359:. He published a series of articles in this area with Malcolm Forster, the first of which was their 1994 paper "How to Tell When Simpler, More Unified, or Less Ad Hoc Theories Will Provide More Accurate Predictions." In 2002 he published a new article "Instrumentalism, Parsimony, and the Akaike Framework," explaining how Akaike’s criterion and framework and the ideas behind them connect to the epistemology of instrumentalism. His most recent publication on parsimony, his 2015 book
272:
in connection with theory evaluation in science. Sober also has been interested in altruism, both as the concept is used in evolutionary biology and also as it is used in connection with human psychology. His book with David Sloan Wilson,
347:. In it, he argued that the simplicity of a hypothesis should be understood in terms of a concept of question-relative informativeness. Sober abandoned this theory in the 1980s when he started to think about the concept of
335:, and have devised a methodology for testing the hypothesis that two species exhibit a trait because they have a common ancestor, and not because natural selection caused each to evolve the trait.
406:, Westview Press (in UK: Oxford University Press), 1993; 2nd edition, 1999; Spanish edition, Alianza, 1996; Chinese edition, 2000; Korean edition, Chul Hak Kwa Hyun Sil Sa Publishing Co., 2004.
1764:
President of the
Division for Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the International Union for History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (DLMPST/IUHPST)
901:
1821:
1763:
400:, Macmillan 1990; Prentice Hall 2nd edition 1995; Pearson Publishers 3rd edition 2000; 4th edition 2005; 5th edition 2009, 6th edition 2013; Routledge 7th edition 2019.
308:
wrote "Sober has ... given us what is perhaps the most careful and penetrating analysis of the concept of natural selection as it affects the process of evolution".
242:
238:
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284:. He also has written about evidence and probability, scientific realism and instrumentalism, laws of nature, the mind-body problem and naturalism.
478:
Orzack, Steven Hecht; Sober, Elliott (1993). "A Critical
Assessment of Levins's The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology (1966)".
351:
used in evolutionary biology. This led him to think of parsimony in terms of the concept of likelihood, an idea he developed in his 1988 book
1317:
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296:(1984) has been instrumental in establishing the philosophy of biology as a prominent research area in philosophy. According to the
1836:
552:
Orzack, Steven Hecht; Sober, Elliott (4 June 2001). "Adaptation, Phylogenetic
Inertia, and the Method of Controlled Comparisons".
304:...marks the point at which most philosophers became aware of the philosophy of biology." In his review of the book, biologist
1690:
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Sober, Elliott; Steel, Mike (1 September 2017). "Similarities as
Evidence for Common Ancestry: A Likelihood Epistemology".
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297:
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331:'s 1966 paper "The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology;" they also have worked together on the concept of
230:
780:
Sober, Elliott; Steel, Mike (2015). "How probable is common ancestry according to different evolutionary processes?".
1346:
1203:
Sober, Elliott; Steel, Mike (2015-11-14). "Similarities as
Evidence for Common Ancestry: A Likelihood Epistemology".
645:
Sober, Elliott; Steel, Mike (6 January 2011). "Entropy increase and information loss in Markov models of evolution".
234:
1841:
363:, describes both the likelihood framework and the model selection frameworks as two viable "parsimony paradigms."
222:
Sober joined the
Wisconsin faculty in 1974, and retired in 2023. He was also a tenured professor of philosophy at
1856:
1826:
323:(1998). Sober also has worked with the biologist Mike Steel, exploring conceptual questions about the idea of
355:. In the 1990s he started to think about the role of parsimony in model selection theory—for example, in the
356:
250:
226:
in 2003-04, before returning to
Wisconsin. He will be a visiting professor at Stanford for 2023-2026.
216:
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Sober, Elliott; Orzack, Steven Hecht (1 September 2003). "Common
Ancestry and Natural Selection".
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200:
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515:
Orzack, Steven Hecht; Sober, Elliott (1994). "Optimality Models and the Test of
Adaptationism".
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1060:"A Critical Assessment of Levins's The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology (1966)"
167:
Professor and
William F. Vilas Research Professor Emeritus in the Department of Philosophy at
426:, Harvard University Press, 1998; Spanish edition, Siglo Veintiouno de España Editores, 2000.
176:
172:
74:
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Sober, Elliott; Steel, Mike (2014-10-01). "Time and Knowability in Evolutionary Processes".
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Sober, Elliott; Orzack, Steven Hecht (2003-09-01). "Common Ancestry and Natural Selection".
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Sober, Elliott; Steel, Mike (2014). "Time and Knowability in Evolutionary Processes".
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Sober, Elliott (2002-09-01). "Instrumentalism, Parsimony, and the Akaike Framework".
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Sober, E; Steel, M (21 October 2002). "Testing the hypothesis of common ancestry".
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327:. And Sober has worked with the biologist Steven Orzack, clarifying and critiquing
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1293:"APA Divisional Presidents and Addresses – The American Philosophical Association"
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Sober, Elliott (2002-01-01). "Intelligent Design and Probability Reasoning".
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One of Sober's main fields of research has been the subject of simplicity or
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86:
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Sober, Elliott (2011-12-01). "A Priori Causal Models of Natural Selection".
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394:, Bradford/MIT Press, 1988; Japanese edition, Souju Publishers, Tokyo, 1996.
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817:
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388:, Bradford/MIT Press, 1984; 2nd edition, University of Chicago Press, 1993.
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EPSA Philosophy of Science: Amsterdam 2009 | Henk W. de Regt | Springer
411:
Reconstructing Marxism: Essays on Explanation and the Theory of History
305:
204:
229:
Sober has served as the president of both the Central Division of the
950:
Wilson, D. S.; Sober, E. (1989-02-08). "Reviving the superorganism".
45:
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The Nature of Selection: Evolutionary Theory in Philosophical Focus
294:
The Nature of Selection: Evolutionary Theory in Philosophical Focus
1164:
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417:
From a Biological Point of View: Essays in Evolutionary Philosophy
256:
Since 2013, Sober has been listed on the Advisory Council of the
1504:
De Regt, Henk W; Hartmann, Stephan; Okasha, Samir, eds. (2012).
321:
Unto Others – the Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior
424:
Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior
275:
Unto Others: the Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior
105:
207:. His work has also been strongly influenced by the biologist
392:
Reconstructing the Past: Parsimony, Evolution, and Inference
353:
Reconstructing the Past: Parsimony, Evolution, and Inference
188:
343:
Sober's first publication on parsimony was his 1975 book,
311:
Sober has worked on clarifying and defending the idea of
243:
Division of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science
239:
International Union of History and Philosophy of Science
1685:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 187–221.
1633:"link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%253A1004519608950"
653:(2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 223–250.
380:
Conceptual Issues in Evolutionary Biology: An Anthology
1713:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2020.
471:
1503:
1822:
Presidents of the American Philosophical Association
398:
Core Questions in Philosophy – A Text with Readings
1426:. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 117–147.
245:) from 2012 until 2015. He taught for one year at
1205:The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
1099:The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
827:The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
618:The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
249:and has been a regular visiting professor at the
1783:
1381:International Journal for Philosophy of Religion
931:"Elliott Sober on Darwin and Intelligent Design"
556:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–63.
413:, Verso Press, 1992; Portuguese edition, 1993.
1424:The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Religion
1058:Orzack, Steven Hecht; Sober, Elliott (1993).
382:, Bradford/MIT Press, 1984; 2nd edition 1993.
1727:, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Spring, 1986), pp. 233–239
1003:"Adaptation and Natural Selection revisited"
684:"Adaptation and Natural Selection revisited"
682:Sober, E.; Wilson, D. S. (13 January 2011).
1817:Academics of the London School of Economics
1096:
1057:
1000:
949:
833:(3). University of Chicago Press: 617–638.
741:(4). University of Chicago Press: 558–579.
681:
624:(3). University of Chicago Press: 423–437.
615:
551:
523:(3). University of Chicago Press: 361–380.
514:
486:(4). University of Chicago Press: 533–546.
477:
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699:
1683:Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion
1449:"What Is Wrong With Intelligent Design?"
287:
1852:University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
1711:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
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1001:Sober, E.; Wilson, D. S. (2011-02-01).
182:
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1355:National Center for Science Education
465:The Philosophy of Evolutionary Theory
409:(with Erik Wright and Andrew Levine)
280:Sober has been a prominent critic of
263:
258:National Center for Science Education
1421:
902:"2014 Hempel Award Winner Announced"
936:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
899:
472:Selected articles and book chapters
461:, Cambridge University Press, 2018.
455:, Cambridge University Press, 2015.
439:, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
433:, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
419:, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
298:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
13:
1812:21st-century American philosophers
1807:20th-century American philosophers
1590:Australasian Journal of Philosophy
1315:
467:, Cambridge University Press, 2024
315:; see, for example, his book with
231:American Philosophical Association
14:
1868:
1734:
453:Ockham’s Razors – A User’s Manual
235:Philosophy of Science Association
171:. Sober is noted for his work in
1847:American philosophers of science
1020:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02162.x
701:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02162.x
375:, Oxford University Press, 1975.
361:Ockham's Razors: A User's Manual
1837:American critics of creationism
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1453:The Quarterly Review of Biology
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1064:The Quarterly Review of Biology
1007:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
688:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
480:The Quarterly Review of Biology
277:(1998), addresses both topics.
211:, and he has collaborated with
199:, after doing graduate work at
169:University of Wisconsin–Madison
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952:Journal of Theoretical Biology
943:
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893:
881:. University of Wisconsin. 233
871:
782:Journal of Theoretical Biology
581:Journal of Theoretical Biology
106:President of the DLMPST/IUHPST
1:
1447:Sober, Elliott (March 2007).
972:10.1016/s0022-5193(89)80169-9
864:
593:10.1016/S0022-5193(02)93086-9
1602:10.1080/00048402.2010.535006
1357:. 2008-07-15. Archived from
562:10.1017/cbo9780511609084.003
554:Adaptationism and Optimality
431:Adaptationism and Optimality
429:(edited with Steven Orzack)
357:Akaike Information Criterion
338:
7:
10:
1873:
1832:Charles Darwin biographers
1681:Kvanvig, Jonathan (2011).
802:10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.03.012
422:(with David Sloan Wilson)
251:London School of Economics
237:. He was president of the
1802:Harvard University alumni
1770:
1761:
1753:
1748:
1516:10.1007/978-94-007-2404-4
659:10.1007/s10539-010-9239-x
449:, Prometheus Books, 2011.
203:under the supervision of
195:under the supervision of
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788:. Elsevier BV: 111–116.
647:Biology & Philosophy
366:
1842:Philosophers of biology
1741:Elliott Sober's website
1707:"Philosophy of Biology"
1649:10.1023/a:1004519608950
1631:Sober, Elliott (1999).
1393:10.1023/a:1019579220694
1279:"Elliott Sober - Vitae"
1265:"Elliott Sober - Vitae"
517:The American Naturalist
302:The Nature of Selection
1422:Mann, William (2004).
437:Evidence and Evolution
163:(born 6 June 1948) is
1857:Lakatos Award winners
1827:Analytic philosophers
1637:Philosophical Studies
1547:Philosophy of Science
1152:Philosophy of Science
1121:10.1093/bjps/54.3.423
735:Philosophy of Science
694:(2). Wiley: 462–468.
630:10.1093/bjps/54.3.423
404:Philosophy of Biology
288:Philosophy of biology
177:philosophy of science
173:philosophy of biology
75:Philosophy of science
1510:. www.springer.com.
1318:"Governance History"
443:Did Darwin Write the
215:, Steven Orzack and
201:Cambridge University
183:Education and career
16:American philosopher
1235:10.1093/bjps/axv052
1227:2015arXiv150104665S
964:1989JThBi.136..337W
849:10.1093/bjps/axv052
794:2015JThBi.373..111S
459:The Design Argument
349:cladistic parsimony
247:Stanford University
224:Stanford University
219:, also biologists.
191:in philosophy from
1347:"Advisory Council"
900:Pfeifer, Jessica.
317:David Sloan Wilson
282:intelligent design
264:Philosophical work
213:David Sloan Wilson
193:Harvard University
58:Harvard University
1780:
1779:
1771:Succeeded by
1749:Academic offices
1692:978-0-19-960322-0
1553:(S3): S112–S123.
1525:978-94-007-2403-7
1433:978-0-631-22128-9
1297:www.apaonline.org
571:978-0-521-59166-9
187:Sober earned his
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65:Scientific career
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1774:Menachem Magidor
1754:Preceded by
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82:Doctoral advisor
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