: The Challenges of Culture and Context

1945: 1838: 1814: 1592: 789:; the spiritual rejuvenation of the Filipinos; the teaching and propagation of 557: 6912: 6895: 5584: 3645: 2791:

monthly. As many as 92% of public school teachers receive a monthly salary of

10985: 9949: 9529: 9482: 9441: 9334: 9265: 8813: 8560: 8436: 8431: 8416: 8305: 7970: 7933: 7872: 7653: 7500: 7189: 6817: 6185: 3498: 2842: 2515: 2479: 2324: 2134: 1677:

There were four phases during the implementation of the new system: Phase I:

1602: 1547: 1194: 825: 764: 628:(Literary University of the Philippines) were established. Article 23 of the 538: 501: 369:. Upon learning the local languages and writing systems, they began teaching 294:

are classified as public or private; public institutions are subdivided into

4757: 2546:

public schools may add a mid-day shift to alleviate classroom overcrowding.

2407:. The SMC combines the RBEC subjects (English, Filipino, Science, Math, and 1930:

In public schools, the core subjects introduced starting in grade 1 include

816:; Constabulary Academy No. 2, at the former Araullo High School Building in 526: 9492: 9487: 9436: 9329: 9271: 8565: 7734: 7665: 6564: 5938:

International Education: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Issues and Systems

5213: 5152: 4934: 2950: 2016:

Secondary school in the Philippines, more commonly known as "high school" (

1557: 1512: 1492: 1460: 1164: 1144: 1112: 1035: 939: 853: 579: 542: 495:

encouraged me to print my work, so that all may derive some profit from it.

483: 475: 374: 370: 252: 74: 7292: 6970: 6840:"'Mass promotion', deficient facilities contribute to PH learning poverty" 6587: 5124: 804:, Philippine History, and character education was reserved for Filipinos. 26: 10001: 9959: 9446: 8602: 8325: 7683: 7671: 3099: 2619: 2569: 2535: 2531: 2382: 2209: 2142: 1931: 1577: 1567: 1532: 1522: 1502: 1482: 1361: 1204: 1184: 1174: 1154: 1134: 797: 456:. The first book printed in the Philippines dates back to 1590. It was a 432:, a school meant to prepare them for the life at convent, and another, a 345: 260: 2163:, Empowerment Technologies, Entrepreneurship, and the Research Project. 1973:(synonymous to Ethics, Values or Character Education), and Music, Arts, 1056: 683:

schools. The same law established the Philippine Normal School (now the

310: 9970: 8375: 8369: 5180:"informal, non-formal and formal education – some different approaches" 3777: 3146: 2146: 2130: 817: 756: 673: 589: 382: 6730: 5383:"GMA considering reinstating Castilian as official in the Philippines" 5289:"Should K-12 program be abolished? Angara says law should be followed" 2763:

Schools for the handicapped in the Philippines cater to children with

1849: 1693:, where the implementation of the K–12 education system is completed. 8381: 8337: 8006: 7166:"The Crisis Of Public Education In The Philippines | Liberal Opinion" 6894:

Gumarang Jr., Bernardo K.; Gumarang, Brigitte K. (October 12, 2021).

6753: 6751: 3384:

Hernandez Kahayon, Alicia; Limdico, Magdalena; Santiago, E M (1989).

3244:"Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15-24) - Philippines" 3079: 2539: 2499: 2491: 2349: 2320: 2256:

Philippine Science High School - Eastern Visayas Campus in March 2017

1981:; however, Computer Education is included in EPP and TLE through its 1701: 1663: 1455: 1290: 1107: 985: 919:

In January 2009, the DepEd signed a memorandum of agreement with the

860:

After the war, the public school system was rebuilt by launching the

725: 550: 520: 439: 378: 9565: 6784:"Poverty, hunger prevent Filipino kids from getting basic education" 6588:"Marcos signs law granting more allowance to public school teachers" 3064:

Several schools shut down and student enrollment dropped during the

2767:, including those with visual, hearing, and orthopedic impairments. 8521: 7777: 5117:"Alternative learning system law 'a win for marginalized learners'" 3993: 3221: 2963: 2126: 1920: 1865: 1727: 981: 679: 341: 337: 330: 8638: 7460:

K-12 implementation process (Omnibus Education Reform Act of 2008)

6961:"Gatchalian seeks probe on declining quality of teacher education" 6748: 6534:"Bill seeks to raise public school teachers' pay to at least P30K" 2881:

is needed to build classrooms for the country's education system.

2787:

The starting pay for public school teachers in the Philippines is

1028:

A new "less congested" and "revised" version of K–12, called the "

1025:(ALS) was institutionalized by a law signed by President Duterte. 994:

and start of phasing out K–10 on April 24 of the following year.

640:

hindered its progress. Established in the American-occupied zone,

6896:"Unraveling Deterioration in the Quality of Philippine Education" 5407:"Spanish to be reintroduced as school subject in the Philippines" 5210:"Department of Education. "The K to 12 Basic Education Program."" 4772:

Galvez, James Konstantin; Panti, Llanesca T. (January 15, 2009),

3273: 2962:

Signage showing the different shifts for students in a school in

2402: 2315:. Several foreign ethnic groups operate their schools, including 1957: 1956:

is introduced starting in grade 3. Starting as early as grade 1,

1953: 1895:

From Kindergarten until grade 3, students are taught using their

1619: 1403: 1248: 1034:

curriculum", was launched by the DepEd, headed by Vice President

1018: 712:

attempts by the government to meet this demand. In line with the

505: 413: 7456:

Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008

7287: 4799: 3383: 6880: 5757:"'No uniform' policy also applies to high school - DepEd chief" 4513:

United States International Cooperation Administration (1960).

3847:

English in Southeast Asia: Features, Policy and Language in Use

2637: 2425: 1927:, and may use English or Chinese as the foundational language. 1274:

Education system used from May 28, 1945 to June 5, 2017 (K–10)

584: 422:

University of Santo Tomas, College of Medicine and Pharmacology

409: 394: 386: 184:

27.56 million (public schools) + 1.44 million (private schools)

6560:"Duterte signs law strengthening quality of teacher education" 4069:. Manila: Philippine Historical Association. pp. 115–221. 3414: 1717: 1649:(from the first four years of the 1945–2017 K–10 system), and 10915: 10732: 6758: 6215:"About Alternative Learning System | Department of Education" 3191:

Category:Private universities and colleges in the Philippines

3137:

List of Catholic universities and colleges in the Philippines

2870: 2833:

signed Republic Act No. 11997, granting an initial teacher's

2756: 2705: 2565: 1872:

Elementary school, sometimes called primary or grade school (

572:. Asunción Ventura, a nun, founded in 1885 an orphanage the 7263: 6066: 4956:"K to 12 Basic Education Program Frequently Asked Questions" 4114:

Helfenbein, Robert J.; Mason, Terrence C. (August 1, 2012).

7284:– overview of the technical and vocational education system 6482:"Filipino teachers migrating abroad amid low pay, says ACT" 5057:"Duterte signs into law bill granting free tuition in SUCs" 4698: 4696: 3357:

History of the Philippines: From Indios Bravos to Filipinos

3196:

Category:Military education and training in the Philippines

2070:

with TESDA. These special programs for special schools are

947:

final days of the administration of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

267:(grades 11–12). The educational system is managed by three 7491:

US designation of the Philippines as a major non-NATO ally

7430:

Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004

7246: 6326:"School for deaf, blind named important cultural property" 6300:"An inclusive education that respects indigenous cultures" 6172:

Salendab, Fahad Abdul; Cogo, Donald Albano (May 1, 2022).

5821: 5819: 5817: 4314: 3718:

CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art: Philippine visual arts

3408: 3387:

Panitikang Filipino: kasaysayan at pag-unlad: pangkolehiyo

2125:

There are eight learning areas under the core curriculum:

1077:(TESDA) and other programs from educational institutions. 488:

Librong Pagaaralan nang manga Tagalog nang Uicang Castilla

7735:

Fraud: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and the May 2004 Elections

6042:"CHEd: Most foreign students in PH from India, not China" 5858: 5856: 5854: 4901:"Briefer on the Enhanced K to 12 Basic Education Program" 2674: 2625: 2072:

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Program

1437:

Current education system used since April 24, 2012 (K–12)

7192:, Psa.Gov.Ph, last modified 2016, accessed May 10, 2016. 4693: 4519:. U.S. Operations Mission to the Philippines. p. 50 3082:

were the last countries to resume face-to-face classes.

2377:. Other Chinese schools, called cultural schools, offer 7407: 7251: 5814: 5676:"DepEd-ARMM, BEAM award PTO, CoR to ARMM pilot Madaris" 4875:"Aquino Unveils Agenda for Philippine Education System" 4516:

A Survey of the Public Schools of the Philippines: 1960

1706:

administration of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III

1091:

Education system used from 1901 to May 28, 1945 (K–11)

796:

After having been closed following the outbreak of the

730:

administration of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III

7190:"Overseas Filipinos | Philippine Statistics Authority" 6358:"DepEd Data Bits: Public School Teachers SY 2020–2021" 6015:

The Official Website of Commission on Higher Education

5851: 5267:"K-12 program won't be abolished, says DepEd official" 5085: 4800:

Department Order No. 76, s. 2010 (June 4, 2010),

3499:

Knights of Columbus. Catholic Truth Committee (1913).

3001:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

984:

curriculum finally began on May 20, 2008 when Senator

775: 7356:

Senior Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives

5307: 5305: 4755: 4739: 4723: 2224:

Luciano Millan Memorial School of Arts and Trades, a

1952:

is only taught after the second semester of grade 1;

1645:

The new system divided secondary education into two:

7264:

Technical Education And Skills Development Authority

7140:"Tech woes among top concerns for distance learning" 7083:"2024 education budget: When will government learn?" 6893: 6614:"1 million more students enrolled this year – DepEd" 5707:

1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines

4067:

A Century of Education in the Philippines, 1861–1961

3574:[Public schools during the Spanish regime], 3270:"22.9M students return to public schools nationwide" 3132:

List of universities and colleges in the Philippines

2285:) and a secondary school Certificate of Graduation ( 1426:

School Years 2014–2015 and 2016–2017, respectively.

1075:

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

560:

established in 1823 a fine arts school known as the

285:

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

61:

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

7288:

Overseas Workers Welfare Administration Scholarship

7055:"Government urged to hike investments in education" 6273: