648:
20:
51:
764:
904:, allegations of electoral fraud arose around the use of indelible ink stains, which many claimed were easily washed off. Election officials had chosen to use the more efficient marker pen option; however, regular marker pens were also sent out to polling stations, which led to confusion and some people being marked with less permanent ink.
783:, where it is almost impossible to remove quickly. In some countries, like Sri Lanka, the ink is applied on the little finger on the left hand. Ink may be applied in various ways, depending on circumstance and preference. The most common methods are dipping bottles with sponge inserts, bottles with brush applicators, spray bottles, and
881:
content) than markers can. However, marker pens are much cheaper and easier to transport, considerably reducing costs to the election organisers, and the advised option when stains are only needed to be guaranteed for 3 to 5 days. Marker pens also leave a much smaller mark when properly applied, which is more agreeable to many voters.
814:. Industry-standard electoral inks contain 10%, 14%, or 18% silver nitrate solution, depending on when the mark must be visible. Although usually water-based, electoral stains occasionally contain a solvent such as alcohol to allow for faster drying, primarily when used with dipping bottles, which may include a
1291:"En temas electorales, Sendero Luminoso siempre ha estado presente desde 1980. En 1985, por ejemplo, sembraban un mayor terror y convocaban a paros armados. Incluso esperaban en los caminos, y a aquel que tuviera el dedo con la tinta indeleble de haber sufragado, les cortaban el dedo", asegura Yaranga.
880:
Marker pens are the most efficient use of ink, with one 5 ml pen able to mark 600 people, although dipping bottles are often preferred, despite a 100 ml bottle only marking 1000. Dipping bottles can leave a more comprehensive stain with slightly greater longevity (depending on silver nitrate
911:, the election authorities canceled the use of electoral stain a week before voters went to the polls, saying it would be unconstitutional to prevent people from voting even if they had already had their fingers stained. Additionally they cited reports of ink being smuggled in from neighboring
843:
area. The election ink used puts a permanent mark on the cuticle area, which only disappears with the growth of the new nail. It can take up to 4 months for the stain to be replaced completely by new nail growth. Stains with concentrations of
1826:
818:
to ensure bacteria are not transferred from voter to voter. Hydroxides can easily remove silver chloride. Hence, other photosensitive pigmentation needs to be added. Silver nitrate can cause a condition called
1418:
1589:
779:
Electoral stain is a practical security feature to prevent double voting in elections. Ink is typically applied to the left-hand thumb, over the nail and finger in a straight line, especially to the
1834:
2140:
1161:
872:, orange replaced violet as the colour for marking the voters' fingers. It was found to last just as long and be more appealing to voters, as it resembled the national colours.
1901:
1661:
1187:
1927:
940:, in light of the first-ever implementation of electoral stain, voters reported that the ink could be easily washed off with running water, despite assurances by the
922:, reports surfaced that those who had chosen not to vote were attacked and beaten by government-sponsored mobs. The mobs attacked those without ink on their finger.
2039:
1569:
1602:
1570:"An Algerian man, with ink applied on his forefinger, prepares to vote a polling station in the Chanot Park on April 12, 2014 in Marseille, southern France"
1469:
2025:
2011:
1699:
1274:
1619:
868:
Electoral stain is traditionally violet in colour before the photosensitive element takes effect to leave a black or brown mark. However, for the
1746:
1426:
1388:
1597:
1219:
2148:
1714:
1662:
https://web.archive.org/web/20230326221328/https://www.voanews.com/a/cambodia-poll-monitors-report-problem-with-indelible-ink/1711199.html
1527:
1808:
368:
1645:
1905:
24:
2187:
333:
1657:
1855:
363:
202:
1320:
Incluso algunos pasajeros aseguraron haber recibido amenazas de muerte si los encuentran con tinta indeleble en el dedo anular.
305:
919:
748:
1732:
856:
with live skin cells. This means that the stain will fade as new skin grows. Silver nitrate is an irritant and is used as a
735:
for citizens are not always standardised or institutionalised. One of the more common election ink compositions is based on
1248:
869:
508:
2170:
2102:
1673:
2043:
926:
2064:
1887:
1873:
1303:
901:
676:
893:
of Peru has repeatedly threatened to kill those found with indelible ink stains to dissuade from participation in
1633:
941:
937:
908:
772:
1790:
353:
1551:
1487:
740:
630:
290:
1970:
1509:
281:
751:, a research institute of CSIR, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India and manufactured by
310:
247:
1396:
1646:
https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501320035/govt-spends-nearly-1m-on-indelible-ink-for-national-elections/
752:
503:
262:
1772:
1227:
2207:
338:
1928:"Tinta indeleble se utilizará por última vez en elecciones municipales complementarias de mañana"
1587:
324:
1856:"Observing Nepal's 2013 Constituent Assembly Election - Election Standards at The Carter Center"
1658:
https://www.voanews.com/a/cambodia-poll-monitors-report-problem-with-indelible-ink/1711199.html
1644:
Khmer Times. (2023, July 6). Gov't Spends Nearly $ 1m On
Indelible Ink for National Elections.
518:
419:
300:
1089:
373:
358:
257:
915:
to mark peoples' fingers before they had a chance to vote, thus denying them their rights.
669:
1656:
Carmichael, R. (2013, July 27). Cambodia Poll
Monitors Report Problem With Indelible Ink.
1363:
8:
2069:
1119:
414:
2122:
1994:
1902:"Living in Peru » News » Congress eliminates use of ink in Peruvian elections"
1162:"Lok Sabha elections 2024: Sole supplier of indelible ink says 70% production complete"
625:
584:
174:
159:
113:
108:
81:
1447:
1333:
1613:
1195:
1188:"The ink with a 'secret formula' that powers the world's biggest democratic exercise"
894:
749:
Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL)
732:
594:
574:
513:
462:
343:
295:
229:
154:
144:
123:
118:
35:
1809:"Ahead of GE14, EC orders 100,000 bottles of indelible ink from India - Malay Mail"
853:
528:
457:
409:
252:
238:
2084:
1304:"Sendero Luminoso irrumpe con una bomba en las elecciones presidenciales de Perú"
1094:
728:
662:
652:
579:
562:
498:
424:
378:
76:
739:, which can produce a stain lasting several weeks. It was first used during the
1952:
849:
848:
higher than 18% have been found to have no added effect on stain longevity, as
845:
800:
736:
523:
467:
272:
267:
212:
207:
1634:
https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501320642/video-the-ink-to-prevent-double-voting/
2202:
2196:
2040:"Sudan voting extended; ink washing off voters' fingers | Radio Tamazuj"
1827:"UNDP Provided Indelible Ink in Myanmar Elections: A Powerful Integrity Tool"
1199:
933:
threatening to cut off anybody's finger which was marked with indelible ink.
930:
620:
538:
533:
193:
169:
164:
86:
1099:
890:
768:
599:
547:
438:
429:
404:
184:
149:
1588:
Anne-Sofie Holm
Gerhard, Melika Atic, Panto Letic and Peter Erben (2019).
1470:"New Candidates May Win Half of Afghan Parliament Seats Amid Ballot Fraud"
2107:
1674:"Municipales 2016: ¿Por qué ya no se entinta el dedo a la hora de votar?"
1552:"Skopje interested on the indedible ink used by Albania in the elections"
1084:
972:
956:
952:
Some of the countries that have used election ink at some point include:
857:
804:
784:
589:
472:
452:
179:
1888:"Election fraud: The curious case of magnetic ink - The Express Tribune"
647:
836:
832:
811:
807:, leaving a mark that is impossible to wash off and is only removed as
716:
447:
315:
139:
99:
19:
2141:"CNE anunció que no usará tinta indeleble para la elección de la ANC"
1135:
1104:
1063:
1013:
998:
808:
731:
such as double voting. It is an effective method for countries where
724:
95:
1275:"Ataque de Sendero Luminoso en Perú polariza aún más las elecciones"
1141:
1073:
1043:
1038:
1003:
988:
977:
912:
348:
1528:"Taliban, US hold first official talks since Afghanistan takeover"
1249:"Silver Nitrate and Wound Care: The Use of Chemical Cauterization"
1747:"As Iraq moves on with vote, Falluja trapped by sins of the past"
1124:
1068:
1053:
1028:
967:
962:
840:
820:
815:
796:
780:
1632:
Khmer Times. (2023, July 7). The Ink To
Prevent Double Voting.
1129:
1048:
720:
67:
42:
1448:"World | Africa | Tsvangirai rejects 'sham' ballot"
1114:
1109:
1058:
1033:
1023:
1008:
993:
982:
744:
50:
1078:
1018:
763:
1925:
1874:"Nicaragua election observers report problems - CBC News"
1510:"Afghanistan election ink safeguard fails detergent test"
712:
708:
1715:"Indian elections: voters united by anti-fraud ink mark"
1488:"Election ink under scrutiny in Malaysia - Asia-Pacific"
1971:"Final report of the OAS electoral observation mission"
823:, although this requires frequent or extreme exposure.
2065:"Syria holds parliamentary polls in regime-held areas"
1773:"Sunni hawk wins Lebanon vote, risking new tensions"
1468:
Najafizada, Eltaf; Rupert, James (20 October 2010).
2194:
1733:"Key facts: the Indonesian Legislative Election"
1467:
1791:"Remove Election Ink From Finger After Voting"
1702:. 24 May 2012 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
1598:International Foundation for Electoral Systems
835:for 72–96 hours, lasting 2 to 4 weeks on the
670:
1618:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1272:
755:. It is exported to more than 30 countries.
23:A voter showing a stained finger during the
379:Parallel voting (Mixed member majoritarian)
2103:"The brief history of elections in Turkey"
2012:"A South African woman gets ink on her fi"
1953:"Hardliner claims Philippine election win"
1926:Agencia Andina de Noticias (2 July 2011).
860:agent at concentrations of 25% or higher.
677:
663:
344:Mixed single vote (positive vote transfer)
282:Proportional and semi-proportional systems
2123:"Venezuela's Socialists trounced in vote"
1583:
1581:
1579:
762:
18:
1331:
1185:
2195:
2171:"Indelible ink: The mark of democracy"
2085:"Tunisia veteran claims election win"
1995:""Solomon Islands Electoral Act 2018"
1770:
1712:
1576:
1507:
1361:
920:2008 Zimbabwean presidential election
803:which stains the skin on exposure to
795:Electoral stain typically contains a
1416:
1226:. Ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk. Archived from
947:
870:2005 Surinamese legislative election
2026:"Sri Lankan Voters Go To The Polls"
1976:. Secretariat for Political Affairs
1310:(in European Spanish). 9 April 2006
1273:Toledo-Leyva, Camilo (2021-05-25).
13:
1860:electionstandards.cartercenter.org
1332:Baldauf, Scott (12 October 2004).
1296:
927:2010 Afghan parliamentary election
831:Election stain typically stays on
239:Plurality and majoritarian systems
14:
2219:
2181:
1395:. News.my.msn.com. Archived from
1266:
902:2004 Afghan presidential election
349:Scorporo (negative vote transfer)
1601:. pp. 20–22. Archived from
1425:. Thestar.com.my. Archived from
1336:An Afghan 'Hanging chad' Dispute
884:
646:
49:
2163:
2133:
2115:
2095:
2077:
2057:
2032:
2018:
2004:
1987:
1963:
1945:
1919:
1894:
1880:
1866:
1848:
1819:
1801:
1783:
1764:
1739:
1725:
1706:
1692:
1666:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1562:
1544:
1520:
1501:
1480:
1461:
1440:
1410:
942:Election Commission of Malaysia
938:2013 Malaysian general election
909:2008 Malaysian general election
773:15th Malaysian general election
747:. The ink was developed by the
16:Marker to prevent double voting
2147:. 10 July 2017. Archived from
1381:
1366:India link to Afghan ink stink
1355:
1325:
1241:
1212:
1179:
1154:
790:
758:
354:Mixed ballot transferable vote
1:
1700:"Egypt elections in pictures"
1680:(in Spanish). 23 October 2016
1508:Boone, Jon (20 August 2009).
1186:Dhillon, Amrit (2019-03-28).
1147:
875:
753:Mysore Paints and Varnish Ltd
1713:Anand, Anu (17 April 2014).
1590:"Indelible Ink in Elections"
1417:Wong, Raphael (2008-03-05).
826:
631:End-to-end verifiable voting
291:Single non-transferable vote
7:
1362:Raman, Sunil (2004-10-12).
799:for instant recognition, a
771:stained with election ink.
489:Voting patterns and effects
10:
2224:
1771:Perry, Tom (30 May 2016).
311:Single transferable voting
248:First-past-the-post voting
1342:Christian Science Monitor
863:
504:Voting advice application
334:Mixed-member proportional
263:Plurality-at-large voting
1222:Chemical Safety Database
929:, the Taliban delivered
733:identification documents
369:Rural–urban proportional
364:Dual-member proportional
339:Additional member system
1795:www.miricitysharing.com
854:photosensitive reaction
715:that is applied to the
1450:. BBC News. 2008-06-27
1421:Ink Washout - The Star
776:
519:Passive electioneering
420:Straight-ticket voting
28:
25:Iraqi election of 2005
1281:(in European Spanish)
1090:Saint Kitts and Nevis
766:
741:1962 general election
374:Majority bonus system
359:Alternative Vote Plus
258:Instant-runoff voting
22:
1490:. Al Jazeera English
889:The armed guerrilla
767:A voter's left hand
727:in order to prevent
707:is a semi-permanent
325:Mixed-member systems
2091:. 22 December 2014.
2070:The Times of Israel
1862:. 26 December 2014.
1120:Trinidad and Tobago
653:Politics portal
415:Split-ticket voting
2173:. 25 January 2023.
2129:. 7 December 2015.
2111:. 30 October 2015.
1890:. 10 October 2013.
1751:The Indian Express
812:cells are replaced
777:
626:Voter registration
585:Voter intimidation
109:Write-in candidate
82:Provisional ballot
29:
2188:IFES Buyers Guide
1813:www.malaymail.com
948:International use
944:on the contrary.
805:ultraviolet light
687:
686:
638:
637:
595:Voter suppression
575:Ballot harvesting
553:
552:
514:Paradox of voting
480:
479:
463:None of the above
395:Voting strategies
386:
385:
296:Cumulative voting
230:Electoral systems
220:
219:
155:Electronic voting
145:Compulsory voting
2215:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2161:
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2131:
2130:
2119:
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2112:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2042:. Archived from
2036:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2014:. 22 April 2009.
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1904:. Archived from
1898:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1833:. Archived from
1823:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1799:
1798:
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1762:
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1609:
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1574:
1573:
1572:. 12 April 2014.
1566:
1560:
1559:
1558:. 6 August 2024.
1556:www.balkaneu.com
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1404:
1391:MSN News article
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1379:
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1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1158:
852:does not have a
679:
672:
665:
651:
650:
569:
568:
529:Political apathy
493:
492:
458:Election boycott
399:
398:
253:Two-round system
235:
234:
64:
63:
53:
31:
30:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2208:Electoral fraud
2193:
2192:
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2179:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2028:. 2 April 2004.
2024:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1951:
1950:
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1937:
1935:
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1920:
1911:
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1899:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1872:
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1867:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1840:
1838:
1831:UNDP in Myanmar
1825:
1824:
1820:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1769:
1765:
1756:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1735:. 8 April 2014.
1731:
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1707:
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1347:
1345:
1344:. Csmonitor.com
1330:
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1301:
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1202:
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1180:
1171:
1169:
1166:Hindustan Times
1160:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1095:Solomon Islands
950:
887:
878:
866:
829:
793:
761:
729:electoral fraud
701:electoral stain
683:
645:
640:
639:
580:Ballot stuffing
566:
563:Electoral fraud
555:
554:
499:Coattail effect
490:
482:
481:
425:Tactical voting
396:
388:
387:
301:Binomial system
232:
222:
221:
100:Ballot measures
77:Absentee ballot
61:
36:Politics series
17:
12:
11:
5:
2221:
2211:
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2205:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2182:External links
2180:
2177:
2176:
2162:
2151:on 27 May 2018
2132:
2114:
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2076:
2056:
2031:
2017:
2003:
1986:
1962:
1944:
1918:
1893:
1879:
1865:
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1818:
1800:
1782:
1763:
1738:
1724:
1705:
1691:
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1649:
1637:
1625:
1608:on 2019-11-08.
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1324:
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1279:Deutsche Welle
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960:
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946:
886:
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874:
865:
862:
850:silver nitrate
846:silver nitrate
828:
825:
801:silver nitrate
792:
789:
760:
757:
737:silver nitrate
705:phosphoric ink
685:
684:
682:
681:
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667:
659:
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642:
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565:and prevention
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531:
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524:Vote splitting
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468:Refused ballot
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273:Usual judgment
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268:General ticket
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213:Voting machine
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15:
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2060:
2046:on 2016-06-02
2045:
2041:
2035:
2027:
2021:
2013:
2007:
1996:
1990:
1972:
1966:
1959:. 9 May 2016.
1958:
1954:
1948:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1908:on 2016-08-16
1907:
1903:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1875:
1869:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1837:on 2019-03-30
1836:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1797:. 7 May 2016.
1796:
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1523:
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1443:
1429:on 2008-04-30
1428:
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1413:
1399:on 2008-05-13
1398:
1394:
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1384:
1369:
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1230:on 2008-10-11
1229:
1225:
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1189:
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966:
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945:
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931:night letters
928:
923:
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916:
914:
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905:
903:
898:
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892:
885:Controversies
882:
873:
871:
861:
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855:
851:
847:
842:
838:
834:
824:
822:
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809:external skin
806:
802:
798:
788:
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782:
774:
770:
765:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
719:(usually) of
718:
714:
710:
706:
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698:
695:
691:
690:Electoral ink
680:
675:
673:
668:
666:
661:
660:
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644:
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632:
629:
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622:
621:Secret ballot
619:
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583:
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564:
559:
558:
549:
548:Protest votes
546:
545:
540:
539:Voter turnout
537:
535:
534:Voter fatigue
532:
530:
527:
525:
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520:
517:
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512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
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469:
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461:
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445:
444:
443:
440:
439:Protest votes
437:
436:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
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410:Fusion voting
408:
406:
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392:
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380:
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201:
200:
199:
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192:
191:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
170:Postal voting
168:
166:
165:Polling place
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
137:
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131:
130:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
106:
105:
104:
101:
97:
94:
93:
88:
87:Sample ballot
85:
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65:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:
26:
21:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:the original
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2068:
2059:
2048:. Retrieved
2044:the original
2034:
2020:
2006:
1989:
1978:. Retrieved
1965:
1956:
1947:
1936:. Retrieved
1934:(in Spanish)
1931:
1921:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1896:
1882:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1766:
1755:. Retrieved
1753:. 2018-05-13
1750:
1741:
1727:
1719:the Guardian
1718:
1708:
1694:
1682:. Retrieved
1677:
1668:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1603:the original
1596:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1535:. Retrieved
1531:
1522:
1514:the Guardian
1513:
1503:
1492:. Retrieved
1482:
1473:
1463:
1452:. Retrieved
1442:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:the original
1420:
1412:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:the original
1390:
1383:
1372:. Retrieved
1365:
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1341:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1312:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1290:
1283:. Retrieved
1278:
1268:
1257:. Retrieved
1255:. 2021-03-10
1252:
1243:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:the original
1221:
1214:
1203:. Retrieved
1192:The Guardian
1191:
1181:
1170:. Retrieved
1168:. 2024-03-06
1165:
1156:
1138:(until 2017)
1132:(until 2009)
1100:South Africa
1081:(until 2011)
985:(until 2012)
959:(until 2021)
951:
935:
924:
917:
906:
899:
891:Shining Path
888:
879:
867:
830:
794:
778:
769:index finger
704:
700:
696:
693:
689:
688:
616:Election ink
615:
600:Voter caging
509:Likely voter
430:Vote pairing
405:Issue voting
203:Popular vote
185:Voting booth
150:Early voting
34:Part of the
2145:El Nacional
2108:Daily Sabah
1253:WoundSource
1085:Philippines
973:The Bahamas
957:Afghanistan
936:During the
925:During the
918:During the
858:cauterizing
791:Composition
785:marker pens
759:Application
590:Vote buying
473:Spoilt vote
453:Donkey vote
180:Vote center
160:Open ballot
2197:Categories
2050:2016-05-11
1980:2023-02-16
1938:2021-03-20
1912:2016-06-23
1841:2016-06-23
1757:2018-05-17
1537:2024-06-06
1532:Al Jazeera
1494:2014-04-30
1454:2014-04-30
1433:2014-04-30
1403:2014-04-30
1374:2014-04-30
1370:. BBC News
1348:2014-04-30
1259:2021-11-01
1234:2014-04-30
1205:2024-04-03
1172:2024-04-03
1148:References
876:Efficiency
837:fingernail
717:forefinger
608:Prevention
448:Abstention
316:Spare vote
306:Party-list
140:Ballot box
132:Collection
114:Electorate
96:Candidates
1932:andina.pe
1474:Bloomberg
1200:0261-3077
1136:Venezuela
1105:Sri Lanka
1064:Nicaragua
1014:Indonesia
999:Guatemala
895:elections
827:Longevity
725:elections
694:indelible
60:Balloting
2127:BBC News
2089:BBC News
1957:BBC News
1614:cite web
1142:Zimbabwe
1074:Pakistan
1044:Maldives
1039:Malaysia
1004:Honduras
989:Dominica
978:Cambodia
913:Thailand
194:Counting
175:Precinct
1777:Reuters
1684:26 June
1125:Tunisia
1069:Nigeria
1054:Myanmar
1029:Lebanon
968:Algeria
963:Albania
907:In the
900:In the
841:cuticle
821:argyria
816:biocide
797:pigment
781:cuticle
723:during
68:Ballots
2155:27 May
1314:22 May
1285:22 May
1198:
1130:Turkey
1049:Mexico
864:Colour
721:voters
124:Ticket
43:Voting
1998:(PDF)
1974:(PDF)
1606:(PDF)
1593:(PDF)
1115:Syria
1110:Sudan
1059:Nepal
1034:Libya
1024:Kenya
1009:India
994:Egypt
983:Chile
745:India
208:Tally
119:Slate
2203:Inks
2157:2018
1686:2023
1620:link
1316:2022
1287:2022
1196:ISSN
1079:Peru
1019:Iraq
839:and
833:skin
98:and
1678:T13
1308:Hoy
743:in
713:dye
711:or
709:ink
703:or
697:ink
2199::
2143:.
2125:.
2105:.
2087:.
2067:.
1955:.
1930:.
1858:.
1829:.
1811:.
1793:.
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1616:}}
1612:{{
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699:,
692:,
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2000:.
1983:.
1941:.
1915:.
1876:.
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1815:.
1779:.
1760:.
1721:.
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1175:.
775:.
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27:.
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