1797:(FSN) interim government, as well as the spreading of misinformation. Allegations included Iliescu's apparent involvement in the Mineriad case, in which miners quashed protests against the government. The initial charges, brought forward in 2005, were shortly dropped, until 2014 when the European Court of Human Rights found Iliescu's lack of investigation into the events of Mineriad to be in violation of human rights to life, freedom from inhumane, and degrading treatment and demonstration, and again in 2015, when the Military Prosecutor's Section within the Prosecutor's Office and the Justice Office reopened investigations into the Mineriad protests, accusing Iliescu, along with other accused perpetrators, of coordinating a general and systematic attack against the civilian population during the events from 13 until 15 June 1990 in Bucharest. On 13 June 2017, the Prosecutor's Office indicted Iliescu for crimes against humanity for actions taken by Iliescu during the Mineriad protests. The statement released by the office claimed that the attack illegally involved forces of the Interior Ministry, Defence Ministry, Romanian Intelligence service, as well as the miners and other workers from various areas of the country. The office further alleged that attacks were also carried out against peaceful residents. The case was ultimately rejected in December 2020, as the judges found that the indictment was void and thus could not be used in a trial.
1467:. He began his third term on 20 December of that year, ending on 20 December 2004. The center-right was severely defeated during the 2000 elections due largely to public dissatisfaction with the harsh economic reforms of the previous four years as well as the political instability and infighting of the multiparty coalition. Tudor's extreme views also ensured that most urban voters either abstained or chose Iliescu. The Năstase government, which came to power in this term of Iliescu, continued part of the series of reforms started by the previous governments between 1996 and 2000. During the second term of Ion Iliescu, Romania joined NATO and completed the negotiations for the accession to the European Union. One of the actions of the presidential institution during Ion Iliescu's second term was the establishment of the "International Commission for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania", following diplomatic incidents caused by the Holocaust denial practiced by important figures in the country's leadership. The commission, led by Nobel Peace Prize laureate
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1534:, who had been granted access to Soviet archives, declared that Iliescu and some of the NSF members were KGB agents, that Iliescu had been in close connection with Mikhail Gorbachev ever since they had allegedly met during Iliescu's stay in Moscow, and that the Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a plot organized by the KGB to regain control of the country's policies (gradually lost under Ceaușescu's rule). The only hard evidence published was a discussion between Gorbachev and Bulgaria's
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1050:. He remained in the USSR for the next four years and was arrested upon his return. He was imprisoned by the Romanian authorities from June 1940 to August 1944 and died in August 1945. During his time in the Soviet Union, Alexandru Iliescu divorced and married Marița, a chambermaid. According to Iliescu's own statements, his grandfather, Vasili Ivanovici, was a Russian Jew, who, being persecuted by the tsarist authorities because of his socialist views, took refuge in Romania.
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1351:—the first free election held in the country in 53 years–with Iliescu as its presidential candidate. The FSN won a sweeping victory, taking strong majorities in both chambers. In the separate presidential election, Iliescu won handily, taking 85 percent of the vote, still the largest vote share for a free presidential election. He became Romania's first democratically elected head of state. To date, it is the only time since the
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1208:), formed spontaneously by second-rank Communist party members opposed to the policies of Ceaușescu and non-affiliated participants in the revolt. Iliescu was quickly acknowledged as the leader of the organization and therefore of the provisional authority. He first learned of the revolution when he noticed the Securitate was no longer tailing him.
1487:, but was elected as honorary president of the party in 2006, a position without official executive authority in the party. According to the TVR show "Great Romanians" from 2006 , launched as a campaign to identify the greatest Romanians of all time, out of 100 "Great Romanians" chosen by the participants, Ion Iliescu came in 71st place.
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1649:. Iliescu had to revoke Tănase's pardon a few days later due to the media outcry, claiming that "a legal adviser was superficial in analyzing the case". Later, the humanitarian reasons invoked in the pardon were contradicted by another medical expert opinion. Another controversial pardon was that of Dan Tartagă, a businessman from
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still seek the truth about the revolution. Iliescu's trial is not expected to reach a definitive conclusion. The trial was first postponed to
February 2020 due to Iliescu's declining health and the slow pace of legal proceedings. This case was also rejected in June 2020, as a judge decided the indictment was not valid.
1593:, some newspaper offices and the headquarters of opposition parties, claiming that they were havens of decadence and immorality – drugs, firearms and munitions, "an automatic typewriter", and fake currency. The June 1990 Mineriad in particular was widely criticized both at home and internationally, with one historian (
990:, becoming the country's president in December 1989. In May 1990, he became Romania's first freely elected head of state. After a new constitution was approved by popular referendum, he served a further two terms, firstly from 1992 to 1996 and then secondly from 2000 to 2004, separated by the presidency of
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by "approving military measures, some of which had an evidently diversionary character" during the deadly aftermath of the country's 1989 revolution. In 2020, a judge rejected the case due to irregularities in the indictment. The indictment was remade and in 2023 the Court of
Appeals decided that the
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was reopened. In 2015, after 26 years of prolonged investigation, the authorities concluded that there was no evidence with which they could prosecute. In 2016, the case was ordered to be re-examined by the interim
General Prosecutor. By 2017, military prosecutors had alleged that the events of 1989
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On 8 April 2019, Iliescu was officially charged with crimes against humanity
Iliescu's lawyer Adrian Georgescu complained that the file was illegitimate due to its lack of a prosecutor. In December 2019, Iliescu's trial began to focus on allegations that he had intentionally spread disinformation
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Amid candlelight vigils and other memorial services during the 30th anniversary of the
Romanian Revolution, several survivors of the conflict spoke out against Iliescu's trial, with many claiming it is a publicity stunt on the part of Iohannis to gain popularity from the Romanian population that
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After this point, he was effectively sidelined from the national political scene yet retained his seat on the
Central Committee of the Party; however Ceaușescu could not have him ousted from it until 1985 since he required a majority within the Committee to approve such a measure. Iliescuu was
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to return to his country for Easter celebrations, where he drew large crowds. In
Bucharest, over a million people turned out to see him. Michael's popularity alarmed the government of President Ion Iliescu, so Michael was forbidden to visit Romania again for five years. In 1997, after Iliescu's
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had confirmed
Iliescu and the FSN, resulted in attacks against several state institutions, such as the Ministry of Interior, the Bucharest Police Headquarters and the National Television. Iliescu issued a call to the Romanian people to come and defend the government, prompting several groups of
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in 1965. He also briefly served as the head of the
Department of Propaganda, before taking the job of Minister for Youth-related Issues in 1967. In 1972, he was pressured to resign from this job, since Ceaușescu did not fully trust him and believed that Iliescu would be his successor.
1270:, said that Iliescu and others had planned to take Ceaușescu prisoner in February 1990 while he was out of the capital. However, Iliescu denied this, saying that the nature of the Ceaușescu regime—particularly the Securitate's ubiquity—made advance planning for a coup all but impossible.
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during the revolution of 1989, meaning that he was greatly influential in the FSN's ability to foster support in the
Romanian public. Among the claims investigated were Iliescu's broadcast claim that "unknown terrorists" were responsible for the deaths of Elena and Nicolae Ceaușescu.
1435:, his second-round opponent in 1992. Over 1,000,000 votes were cancelled, leading to accusations of widespread fraud. Nevertheless, Iliescu conceded defeat within hours of polls closing, making him the only incumbent president to lose a bid for re-election since the end of Communism.
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were orchestrated by a misinformation campaign on the part of Iliescu's government, which were disseminated through broadcasting media. Reportedly, this investigation lead to speculation of whether the conflict of 1989 could be classified as a revolution, or else as a
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Though enjoying a certain popularity due to his opposition to Ceaușescu and image as a revolutionary, his political career after 1989 was characterized by multiple controversies and scandals. Public opinion regarding his tenure as president is still divided.
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from 23 May 1990 (after Iliescu's victory in the 20 May elections) in which Gorbachev says that Iliescu holds a "calculated position", and that despite sharing common views with Iliescu, Gorbachev wanted to avoid sharing this impression with the public.
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1673:. This has attracted harsh criticism from all Romanian media. Many of the pardoned had been convicted for corruption or other economic crimes, while one had been imprisoned for his involvement in the attempts at suppressing the 1989 Revolution.
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or generic coalition, and became vulnerable to criticism for using its appeal as the first institution involved in power sharing, while engaging itself in political battles with forces that could not enjoy this status, nor the credibility.
1757:. In April 2015, Iliescu confirmed that he had granted a CIA request for a site in Romania, but was not aware of the nature of the site, describing it as a small gesture of goodwill to an ally in advance of Romania's eventual accession to
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1725:, did not show up to claim the award he received on the same occasion. President Traian Băsescu revoked the award granted to Tudor on 24 May 2007, but a lawsuit is ongoing even after Băsescu's decree was declared constitutional.
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Iliescu and his supporters split from the Front and created the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN), which later evolved into the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR), then the Social Democratic Party (PSD) (see
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who, while drunk, had run over and killed two people on a pedestrian crossing. He was sentenced to three years and a half but was pardoned after only a couple of months. Tartagă was later sentenced to a two-year sentence for
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when he received 61% of the vote in the second round. He immediately suspended his NSDF membership; the Constitution does not allow the president to be a formal member of a political party during his term.
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Rumours abounded for years that Iliescu and other high-ranking Party officials had been planning to overthrow Ceaușescu, but the events of December 1989 overtook them. For instance,
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probably believed that there was a connection between the two, since during Gorbachev's visit to Romania in July 1989, Iliescu was sent outside of Bucharest to prevent any contact.
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1240:-style reforms rather than the complete removal of existing institutions; it can be linked to the warm reception the new regime was given by Mikhail Gorbachev and the rest of the
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and she at the Iulia Hasdeu High School, in Bucharest. The two were married on July 21, 1951; they have no children, not by choice but because they could not, as Nina had three
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operatives. In February 1994 a Bucharest court "found two security officers, Colonel Ion Nicolae and warrant officer Corneliu Dumitrescu, guilty of ransacking the house of
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2952:"Russian dissident who copied the Gorbachev Foundation's archive: Mitterrand and Gorbachev wanted the European Socialist Union, Thatcher opposed Germany's reunification"
1923:("For outstanding contribution to the promotion of friendship and development co-operation between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Romania." – 12 May 2003)
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2536:"Traseul lui Ion Iliescu: Copilul neiubit din mahalaua lăutarilor din Olteniţa, comunistul fericit de la Moscova şi păpuşarul jocurilor politice de după '89"
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in 1944 and the Communist Party in 1953 - becoming a career politician from that point forward. He was nominated and elected to be the secretary of the
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1584:, rascal). On 13 June, an attempt of the authorities to remove from the square around 100 protesters, which had remained in the street even after the
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Council (1974–1979). Until 1989, he was in charge of the Editura Tehnică publishing house. After his removal from the Central Committee in 1985, the
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Chairman of the Council of the National Salvation Front to 13 February 1990, chairman of the Provisional Council of National Unity to 20 June 1990.
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1383:. The main debate around the subject of his commitment to such ideals is linked to the special conditions in Romania, and especially to the strong
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and autarkic attitude visible within the Ceaușescu regime. Critics have pointed out that, unlike most Communist-to-social democrat changes in the
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from 1989 until 1996 and from 2000 until 2004. Between 1996 and 2000 and also from 2004 to 2008, the year in which he retired, Iliescu was a
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In April 2019, Iliescu was admitted to a cardiological medical center in Bucharest. In September 2023, he was hospitalized in Bucharest.
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3657:[Order of the President of Azerbaijan Republic on awarding President of Romania Ion Iliescu with Istiglal Order]. Archived from
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2374:"Dosarul Revoluției, în care Ion Iliescu e acuzat de infracțiuni împotriva umanității, a fost restituit de ÎCCJ la Parchetul Militar"
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Iliescu was raised by his stepmother and by his grandparents. At age 9 he was adopted by an aunt, Aristița, who worked as a cook for
2400:"Procesul împotriva lui Ion Iliescu, acuzat de „infracţiuni contra umanităţii" în Dosarul Revoluției, poate începe (Curtea de Apel)"
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1745:. He was identified as one of the people who authorized or at least knew about and should stand accountable for the operation of a
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defeat by Emil Constantinescu, the Romanian Government restored Michael's citizenship and again allowed him to visit the country.
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Iliescu at the TVR during the Romanian Revolution of 1989. The broadcast was one of the key points of accusation against Iliescu.
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1669:, the leader of the miners during the early 1990s, who had been sentenced in 1999 to 18 years in prison in conjunction with the
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1182:(secret police) kept a closer watch on him, as he was openly in opposition to Ceaușescu's rule while serving on the Committee.
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3539:"Ion Iliescu, plângere la Secția specială pentru magistrați pentru modul în care a fost trimis în judecată dosarul Revoluției"
3474:"Dosarul Mineriadei din 13-15 iunie 1990 nu poate fi judecat. A fost retrimis procurorilor militari pentru refacerea anchetei"
1761:. Iliescu further stated that had he known of the intended use of the site, he would certainly not have approved the request.
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leadership, and the fact that the first post-revolutionary international agreement signed by Romania was with that country.
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1793:. Iliescu was charged for his alleged role in the killing of 862 people during the revolution, at which time he headed the
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982:(PCR) in 1953 and became a member of its Central Committee in 1965. Beginning with 1971, he was gradually marginalized by
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In 1992, three years after the revolution which overthrew the Communist dictatorship, the Romanian government allowed
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Iliescu proposed multi-party elections and an "original democracy". This is widely held to have meant the adoption of
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3715:: 1st Class in 2002 (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table)
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1026:, on 3 March 1930. He was the son of Alexandru Iliescu and Maria Dumitru Toma. His mother, who was originally from
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3352:"Curtea Constituțională a respins excepția invocată de Vadim Tudor in procesul privind Ordinul "Steaua României""
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3655:"İon İliyeskonun "İstiqlal" ordeni ilə təltif edilməsi haqqında AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASI PREZİDENTİNİN FƏRMANI"
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3081:(2004), "Chapter 25: The Security Services since 1989: Turning over a new leaf", in Carey, Henry F. (ed.),
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1200:. After Ceaușescu was overthrown on 22 December, the political vacuum was filled by an organization named
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Most controversial of all, on 15 December 2004, a few days before the end of his last term, Iliescu
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3574:"Procès historique pour l'ex-président roumain Ion Iliescu, jugé pour " crimes contre l'humanité ""
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1601:. Government inquiries later established that the miners were infiltrated and instigated by former
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3414:[Torture in Romania: Former Head of State Iliescu Acknowledges Existence of CIA Prison].
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2027:: Emblema de Onoare al Armatei României ("The Romanian Army's Badge of Honor") – 24 October 2012
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3275:"Ambasada SUA: Nu a inceput anchetarea puscasului marin - Arhiva noiembrie 2007 - HotNews.ro"
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2511:"Secretul rușinos al lui Ion Iliescu. S-a aflat abia acum adevărul despre fostul președinte"
2484:"Secretul rușinos al lui Ion Iliescu. S-a aflat abia acum adevărul despre fostul președinte"
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of the Union of Communist Youth in 1956, and later elected to the Central Committee of the
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3629:"Decretul nr. 157/1971 privind conferirea unor ordine ale Republicii Socialiste România"
2583:"Wikileaks: Care a fost cea mai mare greșeală a lui Ion Iliescu? (traducerea integrală)"
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miners to descend on the capital, armed with wooden clubs and bats. They trashed the
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In April 2018, the General Prosecutor asked that Iliescu be put on trial. President
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Ambasada SUA: Nu a început anchetarea pușcașului marin (in the background section)
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Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
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1685:(rank of ceremonial knighthood) to the controversial, nationalist politician
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In the PSD elections of 21 April 2005, Iliescu lost the Party presidency to
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2767:"Romania: The Bloody Revolution In 1989 -- Historic Facts Remain Obscured"
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approved this request, as well as the proceeding of the prosecution of
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Iliescu ran again and won in the run-off against the ultra-nationalist
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975:(PSD), of which he is the founder and honorary president to this day.
3612:"Executing a dictator: Open wounds of Romania's Christmas revolution"
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3320:"Grațiații lui Iliescu–Năstase: corupți, tîlhari, violatori, țepari"
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Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
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3057:"The Enemy Within: The Romanian Intelligence Service in Transition"
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Romania's president to cancel pardon, pledges to fight corruption
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committed by the interim government headed by Iliescu during the
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1375:, his political stance has veered with time: from a proponent of
911:
30:"Iliescu" redirects here. For other people with the surname, see
3885:(Ion Iliescu – The Secret Biography: "The Manchurian Candidate")
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1431:
but, stripped of media monopoly, he lost in the second round to
1005:. In April 2018, Iliescu was charged in Romania with committing
3521:"1990 'Miners' riot file', returned to the Prosecutor's Office"
2352:
1988:
1970:
1717:
to return their Romanian honours in protest. The leader of the
1662:
1637:
In December 2001, Iliescu pardoned three inmates convicted for
1475:, report assumed and declared "state document" by Ion Iliescu.
1248:
1047:
1010:
trial can start. Iliescu is currently the oldest living former
3939:
83:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
4837:
3178:"King Michael I of Romania won over a nation he barely ruled"
1952:
1934:
1655:
1498:
In 2009, he appeared in a scene in the film Medal of Honor.
5099:
Recipients of the Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay
3861:
3373:
Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights (7 June 2007).
2643:
1758:
1689:, a gesture which drew criticism in the press and prompted
1002:
1681:
In the last days of his president mandate, he awarded the
3500:"Inside Europe: Former Romanian president to stand trial"
1527:
3883:
Ion Iliescu – biografia secretă: "Candidatul manciurian"
1613:, during the miners' incursion and stealing $ 100,000."
3241:
Colaboratorii presedintelui. Opinii – de Octavian PALER
1569:) 1990 to end the protests of the citizens gathered in
1038:
was banned by the authorities. In 1931, he went to the
1113:, when they were both 18-year old students, he at the
3253:"Grațierea lui Iliescu miroase suspect de la o poștă"
1355:
that a president has been elected in a single round.
1196:
The Romanian Revolution began as a popular revolt in
1124:
3084:
Romania since 1989: politics, economics, and society
1832:
Order of the Star of the Romanian Socialist Republic
1363:). Progressively, the Front lost its character as a
643:(as First Secretary of the Union of Communist Youth)
5114:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
5049:
Presidents of the Social Democratic Party (Romania)
2732:"1990 Parliamentary Elections: Chamber of Deputies"
2568:. "Gura lumii despre România", 8 May 1990, quoting
2453:"Care este adevărata mamă a președintelui României"
1809:through the use of broadcast media with the aid of
1391:, Romania's tended to retain various cornerstones.
1044:
Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3403:
2672:
1769:In 2016, a previously closed legal case regarding
1247:Iliescu later evoked the possibility of trying a "
2666:
2664:
2662:
1553:Iliescu, along with other figures in the leading
1478:
1398:Iliescu and U.S. President George W. Bush in 2002
1371:Under the pressure of the events that led to the
5069:Grand Crosses of the Order of Vytautas the Great
4975:
2706:"In Romania, Ceaușescu's death haunts Christmas"
1845:and strategic cooperation between the states by
1174:Council (1972–1974), and later president of the
5109:First Class of the Order of the Star of Romania
3420:(in German). Hamburg, Germany: Spiegel-Verlag.
3145:
1733:Ion Iliescu was mentioned in the report of the
1379:, Iliescu recast himself as a Western European
1001:In 2004, during his presidency, Romania joined
5149:National Salvation Front (Romania) politicians
4909:
4875:
4846:
3588:
3586:
3515:
3513:
2997:"Mineriadele anului 1990, democrația sub bâte"
2675:Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire
2659:
1955:: Knight Grand Cross with Grand Cordon of the
1211:The Ceaușescus were captured, hauled before a
329:Member of the National Salvation Front Council
4823:
4286:
4272:
3955:
3802:(in Danish). 12 December 2017. Archived from
2547:
2545:
2122:
1765:Revolution of 1989 and subsequent accusations
1611:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
1414:
604:Minister of Youth and First Secretary of the
2994:
2426:"3 martie: Ion Iliescu împlinește 93 de ani"
1737:investigator into illegal activities of the
1719:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
1557:, was allegedly responsible for calling the
1526:Some alleged Iliescu had connections to the
360:22 November 1996 – 14 December 2008
341:22 December 1989 – 13 February 1990
269:26 December 1989 – 29 November 1996
220:20 December 2000 – 20 December 2004
5074:People indicted for crimes against humanity
3744:"Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana"
3594:"Romania – a country fighting for its past"
3583:
3510:
3206:Președintele Ion Iliescu a acordat grațieri
2368:
2366:
2297:
2295:
1017:
5044:Politehnica University of Bucharest alumni
4830:
4816:
4279:
4265:
3962:
3948:
3441:
3439:
2611:"Nina și Ion Iliescu: iubire de la 18 ani"
2542:
2478:
2476:
1813:, a member of the FSN and the director of
1521:
1438:
1089:after the 1989 Revolution; he also speaks
190:
76:about living persons that is unsourced or
5084:Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
4839:Presidents of the Social Democratic Party
4800:indicates incumbent/current officeholder.
3766:"Order Zasługi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"
3304:Afacere imobiliară cu iz de TBC la Brașov
2670:
2054:
1885:Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay
1753:from 2003 to 2005, in the context of the
1676:
1597:) comparing the events to Nazi Germany's
1286:
1281:
618:11 December 1967 – 17 March 1971
147:Learn how and when to remove this message
5094:Romanian expatriates in the Soviet Union
4617:Presidium of the Great National Assembly
3314:
3312:
3077:
3071:
2764:
2697:
2603:
2580:
2363:
2292:
1993:Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
1937:: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the
1841:for his contributions to development of
1799:
1508:
1489:
1442:
1418:
1393:
1272:
1217:
1157:
1133:
470:January 1997 – 20 December 2000
398:22 December 1989 – 7 April 1992
379:9 June 1990 – 27 September 1990
4877:Partidul Democrației Sociale în România
3436:
3409:
3049:
2473:
2444:
1337:Domnia Sa/Excelența Sa (His Excellency)
671:28 August 1979 – 16 March 1984
660:President of the National Water Council
439:7 April 1992 – 11 October 1992
14:
5024:Members of the Great National Assembly
4976:
4881:(Party of Social Democracy in Romania)
4848:Frontul Democrat al Salvării Naționale
3281:from the original on 25 September 2012
3111:
2703:
1957:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
1185:
1129:
735:Vice-President of Timiș County Council
4852:(Democratic National Salvation Front)
4811:
4569:Provisional Presidium of the Republic
4260:
3943:
3726:"BOE.es - Documento BOE-A-2003-11674"
3309:
2704:Demian, Sînziana (25 December 2009).
1837:Iliescu was awarded with Azerbaijani
942:
5139:Romanian people of Bulgarian descent
5004:Romanian Communist Party politicians
4168:Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș (1990)
4077:Party of Social Democracy in Romania
3832:from the original on 25 October 2012
3007:from the original on 10 October 2012
2880:from the original on 6 November 2012
2854:from the original on 16 October 2012
2765:Bransten, Jeremy (9 December 1999).
2639:"De ce nu a avut Ion Iliescu urmași"
2581:Dobreanu, Cristina (19 April 2011).
2380:(in Romanian). No. 22 June 2020
2285:resigned from the leadership of the
2049:
1901:: Grand Cross (or 1st Class) of the
1034:views, during a period in which the
963:who served as the second and fourth
818:Party of Social Democracy in Romania
458:Party of Social Democracy in Romania
38:
4071:Democratic National Salvation Front
3902:The supplement dedicated to Iliescu
3617:. United Kingdom. 24 December 2019.
2958:. 28 September 2009. Archived from
2450:
2359:from the original on 18 April 2018.
1868:Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
1423:Ion Iliescu and Emil Constantinescu
955:; born 3 March 1930) is a Romanian
807:Democratic National Salvation Front
427:Democratic National Salvation Front
24:
5129:Romanian people of Russian descent
5124:Saint Sava National College alumni
4040:
3874:
3796:"Modtagere af danske dekorationer"
3424:from the original on 23 April 2015
3094:, pp. 507–510, archived from
1641:, including George Tănase, former
1447:Ion Iliescu with Indian President
1361:Social Democratic Party of Romania
1222:Iliescu (center) with FSN members
1125:Early political career (1944–1989)
1072:Moscow Power Engineering Institute
25:
5160:
5134:Romanian people of Jewish descent
4994:People of the Romanian revolution
3912:
3146:Bianca Pădurean (26 April 2018).
2928:. Income Magazine. Archived from
2792:"Romaian Leaders Battle An Image"
1170:demoted to vice-president of the
1070:and then as a foreign student at
5059:Recipients of the Istiglal Order
5029:Members of the Senate of Romania
4796:indicate interim officeholders.
4323:United Principalities of Romania
3391:from the original on 6 June 2011
3277:(in Romanian). 9 December 2004.
3227:, AP Worldstream, 7 January 2002
2906:(in Romanian). 25 September 2023
2508:
2326:Romanian Social Democratic Party
2043:Order of the Yugoslav Great Star
2031:
2017:
1999:
1981:
1963:
1945:
1927:
1909:
1891:
1873:
1856:
1561:miners to Bucharest on January (
1504:
1307:
921:
717:President of Iași County Council
309:National Salvation Front Council
43:
3969:
3928: (archived 21 October 2004)
3844:
3818:
3788:
3758:
3736:
3718:
3698:
3673:
3647:
3621:
3604:
3566:
3549:
3531:
3492:
3480:(in Romanian). 10 December 2020
3466:
3457:
3410:Verseck, Keno (22 April 2015).
3366:
3344:
3294:
3267:
3245:
3231:
3217:
3196:
3170:
3139:
3105:
3027:"Minerii au terorizat Capitala"
3019:
2988:
2966:
2944:
2918:
2892:
2866:
2836:
2810:
2784:
2771:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2758:
2724:
2647:(in Romanian). 5 September 2008
2631:
2619:(in Romanian). 16 February 2004
2574:
2557:
2528:
2502:
1903:Order of the White Double Cross
1616:
1068:Bucharest Polytechnic Institute
986:. He had a leading role in the
888:Bucharest Polytechnic Institute
844:
27:Romanian politician (born 1930)
5039:Moscow State University alumni
4125:2003 constitutional referendum
4105:1991 constitutional referendum
3922:Ion Iliescu official biography
3112:Murphy, Brian (9 April 2023).
2418:
2406:(in Romanian). 25 October 2023
2392:
2341:
2318:
2276:
2267:
1728:
1479:Post-presidency (2004–present)
13:
1:
4558:Socialist Republic of Romania
3631:(in Romanian). Archived from
3328:(in Romanian). Archived from
3154:(in Romanian). Archived from
2742:. 20 May 1990. Archived from
2451:Dan, Alina (10 August 2012).
2334:
2058:
5089:Romanian democracy activists
3904:(in Romanian), published by
3887:(in Romanian), published by
3579:. France. 29 September 2019.
3562:. France. 29 September 2019.
2820:. Realitatea. Archived from
2213:
2169:
2125:
2094:
1921:Grand Order of King Tomislav
1919:: Knight Grand Cross of the
1843:Azerbaijan-Romania relations
1683:Order of the Star of Romania
1571:University Square, Bucharest
1542:
1053:
54:biography of a living person
7:
3772:(in Polish). Archived from
3306:(in the background section)
2312:membership suspended while
1751:Mihail Kogălniceanu airbase
1427:He ran for a third time in
1404:post-Communist Constitution
1104:
874:Maria Dumitru Toma (mother)
81:must be removed immediately
10:
5165:
4553:Romanian People's Republic
4029:Honorary President of the
2671:Sebetsyen, Victor (2009).
1632:
1609:, a leading figure in the
1546:
1471:, drew up a report on the
1461:2000 presidential election
1451:and Indian Prime Minister
1415:1996 presidential campaign
1406:in 1991. In 1992, Iliescu
1402:Romania adopted its first
1206:Frontul Salvării Naționale
1189:
504:Positions held during the
384:Co-Founding Leader of the
29:
4915:(Social Democratic Party)
4908:
4874:
4845:
4791:
4722:
4699:
4655:
4615:
4567:
4551:
4516:
4500:
4455:
4439:
4423:
4409:
4389:
4354:
4338:
4321:
4303:Heads of state of Romania
4298:
4216:
4208:2002–2007 property bubble
4133:
4093:Elections and referendums
4092:
4051:
4038:
4002:
3977:
3856:21 September 2013 at the
3851:Odlikovanja šakom i kapom
3704:Slovak republic website,
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
1825:
1453:Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1333:
1325:
1315:
1306:
1293:
1266:, the new regime's first
1085:Iliescu learned to speak
929:
917:
907:
897:
881:
854:
829:
790:
764:
759:
755:
740:
733:
722:
715:
703:
691:
675:
664:
659:
647:
634:
622:
611:
603:
592:
580:
569:
558:
547:
539:
528:
520:
516:
512:
502:
498:
486:
474:
463:
455:
443:
432:
424:
412:
391:
383:
372:
364:
353:
345:
334:
327:
315:
297:
277:
272:Acting until 20 June 1990
262:
250:
240:
224:
213:
205:
201:
189:
161:
5119:Romanian revolutionaries
4911:Partidul Social Democrat
4183:1990 Vrancea earthquakes
4178:Bridge of Flowers (1990)
4065:National Salvation Front
4018:National Salvation Front
2324:Not to be confused with
2260:
1975:Order of the White Eagle
1795:National Salvation Front
1345:National Salvation Front
1329:Președintele (President)
1321:Președintele (President)
1202:National Salvation Front
1152:Romanian Communist Party
1144:Union of Communist Youth
1036:Romanian Communist Party
1022:Ion Iliescu was born in
1018:Early life and education
980:Romanian Communist Party
801:National Salvation Front
795:Romanian Communist Party
606:Union of Communist Youth
386:National Salvation Front
4701:President of SR Romania
4083:Social Democratic Party
4031:Social Democratic Party
3681:"Resolución N° 446/996"
1847:President of Azerbaijan
1771:crimes against humanity
1671:September 1991 Mineriad
1665:47 convicts, including
1591:University of Bucharest
1522:Alleged KGB connections
1439:Second term (2000–2004)
1111:Elena "Nina" Șerbănescu
1007:crimes against humanity
973:Social Democratic Party
940:Romanian pronunciation:
892:Moscow State University
823:Social Democratic Party
542:Great National Assembly
425:Founding Leader of the
5079:Romanian propagandists
4910:
4876:
4847:
4666:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
4045:
4026:(1990–1996; 2000–2004)
3382:Parliamentary Assembly
2055:Presidential elections
1805:
1677:Decorating Vadim Tudor
1645:head commissioner for
1514:
1495:
1456:
1424:
1399:
1295:Presidential styles of
1287:First term (1990–1996)
1282:Presidency (1990–2004)
1278:
1231:
1213:drumhead court-martial
1166:
1139:
1115:Saint Sava High School
994:, who defeated him in
944:[iˈoniliˈesku]
815:(1992–1996; 2000–2004)
812:Independent politician
698:Florin Ioan Iorgulescu
68:Please help by adding
4999:Presidents of Romania
4626:Constantin Ion Parhon
4578:Constantin Ion Parhon
4538:between 1940 and 1944
4308:Presidents of Romania
4238:← Emil Constantinescu
4229:Emil Constantinescu →
4120:2000 general election
4115:1996 general election
4110:1992 general election
4100:1990 general election
4044:
3711:13 April 2016 at the
3384:. Council of Europe.
3362:on 27 September 2016.
2926:"Al Cincilea Iliescu"
2039:Serbia and Montenegro
2011:Order of the Elephant
1991:: Grand Cross of the
1811:Aurel Dragoș Munteanu
1803:
1563:January 1990 Mineriad
1512:
1493:
1446:
1422:
1397:
1349:1990 general election
1276:
1221:
1162:Iliescu in 1976 with
1161:
1138:Campaign poster, 1965
1137:
686:Constantin Dăscălescu
400:Serving with
5034:People from Oltenița
4728:President of Romania
4483:Constantin Sărăţeanu
4356:Princely Lieutenancy
4024:President of Romania
4003:Political activities
3983:President of Romania
3211:19 June 2009 at the
2962:on 30 November 2011.
2824:on 27 September 2012
2314:President of Romania
1939:Order of Civil Merit
1834:, First Class (1971)
1687:Corneliu Vadim Tudor
1473:Holocaust in Romania
1465:Corneliu Vadim Tudor
1257:democratic socialism
1042:to take part in the
965:president of Romania
311:(interim government)
208:President of Romania
74:Contentious material
5019:Romanian dissidents
4742:Emil Constantinescu
4677:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
4647:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
4346:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
4222:← Nicolae Ceaușescu
4193:1993 Hădăreni riots
4188:Caritas (1992–1994)
4013:Council (1974–1979)
3754:on 30 October 2013.
3635:on 21 December 2013
3257:www.ziaruldeiasi.ro
3067:on 16 October 2015.
2984:on 1 December 2017.
2740:University of Essex
1775:Romanian Revolution
1494:Ion Iliescu in 2014
1433:Emil Constantinescu
1365:national government
1192:Romanian Revolution
1186:Romanian Revolution
1130:Entry into politics
992:Emil Constantinescu
988:Romanian Revolution
978:Iliescu joined the
902:Romanian Revolution
629:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
367:Chamber of Deputies
322:Emil Constantinescu
246:Emil Constantinescu
4411:Kingdom of Romania
4381:Nicolae Haralambie
4198:Snagov Declaration
4046:
3935:Ion Iliescu's blog
3908:, 22 December 2004
3906:Academia Cațavencu
3101:on 5 November 2012
2995:Constantin Petre.
2956:english.hotnews.ro
2798:. 17 December 1992
2796:The New York Times
2746:on 5 February 2012
2552:The New York Times
2289:on 26 January 1990
1852:on 6 October 2004.
1806:
1567:June 1990 Mineriad
1515:
1496:
1457:
1449:A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
1425:
1400:
1279:
1232:
1167:
1140:
1012:Romanian president
785:Kingdom of Romania
5014:Romanian bloggers
5009:Romanian atheists
4971:
4970:
4805:
4804:
4724:Post–1989 Romania
4718:
4717:
4710:Nicolae Ceaușescu
4691:Nicolae Ceaușescu
4547:
4546:
4479:Gheorghe Buzdugan
4405:
4404:
4313:Romanian monarchs
4254:
4253:
4016:President of the
3600:. 4 January 2020.
3325:Evenimentul Zilei
3184:. 6 December 2017
3037:on 8 October 2012
3001:Evenimentul Zilei
2974:"Dovada Bukovski"
2690:978-0-375-42532-5
2679:. New York City:
2616:Jurnalul Național
2458:Evenimentul Zilei
2355:. 17 April 2018.
2258:
2257:
2050:Electoral history
1959:– 15 October 2003
1735:Council of Europe
1711:Alexandru Andrieș
1707:Gheorghe Ciuhandu
1699:Radio Free Europe
1691:Nobel Peace Prize
1532:Vladimir Bukovsky
1408:won a second term
1353:Fall of Communism
1341:
1340:
1334:Alternative style
1148:Central Committee
1080:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1076:Mikhail Gorbachev
984:Nicolae Ceaușescu
933:
932:
862:Alexandru Iliescu
751:
750:
583:Central Committee
456:President of the
348:Senate of Romania
304:Nicolae Ceaușescu
157:
156:
149:
131:
57:needs additional
32:Iliescu (surname)
16:(Redirected from
5156:
4948:
4913:
4879:
4850:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4809:
4808:
4758:Nicolae Văcăroiu
4637:Mihail Sadoveanu
4601:
4588:Mihail Sadoveanu
4565:
4564:
4491:
4421:
4420:
4364:
4336:
4335:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4258:
4257:
4245:Traian Băsescu →
3994:
3992:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3941:
3940:
3933:
3920:
3868:
3867:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3776:on 9 August 2022
3762:
3756:
3755:
3750:. Archived from
3748:www.quirinale.it
3740:
3734:
3733:
3722:
3716:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3661:on 30 March 2012
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3590:
3581:
3580:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3506:. 12 April 2019.
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3390:
3379:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3358:. Archived from
3348:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3332:on 16 April 2013
3316:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3263:on 16 July 2011.
3259:. Archived from
3249:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3215:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3089:
3079:Deletant, Dennis
3075:
3069:
3068:
3063:. Archived from
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3033:. Archived from
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2980:. Archived from
2970:
2964:
2963:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2932:on 23 March 2012
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2874:"House of Tudor"
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2736:www2.essex.ac.uk
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2678:
2668:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2578:
2572:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2345:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2299:
2290:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2254:
2239:
2210:
2195:
2166:
2151:
2120:
2059:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2009:: Knight of the
2005:
2003:
2002:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1866:: Collar of the
1862:
1860:
1859:
1713:, and historian
1536:Aleksandar Lilov
1311:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1268:Defense Minister
1264:Nicolae Militaru
1253:social democracy
954:
953:
952:
946:
941:
925:
870:
848:
846:
778:
774:
772:
760:Personal details
745:
727:
706:
694:
678:
669:
650:
637:
625:
616:
597:
574:
563:
552:
533:
500:
499:
489:
477:
468:
446:
437:
415:
396:
377:
358:
339:
318:
300:
292:Nicolae Văcăroiu
288:Theodor Stolojan
280:
273:
267:
253:
243:
227:
218:
206:2nd and 4th
194:
159:
158:
152:
145:
141:
138:
132:
130:
89:
70:reliable sources
47:
46:
39:
21:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5144:Former Marxists
4974:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4958:Viorica Dăncilă
4942:
4916:
4914:
4904:
4882:
4880:
4870:
4853:
4851:
4841:
4836:
4806:
4801:
4787:
4726:
4714:
4695:
4651:
4611:
4595:
4560:
4556:
4543:
4512:
4496:
4485:
4469:Prince Nicholas
4451:
4435:
4415:King of Romania
4413:
4401:
4385:
4376:Nicolae Golescu
4371:Lascăr Catargiu
4358:
4350:
4325:
4317:
4294:
4285:
4255:
4250:
4212:
4173:Golaniad (1990)
4129:
4088:
4059:Communist Party
4047:
4036:
3998:
3990:
3988:
3973:
3968:
3931:
3926:Wayback Machine
3918:
3915:
3889:Ziaristi Online
3881:Vladimir Alexe—
3877:
3875:Further reading
3872:
3871:
3865:
3858:Wayback Machine
3849:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3828:(in Romanian).
3824:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3807:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3713:Wayback Machine
3703:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3685:www.impo.com.uy
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3592:
3591:
3584:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3525:www.actmedia.eu
3519:
3518:
3511:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3453:. 8 April 2019.
3445:
3444:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3408:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3377:
3371:
3367:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3284:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3213:Wayback Machine
3202:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3158:on 4 April 2023
3144:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3118:Washington Post
3110:
3106:
3098:
3092:Lexington Books
3087:
3076:
3072:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2993:
2989:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2669:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2579:
2575:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2543:
2538:. 3 March 2015.
2534:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2509:Popa, Claudiu.
2507:
2503:
2493:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2432:. 30 March 2023
2428:(in Romanian).
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2351:(in Romanian).
2347:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2300:
2293:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2253: 1st
2252:
2249:
2248:
2238: 1st
2237:
2234:
2233:
2209: 2nd
2208:
2205:
2204:
2194: 1st
2193:
2190:
2189:
2165: 1st
2164:
2161:
2160:
2150: 1st
2149:
2146:
2145:
2119: 1st
2118:
2115:
2114:
2057:
2052:
2032:
2030:
2018:
2016:
2000:
1998:
1982:
1980:
1964:
1962:
1946:
1944:
1928:
1926:
1910:
1908:
1892:
1890:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1855:
1828:
1767:
1731:
1715:Randolph Braham
1679:
1647:Ialomița County
1643:Financial Guard
1635:
1619:
1551:
1545:
1524:
1513:Iliescu in 2013
1507:
1481:
1441:
1417:
1381:social democrat
1317:Reference style
1299:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1277:Iliescu in 1990
1194:
1188:
1164:Elena Ceaușescu
1132:
1127:
1109:In 1948 he met
1107:
1064:fluid mechanics
1056:
1020:
948:
947:
939:
890:
877:
864:
850:
847: 1951)
842:
838:
821:
816:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
797:
791:Political party
779:
776:
770:
768:
746:
741:
728:
723:
704:
692:
684:
676:
670:
665:
648:
635:
623:
617:
612:
598:
593:
587:Communist Party
575:
570:
564:
559:
553:
548:
534:
529:
508:
487:
475:
469:
464:
444:
438:
433:
413:
408:
397:
392:
378:
373:
359:
354:
340:
335:
316:
307:
298:
290:
286:
278:
271:
270:
268:
263:
251:
241:
233:
225:
219:
214:
197:
196:Iliescu in 2004
185:
164:
153:
142:
136:
133:
90:
88:
67:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5162:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4963:Marcel Ciolacu
4960:
4955:
4950:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4924:Adrian Năstase
4920:
4918:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4900:Adrian Năstase
4897:
4892:
4890:Oliviu Gherman
4886:
4884:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4866:Oliviu Gherman
4863:
4857:
4855:
4843:
4842:
4835:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4812:
4803:
4802:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4782:Klaus Iohannis
4778:
4776:Traian Băsescu
4773:
4770:Crin Antonescu
4766:
4764:Traian Băsescu
4761:
4754:
4752:Traian Băsescu
4749:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4730:(1989–present)
4720:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4641:Anton Moisescu
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4593:Gheorghe Stere
4590:
4585:
4574:
4572:
4562:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4476:
4471:
4467:under regents
4459:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4418:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4333:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4288:Heads of state
4284:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4261:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4233:
4232:
4225:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4161:September 1991
4158:
4153:
4148:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4085:(2001–present)
4080:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4033:(2001–present)
4027:
4021:
4014:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3985:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3929:
3914:
3913:External links
3911:
3910:
3909:
3899:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3843:
3817:
3806:on 12 May 2019
3787:
3757:
3735:
3717:
3697:
3672:
3646:
3620:
3603:
3582:
3565:
3548:
3530:
3509:
3491:
3465:
3456:
3435:
3402:
3365:
3343:
3308:
3293:
3266:
3244:
3230:
3216:
3195:
3169:
3138:
3104:
3070:
3048:
3031:România liberă
3018:
2987:
2965:
2943:
2917:
2891:
2865:
2835:
2809:
2783:
2757:
2723:
2696:
2689:
2681:Pantheon Books
2658:
2630:
2602:
2588:România liberă
2573:
2565:România Liberă
2556:
2541:
2527:
2515:www.capital.ro
2501:
2472:
2443:
2417:
2391:
2362:
2353:Știrile Pro TV
2339:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2317:
2291:
2283:Dumitru Mazilu
2275:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2028:
2014:
1996:
1978:
1960:
1942:
1941:– 10 June 2003
1924:
1906:
1888:
1870:
1853:
1839:Istiglal Order
1835:
1827:
1824:
1787:Klaus Iohannis
1766:
1763:
1747:CIA black site
1730:
1727:
1678:
1675:
1634:
1631:
1618:
1615:
1595:Andrei Pippidi
1547:Main article:
1544:
1541:
1523:
1520:
1506:
1503:
1480:
1477:
1440:
1437:
1416:
1413:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1224:Dumitru Mazilu
1190:Main article:
1187:
1184:
1142:He joined the
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1106:
1103:
1062:. He studied
1055:
1052:
1019:
1016:
931:
930:
927:
926:
919:
915:
914:
909:
905:
904:
899:
895:
894:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
872:
858:
856:
852:
851:
840:
834:
833:
831:
827:
826:
825:(2004–present)
792:
788:
787:
766:
762:
761:
757:
756:
753:
752:
749:
748:
738:
737:
731:
730:
720:
719:
713:
712:
707:
701:
700:
695:
689:
688:
679:
677:Prime Minister
673:
672:
662:
661:
657:
656:
651:
645:
644:
638:
632:
631:
626:
624:Prime Minister
620:
619:
609:
608:
601:
600:
590:
589:
581:Member of the
578:
577:
567:
566:
556:
555:
545:
544:
540:Member of the
537:
536:
526:
525:
521:Member of the
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
503:
496:
495:
493:Adrian Năstase
490:
484:
483:
481:Oliviu Gherman
478:
472:
471:
461:
460:
453:
452:
450:Oliviu Gherman
447:
441:
440:
430:
429:
422:
421:
416:
410:
409:
406:Dumitru Mazilu
399:
389:
388:
381:
380:
370:
369:
365:Member of the
362:
361:
351:
350:
346:Member of the
343:
342:
332:
331:
325:
324:
319:
313:
312:
306:(as President)
301:
295:
294:
281:
279:Prime Minister
275:
274:
260:
259:
257:Traian Băsescu
254:
248:
247:
244:
238:
237:
235:Adrian Năstase
231:Mugur Isărescu
228:
226:Prime Minister
222:
221:
211:
210:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
187:
186:
165:
162:
155:
154:
78:poorly sourced
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5161:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4989:Living people
4987:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4953:Liviu Dragnea
4951:
4949:
4946:
4941:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4929:Mircea Geoană
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4849:
4844:
4840:
4833:
4828:
4826:
4821:
4819:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4799:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4685:Avram Bunaciu
4682:
4681:Ștefan Voitec
4678:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:State Council
4654:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4606:
4605:Ștefan Voitec
4603:
4599:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4530:Ion Antonescu
4527:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4489:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:Miron Cristea
4472:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
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4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4395:
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4392:
4388:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4277:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4151:February 1990
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4084:
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4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4043:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4009:President of
4008:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3936:
3932:(in Romanian)
3930:
3927:
3923:
3919:(in Romanian)
3917:
3916:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3897:973-581-036-0
3894:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3847:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3805:
3801:
3800:kongehuset.dk
3797:
3791:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3706:State honours
3701:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3616:
3613:
3607:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3578:
3575:
3569:
3561:
3558:
3552:
3545:. 8 May 2019.
3544:
3540:
3534:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3479:
3478:www.digi24.ro
3475:
3469:
3460:
3452:
3448:
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3440:
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3376:
3369:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3305:
3301:(in Romanian)
3297:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3238:(in Romanian)
3234:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3203:(in Romanian)
3199:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2979:
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2813:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2712:. Cluj Napoca
2711:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2591:(in Romanian)
2590:
2589:
2584:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2531:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2490:(in Romanian)
2489:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2461:(in Romanian)
2460:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2405:
2404:www.digi24.ro
2401:
2395:
2379:
2378:www.digi24.ro
2375:
2369:
2367:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2270:
2266:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:Second round
2060:
2044:
2040:
2029:
2026:
2015:
2012:
2008:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:War on terror
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:, songwriter
1708:
1704:
1701:journalists,
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1599:Kristallnacht
1596:
1592:
1587:
1586:May elections
1583:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1511:
1505:Controversies
1502:
1499:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1485:Mircea Geoană
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1292:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
945:
937:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:
910:
906:
903:
900:
896:
893:
889:
886:
884:
880:
873:
868:
863:
860:
859:
857:
853:
837:
832:
828:
824:
819:
813:
808:
802:
796:
793:
789:
786:
782:
777:(age 94)
767:
763:
758:
754:
744:
739:
736:
732:
726:
721:
718:
714:
711:
708:
702:
699:
696:
690:
687:
683:
680:
674:
668:
663:
658:
655:
652:
646:
642:
639:
633:
630:
627:
621:
615:
610:
607:
602:
596:
591:
588:
584:
579:
573:
568:
562:
557:
551:
546:
543:
538:
532:
527:
524:
523:State Council
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:Communist era
501:
497:
494:
491:
485:
482:
479:
473:
467:
462:
459:
454:
451:
448:
442:
436:
431:
428:
423:
420:
417:
411:
407:
403:
395:
390:
387:
382:
376:
371:
368:
363:
357:
352:
349:
344:
338:
333:
330:
326:
323:
320:
314:
310:
305:
302:
296:
293:
289:
285:
282:
276:
266:
261:
258:
255:
249:
245:
239:
236:
232:
229:
223:
217:
212:
209:
204:
200:
193:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
160:
151:
148:
140:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98: –
97:
96:"Ion Iliescu"
93:
92:Find sources:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
65:
64:
60:
55:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4940:Rovana Plumb
4938:
4934:Victor Ponta
4894:
4860:
4797:
4793:
4780:
4768:
4756:
4746:
4736:
4675:
4671:Chivu Stoica
4635:
4533:
4327:
4243:
4236:
4227:
4220:
4146:January 1990
3995:3 March 1930
3970:
3882:
3866:(in Serbian)
3846:
3834:. Retrieved
3820:
3808:. Retrieved
3804:the original
3799:
3790:
3778:. Retrieved
3774:the original
3770:prezydent.pl
3769:
3760:
3752:the original
3747:
3738:
3729:
3720:
3700:
3688:. Retrieved
3684:
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3659:the original
3649:
3637:. Retrieved
3633:the original
3623:
3615:
3606:
3597:
3577:
3568:
3560:
3551:
3542:
3533:
3524:
3503:
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3477:
3468:
3459:
3450:
3426:. Retrieved
3415:
3405:
3393:. Retrieved
3381:
3368:
3360:the original
3355:
3346:
3334:. Retrieved
3330:the original
3323:
3296:
3283:. Retrieved
3269:
3261:the original
3256:
3247:
3233:
3224:
3219:
3198:
3186:. Retrieved
3181:
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3156:the original
3151:
3141:
3129:. Retrieved
3117:
3107:
3096:the original
3083:
3073:
3065:the original
3060:
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3035:the original
3021:
3009:. Retrieved
2990:
2982:the original
2977:
2968:
2960:the original
2955:
2946:
2934:. Retrieved
2930:the original
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2903:
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2848:SF Bay Times
2847:
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2822:the original
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2786:
2774:. Retrieved
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2744:the original
2735:
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2709:
2699:
2674:
2649:. Retrieved
2642:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2614:
2605:
2593:. Retrieved
2586:
2576:
2563:
2559:
2530:
2518:. Retrieved
2514:
2504:
2492:. Retrieved
2487:
2463:. Retrieved
2456:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2403:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2377:
2343:
2320:
2278:
2269:
2220:
2176:
2132:
2101:
2068:First round
2065:Affiliation
1850:Ilham Aliyev
1820:
1807:
1784:
1768:
1732:
1680:
1660:
1636:
1620:
1617:King Michael
1581:
1565:) and June (
1552:
1525:
1516:
1500:
1497:
1482:
1458:
1426:
1401:
1389:Eastern Bloc
1376:
1370:
1357:
1342:
1326:Spoken style
1298:
1261:
1246:
1235:
1233:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1172:Timiș County
1168:
1141:
1119:miscarriages
1108:
1084:
1057:
1040:Soviet Union
1021:
1000:
977:
935:
934:
836:Nina Iliescu
775:3 March 1930
742:
724:
705:Succeeded by
666:
649:Succeeded by
641:Petru Enache
613:
594:
571:
560:
549:
530:
488:Succeeded by
465:
445:Succeeded by
434:
414:Succeeded by
393:
374:
355:
336:
317:Succeeded by
264:
252:Succeeded by
215:
143:
137:January 2022
134:
124:
117:
110:
103:
91:
80:
63:verification
56:
36:
4984:1930 births
4895:Ion Iliescu
4861:Ion Iliescu
4747:Ion Iliescu
4737:Ion Iliescu
4703:(1974–1989)
4659:(1961–1974)
4631:Petru Groza
4619:(1948–1961)
4596: [
4571:(1947–1948)
4486: [
4447:Ferdinand I
4417:(1881–1947)
4359: [
4332:(1862–1881)
4203:2002 floods
4079:(1993–2001)
4073:(1992–1993)
4067:(1990–1992)
4061:(1953–1984)
4020:(1990–1992)
4011:Iași County
3971:Ion Iliescu
3864:, 9-9-2004
3690:27 November
3598:The Article
3417:Der Spiegel
3356:www.ziua.ro
3336:21 February
3041:28 December
3011:28 December
2978:www.ziua.ro
2936:28 December
2884:28 December
2858:28 December
2828:28 December
2802:24 November
2776:24 November
2710:Global Post
2570:Paris Match
2436:21 November
2410:13 December
2088:Percentage
2079:Percentage
1791:Petre Roman
1780:coup d'état
1741:in Europe,
1729:Black sites
1695:Elie Wiesel
1667:Miron Cozma
1469:Elie Wiesel
1385:nationalist
1377:Perestroika
1300:Ion Iliescu
1237:Perestroika
1228:Petre Roman
1226:(left) and
1097:, and some
936:Ion Iliescu
865: [
820:(1996–2000)
804:(1989–1992)
798:(1953–1989)
693:Preceded by
682:Ilie Verdeț
654:Dan Marțian
636:Preceded by
476:Preceded by
419:Petre Roman
402:Petre Roman
299:Preceded by
284:Petre Roman
242:Preceded by
163:Ion Iliescu
4978:Categories
4917:since 2001
4583:Ion Niculi
4535:Conducător
4330:of Romania
3991:1930-03-03
3836:24 October
3730:www.boe.es
3665:20 January
3463:Voiculescu
3188:1 February
3131:1 February
3090:, Oxford:
2910:17 October
2335:References
2108:12,232,498
1743:Dick Marty
1723:Béla Markó
1697:, fifteen
1603:Securitate
1577:(from the
1559:Jiu Valley
1251:model" of
1180:Securitate
1060:Ana Pauker
957:politician
883:Alma mater
771:1930-03-03
747:1971–1974
107:newspapers
5104:Mineriads
4883:1993–2001
4854:1992–1993
4561:(1965–89)
4555:(1947–65)
4524:Michael I
4517:1940–1947
4501:1930–1940
4463:Michael I
4456:1927–1930
4440:1914–1927
4424:1881–1914
4390:1866–1881
4339:1862–1866
4156:June 1990
4141:Mineriads
3484:27 August
3126:0190-8286
2904:newsbv.ro
2844:"Article"
2750:27 August
2651:28 August
2623:28 August
2595:28 August
2494:27 August
2465:27 August
2384:27 August
2242:6,696,623
2227:4,076,273
2198:5,914,579
2183:4,081,093
2154:7,393,429
2139:5,633,465
2091:Position
2082:Position
2062:Election
1703:Timișoara
1626:Michael I
1607:Ion Rațiu
1543:Mineriads
1373:Mineriads
1198:Timișoara
1054:Education
1032:communist
918:Signature
898:Known for
743:In office
729:1974–1979
725:In office
710:Ion Badea
667:In office
614:In office
599:1965–1984
595:In office
576:1975–1985
572:In office
565:1965–1973
561:In office
554:1957–1961
550:In office
535:1979–1980
531:In office
466:In office
435:In office
394:In office
375:In office
356:In office
337:In office
265:In office
216:In office
59:citations
4508:Carol II
4328:Domnitor
3891:, 2000;
3854:Archived
3830:Archived
3709:Archived
3451:BBC News
3428:22 April
3422:Archived
3395:11 March
3386:Archived
3279:Archived
3209:Archived
3182:euronews
3162:9 August
3005:Archived
2878:Archived
2852:Archived
2716:30 March
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