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382:. Upon realizing whom the captive was, Beach released Mrs. Aguinaldo in a gesture of Victorian gentlemanly manners. Several months later, Beach was in command of another squad of Blue Jackets searching ashore for the enemy when he was separated from his men and captured by Filipinos. When Emilio Aguinaldo learned the name of the captured naval officer he ordered Beach released, but not before the two met. They remained lifelong friends, corresponding on a regular basis.
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736:, ascribed her loss to an unexpected tsunami exceeding 100 ft (30 m) in height, as Daniels had been told, and this explanation has been carried forward by most sources discussing her loss. More recent research, however, has called this explanation into question. No record of any seismic event in the Caribbean on 29 August 1916 that could have triggered a tsunami has been found, and the rate of advance of the large wave
666:. By 16:25, water began to enter the ship via her funnels, 70 ft (21 m) above the waterline, putting out the fires in her boilers and preventing her from raising enough steam to get underway. She began to strike the rocky harbor bottom at 16:40, damaging her propellers just as she was raising enough steam to begin moving, and her engines lost steam pressure. At about this time, the giant wave
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washing crewmen overboard. The waves rolled her heavily, caused her to strike the harbor bottom, then pushed her to the beach .5 nmi (0.58 mi; 0.93 km) away. By 17:00, she had been driven under cliffs along the coast of the harbor and was resting on the harbor bottom. She was battered into a complete wreck in 90 minutes.
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had seen approaching over the past hour arrived; she rolled into a deep trough and was struck immediately by three very large waves in rapid succession, the highest of them estimated by the crew to have been 70 ft (21 m) in height, completely swamping her except for her highest points, and
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In 1917, Beach was married for the second time to Marie
Justine Alice Fouché (1888-1970), a Haitian-Dominican woman of French ancestry. She is the daughter of Elisabeth Marguerite Cora Geffrard (1866-1900) and Joseph Philippe Fouché (1859-1899). Her maternal grandmother is Rosa Amelia Heureaux
760:. Such a circumstance appears to explain the loss of the ship better than the tsunami theory. Oceanographer Dr. George Pararas-Carayammis in particular published an extensively detailed rebuttal demonstrating that a tsunami could not have caused the foundering of
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Beach's novels, which were highly popular when they were first printed in the years of 1907 to 1922, were instrumental in planting the seeds for naval careers in the minds of many of the men who served as naval officers during World War II.
872:(1830-1901), a close relative of Dominican presidents Ulises "Lillis" Heureaux (1845-1899), Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina (1891-1961), and Joaquin Antonio Balaguer Ricardo (1906-2002). Beach and his second wife had three children:
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found Beach guilty of "not having enough steam available to get under way on short notice", with the huge waves at the time being considered a byproduct of weather and therefore predictable. In light of the circumstances, however,
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active in the
Caribbean between 12 August and 2 September 1916 passed westward just to the south. Waves generated from these storms could well have combined to create a set of large waves like those that struck and wrecked
768:. This swamped the cruiser, ill-advisedly anchored in only 55 feet (17 meters) of water, and would have done so even had the ship been at full maneuvering power. Pararas-Carayammis concluded that had
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He subsequently participated in the ensuing war with the
Philippines. During that time he was in command of a squad of men that intercepted a Filipino boat carrying the wife of Filipino leader
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During his lifetime, Beach published thirteen novels, all written for young adults. Twelve of the novels constitute volumes in four-book series, all written in the tradition of the
675:, meanwhile, managed to reach safer waters by getting underway and putting to sea through the large waves, although damaged by them and at times in danger of capsizing.
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252:(June 30, 1867 – December 20, 1943) was a United States Navy officer and author. He served in three of the United States' wars, ranging from the
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sighted an approaching 75 ft (23 m) wave of yellow water stretching along the entire horizon. By 16:00, the wave was closer, had turned
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1087:"The Loss of the USS Memphis on 29 August 1916 – Was a Tsunami Responsible? Analysis of a Naval Disaster" by Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
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For a discussion of the lack of evidence for a tsunami and the more compelling evidence for freak wind-generated waves having wrecked
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For a discussion of the lack of evidence for a tsunami and the more compelling evidence for freak wind-generated waves having wrecked
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reported — about an hour to cross the distance from the horizon to the ship — matches that of a wind-generated ocean wave (possibly a
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s punishment was limited to being moved back 20 places on the seniority list, a sentence that was further reduced to five places by
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744:); a tsunami, in contrast, would have covered the distance in only a few minutes. The periods of the three large waves that struck
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been anchored in 100 to 120 feet (30 to 37 meters) of water, she would have ridden out the swells, including the killer wave.
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was published in 2003, having been edited by his son Edward L. Beach Jr., who was also a career naval officer and author.
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1144:. (New York, New York: Holt, Rinear, and Wiston, 1966) Naval Institute Press Classics of Naval Literature 1998 re-print
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A likely source for such large, wind-generated waves in Santo
Domingo Harbor on 29 August 1916 does exist, in that three
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heinonline.org 4 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 520 (1935–1936) Annotations of
Opinions of the Attorney General of the United States
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In 1895, Beach married Lucie
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on June 30, 1867, the son of Joseph Lane Beach and Laura Colton (Osborn) Beach. His father was a lieutenant in the
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and a party of dignitaries on a tour of several South
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as professor of military and naval history. He also served later as City Clerk and
Assessor for the City of
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in the United States Navy on July 1, 1890, and then assigned to engineering duties aboard the cruiser
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of the United States Naval
Institute, said index covering that journal's entries from 1874 to 1901.
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and caught in the harbor by the huge waves, numbered 43 men dead or missing and 204 badly injured.
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In 1899, as the Navy combined its line and engineer officer ranking systems, Beach became a
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was rolling 45°, so heavily that large amounts of water cascaded into the ship via her
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began to roll heavily and
Captain Beach observed an unexpected heavy swell developing.
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and water even was entering the ship via ventilators 50 ft (15 m) above the
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in the early 1900s (decade), spending his spare time writing novels for young adults.
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in color, and had reached about 100 ft (30 m) in height; at the same time,
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Passed Midshipman Beach reported for duty on board the wooden steam sloop of war
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was due for a Navy Yard refit, Beach command was shifted to the armored cruiser
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also are characteristic of large wind-generated waves rather than tsunamis.
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from the State of Minnesota in 1884, and graduated in June 1888 as a Passed
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From Annapolis to Scapa Flow: The Autobiography of Edward L. Beach Sr.
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From Annapolis to Scapa Flow: the Autobiography of Edward L. Beach Sr.
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In tours between duties at sea, Commander Beach taught English at the
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both made preparations to leave the harbor and began to raise steam;
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1051:, p. 149, for another citation of the 100-foot tsunami explanation.
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In November 1918 he was named as commanding officer of battleship
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s casualties, including a boatload of her sailors returning from
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Conditions in the harbor had deteriorated badly by 15:45, when
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which assigned to support American forces ashore during the
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of Britain aboard and was present for the surrender of the
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American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
511:. While his ship was in Haiti, it served as flagship for
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In 1913, now a Commander, Beach's first command was the
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American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
911:. His second wife Alice Fouché is buried next to him.
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also was anchored in the harbor. Shortly after 12:00,
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on the afternoon of 29 August 1916 with two of her 16
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stories—hard work and honesty will lead to success.
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expected to be able to get underway at about 16:35.
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1130:(Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1999)
457:Commander Beach was the secretary-treasurer of the
709:when evidence was presented that the waves were a
617:operating in case she needed to get underway; the
1241:Stanford University Department of History faculty
1116:(Annapolis Maryland: Naval Institute Pres, 2002)
1041:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
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357:Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War
1158:. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 2006.
724:In his detailed 1966 account of the incident,
465:. He also produced the first general index of
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1112:Edward L. Beach Sr. and Edward L. Beach Jr.
507:, participating in peacekeeping missions in
1231:United States Navy personnel of World War I
1128:Salt and Steel: Reflections of a Submariner
876:, John Blair Beach, and Alice Laura Beach.
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903:, on 20 December 1943, and is interred at
260:. He was the father of the future Captain
227:Author, professor, city clerk and assessor
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1177:Captain Edward L. Beach, USN, (1867–1943)
1043:, New York: Mayflower Books, Inc., 1979,
1039:See, for example, Gardiner, Robert, ed.,
1271:Burials at Golden Gate National Cemetery
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546:United States Secretary of the Treasury
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413:Commander Beach served on the monitor
278:and wrote the 1955 best-selling novel
16:Author and United States Naval officer
1181:Dictionary of American Fighting Ships
884:In 1921, Beach joined the faculty of
292:Edward Latimer Beach Sr. was born in
489:United States occupation of Veracruz
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1261:20th-century American male writers
1236:United States Naval Academy alumni
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1013:For a description of the loss of
961:Beach Hall, headquarters of the
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995:Naval Historical Foundation
991:"Admiral Caperton in Haiti"
967:United States Naval Academy
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195:Mare Island Naval Shipyard
1266:American military writers
1246:Writers from Toledo, Ohio
1187:, Department of the Navy.
951:World War I Victory Medal
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461:and published the first
250:Edward Latimer Beach Sr.
110:United States of America
44:Edward Latimer Beach Sr.
1276:American male novelists
1193:by Gordon I. Peterson.
1185:Naval Historical Center
1077:, see Smith, pp. 68–69.
1064:, see Smith, pp. 68–69.
1017:, see Smith, pp. 67–70.
298:Confederate States Army
214:Philippine–American War
941:Haitian Campaign Medal
926:Spanish Campaign Medal
812:German High Seas Fleet
601:was at anchor .5
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420:, the armored cruiser
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347:and the training ship
184:Naval Torpedo Station
936:Mexican Service Medal
909:San Bruno, California
890:Palo Alto, California
786:Newport, Rhode Island
704:Secretary of the Navy
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135:Years of service
1291:Historians from Ohio
1140:Edward L. Beach Jr.
1126:Edward L. Beach Jr.
549:William Gibbs McAdoo
473:Vera Cruz Occupation
427:, the training ship
400:lieutenant commander
367:Spanish–American War
363:Battle of Manila Bay
281:Run Silent, Run Deep
254:Spanish–American War
210:Battle of Manila Bay
205:Spanish–American War
1281:Novelists from Ohio
971:Annapolis, Maryland
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886:Stanford University
874:Edward L. Beach Jr.
856:His autobiography,
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540:. While commanding
516:William H. Caperton
463:Bluejacket's Manual
262:Edward L. Beach Jr.
79:Oakland, California
23:Edward L. Beach Sr.
611:Dominican Republic
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309:U.S. Naval Academy
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579:The wreck of the
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1216:1943 deaths
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921:Dewey Medal
782:World War I
776:World War I
686:in a motor
684:shore leave
467:Proceedings
365:during the
300:during the
258:World War I
256:up through
218:World War I
1205:Categories
1107:References
1000:2007-08-12
957:Beach Hall
880:Retirement
833:California
800:Home Fleet
753:hurricanes
742:rogue wave
715:earthquake
565:battleship
553:Tennessee'
531:Washington
503:Washington
392:lieutenant
386:Promotions
313:Midshipman
171:Washington
98:Allegiance
55:1867-06-30
41:Birth name
793:USS
719:hurricane
664:waterline
660:gun ports
622:USS
571:Tennessee
569:USS
542:Tennessee
536:Tennessee
524:Tennessee
410:in 1914.
404:commander
402:in 1905,
372:Baltimore
302:Civil War
288:Biography
187:USS
179:Tennessee
177:USS
169:USS
162:USS
138:1888–1921
1197:magazine
1195:Seapower
818:Post-war
804:New York
795:New York
538:(ACR-10)
505:(ACR-11)
425:(ACR-13)
396:promoted
343:New York
326:Richmond
189:New York
158:Commands
116:Service/
1075:Memphis
1062:Memphis
1026:Beach,
1015:Memphis
835:(BB-44)
770:Memphis
766:Memphis
762:Memphis
758:Memphis
746:Memphis
738:Memphis
732:s son,
711:tsunami
677:Memphis
673:Castine
668:Memphis
656:Memphis
648:Memphis
641:Memphis
637:Castine
633:Memphis
629:Memphis
624:Castine
619:gunboat
615:boilers
609:in the
599:Memphis
592:Memphis
581:Memphis
557:Memphis
479:collier
423:Montana
408:captain
345:(ACR-2)
152:Captain
1162:
1148:
1134:
1120:
1047:
915:Awards
864:Family
688:launch
485:(AS-4)
483:Vestal
418:(BM-8)
416:Nevada
331:Ensign
271:Triton
164:Vestal
118:branch
107:
86:Buried
81:, U.S.
64:, U.S.
977:Notes
730:'
700:'
698:Beach
680:'
652:ochre
561:'
529:When
509:Haiti
495:Haiti
430:Essex
374:(C-3)
350:Essex
338:(C-4)
1160:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1045:ISBN
635:and
522:USS
501:USS
269:USS
143:Rank
69:Died
49:Born
969:,
907:in
826:on
603:nmi
398:to
1207::
1183:,
1179:,
993:.
973:.
899:,
892:.
788:.
721:.
693:A
567:,
315:.
304:.
284:.
1166:.
1030:.
1003:.
594:.
208:*
57:)
53:(
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