1270:
152:. Egeria's ability to make a long and expensive journey by herself, her numerous acquaintances and attentive guides in the places she visited, and her education indicate her middle or upper class wealthy background. In his letter to Egeria, Valerio mentioned the shores of the "Western sea" or "Ocean" from which Egeria was sprung, which suggests he was writing about a person travelling from the Roman
148:
Sivan, 1988) have pointed out that during Egeria's time it was common to address fellow lay
Christians as "sisters" and "brothers". It is possible that Egeria used the term to address her Christian acquaintances. Valerio may also have believed her to be a nun because she went on such a pilgrimage, although lay women of the time are known to have engaged in such
147:
It is through
Valerio's letter that we first see the name Aetheria or Egeria, and have much of the biographical information. He praises Egeria and identifies her as a nun, perhaps because she addresses her account to her "sorores" (Latin for "sisters") at home. However, others (including Hagith
171:
308:
or
Passion Sunday) reached universal practice in the 4th century. Egeria provides a first-hand account of practices and implementation of liturgical seasons as they existed at the time of her visit. This snapshot is before universal acceptance of a December 25 celebration of the
205:
The text is a narrative apparently written at the end of Egeria's journey from notes she took en route, and addressed to her 'dear ladies': the women of her spiritual community back home. In the first extant part of the text, she describes the journey from her approach to
53:, is addressed to a circle of women at home. Historical details it contains set the journey in the early 380s, making it the earliest of its kind. It survives in fragmentary form in a later copy—lacking a title, date and attribution.
359:
in a phrase such as "per mediam vallem ipsam" (classical Latin "through middle of valley itself") anticipates the definite article ("péri su mesu de sa bà dde") found in
Sardinian ("sa limba sarda") and in some dialects of
331:
later emerged. For example, expressions such as "deductores sancti illi" (meaning "those holy guides" in classical Latin, but here rather simply "the holy guides") reveal the origins of the
833:
A brief description of the Holy
Sepulchre, Jerusalem, and other Christian churches in the Holy City, with some account of the mediæval copies of the Holy Sepulchre surviving in Europe
1314:
112:, but in 1909 Karl Meister disputed FĂ©rotin's theory about the date of Egeria's pilgrimage and her identity. Meister argues that her language shows no evidence of
1533:
1173:(This translation includes supporting documents and notes. Previous editions were published in 1971 and 1981; the third revised edition was published in 1999.)
1253:
144:
530)—are absent from Egeria's otherwise detailed description of
Jerusalem and thus confirm the 4th century dating. Most scholars favor the 4th century date.
300:), The liturgical year was in its incipient stages at the time of her visit. This is invaluable because the development of liturgical worship (e. g.
1307:
973:
934:
1016:
1300:
396:
Chronological list of early
Christian geographers and pilgrims to the Holy Land who wrote about their travels, and other related works
621:
319:
have studied Egeria's letter, which contains a wealth of information about the evolution of Latin in late antiquity into the "
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957:
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96:. In 1903, Marius FĂ©rotin claimed the author is one Aetheria or Egeria, known from a letter written by the seventh century
1658:
1638:
1092:
1038:
422:(Hieronymus; fl. 386–420), translator of the Bible, brought an important contribution to the topography of the Holy Land
1668:
1292:
1166:
814:
277:, Turkey), particularly venerated by women. Upon her return to Constantinople, she planned to make a further trip to
1507:
431:
1708:
1678:
132:
noted that certain details of Egeria's account that support the earlier dating — two churches mentioned in the
1703:
1688:
1595:
1693:
1106:
1102:
920:
Philologischer
Kommentar zur Peregrinatio Aetheriae: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der lateinischen Sprache
194:("Pilgrimage to the Holy Lands") or some other combination. It is the earliest extant graphic account of a
1054:
116:
but rather suggests that she may have been from one of the well-known religious houses of sixth century
1698:
1683:
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The second portion of the text is a detailed account of the liturgical services and observances of the
1525:
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113:
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1371:
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777:
575:
413:
313:; this is very early and very helpful in cataloguing the development of annual liturgical worship.
74:
787:
1413:
1351:
783:
How the codex was found. A narrative of two visits to Sinai, from Mrs. Lewis's journals 1892-1893
37:
was a
Hispano-Roman Christian woman, widely regarded to be the author of a detailed account of a
20:
1571:
1405:
1088:
807:
Bethsaida in
Archaeology, History and Ancient Culture: A Festschrift in Honor of John T. Greene
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599:
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93:
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781:
743:
The Chronicle of Pilgrimage to the Holy Land: The Adventures, The Events, The Holy Sites
490:
The Chronicle of Pilgrimage to the Holy Land: The Adventures, The Events, The Holy Sites
467:
265:
and the place where he performed his miracles. On her way back to Europe she stopped at
120:; according to this theory, her pilgrimage took place in the first half of the reign of
1554:
967:
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446:
340:
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117:
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1181:. prĂłlogo, traducciĂłn y notas de Juan Monteverde, S.D.B. Valladolid, Spain: Maxtor.
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365:
361:
352:
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278:
266:
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455:, pilgrim to the Holy Land (c. 680) who left a detailed narrative of his travels
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1098:
831:
258:
227:
211:
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1024:
996:
Gamurrini, C. P. (1888). "S. Silvae Aquitaine; Peregrinatio ad Loca Sancta".
760:
507:
410:
of Caesarea (260/65–339/40), Church historian and geographer of the Holy Land
66:
1085:
The Pilgrimage of S. Silvia of Aquitania to the Holy Places (circa 385 A.D.)
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853:"Egeria's and the Development of Sacred Spaces and Edifices in Jerusalem"
719:
718:
Brown, J.; E. Meyers; R. Talbert; T. Elliott; S. Gillies (31 July 2020).
679:"Egeria's and the Development of Sacred Spaces and Edifices in Jerusalem"
369:
305:
207:
121:
81:. In 2005, JesĂşs Alturo identified two new fragments from one manuscript
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428:, mosaic map of the Holy Land from the second half of the 6th century
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42:
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de Borja Moll i Casasnovas, Francesc (2008). Editorial Moll (ed.).
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407:
324:
61:
The middle part of Egeria's writing survived and was copied in the
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vigil, both at Jerusalem in immediate succession of each other.
104:. He dated her pilgrimage to about 381–384, during the reign of
92:
Gamurrini published the Latin text and theorised the author was
69:
in the 11th century, while the beginning and end are lost. This
1390:
470:, pilgrim to the Holy Land (1160s) who left travel descriptions
452:
419:
416:, pilgrim to the Holy Land (333-4) who left travel descriptions
235:
170:
78:
1637:
Many of these texts have been translated and published by the
1217:
1153:(This is a slightly older English translation than Wilkinson.)
434:, pilgrim to the Holy Land (570s) who left travel descriptions
242:
157:
950:
GramĂ tica catalana referida especialment a les Illes Balears
571:
Patrology; the lives and works of the fathers of the church
301:
947:
1112:
597:
1044:
Silviae vel potius Aetheriae peregrinatio ad loca sancta
182:
Egeria set down her observations in a letter now called
1534:
Tractatus de locis et statu sancte terre ierosolimitane
1019:. Vol. 39. Vindobonae: F. Tempsky. pp. 35ff.
230:, Syria). She wrote extensively on her observations of
156:, but Meister believes that her reference to the river
652:
Vikan, Gary (1991). "Egeria". In Kazhdan, A. P (ed.).
261:
and comments on the traditions, which include that of
598:
M. L. McClure; C. L. Feltoe (1919). "Introduction".
449:, 7th-century Greek Christian chronicle of the world
1203:. Latin and German. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter.
1047:(in Latin). Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.
186:("Travels of Egeria"). It is sometimes also called
896:. New York: Continuum Publishing. pp. 16–18.
745:. Raʼana, Israel: RMC Publishing. pp. 38–40.
656:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 679.
574:. trans. Thomas Joseph Shahan. B. Herder. p.
552:, vol. 115, fasc. 2 (December 2005), pp. 241–250.
809:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 26–46.
1650:
995:
564:
1330:descriptions and travel guides of the Holy Land
1176:
1079:
241:Additionally, she visited the burial places of
740:
492:. RaĘĽana, Israel: RMC Publishing. p. 35.
487:
73:was discovered in 1884 by the Italian scholar
1308:
1222:. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press.
1195:
1119:. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
1017:Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum
786:. Cambridge : Macmillan and Bowes. pp.
604:. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
541:Alturo, JesĂşs. "Deux nouveaux fragments de l
823:
626:. New Catholic Encyclopedia. Archived from
1315:
1301:
972:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
933:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
355:("le sante guide"). Similarly, the use of
1467:Relatio de peregrinatione ad Hierosolymam
1245:The Pilgrim Egeria: A Select Bibliography
1156:
1012:Itinera hierosolymitana saeculi IIII-VIII
868:
694:
615:
613:
611:
56:
45:about 381/2–384. The long letter, dubbed
916:
836:. Cambridge : University Press. p.
772:
770:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
169:
1218:Anne McGowan, Paul F. Bradshaw (2018).
1201:Aetheria/Egeria: Reise ins Heilige Land
1132:
1037:
891:
829:
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174:Cover of a translation into English of
160:supports his theory of Gaulish origin.
1651:
894:Eternity Today: On the Liturgical Year
800:
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521:
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226:in ancient Carneas or Karnaia (modern
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998:Studi e documenti di Storia e Diretto
850:
776:
767:
676:
651:
582:
1113:M. L. McClure; C. L. Feltoe (1919).
720:"Places: 678227 (Karnaia/Astaroth?)"
163:
514:
13:
984:
952:(14 ed.). Palma de Mallorca.
857:Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu
683:Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu
654:The Oxford dictionary of Byzantium
273:'s near Seleucia Isauriae (modern
14:
1720:
1237:
1639:Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society
1268:
1093:Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society
851:Laato, Anni Maria (2021-08-01).
677:Laato, Anni Maria (2021-08-01).
108:. FĂ©rotin believed she was from
1161:. Oxford: Aris & Phillips.
1073:
941:
910:
885:
844:
794:
734:
432:Anonymous Pilgrim from Piacenza
414:Anonymous "Pilgrim of Bordeaux"
401:Late Roman and Byzantine period
805:. In Ellens, J. Harold (ed.).
711:
670:
645:
558:
535:
481:
190:("Pilgrimage of Aetheria") or
1:
1135:Egeria: Diary of a Pilgrimage
989:
620:Gingras, G. E. (2003-01-01).
474:
214:. Staying for three years in
1664:4th-century writers in Latin
1477:Puteshestive igumena Daniila
1248:, by Michael Fraser, c. 1994
741:Deborah Camiel, ed. (2008).
488:Deborah Camiel, ed. (2008).
263:Christ feeding the multitude
249:, as well as the site where
7:
1674:Ancient Roman women writers
1508:LeiĂ°arvĂsir og borgarskipan
1487:Descriptio de locis sanctis
1267:(public domain audiobooks)
1133:Gingras, George E. (1970).
391:
323:" language, from which the
192:Peregrinatio ad Loca Sancta
77:, in a monastic library in
10:
1725:
1659:4th-century Christian nuns
1596:Bertrandon de la Broquière
1541:Itinerarium terrae sanctae
1087:. With an appendix by Sir
269:—i. e. the shrine of
18:
1669:4th-century women writers
1635:
1564:
1526:Libellus de locis sanctis
1515:Descriptio terrae sanctae
1459:
1424:
1361:
1336:
1280:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1177:Juan Monteverde (2010) .
1139:Ancient Christian Writers
1116:The Pilgrimage of Etheria
601:The Pilgrimage of Etheria
554:doi:10.1484/J.RB.5.100596
218:, she made excursions to
1620:Bernhard von Breidenbach
1372:Itinerarium Burdigalense
1220:The Pilgrimage of Egeria
1157:Wilkinson, John (2006).
1141:, 38. The Newman Press.
1063:Itinerarium peregrinatio
917:Löfstedt, Einar (1911).
892:Connell, Martin (2007).
830:Jeffery, George (1919).
801:Freund, Richard (2014).
351:("las santas guĂas") or
343:and certain dialects of
257:. She spent time at the
198:. The text has numerous
75:Gian Francesco Gamurrini
16:4th century Roman writer
1414:Itinerarium Placentinum
1352:Arculf Map of Jerusalem
65:, which was written at
1572:Burchard of Mount Sion
1406:De situ terrae sanctae
1289:, with maps and images
1089:Charles William Wilson
870:10.2478/ress-2021-0020
696:10.2478/ress-2021-0020
623:Egeria, Itinerarium of
188:Peregrinatio Aetheriae
179:
178:type published in 1919
138:Peregrinatio Theodosii
57:Discovery and identity
1709:4th-century travelers
1679:Christian pilgrimages
1551:Liber peregrinationis
1545:Wilbrand of Oldenburg
1398:Breviary of Jerusalem
1254:Peregrinatio Ætheriae
327:and modern family of
176:The Journey of Egeria
173:
87:Carolingian minuscule
1704:Romans from Hispania
1689:Holy Land travellers
1602:Gabriele Capodilista
1565:Later Islamic period
1481:Daniel the Traveller
1449:Itinerarium Bernardi
1425:Early Islamic period
1009:Geyer, Paul (1898).
803:"The Two Bethsaidas"
386:La Vall de Gallinera
296:(most likely, under
196:Christian pilgrimage
19:For other uses, see
1694:Pilgrimage accounts
1387:Peregrinatio Paulae
1380:Itinerarium Egeriae
548:du IXe-Xe siècle".
546:Itinerarium Egeriae
440:Early Muslim period
234:proceedings and an
184:Itinerarium Egeriae
94:Sylvia of Aquitaine
51:Itinerarium Egeriae
1286:The Egeria Project
1251:Excerpts from the
778:Lewis, Agnes Smith
530:The Egeria Project
380:municipalities of
210:until her stop in
180:
118:Gallia Narbonensis
1699:Roman itineraries
1684:Christian writers
1646:
1645:
1626:Conrad GrĂĽnenberg
1590:Nompar of Caumont
1229:978-0-81-468421-4
1210:978-3-11-051811-5
1188:978-84-9761-788-8
1179:Eteria Itinerario
1148:978-0-8091-0029-3
1068:The Latin Library
959:978-84-273-2072-7
903:978-0-8264-1871-5
752:978-965-7240-00-7
663:978-0-19-504652-6
550:Revue Bénédictine
528:, on the website
499:978-965-7240-00-7
447:Paschal Chronicle
337:Romance languages
329:Romance languages
311:nativity of Jesus
245:, the brother of
165:Travels of Egeria
150:religious tourism
102:Valerio of Bierzo
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1519:John of WĂĽrzburg
1433:De locis sanctis
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1598:(1432–1433)
1557:(1217–1218)
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1483:(1106–1108)
1473:(1102–1103)
1338:Cartography
1123:archive.org
1051:archive.org
370:Costa Brava
224:tomb of Job
222:and to the
208:Mount Sinai
122:Justinian I
1653:Categories
1346:Madaba Map
1091:. London:
1030:2015-08-15
990:Latin text
923:. Uppsala.
726:August 20,
722:. Pleiades
634:2017-05-30
475:References
426:Madaba Map
220:Mount Nebo
134:Breviarium
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294:Jerusalem
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232:Holy Week
216:Jerusalem
154:Gallaecia
110:Gallaecia
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