499:
Legal
Sciences in 1960 and after completing his military internship in Piatra Neamț, he began his work as a trainee judge at the Pitesti Regional Court, economic section. The political climate causes him to give up this position and become a student at the Faculty of Geology – Geography, between 1961 and 1966. He holds a PhD in Geology from the University of Bucharest and a Doctor of Sciences from Duke University, US. In 1963, he married Nadia Ileana, a lawyer, who was his colleague at the Faculty of Law in Bucharest. His father died in 1991 and his mother died at Elias Hospital on November 25, 2011.
495:. His mother, Maria Georgeta Colceag, was born in Ploiești on April 24, 1916, and, after graduating from high school, was a student at the Bucharest Conservatory in the harp class, but gave up her career in music to follow her husband, Ion Constantinescu. He was originally from Oltenia, he had 8 brothers, and after becoming an agronomist engineer, he was assigned to Bessarabia. The Constantinescu family took refuge in 1943 in Brădetu village, Argeș County where Emil Constantinescu spent his childhood. His sister, Marina, was born in 1942, and in 1946, his brother, Cristian, was born.
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692:, the remainder of his term suffered a political crisis between the majority parties that, at the time, formed the governing coalition (i.e. CDR, PD, PSDR, and UDMR/RMDSZ). The country was further damaged by a drought in 2000. At the end of his term in 2000, he decided not to run for re-election, stating that the system had defeated him.
299:
730:, a reform of the banking system as well as with the attraction of the first major foreign investments in Romania after 1989. With dashed expectations of an immediate improvement in daily life, Romanians exhibited strong disillusionment with the major parties and politicians of the CDR at the end of the 1996–2000 legislature, with the
33:
588:
After the fall of the communist dictatorship, he engaged along with other university colleagues and renowned
Romanian intellectuals in the effort to re-democratize Romania, in the defense of fundamental human rights and freedoms as well as in the establishment of the civil society. He was one of the
498:
In the period 1953–1956 Emil
Constantinescu was a student of the "Nicolae Bălcescu" High School in Pitești (currently Colegiu IC Bratianu) and obtained his Matriculation Diploma on July 19, 1956, in the same year he enrolled at the Faculty of Law of the University Bucharest. He obtained a Diploma in
741:
A disenchanted Emil
Constantinescu, who lost popularity and had failed to fulfil his reformist agenda announced on 17 July 2000 that he would not run for a second term. He temporarily withdrew from political life at the end of his term in November 2000. Constantinescu's direction in foreign affairs
620:
He was also a founding member and vice-president of the Civic
Alliance (1990), the most important non-governmental organization in the country, and president of the Civic Academy. These associations joined the opposition democratic parties and together formed the Romanian Democratic Convention (or
519:
between 1991 and 1992. He was elected vice-rector (1990–1992) and rector (1992–1996) of the
University of Bucharest; president of the National Council of Rectors from Romania (1992–1996); member of the Permanent Committee of the Association of European Universities – CRE (1992–1993; 1994–1998);
799:
Nowadays, he still remains heavily involved in politics through working for many NGOs, both in
Romania and internationally. Emil Constantinescu is the current president of the Association of Citizenship Education, of the Romanian Foundation for Democracy and also the founding president of the
523:
He is the author of 12 books and over 60 studies in the field of geology, published in prestigious scientific journals in the country and abroad. He is also
Honorary Member and Elected Member of the Geological and Mineralogical Societies of the
2606:
551:
He gave lectures at the
Universities of Tübingen, Oxford, Stanford, Harvard, Berkeley, Columbia – New York, Georgetown – Washington, Indiana – Bloomington, Rio de Janeiro, Sydney, Prague, Turku, Cairo, Lublin. He was awarded the
326:
608:
After the bloody violence committed by the miners who, at the call of the then president Ion
Iliescu, invaded Bucharest in June 1990, he founded, together with his colleagues, professors, and students, the association
1424:
2601:
633:(which was represented by Constantinescu). He continued to act to strengthen the democratic opposition throughout this period of time from 1992 until 1996, alongside other notable CDR political leaders.
2611:
853:
657:
In 1996, he competed once again for the presidency as the CDR's candidate and managed to defeat Iliescu in the second round, securing a victory by a margin of roughly 10%. CDR's success in the
2566:
2077:
726:
Constantinescu's presidency along with CDR's governance were marred by an economic recession. Despite this, his presidency has been eventually credited with putting an end to the
507:
He went through all stages of his university career as an assistant and lecturer at the Faculty of Geology (1966–1990). Since 1991 onwards, he is a professor of Mineralogy at the
1442:
1991:
1708:"Dostluk İlişkilerine Katkının Altın Sembolü: Devlet ve Cumhuriyet Nişanları (Turkish) – The Gold Symbol Contribution of Friendly Relations : State and Republic Orders"
589:
personalities who protested against the anti-democratic actions of the new authorities during a 42-day rally, between April and May 1990, in Bucharest's University Square.
989:
621:
CDR for short) in 1991. At the proposal of the Academic Solidarity, supported by the Civic Alliance (PAC), Emil Constantinescu was designated the CDR candidate in the
2626:
2125:
2576:
1864:
572:; Arthur Bertrand Medal, awarded by the Academy of Sciences, Institut de France; medals awarded by the National Institute of Sciences and Arts of France, the
2621:
2616:
1787:
1528:
2591:
625:. He entered the second round and obtained 38% of the votes in the confrontation with then incumbent president Ion Iliescu who was supported by the
2596:
2420:
2101:
235:
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1831:
857:
2338:
1762:
Dan Pavel, Iulia Huia, "Nu putem reuși decît împreună." O istorie analitică a Convenției Democratice, 1989–2000, Editura Polirom, Iași, 2003
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1590:
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808:
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Emil Constantinescu was born on November 19, 1939, in Tighina, Ținutul Nistru, Kingdom of Romania, which today is named Bender and
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One of the last gestures made as president of Romania was the pardon of Ion Coman, the one who had led the repression of the
629:(FDSN). After this first important political experience, the CDR elected, in 1992, its president and sole candidate for the
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1869:
886:
807:, in 2010 he presented the OFF with a presidential medal. He is also a member of the international advisory council of the
434:
1406:
793:
653:
during the American President's 1997 visit to the Romanian capital in which Clinton declared Romania "free of communism".
626:
1550:
Aufstellung aller durch den Bundespräsidenten verliehenen Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich ab 1952
350:, the first associative structure of the democratic opposition in post-1989 Romania, which was later transformed into a
1811:
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1496:
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676:, which, bogged down by excessive bureaucracy, increased unemployment and poverty in the short term. After another two
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Throughout his sole four-year term, Constantinescu struggled with the ineffective implementation of the processes of
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363:
217:
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1996:
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1007:
959:
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359:
242:
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1443:"Emil, apel către intelectuali: Asumați-vă eșecul moral și lepădați-vă de răul absolut care este Băsescu!"
1425:"Emil Constantinescu: Discursurile lui Băsescu sunt asemănătoare celor ale foștilor lideri totalitariști"
545:
1982:
1977:
1821:
1759:
Tom Gallagher, Furtul unei națiuni. România de la communism încoace, Editura Humanitas, București, 2004
849:
747:
408:
1457:"FUNDAŢIA ROMÂNĂ PENTRU DEMOCRAŢIE | Construim societatea civilă și cultura democrației din 1992"
569:
1756:
Ion Alexandrescu, Stan Stoica, România după 1989. Mică enciclopedie, Editura Meronia, București, 2005
665:
in post-1989 Romania. On the day he took office, he suspended his membership from the PNȚ-CD, as the
556:
Award for scientific contributions in the field of geology (1980); Palmas Academicas, awarded by the
343:
2414:
2165:
1061:
838:
397:
287:
230:
965:
Emblema de Onoare a Armatei României ("The Romanian Army's Badge of Honor") – 24 October 2012
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1955:
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70:
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1971:
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47:
2218:
2199:
8:
2185:
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2016:
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precludes a president holding formal membership of a political party during his term(s).
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367:
339:
95:
1598:
1326:
761:
2631:
1939:
1919:
1905:
1889:
804:
565:
198:
2607:
Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
1879:
1627:
2106:
1987:
1729:
1079:
520:
member of the International Association of University Presidents – IAUP (1994–1996).
319:
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1318:
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784:
Constantinescu had occasionally criticized the policies of the 2004–2014 president,
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103:
2145:
2096:
553:
331:; born 19 November 1939) is a Romanian professor and politician, who served as the
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864:
512:
190:
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1165:
789:
751:
719:
525:
411:. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced
77:
1374:
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2038:
1626:(in Spanish). Lima, Peru: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Archived from
673:
601:
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2043:
1765:
1652:
1500:
769:
The former president returned to the political scene in 2002 as head of the
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743:
689:
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2316:
32:
2602:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
1563:"Odluka o odlikovanju Njegove Ekscelencije dr. Emila Constantinescua"
650:
273:
800:
Institute for Regional Cooperation and Conflict Prevention (INCOR).
342:, Constantinescu became a founding member and vice president of the
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Independent (1996–2000; PNȚ-CD membership suspended while president)
1835:
1111:
1093:
755:
727:
677:
2397:
1800:
1529:"Iliescu si Constantinescu au primit Emblema de Onoare a Armatei"
1379:
1147:
1039:
1021:
1003:
985:
953:
529:
346:(AC). In addition, he also served as the acting president of the
277:
202:
1700:
1322:
1129:
1075:
541:
533:
2612:
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
863:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
537:
990:
Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
366:(PNL) in 2008. Nowadays, Constantinescu remains involved in
1057:
788:, accusing him of authoritarian tendencies, and supported
2567:
Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party politicians
1653:"Cidadãos Estrangeiros Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas"
641:
560:, Rio de Janeiro (2000); gold and honorary medals of the
362:(AP) party from the early 2000s until it merged into the
765:
Emil Constantinescu at the Gaudeamus Book Fair in 2013
1456:
734:(PRM) subsequently gaining the second place in the
1730:"Про нагородження орденом князя Ярослава Мудрого"
583:
2533:
2627:First Class of the Order of the Star of Romania
777:) party, which subsequently merged within the
354:political and electoral alliance known as the
2577:Academic staff of the University of Bucharest
2421:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
2332:
1795:
1781:
358:(CDR). He had also subsequently presided the
236:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
2622:Recipients of the Order of Michael the Brave
1665:Resultado da busca de "Emil Constantinescu".
596:Emil Constantinescu in an official visit at
60:29 November 1996 – 20 December 2000
2617:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog
1407:"Acțiunea Populară acceptă fuziunea cu PNL"
754:(EU) three years later, in 2007, alongside
373:
348:Democratic Romanian Anti-Totalitarian Forum
2339:
2325:
1788:
1774:
1325:
856:about living persons that is unsourced or
31:
2309:indicates incumbent/current officeholder.
1181:
927:Learn how and when to remove this message
636:
475:Learn how and when to remove this message
149:November 1992 – 29 November 1996
2592:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Romania
2126:Presidium of the Great National Assembly
1134:Order of the State of Republic of Turkey
809:Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation
760:
742:continued however after the comeback of
710:
640:
591:
2597:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
2346:
2582:Rectors of the University of Bucharest
2534:
715:Emil Constantinescu in a meeting with
511:. He was also a visiting professor at
502:
2320:
2078:Provisional Presidium of the Republic
1769:
1655:. Presidência da República Portuguesa
1621:"Condecorados: Orden El Sol del Perú"
1473:. East West Institute. Archived from
1387:from the original on 12 December 2021
1168:: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the
814:
318:
1346:
1176:
1114:: Grand Cross (or 1st Class) of the
818:
377:
2552:Romanian people of Moldovan descent
1060:: Grand Cross with Diamonds of the
939:
627:Democratic National Salvation Front
13:
2396:
1591:"Modtagere af danske dekorationer"
1044:Order of the White Rose of Finland
971:
706:
688:), culminating with the arrest of
14:
2643:
1312:
1170:Order of St Michael and St George
1152:Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise
1042:: Grand Cross with Collar of the
680:which took place in 1999 (one in
540:; of the Geographical Society of
16:Romanian professor and politician
2305:indicate interim officeholders.
1832:United Principalities of Romania
1375:"Declarație Emil Constantinescu"
1158:
1140:
1122:
1104:
1086:
1068:
1050:
1032:
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978:
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823:
382:
297:
1750:
1722:
1670:
1645:
1613:
1583:
1555:
1543:
1521:
1116:Order of the White Double Cross
207:Transnistrian Moldovan Republic
2572:University of Bucharest alumni
1507:
1489:
1463:
1449:
1435:
1417:
1399:
1367:
1340:
631:presidential elections of 1996
623:presidential elections of 1992
584:Political activity (1990–1996)
356:Romanian Democratic Convention
320:[eˈmilkonstantiˈnesku]
201:(present day de jure Tighina,
137:Romanian Democratic Convention
1:
2067:Socialist Republic of Romania
1710:. Haberler.com. February 2013
1413:(in Romanian). 12 March 2008.
1333:
1185:
746:in 2000. Eventually, Romania
1265:
1221:
1008:Grand Order of King Tomislav
960:Order of the Star of Romania
834:biography of a living person
663:peaceful transition of power
574:University of Paris–Sorbonne
558:Brazilian Academy of Letters
393:biography of a living person
370:solely to a limited extent.
7:
2557:People from Bender, Moldova
2456:Nadia Ileana Constantinescu
1597:(in Danish). Archived from
1571:(in Croatian). 16 June 2000
861:must be removed immediately
794:2009 presidential elections
546:National Geographic Society
413:must be removed immediately
340:Romanian Revolution of 1989
254:Nadia Ileana Constantinescu
10:
2648:
2062:Romanian People's Republic
1383:(in Romanian). July 2000.
803:A frequent speaker at the
792:in the first round of the
611:Solidaritatea Universitară
2507:
2486:
2466:Elections and referendums
2465:
2448:
2407:
2394:
2379:
2354:
2300:
2231:
2208:
2164:
2124:
2076:
2060:
2025:
2009:
1964:
1948:
1932:
1918:
1898:
1863:
1847:
1830:
1812:Heads of state of Romania
1807:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
736:2000 legislative election
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64:
53:
46:
42:
30:
23:
1062:Order of the Sun of Peru
645:Emil Constantinescu and
374:Early life and education
231:Romanian Communist Party
2210:President of SR Romania
578:University of Amsterdam
570:University of São Paulo
509:University of Bucharest
316:Romanian pronunciation:
2499:February 1999 Mineriad
2439:National Liberal Party
2401:
2175:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
1182:Presidential elections
1096:: Grand Collar of the
848:Please help by adding
779:National Liberal Party
766:
723:
654:
637:Presidency (1996–2000)
605:
407:Please help by adding
364:National Liberal Party
218:National Liberal Party
37:Constantinescu in 1998
2562:Presidents of Romania
2494:January 1999 Mineriad
2478:1996 general election
2473:1992 general election
2400:
2135:Constantin Ion Parhon
2087:Constantin Ion Parhon
2047:between 1940 and 1944
1817:Presidents of Romania
1515:"Emil Constantinescu"
1471:"Emil Constantinescu"
1150:: First Class of the
1098:Order of Prince Henry
1078:: Grand Cross of the
1026:Order of the Elephant
876:"Emil Constantinescu"
764:
732:Greater Romania Party
714:
659:1996 general election
644:
595:
424:"Emil Constantinescu"
402:references or sources
335:, from 1996 to 2000.
2387:President of Romania
2380:Political activities
2360:President of Romania
2237:President of Romania
1992:Constantin Sărăţeanu
1865:Princely Lieutenancy
1497:"Oslo Freedom Forum"
1431:. 25 September 2009.
988:: Grand Star of the
854:Contentious material
333:President of Romania
48:President of Romania
2587:Romanian geologists
2348:Emil Constantinescu
2251:Emil Constantinescu
2186:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
2156:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
1855:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
1682:Slovak-Republic.org
1006:: Recipient of the
748:joined NATO in 2004
717:Taiwanese President
615:Academic Solidarity
562:Comenius University
503:Professional career
312:Emil Constantinescu
205:, de facto Bender,
203:Republic of Moldova
96:Alexandru Athanasiu
25:Emil Constantinescu
2402:
1920:Kingdom of Romania
1890:Nicolae Haralambie
1355:on 27 October 2020
1064:(2 September 1998)
832:This section of a
815:Honours and awards
805:Oslo Freedom Forum
767:
724:
655:
606:
566:Charles University
391:This section of a
199:Kingdom of Romania
2529:
2528:
2314:
2313:
2233:Post–1989 Romania
2227:
2226:
2219:Nicolae Ceaușescu
2200:Nicolae Ceaușescu
2056:
2055:
1988:Gheorghe Buzdugan
1914:
1913:
1822:Romanian monarchs
1477:on 23 August 2014
1310:
1309:
1177:Electoral history
1080:Order of St. Olav
937:
936:
929:
911:
837:needs additional
775:Acţiunea Populară
684:and the other in
661:marked the first
485:
484:
477:
459:
368:Romanian politics
309:
308:
2639:
2372:19 November 1939
2371:
2369:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2267:Nicolae Văcăroiu
2146:Mihail Sadoveanu
2110:
2097:Mihail Sadoveanu
2074:
2073:
2000:
1930:
1929:
1873:
1845:
1844:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1744:
1743:
1741:Decree 1317/2000
1738:
1736:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1688:on 13 April 2016
1684:. Archived from
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1499:. Archived from
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1453:
1447:
1446:
1445:. 23 April 2012.
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1415:
1414:
1403:
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1371:
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1351:. Archived from
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1038:
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1024:: Knight of the
1020:
1018:
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1002:
1000:
999:
984:
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981:
952:
950:
949:
940:National honours
932:
925:
921:
918:
912:
910:
869:
850:reliable sources
827:
826:
819:
554:Romanian Academy
480:
473:
469:
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460:
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417:
409:reliable sources
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330:
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288:Eastern Orthodox
188:
185:19 November 1939
184:
182:
170:Personal details
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100:
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71:Nicolae Văcăroiu
67:
58:
35:
21:
20:
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2433:People's Action
2415:Communist Party
2403:
2392:
2375:
2367:
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2350:
2345:
2315:
2310:
2296:
2235:
2223:
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2160:
2120:
2104:
2069:
2065:
2052:
2021:
2005:
1994:
1978:Prince Nicholas
1960:
1944:
1924:King of Romania
1922:
1910:
1894:
1885:Nicolae Golescu
1880:Lascăr Catargiu
1867:
1859:
1834:
1826:
1803:
1794:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1678:"State Honours"
1676:
1675:
1671:
1658:
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1636:
1634:
1633:on 8 April 2023
1630:
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1508:
1503:on 9 June 2010.
1495:
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1336:
1315:
1305: 1st
1304:
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1290: 2nd
1289:
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1261: 2nd
1260:
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1246: 2nd
1245:
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1033:
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1015:
1013:
997:
995:
979:
977:
974:
972:Foreign honours
947:
945:
942:
933:
922:
916:
913:
870:
868:
847:
828:
824:
817:
781:(PNL) in 2008.
771:People's Action
709:
707:Post-presidency
697:1989 revolution
639:
586:
564:in Bratislava;
513:Duke University
505:
481:
470:
464:
461:
418:
416:
406:
387:
383:
376:
360:People's Action
324:
323:
315:
264:
243:People's Action
241:
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234:
226:
225:Other political
214:Political party
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186:
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178:
160:Corneliu Coposu
154:
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125:
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108:
98:
85:
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38:
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2441:(2008–present)
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2312:
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2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2291:Klaus Iohannis
2287:
2285:Traian Băsescu
2282:
2279:Crin Antonescu
2275:
2273:Traian Băsescu
2270:
2263:
2261:Traian Băsescu
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2239:(1989–present)
2229:
2228:
2225:
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2222:
2221:
2215:
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2206:
2205:
2203:
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2197:
2182:
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2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2150:Anton Moisescu
2142:
2137:
2131:
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2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
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2102:Gheorghe Stere
2099:
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2071:
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2057:
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2027:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1985:
1980:
1976:under regents
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1927:
1916:
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1911:
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1851:
1849:
1842:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1797:Heads of state
1793:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1770:
1764:
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1760:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1721:
1699:
1669:
1644:
1612:
1601:on 12 May 2019
1582:
1568:Narodne novine
1554:
1542:
1520:
1506:
1488:
1462:
1448:
1434:
1429:Realitatea.net
1416:
1398:
1366:
1349:"Doina Cornea"
1338:
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1314:
1313:External links
1311:
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1155:
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963:
941:
938:
935:
934:
858:poorly sourced
831:
829:
822:
816:
813:
790:Crin Antonescu
786:Traian Băsescu
752:European Union
720:Chen Shui-bian
708:
705:
638:
635:
585:
582:
568:in Prague and
526:United Kingdom
504:
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483:
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390:
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344:Civic Alliance
307:
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220:(2008–present)
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195:Ținutul Nistru
176:
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135:Leader of the
132:
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110:
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104:Mugur Isărescu
101:
93:
88:
80:
78:Victor Ciorbea
74:
68:
66:Prime Minister
62:
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28:
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2550:
2548:
2547:Living people
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2522:
2521:
2520:Ion Iliescu →
2517:
2515:
2514:
2513:← Ion Iliescu
2510:
2509:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2495:
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2259:
2257:
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2252:
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2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2194:Avram Bunaciu
2191:
2190:Ștefan Voitec
2187:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:State Council
2163:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2114:Ștefan Voitec
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2039:Ion Antonescu
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:Miron Cristea
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1907:
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1901:
1897:
1891:
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1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
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1846:
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1823:
1820:
1818:
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1813:
1810:
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1784:
1779:
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1772:
1771:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1742:
1731:
1725:
1709:
1703:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1666:
1654:
1648:
1629:
1622:
1616:
1600:
1596:
1595:kongehuset.dk
1592:
1586:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1531:(in Romanian)
1530:
1524:
1516:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1476:
1472:
1466:
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1420:
1412:
1408:
1402:
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1381:
1376:
1370:
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1339:
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1316:
1303:
1296:
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1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:Second round
1187:
1171:
1167:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1012:
1009:
1005:
994:
991:
987:
976:
975:
964:
961:
958:
957:
955:
944:
943:
931:
928:
920:
909:
906:
902:
899:
895:
892:
888:
885:
881:
878: –
877:
873:
872:Find sources:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
845:
844:
840:
835:
830:
821:
820:
812:
810:
806:
801:
797:
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
763:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
739:
737:
733:
729:
721:
718:
713:
704:
702:
698:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:privatization
670:
668:
664:
660:
652:
648:
643:
634:
632:
628:
624:
618:
616:
612:
603:
602:United States
599:
594:
590:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
521:
518:
517:United States
514:
510:
500:
496:
494:
490:
479:
476:
468:
457:
454:
450:
447:
443:
440:
436:
433:
429:
426: –
425:
421:
420:Find sources:
414:
410:
404:
403:
399:
394:
389:
380:
379:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
327:
321:
313:
304:
300:
296:
292:
289:
286:
282:
279:
275:
272:
268:
262:
258:
255:
252:
248:
244:
237:
232:
229:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:(age 84)
177:
173:
168:
164:
161:
158:
152:
146:
141:
138:
133:
129:
123:
120:
117:
111:
105:
102:
97:
94:
92:
89:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2518:
2511:
2347:
2306:
2302:
2289:
2277:
2265:
2250:
2184:
2180:Chivu Stoica
2144:
2042:
1836:
1751:Bibliography
1740:
1733:. Retrieved
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1686:the original
1681:
1672:
1664:
1657:. Retrieved
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1628:the original
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:the original
1594:
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1566:
1557:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1523:
1509:
1501:the original
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1475:the original
1465:
1451:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1378:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1353:the original
1342:
1272:
1228:
1195:First round
1192:Affiliation
923:
917:January 2022
914:
904:
897:
890:
883:
871:
860:
843:verification
836:
802:
798:
783:
774:
768:
740:
725:
694:
671:
667:Constitution
656:
647:Bill Clinton
619:
614:
610:
607:
604:in July 1998
598:The Pentagon
587:
550:
548:of the USA.
522:
506:
497:
493:Transnistria
488:
486:
471:
465:January 2022
462:
452:
445:
438:
431:
419:
412:
395:
352:centre-right
347:
337:
311:
310:
227:affiliations
144:
126:Succeeded by
83:Gavril Dejeu
55:
18:
2542:1939 births
2435:(2001–2008)
2429:(1996–2001)
2427:Independent
2423:(1990–1996)
2417:(1965–1989)
2389:(1996–2000)
2256:Ion Iliescu
2246:Ion Iliescu
2212:(1974–1989)
2168:(1961–1974)
2140:Petru Groza
2128:(1948–1961)
2105: [
2080:(1947–1948)
1995: [
1956:Ferdinand I
1926:(1881–1947)
1868: [
1841:(1862–1881)
1735:13 November
1714:25 February
1692:2 September
1319:Appearances
1215:Percentage
1206:Percentage
962:, 1st Class
744:Ion Iliescu
690:Miron Cozma
265:Norina Boru
245:(2001–2008)
238:(1990–1996)
233:(1965–1989)
155:Preceded by
130:Ion Iliescu
119:Ion Iliescu
114:Preceded by
91:Radu Vasile
2536:Categories
2368:1939-11-19
2092:Ion Niculi
2044:Conducător
1839:of Romania
1637:7 February
1535:24 October
1411:HotNews.ro
1347:Rafto.no.
1334:References
887:newspapers
435:newspapers
338:After the
270:Profession
181:1939-11-19
2632:Mineriads
2070:(1965–89)
2064:(1947–65)
2033:Michael I
2026:1940–1947
2010:1930–1940
1972:Michael I
1965:1927–1930
1949:1914–1927
1933:1881–1914
1899:1866–1881
1848:1862–1866
1481:21 August
1294:7,057,906
1279:3,569,941
1250:4,641,207
1235:3,717,006
1218:Position
1209:Position
1189:Election
839:citations
728:Mineriads
701:Timișoara
678:Mineriads
651:Bucharest
396:does not
294:Signature
274:Professor
145:In office
56:In office
2017:Carol II
1837:Domnitor
1659:10 April
1385:Archived
1112:Slovakia
1094:Portugal
865:libelous
756:Bulgaria
750:and the
686:February
576:and the
544:and the
491:part of
489:de facto
284:Religion
260:Children
99:(Acting)
86:(Acting)
2408:Parties
2303:Italics
1940:Carol I
1906:Carol I
1801:Romania
1575:10 July
1380:YouTube
1359:11 July
1148:Ukraine
1040:Finland
1022:Denmark
1004:Croatia
986:Austria
954:Romania
901:scholar
722:in 2008
682:January
600:in the
530:Germany
515:in the
449:scholar
398:include
278:Geology
263:Dragoș
191:Tighina
2487:Events
2458:(wife)
2449:Family
2192:&
2148:&
1391:31 May
1323:C-SPAN
1212:Votes
1203:Votes
1172:(2000)
1163:
1154:(2000)
1145:
1136:(1999)
1130:Turkey
1127:
1118:(2000)
1109:
1100:(2000)
1091:
1082:(1999)
1076:Norway
1073:
1055:
1046:(1998)
1037:
1028:(2000)
1019:
1010:(2000)
1001:
992:(1999)
983:
951:
903:
896:
889:
882:
874:
613:(i.e.
542:France
536:, and
534:Greece
532:, US,
451:
444:
437:
430:
422:
250:Spouse
2364:Born
2109:]
2037:with
1999:]
1872:]
1631:(PDF)
1624:(PDF)
1605:5 May
1552:(PDF)
1299:54.4%
1284:28.2%
1255:38.6%
1240:31.1%
908:JSTOR
894:books
773:(AP;
538:Japan
456:JSTOR
442:books
2358:3rd
2307:Bold
1737:2021
1716:2015
1694:2016
1661:2016
1639:2024
1607:2019
1577:2008
1537:2012
1483:2015
1393:2021
1361:2018
1268:1996
1224:1992
1058:Peru
880:news
841:for
428:news
400:any
175:Born
2041:as
1799:of
1321:on
1274:CDR
1230:CDR
699:in
649:in
617:).
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