723:
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988:
337:
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836:, the Minister of Corporations, who was sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment by the RSI judges. De Bono and the other condemned, tied to chairs as it was in use in Italy, suffered the humiliation of being shot in the back as traitors. After hearing the sentence, De Bono reportedly remarked "You barely got me; I am seventy-eight", but later complained about being shot in the back, which he considered a stain to his honour as a soldier.
1856:
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880:
1032:
40:
1083:
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648:
Mussolini separately involved the Army in planning, and over the next two years, the army developed its own massive campaign, which would involve five to six times the number of troops as required by De Bono. In 1934, Mussolini pulled the uncoordinated plans together into one that emphasized the
831:
and
Mussolini's son-in-law. Gottardi was the former president of the Fascist Confederation of Industrial workers. Marinelli was the former chief of the Fascist militia and Pareschi was the former Agriculture Minister. The only person on trial who escaped from capital punishment was
668:
of the forces invading from
Italian-held Eritrea on what was known as the "northern front". De Bono had under his direct command a force of nine army divisions in three corps: the Italian I Corps, the Italian II Corps and the Eritrean Corps.
454:. He was one of the key figures behind Italy's anti-partisan policies in Libya, such as the use of poison gas and concentration camps, which resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of civilians and have been described as genocidal.
608:. De Bono was one of the key figures behind Italy's anti-partisan policies in Libya, such as poison gas and concentration camps, which resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of civilians and have been described as genocidal.
695:, which was to be the limit of Italian advances under De Bono. Increasing world pressure on Mussolini brought a need for fast glittering victories, and he was not prepared to hear of obstacles or delays.
664:. De Bono was appointed because Mussolini wanted the victory in Ethiopia to be not just an Italian victory but also a fascist, hence the appointment of a well-known fascist general. In addition, he was
2624:
3367:
2836:
848:, as he stated in his "Memoirs" in 1941: "Atheism is enlightened and rational, based on scientific principles. I, as a member of the military, admire reason, and for that I'm an atheist".
3462:
3457:
2617:
750:; he filed a scathing report about the condition of the troops in Sicily, pointing out that the "mobile battalions" were not mobile at all, and harshly criticizing both the
3452:
3422:
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1065:
645:, establish strong bases and then advance against increasingly weak and disorganised opponents. The invasion that De Bono envisioned would be cheap, easy, safe and slow.
3447:
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1055:
3407:
2829:
2610:
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706:), but Mussolini grew ever more impatient with the invasion's slow progress. In December, De Bono was relieved of his command via State Telegram 13181 (
3432:
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153:
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3113:
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600:. De Bono refused to implicate his superiors and was unexpectedly acquitted in 1925. Later that year, De Bono was appointed governor of
710:), which stated that with the capture of Mek'ele five weeks earlier, his mission had been accomplished. His place was taken by Marshal
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110:
2807:
tc = G. of
Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. v = Deputy of the G. of Cyrenaica (G. of Tripolitania). h = Honorary since 1-1-1934.
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641:. The plan outlined a traditional mode of penetration: a relatively-small force would move gradually southward from
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3337:
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1916:
1503:
612:
533:
494:
465:. All of the men were found guilty, with De Bono and four others being executed by firing squad the following day.
54:
1805:
1593:
549:
999:
2656:
1025:
865:
193:
672:
On 3 October, forces under De Bono's command crossed into
Ethiopia from Eritrea. On 6 October his forces took
3028:
2903:
2756:
811:
On 11 January 1944, the 77-year-old De Bono was executed by firing squad at Verona. He was shot along with
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and the Anti-Aircraft
Defense Militia. However, he kept a low profile and in 1942 was appointed
3197:
3041:
3013:
2893:
2366:
2207:
1977:
1174:
Experimentierfeld der Gewalt. Der
Abessinienkrieg und seine internationale Bedeutung 1935–1941.
579:
537:
293:
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1316:
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cm=Commanders. c=Commissioners. cg=Commissioners-General. v=Vice-Governor. p=As a part of
987:
8:
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2402:
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2181:
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1722:
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1166:
Re-conquest and
Suppression: Fascist Italy's Pacification of Libya and Ethiopia, 1922–39.
1093:
851:
His siblings were
Edmondo, Agostino, Constanza, Gerardo and Marella. He had no children.
688:
and rode a white horse. After those initial triumphs, however, De Bono's advance slowed.
616:
593:
After the march, De Bono served as Chief of Police and
Commander of the Fascist Militia.
75:
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1944:
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820:
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796:, RSI). Mussolini had De Bono and others who voted against him arrested and tried for
777:. That led the King to get rid of the dictator, ordering his arrest and imprisonment.
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In 1925, De Bono was tried for his role in the 1924 death of the leftist politician
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2010:
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2150:
2101:
2081:
2038:
2015:
1967:
1939:
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1469:
1445:
1108:
833:
785:
711:
681:
513:
509:
481:, and Elisa Bazzi. His family "suffered under the Austrian yoke". He entered the
447:
146:
1041:
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2711:
2545:
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2412:
2376:
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1949:
1934:
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176:
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2498:
2381:
2315:
2279:
2053:
1712:
1667:
587:
565:
553:
548:("Mount Grappa, you are my Fatherland"). During the war he was awarded three
517:
963:
726:
A photograph of De Bono taken in Rome on 21 November 1940. He is in between
430:(19 March 1866 – 11 January 1944) was an Italian general, fascist activist,
3003:
2995:
2962:
2924:
2761:
2661:
2550:
2397:
2289:
2274:
2119:
2096:
2091:
1743:
1672:
927:
899:
805:
781:
601:
462:
415:
3046:
2361:
2294:
2171:
1893:
1872:
1779:
1657:
1123:
770:
583:
525:
407:
389:
1608:
2248:
947:
Grand
Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (8 April 1923)
939:
Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (30 December 1919)
891:
692:
478:
300:
1368:. Stanford, California: Hoover Institute Press, Stanford University.
1114:
915:
766:
742:
In 1940, De Bono commanded a southern defense corps headquartered in
650:
497:, and had worked his way up to the General Staff by the start of the
461:, De Bono and five others were arrested and tried for treason at the
248:
951:
931:
Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (12 January 1919)
2632:
1172:, Band 28, Nr. 6, 2005, S. 1005–1032, hier S. 1009; Aram Mattioli:
1119:
638:
1855:
1404:
Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915-1945
1104:
1031:
845:
797:
642:
532:
in 1916 (as commander of the "Trapani" Infantry Brigade), in the
521:
39:
975:
Commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy (13 September 1918)
911:
Knight Grand Cross of the Military Order of Savoy (19 June 1936)
879:
590:. The event signalled the start of the fascist regime in Italy.
2844:
1082:
801:
743:
269:
265:
1343:"25 luglio 1943: la caduta del fascismo e i suoi protagonisti"
983:
Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy (1 June 1919)
967:
Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy (13 September 1917)
761:
On 24 and 25 July 1943, De Bono was one of the members of the
615:, also referred to as the Minister of Colonies. In 1932, King
1051:
903:
Grand Officer of the Military Order of Savoy (10 August 1928)
673:
605:
3368:
Italian military personnel of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1297:
1295:
788:
and installed in Northern Italy as head of a new state, the
477:, a son of Giovanni de Bono and descendant of the Counts of
1835:
895:
Commander of the Military Order of Savoy (9 September 1918)
691:
On 8 November, the I Corps and the Eritrean Corps captured
685:
1061:
1010:
714:, and De Bono was appointed Inspector of Overseas Troops.
3463:
Grand Officers of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
1292:
1066:
Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Austrian War 1915–1918
844:
Like his maternal grandfather, Emilio was reportedly an
1056:
Commemorative Medal for the Italo-Turkish War 1911–1912
544:). He was also the author of a popular patriotic song,
3458:
Commanders of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
3128:
2580:(merged into Ministry of Finance on 31 December 1922)
1366:
Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia, and the League of Nations
1261:
Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia, and the League of Nations
1248:
Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia, and the League of Nations
1202:
1100:(Gold Cross with Royal Crown for 40 years of service)
660:
of the Italian operation against Ethiopia during the
637:'s request, De Bono wrote a plan for an invasion of
3453:
Officers of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
3423:
Royal Italian Army personnel killed in World War II
3363:
Italian military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War
1077:
Commemorative Medal of the Unity of Italy 1848–1918
3448:Knights of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
3443:Knights Grand Cross of the Military Order of Savoy
501:in 1911. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the
734:and is easily identified by his signature beard.
3408:Recipients of the Silver Medal of Military Valor
3309:
1820:
1003:Knight Grand Cross with the Grand Cordon of the
773:, put a nonconfidence motion to the vote of the
578:In the early 1920s, De Bono helped organize the
16:Italian general and fascist activist (1866–1944)
746:and was opposed to the Italian entry into the
552:; in 1920, he was discharged with the rank of
3438:Grand Officers of the Military Order of Savoy
3383:Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy
3114:
2830:
2618:
1806:
1594:
1014:Knight Grand Cross of Magistral Grace of the
622:
3413:Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Italy)
1046:Commemorative Medal of the African Campaigns
67:12 September 1929 – 17 January 1935
2268:Minister of Justice and Affairs of Religion
1442:The Italian Invasion of Abyssinia 1935-1936
993:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
869:(1973), De Bono is played by Mario Maffei.
123:18 January 1935 – 22 November 1935
3121:
3107:
2837:
2823:
2625:
2611:
2560:Minister of Freed Territories from Enemies
1813:
1799:
1601:
1587:
512:in which he distinguished himself against
38:
3433:Commanders of the Military Order of Savoy
3418:Recipients of the War Merit Cross (Italy)
3358:Italian military personnel of World War I
1678:Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta
1470:Newspaper clippings about Emilio De Bono
1401:
1266:
1087:Commemorative Medal of the March on Rome
721:
698:On 16 November, De Bono was promoted to
468:
3378:Members of the Grand Council of Fascism
1439:
1420:
1124:Voluntary Militia for National Security
166:3 July 1925 – 18 December 1928
3428:Knights of the Military Order of Savoy
3310:
2427:Minister of Labour and Social Security
1382:
1221:"La Canzone del Grappa compie 90 anni"
1197:
1195:
780:Later in 1943, Mussolini was freed by
680:. Soon afterward, De Bono entered the
676:, officially avenging the humiliating
3102:
2818:
2606:
1926:Minister of Agriculture and Forestry
1794:
1582:
1314:
854:
540:in October 1918 (as commander of the
206:1 March 1923 – 5 August 1943
1363:
1098:Cross for Length of Military Service
1192:
1005:Colonial Order of the Star of Italy
921:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
829:Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
717:
194:Member of the Senate of the Kingdom
13:
2254:Paolo Ignazio Maria Thaon di Revel
559:
434:, war criminal, and member of the
14:
3479:
3398:People of former Italian colonies
3300:Italics indicate interim minister
3130:Ministers of the Italian Colonies
2513:Minister of Trades and Currencies
2309:Minister of Industry and Commerce
1463:
1016:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
546:Monte Grappa tu sei la mia patria
2539:Minister of Press and Propaganda
2443:Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
1854:
1504:Italian Minister of the Colonies
1425:. New York: Olive Branch Press.
1113:
1103:
1092:
1081:
1071:
1060:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1020:
1009:
998:
986:
978:
970:
962:
950:
942:
934:
926:
914:
906:
898:
890:
878:
839:
738:is to be seen, second from left.
550:Silver Medals of Military Valour
534:Second Battle of the Piave River
505:for his conduct during the war.
495:Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887-1889
457:After voting for the ousting of
400:Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889
354:
335:
1335:
1308:
629:De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia
611:In 1929, De Bono was appointed
2562:(abolished on 5 February 1923)
2191:Minister of Domestic Education
1387:. New York: Ballantine Books.
1315:Biagi, Enzo (18 August 2011).
1279:
1253:
1240:
1227:
1213:
1179:
1158:
1026:Silver Medal of Military Valor
866:The Assassination of Matteotti
767:voted to oust Benito Mussolini
586:, he organized and staged the
582:. In 1922, as one of the four
1:
3343:Government ministers of Italy
1917:Giuseppe De Capitani D'Arzago
1151:
804:in what became known as the "
682:historically significant city
619:and De Bono visited Eritrea.
3348:Libyan genocide perpetrators
2482:Minister of Public Education
2160:Minister of Domestic Economy
2111:Ministry of Popular Culture
1623:First Marshals of the Empire
1170:Journal of Strategic Studies
613:Minister of Colonial Affairs
7:
3236:Ministers of Italian Africa
2657:Raffaele Borea Ricci d'Olmo
2025:Minister of Communications
1882:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1723:Umberto, Prince of Piedmont
1474:20th Century Press Archives
1406:. New York: Penguin Books.
1136:Second Italian-Abyssian War
1129:
957:Order of the Crown of Italy
794:Repubblica Sociale Italiana
508:De Bono then fought in the
452:Second Italo-Abyssinian War
440:Gran Consiglio del Fascismo
10:
3484:
3393:People from Cassano d'Adda
2464:Minister of War Production
1997:Minister of Italian Africa
1852:
1357:
872:
752:Maritime Artillery Militia
662:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
626:
623:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
563:
412:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
310:Military Academy of Modena
3373:Italian untitled nobility
3328:Executed military leaders
3298:
3235:
3137:Ministers of the Colonies
3136:
3086:
2971:
2857:
2805:
2730:
2647:Governors of Tripolitania
2645:
2577:
2559:
2538:
2512:
2481:
2463:
2442:
2426:
2390:
2324:
2308:
2267:
2226:
2190:
2159:
2138:
2110:
2068:Minister of Corporations
2067:
2024:
1996:
1958:
1925:
1907:
1881:
1863:
1829:
1762:
1736:
1644:
1621:
1567:
1558:
1550:
1540:
1531:
1523:
1510:
1501:
1490:
1485:
1421:Mockler, Anthony (2003).
1402:Bosworth, R.J.B. (2005).
1331:– via Google Books.
1287:The Rape of Ethiopia 1936
1274:The Rape of Ethiopia 1936
708:Telegramma di Stato 13181
442:). De Bono fought in the
421:
395:
385:
375:
367:
349:
330:
325:
315:
299:
289:
284:Execution by firing squad
279:
255:
231:
226:
222:
210:
199:
192:
182:
170:
159:
152:
140:
127:
116:
109:
96:
81:
71:
60:
53:
49:
37:
23:
3173:Bartolomeo Meuccio Ruini
2450:Giovanni Antonio Colonna
2325:Minister of Public Works
2139:Minister of the Interior
1959:Minister of the Colonies
1864:Minister of Aeronautics
1764:Marshal of the Air Force
1698:Guglielmo Pecori Giraldi
1631:King Victor Emmanuel III
1534:Governor of Tripolitania
1364:Baer, George W. (1976).
775:Grand Council of Fascism
763:Grand Council of Fascism
656:In 1935, De Bono became
536:in June 1918 and in the
280:Cause of death
154:Governor of Tripolitania
55:Minister of the Colonies
3468:Verona trial executions
3403:Politicians of Lombardy
3338:Field marshals of Italy
3333:Executed mass murderers
3167:Francesco Saverio Nitti
3034:Giovanni Cerrina Feroni
2973:Governors of Somaliland
2915:Giovanni Cerrina Feroni
2899:Giovanni Cerrina Feroni
2466:(since 6 February 1943)
1908:Minister of Agriculture
1440:Nicolle, David (1997).
1068:(two years of campaign)
885:Military Order of Savoy
790:Italian Social Republic
570:Italian Colonial Empire
503:Military Order of Savoy
274:Italian Social Republic
3198:Pietro Lanza di Scalea
3042:Cesare Maria De Vecchi
3014:Giuseppe Salvago Raggi
2894:Giuseppe Salvago Raggi
2732:Governors of Cyrenaica
2367:Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli
2208:Cesare Maria De Vecchi
1978:Pietro Lanza di Scalea
1385:Rape of Ethiopia, 1936
1176:Zürich 2005, S. 42–45.
739:
580:National Fascist Party
538:battle of Monte Grappa
530:the capture of Gorizia
306:Scuola Militare Teulié
294:National Fascist Party
2845:Italian Governors of
2687:Giulio Cesare Tassoni
2633:Italian Governors of
2578:Minister of Treasure
2357:Araldo di Crollalanza
2218:Carlo Alberto Biggini
2044:Antonio Stefano Benni
1423:Haile Sellassie's war
1383:Barker, A.J. (1971).
1235:Haile Sellassie's War
725:
633:In November 1932, at
469:Early life and career
436:Fascist Grand Council
368:Years of service
2930:Riccardo Di Lucchesi
2859:Governors of Eritrea
1754:Paolo Thaon di Revel
1301:Bosworth, R. J. B.,
704:Maresciallo d'Italia
473:De Bono was born in
371:1884–1920; 1935–1943
27:Maresciallo d'Italia
3090:Italian East Africa
3069:Francesco Caroselli
2908:Camillo de Camillis
2403:Antonino Di Giorgio
2285:Pietro De Francisci
2227:Minister of Finance
2182:Alessandro Martelli
2125:Alessandro Pavolini
1961:(abolished in 1937)
1910:(abolished in 1923)
1561:Governor of Eritrea
678:1896 Italian defeat
649:military's idea of
617:Victor Emmanuel III
217:Victor Emmanuel III
111:Governor of Eritrea
76:Victor Emmanuel III
3245:Alessandro Lessona
3227:Alessandro Lessona
3183:Giuseppe Girardini
3151:Ferdinando Martini
3038:Carlo Ricci Riveri
3029:Giacomo De Martino
3000:Giorgio Sorrentino
2991:Vincenzo Filonardi
2987:Vacant (1893–1896)
2983:Vincenzo Filonardi
2904:Giacomo De Martino
2889:Ferdinando Martini
2884:Antonio Baldissera
2787:Domenico Siciliani
2757:Giacomo De Martino
2702:Vittorio Menzinger
2592:Alberto De Stefani
2525:Raffaello Riccardi
2332:Gabriello Carnazza
2300:Alfredo De Marsico
2234:Alberto De Stefani
2167:Orso Mario Corbino
2130:Gaetano Polverelli
2059:Giuseppe Peverelli
2006:Alessandro Lessona
1988:Alessandro Lessona
1945:Giuseppe Tassinari
1831:Head of government
1486:Political offices
1318:I quattordici mesi
1146:Italian war crimes
1141:Tripoli Grand Prix
887:(28 December 1913)
861:Florestano Vancini
855:In popular culture
821:Giovanni Marinelli
740:
666:Commander-in-Chief
574:Tripoli Grand Prix
483:Royal Italian Army
362:Royal Italian Army
3388:Mussolini Cabinet
3305:
3304:
3289:Alcide De Gasperi
3188:Giovanni Amendola
3096:
3095:
2869:Baldassarre Orero
2812:
2811:
2772:Luigi Bongiovanni
2600:
2599:
2587:Vincenzo Tangorra
2569:Giovanni Giuriati
2504:Giuseppe Belluzzo
2494:Alessandro Casati
2434:Stefano Cavazzoni
2342:Giovanni Giuriati
2177:Giuseppe Belluzzo
2087:Ferruccio Lantini
2049:Nino Host Venturi
1823:Mussolini Cabinet
1788:
1787:
1770:Regia Aeronautica
1646:Marshals of Italy
1615:Marshals of Italy
1577:
1576:
1568:Succeeded by
1541:Succeeded by
1511:Succeeded by
1455:978-1-85532-692-7
1432:978-1-56656-473-1
1413:978-0-14-303856-6
1394:978-0-345-02462-6
1303:Mussolini's Italy
1223:. 25 August 2008.
1089:(28 October 1922)
959:(7 November 1907)
756:Minister of State
736:Reinhard Heydrich
658:Supreme Commander
598:Giacomo Matteotti
499:Italo-Turkish War
491:second lieutenant
444:Italo-Turkish War
425:
424:
404:Italo-Turkish War
102:Benito Mussolini
3475:
3353:Italian atheists
3251:Benito Mussolini
3221:Benito Mussolini
3209:Benito Mussolini
3156:Gaspare Colosimo
3146:Pietro Bertolini
3123:
3116:
3109:
3100:
3099:
3065:Ruggiero Santini
3057:Rodolfo Graziani
3024:Tommaso Carletti
3019:Tommaso Carletti
3009:Luigi Mercatelli
2958:Giuseppe Daodice
2920:Jacopo Gasparini
2911:Lodovico Pollera
2879:Oreste Baratieri
2874:Antonio Gandolfi
2839:
2832:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2792:Rodolfo Graziani
2777:Ernesto Mombelli
2752:Vincenzo Garioni
2747:Giovanni Ameglio
2742:Ottavio Briccola
2707:Luigi Mercatelli
2697:Vincenzo Garioni
2692:Giovanni Ameglio
2677:Giorgio Cigliana
2672:Vincenzo Garioni
2627:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2489:Giovanni Gentile
2473:Carlo Favagrossa
2418:Benito Mussolini
2408:Benito Mussolini
2347:Benito Mussolini
2203:Francesco Ercole
2198:Balbino Giuliano
2146:Benito Mussolini
2077:Benito Mussolini
2011:Benito Mussolini
1973:Benito Mussolini
1889:Benito Mussolini
1858:
1846:Benito Mussolini
1815:
1808:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1708:Rodolfo Graziani
1693:Gaetano Giardino
1636:Benito Mussolini
1609:List of Italian
1603:
1596:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1551:Preceded by
1524:Preceded by
1514:Benito Mussolini
1494:Benito Mussolini
1491:Preceded by
1483:
1482:
1459:
1436:
1417:
1398:
1379:
1351:
1350:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1257:
1251:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1203:"Emilio De Bono"
1199:
1190:
1183:
1177:
1162:
1117:
1107:
1096:
1085:
1075:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1024:
1013:
1002:
995:(3 October 1937)
990:
982:
974:
966:
954:
946:
938:
930:
918:
910:
902:
894:
882:
827:. Ciano was the
817:Luciano Gottardi
748:Second World War
732:Rodolfo Graziani
728:Heinrich Himmler
718:Second World War
700:Marshal of Italy
635:Benito Mussolini
493:, fought in the
459:Benito Mussolini
380:Marshal of Italy
360:
358:
357:
343:Kingdom of Italy
341:
339:
338:
326:Military service
262:
241:
239:
227:Personal details
213:
204:
185:
173:
164:
143:
136:
130:
121:
105:
99:
92:
88:Benito Mussolini
84:
65:
42:
21:
20:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3294:
3282:Ferruccio Parri
3268:Pietro Badoglio
3262:Melchiade Gabba
3257:Attilio Teruzzi
3237:
3231:
3203:Luigi Federzoni
3193:Luigi Federzoni
3138:
3132:
3127:
3097:
3092:
3082:
3078:Carlo De Simone
3073:Gustavo Pesenti
3061:Angelo De Ruben
2975:
2967:
2953:Vincenzo de Feo
2948:Alfredo Guzzoni
2943:Pietro Badoglio
2861:
2853:
2843:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2782:Attilio Teruzzi
2767:Eduardo Baccari
2734:
2726:
2722:Pietro Badoglio
2649:
2641:
2631:
2601:
2596:
2579:
2573:
2561:
2555:
2534:
2520:Felice Guarneri
2508:
2477:
2465:
2459:
2438:
2422:
2391:Minister of War
2386:
2352:Michele Bianchi
2320:
2304:
2263:
2244:Antonio Mosconi
2222:
2213:Giuseppe Bottai
2186:
2155:
2151:Luigi Federzoni
2134:
2112:
2106:
2102:Tullio Cianetti
2082:Giuseppe Bottai
2069:
2063:
2039:Umberto Puppini
2026:
2020:
2016:Attilio Teruzzi
1998:
1992:
1968:Luigi Federzoni
1960:
1954:
1940:Edmondo Rossoni
1927:
1921:
1909:
1903:
1877:
1865:
1859:
1850:
1825:
1819:
1789:
1784:
1766:
1758:
1740:
1732:
1688:Enrico Caviglia
1683:Pietro Badoglio
1648:
1640:
1617:
1607:
1573:
1571:Pietro Badoglio
1564:
1556:
1546:
1544:Pietro Badoglio
1537:
1529:
1519:
1507:
1499:
1466:
1456:
1433:
1414:
1395:
1376:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1349:. 25 July 2017.
1341:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1313:
1309:
1300:
1293:
1285:Barker, A. J.,
1284:
1280:
1272:Barker, A. J.,
1271:
1267:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1228:
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1218:
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1201:
1200:
1193:
1184:
1180:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1132:
1109:Maurician Medal
1036:War Merit Cross
875:
857:
842:
834:Tullio Cianetti
786:Gran Sasso raid
720:
712:Pietro Badoglio
631:
625:
576:
564:Main articles:
562:
560:Fascist support
514:Austria-Hungary
510:First World War
489:) in 1884 as a
471:
448:First World War
414:
410:
406:
402:
355:
353:
336:
334:
308:
290:Political party
264:
260:
259:11 January 1944
243:
237:
235:
211:
205:
200:
188:Pietro Badoglio
183:
171:
165:
160:
147:Pietro Badoglio
141:
134:
128:
122:
117:
103:
97:
90:
82:
66:
61:
45:
44:De Bono in 1937
33:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3481:
3471:
3470:
3465:
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3455:
3450:
3445:
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3435:
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3264:
3259:
3254:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3217:
3215:Emilio De Bono
3212:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
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2985:
2979:
2977:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2938:Emilio De Bono
2935:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
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2863:
2855:
2854:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2797:Guglielmo Nasi
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2717:Emilio De Bono
2714:
2712:Giuseppe Volpi
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2643:
2642:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2546:Galeazzo Ciano
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2455:Costanzo Ciano
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2413:Pietro Gazzera
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2377:Giuseppe Gorla
2374:
2372:Adelchi Serena
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2337:Gino Sarrocchi
2334:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
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2310:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2259:Giacomo Acerbo
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Giuseppe Volpi
2236:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
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2174:
2169:
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2157:
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2114:
2108:
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2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2034:Costanzo Ciano
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1983:Emilio De Bono
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1950:Carlo Pareschi
1947:
1942:
1937:
1935:Giacomo Acerbo
1931:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1899:Galeazzo Ciano
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1853:
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1776:
1774:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1728:Giovanni Messe
1725:
1720:
1718:Ettore Bastico
1715:
1710:
1705:
1703:Emilio De Bono
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1652:Regio Esercito
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1611:First Marshals
1606:
1605:
1598:
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1583:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1557:
1554:Ottone Gabelli
1552:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1539:
1530:
1527:Giuseppe Volpi
1525:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1509:
1500:
1492:
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1487:
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1480:
1465:
1464:External links
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991:Knight of the
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955:Knight of the
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924:
923:(3 April 1913)
919:Knight of the
912:
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896:
888:
883:Knight of the
874:
871:
856:
853:
841:
838:
825:Carlo Pareschi
813:Galeazzo Ciano
719:
716:
651:full-scale war
627:Main article:
624:
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558:
487:Regio Esercito
475:Cassano d'Adda
470:
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428:Emilio De Bono
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3275:Ivanoe Bonomi
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3052:Maurizio Rava
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2682:Luigi Druetti
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2667:Ottavio Ragni
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2537:
2531:
2530:Oreste Bonomi
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
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2515:
2511:
2505:
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2500:
2499:Pietro Fedele
2497:
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2382:Zenone Benini
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2316:Teofilo Rossi
2314:
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2307:
2301:
2298:
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2288:
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2280:Alfredo Rocco
2278:
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2054:Vittorio Cini
2052:
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2032:
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2023:
2017:
2014:
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2009:
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1995:
1989:
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1739:
1738:Grand Admiral
1735:
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1713:Ugo Cavallero
1711:
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1375:0-8179-6591-2
1371:
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1328:9788858600214
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877:
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870:
868:
867:
862:
852:
849:
847:
840:Personal life
837:
835:
830:
826:
822:
818:
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799:
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791:
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764:
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749:
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594:
591:
589:
588:March on Rome
585:
581:
575:
571:
567:
566:March on Rome
557:
555:
554:Major General
551:
547:
543:
542:IX Army Corps
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:Karst Plateau
515:
511:
506:
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492:
488:
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455:
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429:
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302:
298:
295:
292:
288:
285:
282:
278:
275:
271:
267:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:19 March 1866
234:
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187:
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175:
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95:
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70:
64:
59:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
28:
22:
19:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3249:
3219:
3214:
3207:
3165:
3004:Emilio Dulio
2996:Emilio Dulio
2963:Luigi Frusci
2937:
2925:Corrado Zoli
2762:Luigi Pintor
2716:
2662:Carlo Caneva
2635:Tripolitania
2551:Dino Alfieri
2398:Armando Diaz
2290:Arrigo Solmi
2275:Aldo Oviglio
2120:Dino Alfieri
2113:(since 1937)
2097:Carlo Tiengo
2092:Renato Ricci
2070:(since 1926)
2027:(since 1924)
1999:(since 1937)
1982:
1928:(since 1929)
1866:(since 1925)
1834:
1768:
1744:Regia Marina
1742:
1702:
1673:Armando Diaz
1656:
1650:
1559:
1532:
1516:
1502:
1496:
1441:
1422:
1403:
1384:
1365:
1346:
1337:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1260:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1215:
1206:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:John Gooch:
1160:
864:
858:
850:
843:
810:
806:Verona trial
793:
782:Nazi Germany
779:
760:
741:
707:
703:
697:
690:
671:
655:
647:
632:
610:
602:Tripolitania
595:
592:
577:
545:
520:in 1915 (as
507:
486:
472:
463:Verona trial
456:
439:
427:
426:
416:World War II
396:Battles/wars
261:(1944-01-11)
212:Appointed by
201:
184:Succeeded by
161:
142:Succeeded by
118:
98:Succeeded by
62:
25:
18:
3323:1944 deaths
3318:1866 births
3178:Luigi Rossi
3161:Luigi Rossi
3047:Guido Corni
2976:(1889–1941)
2862:(1890–1941)
2735:(1912–1935)
2650:(1911–1934)
2362:Luigi Razza
2295:Dino Grandi
2172:Cesare Nava
1894:Dino Grandi
1873:Italo Balbo
1821:Members of
1780:Italo Balbo
1446:Westminster
1321:. Rizzoli.
784:during the
771:Dino Grandi
584:Quadrumvirs
528:corps), in
526:Bersaglieri
408:World War I
390:Blackshirts
345:(1915–1943)
172:Preceded by
129:Preceded by
83:Preceded by
3312:Categories
2851:Somaliland
2249:Guido Jung
1839:of Fascism
1538:1925–1929
1508:1929–1935
1448:: Osprey.
1152:References
479:Barlassina
331:Allegiance
301:Alma mater
238:1866-03-19
3238:(1937–53)
3139:(1912–37)
2639:Cyrenaica
1233:Mockler.
1185:De Bono,
1118:Honorary
320:Mussolini
249:Lombardia
202:In office
162:In office
119:In office
63:In office
1347:Panorama
1305:, p. 514
1189:, p. 302
1187:Laguerra
1130:See also
1120:Corporal
863:'s film
639:Ethiopia
450:and the
386:Commands
2847:Eritrea
1517:interim
1497:interim
1476:of the
1472:in the
1358:Sources
1289:, p. 36
1276:, p. 33
1263:, p. 13
1250:, p. 12
1237:, p. 27
1122:of the
873:Honours
846:atheist
798:treason
693:Mek'ele
643:Eritrea
524:in the
522:Colonel
516:on the
432:marshal
316:Cabinet
251:, Italy
72:Monarch
1452:
1429:
1410:
1391:
1372:
1325:
1259:Baer,
1246:Baer,
802:Verona
744:Sicily
572:, and
446:, the
359:
340:
270:Veneto
266:Verona
135:(act.)
104:(act.)
91:(act.)
1565:1935
769:when
674:Adowa
606:Libya
604:, in
2849:and
2637:and
1836:duce
1833:and
1658:MVSN
1613:and
1450:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1323:ISBN
1207:ANPI
1168:In:
823:and
765:who
730:and
686:Axum
376:Rank
256:Died
232:Born
1478:ZBW
859:In
808:".
800:at
684:of
3314::
1444:.
1345:.
1294:^
1205:.
1194:^
819:,
815:,
758:.
653:.
568:,
556:.
272:,
268:,
247:,
3122:e
3115:t
3108:v
2838:e
2831:t
2824:v
2626:e
2619:t
2612:v
1814:e
1807:t
1800:v
1773:)
1767:(
1747:)
1741:(
1661:)
1655:/
1649:(
1602:e
1595:t
1588:v
1458:.
1435:.
1416:.
1397:.
1378:.
1209:.
792:(
702:(
485:(
438:(
240:)
236:(
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