Employment - Knowledge

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such conflicts such that employers and employees who enter into an employment relationship are assumed to find this arrangement in their own self-interest. In human resource management theorizing, employers and employees are assumed to have shared interests (or a unity of interests, hence the label “unitarism”). Any conflicts that exist are seen as a manifestation of poor human resource management policies or interpersonal clashes such as personality conflicts, both of which can and should be managed away. From the perspective of pluralist industrial relations, the employment relationship is characterized by a plurality of stakeholders with legitimate interests (hence the label “pluralism), and some conflicts of interests are seen as inherent in the employment relationship (e.g., wages v. profits). Lastly, the critical paradigm emphasizes antagonistic conflicts of interests between various groups (e.g., the competing capitalist and

2364:"For purposes of this chapter, the term "employee" includes an officer, employee, or elected official of the United States, a State, or any political subdivision thereof, or the District of Columbia, or any agency or instrumentality of any one or more of the foregoing. The term "employee" also includes an officer of a corporation." This definition does not exclude all those who are commonly known as 'employees'. "Similarly, Latham's instruction which indicated that under 26 U.S.C. § 3401(c) the category of 'employee' does not include privately employed wage earners is a preposterous reading of the statute. It is obvious that within the context of both statutes the word 'includes' is a term of enlargement not of limitation, and the reference to certain entities or categories is not intended to exclude all others." 1755: 2533:, increasing labor productivity appears to have a negative impact on job creation: in the 1960s, a 1% increase in output per worker was associated with a reduction in employment growth of 0.07%, by the first decade of this century the same productivity increase implies reduced employment growth by 0.54%. Both increased employment opportunities and increased labor productivity (as long as it also translates into higher wages) are needed to tackle poverty. Increases in employment without increases in productivity leads to a rise in the number of "working poor", which is why some experts are now promoting the creation of "quality" and not "quantity" in labor market policies. This approach does highlight how higher productivity has helped reduce poverty in 2357: 2428: 1689:

and the employer will generally be liable for their actions and be obliged to give them benefits. Similarly, the employer is the owner of any invention created by an employee "hired to invent", even in the absence of an assignment of inventions. In contrast, a company commissioning a work by an independent contractor will not own the copyright unless the company secures either a written contract stating that it is a "work made for hire" or a written assignment of the copyright. In order to stay protected and avoid lawsuits, an employer has to be aware of that distinction.

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offers services to the public at large, not just to one business, and is responsible for disbursing payments from the client, paying unreimbursed expenses, and providing his or her own tools to complete the job. Third, the relationship of the parties is often evidenced by a written agreement that specifies that the worker is an independent contractor and is not entitled to employee benefits; the services provided by the worker are not key to the business; and the relationship is not permanent.

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society. In addition, the absence of social supports stems from failings at the political and policy levels. The United States has traditionally lacked the political desire to put in place effective policies and programs that would support the economically vulnerable. Structural failing at the economic and political levels have therefore produced a lack of opportunities and supports, resulting in high rates of American poverty.

877: 2256:), which can be Normal employment (unlimited), but the work time is unregulated and decided per immediate need basis. The employee is expected to be answering the phone and come to work when needed, e.g. when someone is ill and absent from work. They will receive salary only for actual work time and can in reality be fired for no reason by not being called anymore. This type of contract is common in the public sector. 1904: 1833:

sick leave, vacation (paid and non-paid), social security, profit sharing, funding of education, and other specialized benefits. In some cases, such as with workers employed in remote or isolated regions, the benefits may include meals. Employee benefits can improve the relationship between employee and employer and lowers staff turnover.

2785:, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled workers in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure on the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. 2770:. By meeting the needs of the employer; generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee and creating social equity that benefits the worker so that he/she can fund and enjoy healthy living; proves to be a continuous revolving issue in westernized societies. 2211:), where the employer hires a person for a test period of 6 months maximum. The employment can be ended at any time without giving any reason. This type of employment can be offered only once per employer and in employee combination. Usually, a time limited or normal employment is offered after a test employment. 2714:

for aligning the interests of employees and employers and thereby creating profitable companies in the second view, as insufficient for looking out for workers’ interests in the third view, and as manipulative managerial tools for shaping the ideology and structure of the workplace in the fourth view.

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Self-employed people generally find their own work rather than being provided with work by an employer and instead earn income from a profession, a trade, or a business that they operate. In some countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, the authorities are placing more emphasis on

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Researchers have also explored the relationship between employment and illicit activities. Using evidence from Africa, a research team found that a program for Liberian ex-fighters reduced work hours on illicit activities. The employment program also reduced interest in mercenary work in nearby wars.

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Researchers found evidence to suggest growth in manufacturing and services have good impact on employment. They found GDP growth on employment in agriculture to be limited, but that value-added growth had a relatively larger impact. The impact on job creation by industries/economic activities as well

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These models are important because they help reveal why individuals hold differing perspectives on human resource management policies, labor unions, and employment regulation. For example, human resource management policies are seen as dictated by the market in the first view, as essential mechanisms

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Those older than the statutory defined retirement age may continue to work, either out of enjoyment or necessity. However, depending on the nature of the job, older workers may need to transition into less-physical forms of work to avoid injury. Working past retirement age also has positive effects,

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The tendency of our free market economy has been to produce a growing number of jobs that will no longer support a family. In addition, the basic nature of capitalism ensures that unemployment exists at modest levels. Both of these directly result in a shortage of economic opportunities in American

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What also results from Lee's (1996) findings is that in industrialized countries an average of almost 70 per cent of workers are employed in the service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result, workers are forced to become more skilled and develop sought after trades,

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despite some pointing to the positive impact, others point to limitations. They recommended that complementary policies are necessary to ensure economic growth's positive impact on LDC employment. With trade, industry and investment, they only found limited evidence of positive impact on employment

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Scholars conceptualize the employment relationship in various ways. A key assumption is the extent to which the employment relationship necessarily includes conflicts of interests between employers and employees, and the form of such conflicts. In economic theorizing, the labor market mediates all

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Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Employers must balance interests such as decreasing wage constraints

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Provided key circumstances, including ones such as that the worker is paid regularly, follows set hours of work, is supplied with tools from the employer, is closely monitored by the employer, acting on behalf of the employer, only works for one employer at a time, they are considered an employee,

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are various non-wage compensation provided to employees in addition to their wages or salaries. The benefits can include: housing (employer-provided or employer-paid), group insurance (health, dental, life etc.), disability income protection, retirement benefits, daycare, tuition reimbursement,

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To categorize a worker as an independent contractor rather than an employee, an independent contractor must agree with the client on what the finished work product will be and then the contractor controls the means and manner of achieving the desired outcome. Secondly, an independent contractor

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posits that contemporary employment practices and employer commonalities in the United States, including toxic working environments, job insecurity, long hours and increased performance pressure from management, are responsible for 120,000 excess deaths annually, making the workplace the fifth

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As a general principle of employment law, in the United States, there is a difference between an agent and an independent contractor. The default status of a worker is an employee unless specific guidelines are met, which can be determined by the ABC test. Thus, clarifying whether someone who

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even when referring to the provision of a service) but whether the activity is profitable and therefore potentially taxable. In other words, the trading is likely to be ignored if there is no profit, so occasional and hobby- or enthusiast-based economic activity is generally ignored by tax

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over wages, benefits, and working conditions for their membership, and on representing their members in disputes with management over violations of contract provisions. Larger unions also typically engage in lobbying activities and electioneering at the state and federal level.

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at work, due to less work experience, a lower use of seat belts, and higher rates of distracted driving. To mitigate this risk, those under the age of 17 are restricted from certain types of driving, including transporting people and goods under certain circumstances.

2902:, do not receive pay for their services and are not considered employed. Some historians suggest that slavery is older than employment, but both arrangements have existed for all recorded history. Indentured servitude and slavery are not considered compatible with 1737:

in the establishment (usually hung on a window or door or placed on a store counter). Evaluating different employees can be quite laborious but setting up different techniques to analyze their skills to measure their talents within the field can be best through

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has affected these issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalization and summarizes the four major points of concern that affect employment relations:

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from the employer to find, screen and select suitable candidates. However, a study has shown that such consultants may not be reliable when they fail to use established principles in selecting employees. A more traditional approach is with a "Help Wanted"

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refers to the employer's effort to equip a newly hired employee with the necessary skills to perform at the job, and to help the employee grow within the organization. An appropriate level of training and development helps to improve employee's

2094:) is an association of national level with its international reputation of co-operation and welfare of the migrant workforce as well as its approximately 1200 members agencies in collaboration with and support from the Government of Bangladesh. 2457:

at a higher rate; this is generally due to their employment in high-risk industries. For example, in the United States, young people are injured at work at twice the rate of their older counterparts. These workers are also at higher risk for

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The US is falling drastically behind similar countries in mandating adequate wages, protections, and rights for millions of workers and their families. The wealthiest country in the world is near the bottom of every dimension of this

2241:), cancellation of employment, usually because of bad income for the company. There is a cancellation period of 1–6 months, and rules for how to select employees, basically those with shortest employment time shall be cancelled first. 2413:

which split from the AFL–CIO in 2005. Both advocate policies and legislation on behalf of workers in the United States and Canada, and take an active role in politics. The AFL–CIO is especially concerned with global trade issues.

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clarifying whether an individual is self-employed or engaged in disguised employment, in other words pretending to be in a contractual intra-business relationship to hide what is in fact an employer-employee relationship.

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is the state of working for oneself rather than an employer. Tax authorities will generally view a person as self-employed if the person chooses to be recognised as such or if the person is generating income for which a

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High-risk industries for young workers include agriculture, restaurants, waste management, and mining. In the United States, those under the age of 18 are restricted from certain jobs that are deemed dangerous under the

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Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a global labor market results in a “race to the bottom”. Increased international competition creates a pressure to reduce the wages and conditions of

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is an employee's perception and judgement of employer's treatment in the context of fairness or justice. The resulting actions to influence the employee-employer relationship is also a part of organizational justice.

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The most significant definitions are 'person conducting a business or undertaking' (PCBU). 'worker' and 'workplace'. 'PCBU' is a wider ranging term than 'employer', though this will be what most people understand by

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has no contract Labor, Minimum Wage and Provident Funds Acts. Contract labor in Pakistan must be paid minimum wage and certain facilities are to be provided to labor. However, the Acts are not yet fully implemented.

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of forgone wages due to not working. At times when jobs are hard to find, such as during recessions, unemployed individuals may decide to get post-secondary education, because there is less of an opportunity cost.

2218:). The employer hires a person for a specified time. Usually, they are extended for a new period. Total maximum two years per employer and employee combination, then it automatically counts as a normal employment. 4825:

Yurendra Basnett and Ritwika Sen, What do empirical studies say about economic growth and job creation in developing countries? Economic and private sector professional evidence and applied knowledge services

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Joseph Holden, Youth employment programmes – What can be learnt from international experience with youth employment programmes? Economic and private sector professional evidence and applied knowledge services

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Bürgerliches Recht 3: Fall · Systematik · Lösung · Schuldrecht · Besonderer Teil. Kauf und Tausch · Schenkung · Miete und Pacht · Leihe · Verwahrung · Darlehen · Bürgschaft · Dienst- und Werkvertrag

3800:"...vulgar are the means of livelihood of all hired workmen whom we pay for mere manual labour, not for artistic skill; for in their case the very wage they receive is a pledge of their slavery." – 2788:

Economic liberalization will result in unemployment and wage inequality in developing countries. This happens as job losses in uncompetitive industries outstrip job opportunities in new industries.

1806:, a compensation approach that has the added benefit, from the company's point of view, of helping to align the interests of the compensated individual with the performance of the company. 2051:

that the undemocratic nature of economic institutions under capitalism causes elections to become occasions when blocs of investors coalesce and compete to control the state plus cities.

3814:"As long as politics is the shadow cast on society by big business, the attenuation of the shadow will not change the substance", in "The Need for a New Party" (1931), Later Works 6, p163 3496:

Report to the Legislature of the State of New York by the Commission appointed under Chapter 518 of the laws of 1909 to inquire into the question of employers' liability and other matters

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most of the chronically poor are wage earners in formal employment, because their jobs are insecure and low paid and offer no chance to accumulate wealth to avoid risks. According to the

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in creating employment that reduces poverty. 24 instances of growth were examined, in which 18 reduced poverty. This study showed that other sectors were just as important in reducing

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somewhat, where economic growth impact has been shown to be positive on employment. The researchers didn't find sufficient evidence to conclude any impact of growth on employment in

2541:, for example, employment growth has slowed while productivity growth has continued. Furthermore, productivity increases do not always lead to increased wages, as can be seen in the 3868: 2804:, and globalization that is represented by a more skilled and increasing highly diverse labor force, that are growing in non standard forms of employment (Markey, R. et al. 2006). 2758:

The study concludes that while the use of capital inputs or cash payments for peaceful work created a reduction in illicit activities, the impact of training alone is rather low.

2709:: employment is an unequal power relation between competing groups that is embedded in and inseparable from systemic inequalities throughout the socio-politico-economic system. 2490:

because it gives a sense of purpose and allows people to maintain social networks and activity levels. Older workers are often found to be discriminated against by employers.

1973: 4296: 2702:: employment is a bargained exchange between stakeholders with some common and some competing economic interests and unequal bargaining power due to imperfect labor markets 4364: 5093: 2870:) to enable them to rent housing, buy food, repair or replace household goods, maintenance of children and observe social customs that require financial expenditure. 2746: 2722:

Literature on the employment impact of economic growth and on how growth is associated with employment at a macro, sector and industry level was aggregated in 2013.

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has options for a fixed term contract or a permanent contract. Both contracts are entitled to minimum wages, fixed working hours and social security contributions.

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as the extent of the body of evidence and the key studies. For extractives, they again found extensive evidence suggesting growth in the sector has limited impact

2557:, the US "offers some of the lowest wages in the industrialized world," which has "swelled the ranks of the working poor, most of whom are thirty-five or older." 1869:. The contract between the two parties specifies the responsibilities of each when ending the relationship and may include requirements such as notice periods, 6272: 2138:, which is a form of Dienstleistungsvertrag (service-oriented contract). An Arbeitsvertrag can also be temporary, whereas a temporary worker is working under 2795:

Globalization reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and the ability of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.

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vested in the original personal inventor. A wage laborer is a person whose primary means of income is from the selling of his or her labor in this way.

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in a Marxist framework) that are part of a deeper social conflict of unequal power relations. As a result, there are four common models of employment:

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performs work is an independent contractor or an employee from the beginning, and treating them accordingly, can save a company from trouble later on.

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For purposes of U.S. federal income tax withholding, 26 U.S.C. § 3401(c) provides a definition for the term "employee" specific to chapter 24 of the

1857:, which represent the workforce to collectively bargain with the management of organizations about working, and contractual conditions and services. 2192: 2690:

Mainstream economics: employment is seen as a mutually advantageous transaction in a free market between self-interested legal and economic equals

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in Sweden. Instead, there are agreements between employer organizations and trade unions about minimum salaries, and other employment conditions.

9015: 8478: 8334: 2943: 2886:, an employment situation in which the worker receives training or experience (and possibly college credit) as the chief form of compensation. 2882:

who perform tasks for charities, hospitals or not-for-profit organizations, are generally not considered employed. One exception to this is an

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Youth employment programs are most effective when they include both theoretical classroom training and hands-on training with work placements.

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Usually, either an employee or employer may end the relationship at any time, often subject to a certain notice period. This is referred to as

1821:, an employee who acts unfaithfully towards his employer must forfeit all of the compensation he received during the period of his disloyalty. 4912: 2998:

needs to be filed. In the real world, the critical issue for tax authorities is not whether a person is engaged in business activity (called

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Markey, Raymond; Hodgkinson, Ann; Kowalczyk, Jo (2002). "Gender, part-time employment and employee participation in Australian workplaces".

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have argued that the economy of the United States is failing to provide jobs that can adequately support families. According to sociologist

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Labor unions are legally recognized as representatives of workers in many industries in the United States. Their activity today centers on

1976:, it is currently the dominant form of work arrangement. Although most work occurs following this structure, the wage work arrangements of 2368: 2336: 9059: 8278: 8234: 1790:(with the latter often being combined with another form of payment). In sales jobs and real estate positions, the employee may be paid a 919: 851: 6110: 6088: 5261: 2754:

from industrial and investment policies and for others, while large bodies of evidence does exist, the exact impact remains contested.

2283:: last for a certain length of time, are set in advance, end when a specific task is completed, ends when a specific event takes place. 7014: 4566: 2730:

employment. In textiles, however, although evidence was low, studies suggest growth there positively contributed to job creation. In

1739: 1221: 1798:, executive jobs), employees may be eligible for a bonus if they meet certain targets. Some executives and employees may be paid in 1638:

or of a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCB) and is usually hired to perform specific duties which are packaged into a

6858: 6420: 5540: 5242: 4300: 3443: 3044: 7039: 5186: 4427: 1881:. In some professions, notably teaching, civil servants, university professors, and some orchestra jobs, some employees may have 1663: 1229: 2293:: has no defined length of time, can be terminated by either party, is to accomplish a specific task, specified number of hours. 9079: 6910: 6356: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5654: 4361: 2048: 1754: 1190: 5231: 5105: 4613:

Baert, Stijn (February 20, 2016). "Getting Grey Hairs in the Labour Market: An Alternative Experiment on Age Discrimination".

5215: 5196: 5172: 5153: 5049: 4980: 4954: 4659: 4244: 3940: 3851: 3740: 3543: 3467: 3367: 3337: 3293: 3533: 1742:. Employer and potential employee commonly take the additional step of getting to know each other through the process of a 1557:, or any other entity, pays the other, the employee, in return for carrying out assigned work. Employees work in return for 9344: 8315: 6915: 5808: 5290: 9008: 7282: 7205: 3513: 3029: 2103: 1216: 991: 4706: 3844:

Dying for a Paycheck: How Modern Management Harms Employee Health and Company Performance – and What We Can Do About It

2521:(ILO) estimates that as many as 40% of workers are poor, not earning enough to keep their families above the $ 2 a day 2387:

if they work for the employer on a regular basis, and said employer directs the time, place, and manner of employment.

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There is a type of employment contract which is common but not regulated in law, and that is Hour employment (Swedish:

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Budd, John W. and Bhave, Devasheesh (2008) "Values, Ideologies, and Frames of Reference in Industrial Relations," in

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with a maximization of labor productivity in order to achieve a profitable and productive employment relationship.

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or find other means of survival. Ultimately this is a result of changes and trends of employment, an evolving

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Golden Rule : The Investment Theory of Party Competition and the Logic of Money-Driven Political Systems

1873:, and security measures. A contract forbidding an employee from leaving their employment, under penalty of a 1422: 250: 7897: 512: 9364: 9209: 8428: 7836: 7809: 7089: 6262: 5318: 4841:"Can Employment Reduce Lawlessness and Rebellion? A Field Experiment with High-Risk Men in a Fragile State" 3091: 2111: 2008:

Wage labor, as institutionalized under today's market economic systems, has been criticized, especially by

1585:. In some types of employment, employees may receive benefits in addition to payment. Benefits may include 1397: 2477:

In the conversation of employment among younger aged workers, youth unemployment has also been monitored.

2390:

In non-union work environments, in the United States, unjust termination complaints can be brought to the

1794:, a percentage of the value of the goods or services that they have sold. In some fields and professions ( 9309: 9154: 8953: 8493: 8263: 8244: 7821: 7666: 7632: 7617: 7596: 7591: 7074: 6287: 4917: 3396: 2356: 1550: 861: 81: 71: 3635: 3608: 2276:

In the United Kingdom, employment contracts are categorized by the government into the following types:

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subculture in the 1960s and 1970s (which endorsed the idea of "dropping out" of society) and the

2750: 2459: 2324: 1977: 1818: 1538: 1417: 946: 537: 345: 335: 295: 285: 192: 115: 4999: 3639: 2229:), which has no time limit (except for retirement etc.). It can still be ended for two reasons: 1997: 9409: 9264: 9199: 9074: 8903: 8898: 8813: 8783: 8092: 7937: 7797: 7740: 7696: 7659: 7409: 7349: 7324: 7294: 7267: 6953: 6905: 6875: 6712: 6680: 6670: 6487: 6472: 6452: 6334: 6105: 6100: 5380: 3207: 3008: 2376: 2371:, especially when there is dispute as to the worker's entitlement to have matching taxes paid, 2307: 2003: 1841: 1725: 1717: 1647: 1382: 1352: 1344: 1115: 707: 552: 290: 230: 187: 134: 1950:

are market-determined. In exchange for the wages paid, the work product generally becomes the

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The balance of economic efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate in the field of

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Science and Engineering Careers in the United States: An Analysis of Markets and Employment

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Invisible Hands, Invisible Objectives: Bringing Workplace Law and Public Policy Into Focus

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to find workers and for people to find employers are via jobs listings in newspapers (via

1673:, is the classification of workers. A lot of workers that fulfill gigs are often hired as 8: 9622: 9601: 9419: 9284: 9169: 9159: 9139: 9109: 9044: 8893: 8888: 8773: 8605: 8575: 8388: 8368: 8301: 8203: 8012: 7831: 7731: 7711: 7671: 7627: 7612: 7568: 7509: 7434: 7424: 7394: 7317: 6868: 6863: 6801: 6749: 6467: 6435: 6425: 6307: 6297: 5833: 5828: 5649: 5629: 5550: 5470: 5448: 5428: 5276: 5141: 4731: 4660:"Where hard work doesn't pay off: An index of US labor policies compared to peer nations" 3872: 3756: 3171: 3004: 2842: 2454: 2450: 2427: 2280: 2068: 1980:, professional employees, and professional contract workers are sometimes conflated with 1621: 1542: 1507: 1387: 1041: 818: 627: 449: 390: 315: 305: 275: 202: 110: 7872: 7304: 5246: 4078: 1642:. In a corporate context, an employee is a person who is hired to provide services to a 487: 9459: 9449: 9444: 9414: 9374: 9324: 9314: 9114: 9064: 8913: 8734: 8665: 8625: 8488: 8258: 8229: 8187: 7992: 7701: 7681: 7649: 7563: 7558: 7538: 7489: 7429: 7419: 7364: 7359: 7191: 6968: 6932: 6796: 6685: 6665: 6538: 6502: 6389: 6371: 6302: 5943: 5803: 5783: 5738: 5639: 5624: 5037: 4992: 4868: 4640: 4205: 3985: 3726: 3264: 3079: 2895: 2867: 2478: 2312: 2290: 1866: 1290: 1150: 846: 802: 607: 444: 439: 419: 370: 310: 300: 245: 240: 212: 207: 177: 45: 3609:"Met Opera sues former conductor for $ 5.8 million over sexual misconduct allegations" 3111: 2584:

provides a safety net for jobs and economic buffer when other sectors are struggling.

2405:

Most unions in America are aligned with one of two larger umbrella organizations: the

1885:, which means that they cannot be dismissed at will. Another type of termination is a 9454: 9389: 9349: 9279: 9224: 8883: 8754: 8749: 8706: 8650: 8620: 8585: 8528: 8393: 8122: 8097: 8007: 7887: 7775: 7578: 7514: 7479: 7469: 7339: 7079: 7059: 6791: 6756: 6588: 6482: 6462: 6381: 6234: 6169: 5848: 5798: 5773: 5733: 5728: 5659: 5505: 5211: 5192: 5168: 5149: 5071: 5064: 5045: 5023: 5003: 4976: 4950: 4872: 4860: 4736: 4702: 4435: 4240: 4209: 4197: 4054: 4001: 3936: 3847: 3736: 3539: 3373: 3363: 3333: 3289: 3260: 3176: 3106: 3059: 2859: 1829: 1810: 1481: 1432: 1367: 1310: 1120: 976: 737: 712: 622: 502: 459: 395: 360: 350: 182: 144: 100: 8047: 4644: 3961: 3268: 2951: 662: 9339: 9269: 9189: 9184: 8973: 8948: 8943: 8849: 8739: 8701: 8696: 8655: 8645: 8635: 8595: 8413: 8398: 8172: 8117: 8102: 8087: 8072: 8002: 7982: 7962: 7917: 7524: 7474: 7444: 7439: 7329: 7255: 7049: 6838: 6806: 6766: 6761: 6558: 6548: 6366: 6197: 6154: 6127: 6122: 5981: 5948: 5938: 5788: 5716: 5520: 5458: 5438: 5423: 5245:. Government Information Library. University of Colorado at Boulder. Archived from 5235: 5129: 4852: 4688: 4630: 4622: 4574: 4362:

Jobs, growth and poverty: what do we know, what don't we know, what should we know?

4232: 4189: 4034: 3993: 3928: 3869:"This professor says the workplace is the fifth leading cause of death in the U.S." 3722: 3329: 3256: 3197: 3131: 3054: 3049: 2846: 2550: 1935: 1767: 1586: 1570: 1466: 1456: 1011: 787: 732: 717: 702: 687: 617: 597: 577: 532: 405: 355: 325: 320: 8052: 3804: 3242:"Predicting job performance: A comparison of expert opinion and research findings" 2130:

Two of the prominent examples of work and employment contracts in Germany are the

667: 9525: 9424: 9299: 9174: 9144: 9129: 8968: 8958: 8928: 8834: 8468: 8378: 8283: 8177: 8142: 8107: 8042: 7967: 7952: 7846: 7802: 7639: 7573: 7548: 7543: 7519: 7250: 7235: 7109: 7044: 6853: 6823: 6811: 6675: 6573: 6440: 5778: 5545: 5348: 5323: 5313: 4969:

Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives (and Why We Don't Talk about It)

4942: 4726: 4368: 3932: 3839: 3760: 3283: 3202: 3186: 3136: 3121: 3085: 3074: 2990: 2955: 2920: 2822: 2735: 2683: 2577: 2565: 2554: 2159: 2055: 1984:, so that "wage labor" is considered to apply only to unskilled, semi-skilled or 1878: 1486: 1300: 1258: 1180: 966: 881: 792: 757: 722: 657: 582: 567: 454: 429: 424: 400: 172: 167: 9219: 2545:, where the gap between productivity and wages has been rising since the 1980s. 2383:

ruled that independent contractors are regarded as employees for the purpose of

8686: 8630: 8610: 8448: 8403: 8358: 8353: 8197: 8182: 8147: 8132: 8112: 8082: 7902: 7553: 7262: 7230: 7094: 6843: 6744: 6697: 6399: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6058: 5991: 5748: 5706: 5390: 5358: 5182: 5015: 4947:

Social pacts, employment and growth: a reappraisal of Ezio Tarantelli's thought

4626: 3920: 3786: 3781: 3101: 3069: 1927: 1814: 1500: 1325: 1320: 1305: 1268: 1090: 936: 812: 797: 762: 747: 727: 697: 517: 434: 124: 120: 7932: 5133: 4856: 4193: 4039: 4022: 3919:

Gross, Willi; Söhnlein, Walter (1990), Gross, Willi; Söhnlein, Walter (eds.),

2894:

Those who work under obligation for the purpose of fulfilling a debt, such as

547: 9616: 9560: 9550: 9399: 9089: 8918: 8793: 8711: 8615: 8483: 8453: 8423: 8162: 8152: 8127: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8037: 8027: 7997: 7987: 7892: 7792: 7765: 7529: 7069: 6988: 6973: 6958: 6729: 6707: 6613: 6497: 6430: 6404: 6339: 6182: 6139: 6134: 5986: 5870: 5768: 5490: 5343: 5328: 4864: 4807:

Budd, John W. and Bhave, Devasheesh (2010) "The Employment Relationship," in

4694:

The Poverty Paradox: Understanding Economic Hardship Amid American Prosperity

4595: 4236: 4201: 3377: 3126: 2833:

One of the alternatives to work is engaging in post-secondary education at a

2817:

Various youth subcultures have been associated with not working, such as the

2773: 2731: 2580:

is most effective at translating productivity growth into employment growth.

2573: 2542: 2432: 2286: 2079: 1985: 1981: 1951: 1870: 1799: 1743: 1578: 1250: 1185: 1145: 1110: 1036: 777: 767: 742: 682: 677: 672: 652: 642: 612: 602: 507: 410: 4177: 3282:

Archer, Richard; Borthwick, Kerry; Travers, Michelle; Ruschena, Leo (2017).

2498: 2481:

rates tend to be higher than the adult rates in every country in the world.

1817:

under the laws of a number of states in the United States, and most notably

1758:

Wiki-training with employees of Regional Institute of Culture in Katowice 02

1669:

An issue that arises in most companies, especially the ones that are in the

61: 9540: 9530: 9510: 9429: 9274: 9249: 9054: 8864: 8818: 8798: 8729: 8590: 8538: 8373: 8192: 8137: 8032: 8022: 8017: 7942: 7787: 7312: 7240: 7104: 7084: 7064: 7054: 7029: 6783: 6618: 6598: 6583: 6553: 6543: 6322: 6177: 6159: 6095: 6073: 6031: 6021: 5923: 5913: 5885: 5616: 5606: 5433: 5373: 4224: 3391: 3146: 3116: 3039: 2903: 2879: 2569: 2522: 2341: 2246: 2017: 1943: 1778:

There are many ways that employees are paid, including by hourly wages, by

1554: 1330: 1295: 1278: 1175: 1160: 1125: 1075: 1070: 1062: 996: 893: 807: 752: 647: 637: 632: 557: 105: 5007: 4478: 4265: 3997: 3532:

Glynn, Timothy P.; Arnow-Richman, Rachel S.; Sullivan, Charles A. (2019).

9555: 9545: 9520: 9495: 9214: 9039: 8983: 8768: 8691: 8681: 8508: 8458: 8408: 8167: 8157: 7947: 7826: 7770: 7245: 6717: 6640: 6608: 6068: 6016: 5634: 5591: 5566: 5535: 5530: 5485: 5410: 5400: 5385: 5338: 3801: 3141: 3012: 2581: 2406: 2269: 2188: 2021: 1959: 1874: 1854: 1670: 1662:

This section is about the classification in general. For other uses, see

1546: 1531: 1204: 1031: 1001: 981: 782: 772: 562: 197: 8993: 4827: 4635: 4579: 4553: 4532:"Work-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes: Preventing Injury to Young Drivers" 3596:. Vol. 158. Commerce Clearing House. 2009 – via Google Books. 2845:. One of the major costs of obtaining a post-secondary education is the 2233:, immediate end of employment only for strong reasons such as crime, or 1724:. Employers and job seekers also often find each other via professional 8803: 8716: 8503: 8324: 8077: 7877: 7654: 6927: 6734: 6647: 6625: 6593: 6492: 6477: 6457: 6222: 6187: 6149: 6063: 6026: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5918: 5875: 5860: 5838: 5763: 5601: 5581: 5500: 5368: 5363: 5333: 3564:. Vol. 2. Practising Law Institute. 2004 – via Google Books. 3212: 3161: 3034: 2995: 2883: 2838: 2507: 2303: 2299: 2036: 2013: 1963: 1898: 1639: 1610: 1598: 1534: 1476: 1170: 1165: 692: 492: 9359: 9134: 9099: 9025: 8978: 8908: 8878: 8808: 8553: 8498: 8473: 8438: 7927: 7857: 7214: 7114: 7034: 6848: 6533: 5892: 5793: 5753: 5723: 5644: 5480: 5443: 4896:

Employment with a Human Face: Balancing Efficiency, Equity, and Voice

3631: 3357: 2907: 2801: 2727: 2534: 2435:, i.e. the ratio of employed persons (15–24Y) in an economy to total 2264: 2009: 1931: 1779: 1721: 1625: 1562: 1285: 1026: 1021: 542: 473: 53: 4178:"Arbeitnehmerüberlassung aus Deutschland im Bereich des Baugewerbes" 4153:"Zeitarbeit = Leiharbeit: häufige Fragen – Bundesagentur für Arbeit" 9479: 9469: 9404: 9379: 9319: 7706: 6948: 6011: 6001: 5933: 5928: 5897: 5743: 5698: 5576: 5571: 5475: 5353: 5020:

Property and Contract in Economics: The Case for Economic Democracy

4567:"Why is youth unemployment so high and different across countries?" 2175: 1939: 1912: 1787: 1713: 1574: 1140: 2043:", politics will be "the shadow cast on society by big business". 956: 9505: 9304: 8859: 8721: 6578: 6528: 6267: 6217: 6006: 5711: 5395: 3166: 2899: 2863: 2834: 2538: 2514: 2107: 2025: 1954:

of the employer, except for special cases such as the vesting of

1916: 1643: 1590: 1315: 31: 4757:

Theoretical Perspectives on Work and the Employment Relationship

2898:, or as property of the person or entity they work for, such as 9535: 8513: 6702: 6050: 5694: 2858:

In some countries, individuals who are not working can receive

2818: 2530: 2203:

According to Swedish law, there are three types of employment.

2115: 2029: 1920: 1903: 1886: 1882: 1783: 1566: 1263: 876: 5264:. Statistics and databases. International Labour Organization. 4023:"Kollegen anstellen: Was beim Arbeitsvertrag zu beachten ist!" 3281: 3003:

authorities. Self-employed people are usually classified as a

8293: 6563: 5268: 4663: 4297:"Brown v. J. Kaz, Inc., No. 08-2713 (3d Cir. Sept. 11, 2009)" 4231:(in German), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 361–368, 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 2546: 2526: 2503: 2164: 2091: 2090:

Bangladesh Association of International Recruiting Agencies (

1908: 1273: 30:"Day job" redirects here. For the album by Gord Bamford, see 7183: 3698: 3686: 3288:(4th ed.). Cengage Learning Australia. pp. 30–31. 6603: 6046: 4223:

Stieglmeier, Jacqueline (2005), Hök, Götz-Sebastian (ed.),

2742: 1970: 1947: 1734: 1573:

between the parties. Employees in some sectors may receive

1558: 5167:(5th ed.). Milton, Qld: John Wiley. pp. 412–14. 4129:"Zeitarbeit: Infos und Stellen | Bundesagentur für Arbeit" 3667: 3580:. Vol. 52. West Group. 2009 – via Google Books. 3531: 2039:

posited that until "industrial feudalism" is replaced by "

9515: 5586: 5119: 4994:

The World of Work: Industrial Society and Human Relations

3927:(in German), Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, pp. 127–135, 2761: 2360:

Government employment as % of total employment in EU

4229:

Handbuch des internationalen und ausländischen Baurechts

2676: 2650:

Growth episodes associated with no fall in poverty rates

2379:

benefits. However, in September 2009, the court case of

1561:, which can be paid on the basis of an hourly rate, by 6273:

List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents

4821: 4819: 4817: 4809:

Sage Handbook of Handbook of Human Resource Management

4360:

Claire Melamed, Renate Hartwig and Ursula Grant 2011.

4175: 1650:

and who does not provide these services as part of an

1634:

contributes labour and expertise to an endeavor of an

5210:(3rd ed.). Milton, Qld: Wiley. pp. 355–57. 5094:"Globalization and Employment: Is Anxiety Justified?" 2741:

They found that most available literature focuses on

2625:

Growth episodes associated with falling poverty rates

4839:

Blattman, Christopher; Annan, Jeannie (2016-02-01).

3535:

Employment Law: Private Ordering and Its Limitations

3490: 4814: 3749: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3498:(Report). J. B. Lyon Company. pp. 11, 50, 144. 2889: 2537:, but the negative impact is beginning to show. In 5063: 4991: 3901:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2008-03-19 2020:. Socialists draw parallels between the trade of 9614: 4998:. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall. p. 4941: 4770:Beyond Contract: Work, Power and Trust Relations 3710: 3321: 2032:is also known to have suggested such parallels. 8479:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 4176:Auer, M.; Egglmeier-Schmolke, B. (2009-10-01). 3511: 3444:"Overview of Independent Contractor Guidelines" 3421:Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. Superior Court 2078:Australian employment has been governed by the 1692: 5208:Organisational Behaviour: A Global Perspective 4913:"Why Workplace Democracy Can Be Good Business" 4385:"Contract types and employer responsibilities" 3239: 2345:All employees, private industries, by branches 2329:List of largest employers in the United States 1969:In modern mixed economies such as that of the 1934:and an employer, where the worker sells their 9009: 8309: 7199: 5284: 5036: 4838: 4485:. CDC NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic 3918: 3606: 2940:The examples and perspective in this article 2059:leading cause of death in the United States. 1701: 1508: 913: 4794:Befort, Stephen F. and Budd, John W. (2009) 4759:, Industrial Relations Research Association. 4596:"When It Comes to Work, How Old Is Too Old?" 3895:"House of Reps seals 'death' of WorkChoices" 3359:The entrepreneur's guide to law and strategy 3240:Dakin, Stephen; Armstrong, J. Scott (1989). 2337:Independent contracting in the United States 2272:worker confined to a small workstation/booth 1545:, one party, the employer, which might be a 4222: 2828: 2738:, they found impact growth to be positive. 1749: 9016: 9002: 8316: 8302: 7206: 7192: 5291: 5277: 5262:"Overview and topics of labour statistics" 5140: 3680: 3425:, vol. 4, April 30, 2018, p. 903 2110:, formal complaints can be brought to the 1604: 1515: 1501: 920: 906: 34:. For the album by Surburban Legends, see 27:Relationship between employee and employer 9023: 7015:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 4657: 4634: 4593: 4578: 4266:"AÜG – nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis" 4038: 3468:"Employer Liability for Employee Conduct" 2978:Learn how and when to remove this message 1836: 1657: 6859:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 5541:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 5181: 5070:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 5058: 5044:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 5014: 4963: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4346: 3866: 3826: 3721: 3704: 3692: 3661: 3512:Deakin, Simon; Wilkinson, Frank (2005). 3351: 3349: 3045:Career-oriented social networking market 2878:Workers who are not paid wages, such as 2564:argue that there are differences across 2497: 2426: 2355: 2340: 2263: 1942:. These transactions usually occur in a 1902: 1753: 7040:Credentialism and educational inflation 5188:The Making of the English Working Class 4935: 4910: 4725: 4564: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 3838: 3728:Competitive Advantage on the Shop Floor 3224: 2513:Employment is no guarantee of escaping 1848: 1664:Independent contractor (disambiguation) 14: 9615: 6911:List of countries by unemployment rate 4906: 4904: 4735:. Crown Publishing Group. p. 62. 3355: 2762:Globalization and employment relations 2717: 2422: 2062: 2049:investment theory of party competition 1938:under a formal or informal employment 1597:. Employment is typically governed by 8997: 8297: 7187: 5272: 5162: 4989: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4828:https://partnerplatform.org/?7ljwndv4 4783:Sage Handbook of Industrial Relations 4612: 4554:https://partnerplatform.org/?fza26891 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4473: 4471: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 3822: 3820: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3600: 3584: 3568: 3538:. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. 3525: 3507: 3505: 3346: 2919:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 2677:Models of the employment relationship 2449:Young workers are at higher risk for 2417: 1853:Employees can organize into trade or 5809:Practice-based professional learning 5205: 4687: 4511:"Work-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes" 4417:, 754 F.2d 747, 750 (7th Cir. 1985). 4323: 4020: 3630: 3552: 3317: 3315: 3249:International Journal of Forecasting 3235: 3233: 2926: 2853: 2781:International competition, from the 2484: 2367:Employees are often contrasted with 1860: 1824: 7283:Agent-based computational economics 6357:Workers' right to access the toilet 5091: 4901: 4594:Chosewood, L. Casey (May 3, 2011). 3030:Alternative employment arrangements 2118:, grievances can be filed with the 1958:patents in the United States where 1646:on a regular basis in exchange for 1601:, organisation or legal contracts. 1191:Workers' right to access the toilet 24: 4879: 4658:Henderson, Kaitlyn (May 3, 2023). 4600:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health 4496: 4468: 4320:Lag om anställningsskydd (1982:80) 4282: 3817: 3648: 3619: 3561:Annual Institute on Employment Law 3502: 2913: 2214:Time limited employment (Swedish: 2193:Department of Labor and Employment 25: 9634: 5225: 5146:The Tradition of Workers' Control 4911:Rayasam, Renuka (24 April 2008). 4845:American Political Science Review 4565:Pastore, Francesco (2018-01-23). 4432:United States Department of Labor 3867:McGregor, Jena (March 22, 2018). 3312: 3230: 2519:International Labour Organization 2392:United States Department of Labor 2333:Labor unions in the United States 2259: 2191:, employment is regulated by the 9571: 9570: 7741:neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis 7128: 7127: 6421:Corporate collapses and scandals 4479:"Young Worker Safety and Health" 2931: 2890:Indentured servitude and slavery 2318: 2146:. Another employment setting is 2120:Commission des normes du travail 1086:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 955: 887: 875: 60: 36:Day Job (Suburban Legends album) 4949:. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 4832: 4801: 4788: 4775: 4762: 4749: 4719: 4681: 4651: 4606: 4587: 4558: 4545: 4524: 4450: 4420: 4408: 4399: 4377: 4314: 4258: 4216: 4169: 4145: 4121: 4096: 4071: 4047: 4014: 3978: 3954: 3912: 3887: 3860: 3832: 3808: 3794: 3774: 2873: 2807: 2590:Growth, employment and poverty 2493: 1991: 1911:for a water treatment plant in 1773: 162:Concepts, theory and techniques 8323: 6921:Employment-to-population ratio 6293:Occupational health psychology 5298: 4615:Journal of Economic Psychology 4373:Overseas Development Institute 4225:"Internationales Arbeitsrecht" 3846:. HarperBusiness. p. 38. 3607:Ellie Kaufman (May 19, 2018). 3484: 3460: 3436: 3411: 3384: 3275: 2812: 2783:newly industrialized countries 2700:Pluralist industrial relations 2562:Overseas Development Institute 2445:Young worker safety and health 2182: 1541:services. Usually based on a 1530:is a relationship between two 1136:Occupational safety and health 1131:Occupational safety and health 13: 1: 8845:Critique of political economy 7677:Critique of political economy 7213: 7009:Works Progress Administration 6901:Unemployment Convention, 1919 6313:Personal protective equipment 5866:Occupational Outlook Handbook 2431:Youth employment rate in the 2085: 1892: 1259:Chronological list of strikes 8429:History of capitalist theory 7090:Psychopathy in the workplace 6263:Human factors and ergonomics 5040:; Goroff, Daniel L. (2009). 4918:U.S. News & World Report 4798:, Stanford University Press. 4104:"Arbeitsvertrag (Befristet)" 3933:10.1007/978-3-322-99402-8_13 3515:The Law of the Labour Market 3356:Bagley, Constance E (2017). 3261:10.1016/0169-2070(89)90086-1 3092:Equal opportunity employment 2221:Normal employment (Swedish: 2073: 1693:Employer–worker relationship 7: 7075:Narcissism in the workplace 6288:Occupational exposure limit 5104:(5): 485–98. Archived from 5098:International Labour Review 4898:, Cornell University Press. 3397:Legal Information Institute 3022: 2954:, discuss the issue on the 2170: 2054:American business theorist 1551:not-for-profit organization 10: 9639: 9095:Counterproductive behavior 7815:Real business-cycle theory 7004:Civil Works Administration 6886:Technological unemployment 6362:Workplace health promotion 5819:Professional certification 5516:Personality–job fit theory 5163:Stone, Raymond J. (2005). 5092:Lee, Eddy (January 1996). 4973:Princeton University Press 4627:10.1016/j.joep.2016.10.002 4539:NIOSH Publication 2013-152 4518:NIOSH Publication 2013-153 4270:www.gesetze-im-internet.de 4079:"Links zu Musterverträgen" 4059:www.gesetze-im-internet.de 3966:www.gesetze-im-internet.de 3521:. Oxford University Press. 2918: 2442: 2322: 2207:Test employment (Swedish: 2157: 2125: 2066: 2001: 1995: 1896: 1720:) and online, also called 1708:Application for employment 1705: 1702:Labor acquisition / hiring 1661: 1615: 1608: 29: 9569: 9488: 9032: 8872: 8826: 8762: 8673: 8522: 8464:Multinational corporation 8341: 8331: 8255: 8213: 7855: 7589: 7338: 7303: 7221: 7123: 7022: 6984:Guaranteed minimum income 6941: 6782: 6656: 6569:Organizational commitment 6521: 6413: 6380: 6243: 6168: 6045: 5972: 5906: 5693: 5615: 5559: 5409: 5306: 5165:Human Resource Management 5148:. London: Freedom Press. 5134:10.1108/01425450210420884 4857:10.1017/S0003055415000520 4755:Kaufman, Bruce E. (2004) 4194:10.1007/s00738-009-0718-x 4055:"§ 611a BGB – Einzelnorm" 4040:10.1007/s00092-017-1358-0 3787:Dictionary.com Unabridged 3577:New York Jurisprudence 2d 3548:– via Google Books. 3322:Robert A. Ristau (2010). 3152:List of largest employers 2694:Human resource management 2589: 2409:created in 1955, and the 2216:Tidsbegränsad anställning 2198: 2097: 2035:The American philosopher 1952:undifferentiated property 1618:List of largest employers 1222:International comparisons 1156:Right to rest and leisure 1096:Employment discrimination 9597:Aspects of organizations 9245:Hostile work environment 8789:Labor market flexibility 7153:Aspects of organizations 6834:Involuntary unemployment 6395:Equal pay for equal work 6318:Repetitive strain injury 5824:Professional development 5814:Professional association 5496:Letter of recommendation 4541:. NIOSH. September 2013. 4520:. NIOSH. September 2013. 4237:10.1007/3-540-27450-2_24 3962:"§ 631 BGB – Einzelnorm" 3733:Harvard University Press 3097:Equal pay for equal work 2829:Post-secondary education 2469:Fair Labor Standards Act 2411:Change to Win Federation 2245:There are no laws about 2153: 1763:Training and development 1750:Training and development 1609:Not to be confused with 1007:Social movement unionism 150:JEL classification codes 9582:Aspects of corporations 9370:Quality of working life 9060:Artificial intelligence 8934:Individualist anarchism 7455:Industrial organization 7278:Computational economics 7138:Aspects of corporations 7100:Slow movement (culture) 6979:Employer of last resort 6881:Structural unemployment 6819:Frictional unemployment 6258:Epilepsy and employment 6145:Performance-related pay 6079:National average salary 5997:996 working hour system 4699:Oxford University Press 4415:United States v. Latham 3990:Recht – Schnell Erfasst 3641:Wage Labour and Capital 3285:WHS: A Management Guide 2747:middle-income countries 2460:motor vehicle accidents 2369:independent contractors 2325:United States labor law 2148:Arbeitnehmerüberlassung 1930:relationship between a 1877:, is referred to as an 1726:recruitment consultants 1675:independent contractors 1605:Employees and employers 1217:Trade union federations 1212:Trade unions by country 336:Industrial organization 193:Computational economics 9592:Aspects of occupations 8899:Collectivist anarchism 8814:Social venture capital 8784:Freedom of association 7660:Modern monetary theory 7325:Experimental economics 7295:Pluralism in economics 7268:Mathematical economics 7148:Aspects of occupations 6954:Unemployment insurance 6906:Unemployment extension 6681:Constructive dismissal 6488:Sleeping while on duty 6453:Exploitation of labour 6335:Sick building syndrome 5511:Person–environment fit 5381:Independent contractor 5243:"Labor and Employment" 5206:Wood, Jack M. (2004). 4990:Dubin, Robert (1958). 4021:Höhl, Rebekka (2017). 3208:Universal basic income 3011:, or as a member of a 3009:independent contractor 2510: 2440: 2377:unemployment insurance 2361: 2346: 2273: 2223:Tillsvidareanställning 2047:has postulated in his 2004:Exploitation of labour 1923: 1842:Organizational justice 1837:Organizational justice 1759: 1718:classified advertising 1658:Independent contractor 1537:the provision of paid 1116:Freedom of association 188:Experimental economics 9330:Performance appraisal 9080:Computer surveillance 8964:Post-scarcity economy 8939:Libertarian socialism 8924:Free-market socialism 8855:Market fundamentalism 8840:Capitalist propaganda 8434:Industrial Revolution 8349:Anarchy of production 7158:Aspects of workplaces 6896:Unemployment benefits 6891:Types of unemployment 6876:Reserve army of labor 6829:Graduate unemployment 6723:Letter of resignation 6352:Workers' compensation 6345:Occupational fatality 5854:Vocational university 5454:Employment counsellor 5238:on 29 September 2012) 5191:. New York: Vintage. 4894:Budd, John W. (2004) 4602:. Medscape and NIOSH. 4367:May 20, 2011, at the 4182:Baurechtliche Blätter 4157:www.arbeitsagentur.de 4133:www.arbeitsagentur.de 4108:IHK Frankfurt am Main 4083:IHK Frankfurt am Main 3998:10.1007/3-540-32544-1 3218:Work (human activity) 3192:Reserve army of labor 3182:Protestant work ethic 3157:Lump of labor fallacy 3065:Employer registration 2549:and social scientist 2501: 2430: 2399:collective bargaining 2381:Brown v. J. Kaz, Inc. 2359: 2351:Internal Revenue Code 2344: 2267: 2114:. In the province of 1956:intellectual property 1906: 1757: 1706:Further information: 1616:Further information: 1101:Employment protection 1081:Collective bargaining 987:Exploitation of labor 9475:Workplace harassment 9465:Work–family conflict 9180:Employee recognition 8419:Financial Revolution 8384:Economic development 7534:Social choice theory 7290:Behavioral economics 7273:Complexity economics 6964:Job creation program 6740:Mandatory retirement 6693:Employee offboarding 6513:Workplace incivility 6508:Workplace harassment 6283:Occupational disease 6278:Occupational burnout 6193:Disability insurance 6037:Workweek and weekend 5844:Vocational education 5759:Continuing education 5597:Permanent employment 5142:Ostergaard, Geoffrey 4936:General bibliography 4772:, Farber and Farber. 4438:on 27 September 2012 3492:J. Mayhew Wainwright 3362:. Cengage Learning. 3225:Notes and references 2960:create a new article 2952:improve this article 2942:may not represent a 2768:employment relations 2707:industrial relations 2455:occupational hazards 2373:workers compensation 2041:industrial democracy 1849:Workforce organizing 1652:independent business 1595:disability insurance 1462:Industrial relations 1451:Academic disciplines 1047:National-syndicalism 1017:Democratic socialism 415:Social choice theory 9345:Positive psychology 9240:Health surveillance 9170:Employee monitoring 9165:Employee experience 9160:Employee engagement 9155:Employee assistance 9140:Effects of overtime 9045:Abusive supervision 8894:Anarcho-syndicalism 8889:Anarcho-primitivism 8774:Economic inequality 8389:Economic liberalism 7618:American (National) 7318:Economic statistics 6869:Recession-proof job 6864:Lists of recessions 6802:Economic depression 6750:Retirement planning 6631:Work–life interface 6468:Employee monitoring 6436:Corporate behaviour 6426:Accounting scandals 6308:Occupational stress 6298:Occupational injury 5834:Reflective practice 5829:Professional school 5551:Work-at-home scheme 5471:Induction programme 5449:Employment contract 5429:Business networking 5234:(archived from the 5038:Freeman, Richard B. 4965:Anderson, Elizabeth 4732:Poverty, by America 4701:. pp. 4, 121. 4580:10.15185/izawol.420 4405:26 U.S.C. § 3401(c) 3873:The Washington Post 3761:merriam-webster.com 3172:Personnel selection 2896:indentured servants 2843:professional school 2718:Academic literature 2560:Researchers at the 2525:. For instance, in 2451:occupational injury 2423:Younger age workers 2385:discrimination laws 2313:Zero-hour contracts 2281:Fixed-term contract 2069:Employment contract 2063:Employment contract 2024:as a commodity and 1622:List of professions 1042:Anarcho-syndicalism 882:Business portal 203:Operations research 183:National accounting 9375:Queen bee syndrome 8914:Economic democracy 8735:Private foundation 7132:See also templates 6969:Job creation index 6933:Youth unemployment 6797:Discouraged worker 6686:Wrongful dismissal 6666:At-will employment 6539:Civil conscription 6503:Workplace bullying 6390:Affirmative action 6372:Workplace wellness 6303:Occupational noise 5944:Long service leave 5804:Overspecialization 5784:Induction training 5739:Career development 5122:Employee Relations 5016:Ellerman, David P. 4571:IZA World of Labor 3080:Employment website 3007:(or sole trader), 2511: 2479:Youth unemployment 2441: 2418:Age-related issues 2362: 2347: 2291:part-time contract 2274: 2235:lack of work tasks 2112:Ministry of Labour 1926:Wage labor is the 1924: 1907:Worker assembling 1867:at-will employment 1819:New York State law 1760: 1712:The main ways for 1151:Professional abuse 213:Industrial complex 208:Middle income trap 9610: 9609: 9335:Personality clash 9280:Kiss up kick down 8991: 8990: 8884:Anarcho-communism 8755:Spontaneous order 8750:Social alienation 8707:Economic mobility 8394:Economic planning 8291: 8290: 7822:New institutional 7181: 7180: 7080:Post-work society 7060:Kiss up kick down 6792:Barriers to entry 6757:Severance package 6589:Human trafficking 6483:Sexual harassment 6463:Employee handbook 6382:Equal opportunity 6245:Safety and health 6235:Take-home vehicle 5849:Vocational school 5799:Lifelong learning 5774:Further education 5734:Career counseling 5729:Career assessment 5506:Overqualification 5217:978-0-470-80262-5 5198:978-0-394-70322-0 5174:978-0-470-80403-2 5155:978-0-900384-91-2 5051:978-0-226-26189-8 4982:978-0-691-17651-2 4971:. Princeton, NJ: 4956:978-3-7908-1915-1 4768:Fox, Alan (1974) 4689:Rank, Mark Robert 4246:978-3-540-27450-6 3942:978-3-322-99402-8 3853:978-0-06-280092-3 3742:978-0-674-15416-2 3731:. Cambridge, MA: 3723:Lazonick, William 3545:978-1-5438-0106-4 3369:978-1-285-42849-9 3339:978-0-538-74066-1 3325:Intro to Business 3295:978-0-17-027079-3 3177:Post-work society 3107:Faithless servant 3060:Employer branding 2988: 2987: 2980: 2962:, as appropriate. 2860:social assistance 2854:Social assistance 2674: 2673: 2485:Older age workers 2453:and face certain 2104:Canadian province 1982:class assignments 1861:Ending employment 1830:Employee benefits 1825:Employee benefits 1811:faithless servant 1525: 1524: 1482:Post-work society 1311:Solidarity action 1121:Legal working age 977:Conflict theories 930: 929: 16:(Redirected from 9630: 9574: 9573: 9290:Machiavellianism 9235:Health promotion 9190:Employee surveys 9185:Employee silence 9018: 9011: 9004: 8995: 8994: 8974:Social anarchism 8949:Market socialism 8944:Market anarchism 8850:Critique of work 8740:Private property 8702:Economic freedom 8697:Decentralization 8675:Cultural aspects 8636:Regulated market 8414:Financial crisis 8399:Entrepreneurship 8318: 8311: 8304: 8295: 8294: 7495:Natural resource 7330:Economic history 7256:Mechanism design 7208: 7201: 7194: 7185: 7184: 7168:Critique of work 7163:Corporate titles 7131: 7130: 7050:Evil corporation 6916:Employment rates 6839:Jobless recovery 6807:Great Depression 6767:Golden parachute 6762:Golden handshake 6559:Job satisfaction 6549:Critique of work 6367:Workplace phobia 6198:Health insurance 6155:Wage compression 6123:Progressive wage 5982:35-hour workweek 5949:No call, no show 5939:Leave of absence 5789:Knowledge worker 5717:Master craftsman 5521:Personality hire 5459:Executive search 5439:Curriculum vitae 5424:Background check 5293: 5286: 5279: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5221: 5202: 5178: 5159: 5137: 5116: 5114: 5113: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5069: 5060:Ferguson, Thomas 5055: 5033: 5011: 4997: 4986: 4960: 4943:Acocella, Nicola 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4908: 4899: 4892: 4877: 4876: 4836: 4830: 4823: 4812: 4805: 4799: 4792: 4786: 4779: 4773: 4766: 4760: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4727:Desmond, Matthew 4723: 4717: 4716: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4672: 4670: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4638: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4562: 4556: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4536: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4515: 4507: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4475: 4466: 4465: 4460:. 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Archived from 4293: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4254: 4253: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4139: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4090: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4018: 4012: 4011: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3972: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3840:Pfeffer, Jeffrey 3836: 3830: 3824: 3815: 3812: 3806: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3719: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3665: 3659: 3646: 3645: 3628: 3617: 3616: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3509: 3500: 3499: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3454: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3424: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3405: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3353: 3344: 3343: 3330:Cengage Learning 3319: 3310: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3246: 3237: 3198:Salary inversion 3132:Jobless recovery 3055:Domestic inquiry 3050:Critique of work 2983: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2935: 2934: 2927: 2847:opportunity cost 2587: 2586: 2566:economic sectors 2551:Mark Robert Rank 2227:Fast anställning 1998:Labour economics 1768:job satisfaction 1728:which receive a 1587:health insurance 1571:bargaining power 1517: 1510: 1503: 1457:Critique of work 1301:Pen-down strikes 1012:Social democracy 959: 949: 939: 932: 931: 922: 915: 908: 894:Money portal 892: 891: 890: 880: 879: 376:Natural resource 168:Economic systems 64: 41: 40: 21: 9638: 9637: 9633: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9628: 9627: 9613: 9612: 9611: 9606: 9587:Aspects of jobs 9565: 9526:Labour movement 9484: 9425:Toxic workplace 9395:Robotics safety 9325:Parkinson's law 9315:Office politics 9300:Micromanagement 9175:Employee morale 9145:Emotional labor 9130:Divide and rule 9105:Culture of fear 9028: 9022: 8992: 8987: 8969:Sharing economy 8959:Post-capitalism 8929:Green anarchism 8868: 8835:Anti-capitalism 8822: 8758: 8669: 8661:State-sponsored 8518: 8494:Property rights 8469:Nationalization 8379:Economic bubble 8337: 8327: 8322: 8292: 8287: 8284:Business portal 8251: 8250: 8249: 8209: 7973:von Böhm-Bawerk 7861: 7860: 7851: 7623:Ancient thought 7601: 7600: 7594: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7334: 7299: 7251:Contract theory 7236:Decision theory 7217: 7212: 7182: 7177: 7173:Organized labor 7143:Aspects of jobs 7119: 7110:Toxic workplace 7045:Emotional labor 7018: 6942:Public programs 6937: 6854:Great Recession 6824:Full employment 6812:Long Depression 6778: 6676:Banishment room 6652: 6574:Refusal of work 6517: 6441:Corporate crime 6409: 6376: 6239: 6164: 6041: 5968: 5902: 5779:Graduate school 5689: 5611: 5555: 5546:Underemployment 5405: 5349:Self-employment 5324:Contingent work 5314:Academic tenure 5307:Classifications 5302: 5297: 5260: 5252: 5250: 5241: 5228: 5218: 5199: 5183:Thompson, E. P. 5175: 5156: 5111: 5109: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5052: 5030: 4983: 4957: 4938: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4909: 4902: 4893: 4880: 4837: 4833: 4824: 4815: 4806: 4802: 4793: 4789: 4780: 4776: 4767: 4763: 4754: 4750: 4743: 4724: 4720: 4709: 4686: 4682: 4668: 4666: 4656: 4652: 4611: 4607: 4592: 4588: 4563: 4559: 4550: 4546: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4497: 4488: 4486: 4477: 4476: 4469: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4413: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4369:Wayback Machine 4359: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4306: 4304: 4295: 4294: 4283: 4274: 4272: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4221: 4217: 4174: 4170: 4161: 4159: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4137: 4135: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4113: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4088: 4086: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4063: 4061: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4019: 4015: 4008: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3970: 3968: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3917: 3913: 3904: 3902: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3878: 3876: 3865: 3861: 3854: 3837: 3833: 3825: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3799: 3795: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3720: 3711: 3703: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3681:Ostergaard 1997 3679: 3668: 3660: 3649: 3629: 3620: 3605: 3601: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3546: 3530: 3526: 3518: 3510: 3503: 3489: 3485: 3476: 3474: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3452: 3450: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3428: 3426: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3403: 3401: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3370: 3354: 3347: 3340: 3320: 3313: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3280: 3276: 3244: 3238: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3203:Staffing models 3187:Refusal of work 3137:Labor economics 3122:Job description 3086:The End of Work 3075:Employment rate 3025: 3020: 3019: 3005:sole proprietor 2991:Self-employment 2984: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2949: 2936: 2932: 2924: 2921:Self-employment 2916: 2914:Self-employment 2892: 2876: 2862:support (e.g., 2856: 2831: 2823:punk subculture 2815: 2810: 2764: 2736:food processing 2720: 2684:working classes 2679: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2619: 2617: 2612: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2598: 2578:services sector 2555:Matthew Desmond 2496: 2487: 2447: 2425: 2420: 2339: 2321: 2262: 2231:personal reason 2209:Provanställning 2201: 2185: 2173: 2162: 2160:Labour in India 2156: 2128: 2100: 2088: 2076: 2071: 2065: 2056:Jeffrey Pfeffer 2045:Thomas Ferguson 2006: 2000: 1994: 1901: 1895: 1879:employment bond 1863: 1851: 1839: 1827: 1776: 1752: 1710: 1704: 1695: 1667: 1660: 1628: 1614: 1607: 1599:employment laws 1521: 1492: 1491: 1487:Refusal of work 1467:Labor economics 1452: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1347: 1337: 1336: 1335: 1326:Wildcat strikes 1321:Whipsaw strikes 1306:Sitdown strikes 1253: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1207: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1181:Toxic workplace 1065: 1055: 1054: 1051: 969: 948:Organized labor 947: 937: 926: 888: 886: 874: 867: 866: 837: 827: 826: 825: 824: 588:von Böhm-Bawerk 476: 465: 464: 226: 218: 217: 173:Economic growth 163: 155: 154: 96: 94:classifications 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9636: 9626: 9625: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9578: 9576: 9567: 9566: 9564: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9492: 9490: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9120:Discrimination 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9036: 9034: 9030: 9029: 9021: 9020: 9013: 9006: 8998: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8874: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8830: 8824: 8823: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8764: 8763:Social aspects 8760: 8759: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8687:American Dream 8684: 8679: 8677: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8524: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8449:Market failure 8446: 8444:Market economy 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8404:Ecopreneurship 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8359:Centralization 8356: 8354:Business cycle 8351: 8345: 8343: 8339: 8338: 8332: 8329: 8328: 8321: 8320: 8313: 8306: 8298: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8253: 8252: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8232: 8227: 8221: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8211: 8210: 8208: 8207: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7864: 7862: 7856: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7818: 7817: 7807: 7806: 7805: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7784: 7783: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7759: 7749: 7744: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7687:Disequilibrium 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7663: 7662: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7636: 7635: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7604: 7602: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7582: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7500:Organizational 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7336: 7335: 7333: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7309: 7307: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7263:Macroeconomics 7260: 7259: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7231:Microeconomics 7227: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7211: 7210: 7203: 7196: 7188: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7134: 7133: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7095:Sunday scaries 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7026: 7024: 7020: 7019: 7012: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6945: 6943: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6872: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6846: 6844:Phillips curve 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6809: 6799: 6794: 6788: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6776: 6771: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6754: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6745:Retirement age 6742: 6732: 6727: 6726: 6725: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6698:Exit interview 6695: 6690: 6689: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6668: 6662: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6645: 6644: 6643: 6638: 6628: 6623: 6622: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6448:Discrimination 6445: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6402: 6400:Gender pay gap 6397: 6392: 6386: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6348: 6347: 6337: 6332: 6331: 6330: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6249: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6231: 6230: 6220: 6215: 6213:Parental leave 6210: 6208:Marriage leave 6205: 6203:Life insurance 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6174: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6131: 6130: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6059:Income bracket 6055: 6053: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5992:Eight-hour day 5989: 5984: 5978: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5751: 5749:Creative class 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5709: 5707:Apprenticeship 5703: 5701: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5675:Scarlet-collar 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5621: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5563: 5561: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5415: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5391:Temporary work 5388: 5383: 5378: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5359:Skilled worker 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5303: 5296: 5295: 5288: 5281: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5258: 5239: 5227: 5226:External links 5224: 5223: 5222: 5216: 5203: 5197: 5179: 5173: 5160: 5154: 5138: 5117: 5089: 5076: 5056: 5050: 5034: 5028: 5012: 4987: 4981: 4961: 4955: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4900: 4878: 4831: 4813: 4800: 4787: 4774: 4761: 4748: 4741: 4718: 4708:978-0190212636 4707: 4680: 4650: 4605: 4586: 4557: 4544: 4523: 4495: 4467: 4464:on 2014-11-17. 4449: 4419: 4407: 4398: 4376: 4322: 4313: 4281: 4257: 4245: 4215: 4168: 4144: 4120: 4095: 4070: 4046: 4013: 4006: 3986:"Arbeitsrecht" 3977: 3953: 3941: 3911: 3886: 3859: 3852: 3831: 3816: 3807: 3793: 3790:(Online). n.d. 3773: 3748: 3741: 3735:. p. 37. 3709: 3707:, p. 912. 3697: 3695:, p. 599. 3685: 3683:, p. 133. 3666: 3647: 3618: 3599: 3583: 3567: 3551: 3544: 3524: 3501: 3483: 3459: 3435: 3410: 3383: 3368: 3345: 3338: 3332:. p. 74. 3311: 3294: 3274: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3102:Ethnic Penalty 3099: 3094: 3089: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3070:Employment gap 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3026: 3024: 3021: 2986: 2985: 2968:September 2023 2946:of the subject 2944:worldwide view 2939: 2937: 2930: 2925: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2891: 2888: 2875: 2872: 2855: 2852: 2830: 2827: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2786: 2763: 2760: 2719: 2716: 2711: 2710: 2703: 2697: 2691: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2621: 2614: 2607: 2600: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2495: 2492: 2486: 2483: 2443:Main article: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2310: 2297: 2294: 2284: 2261: 2260:United Kingdom 2258: 2254:Timanställning 2247:minimum salary 2243: 2242: 2219: 2212: 2200: 2197: 2184: 2181: 2172: 2169: 2158:Main article: 2155: 2152: 2136:Arbeitsvertrag 2127: 2124: 2099: 2096: 2087: 2084: 2075: 2072: 2067:Main article: 2064: 2061: 1996:Main article: 1993: 1990: 1897:Main article: 1894: 1891: 1862: 1859: 1850: 1847: 1838: 1835: 1826: 1823: 1775: 1772: 1751: 1748: 1703: 1700: 1694: 1691: 1659: 1656: 1606: 1603: 1579:bonus payments 1523: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1512: 1505: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1433:United Kingdom 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1269:General strike 1266: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1226: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1208: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1091:Eight-hour day 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 973: 970: 967:Labor movement 965: 964: 961: 960: 952: 951: 943: 942: 928: 927: 925: 924: 917: 910: 902: 899: 898: 897: 896: 884: 869: 868: 865: 864: 859: 849: 844: 838: 833: 832: 829: 828: 823: 822: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 479: 478: 477: 471: 470: 467: 466: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 381:Organizational 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 227: 225:By application 224: 223: 220: 219: 216: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 164: 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 118: 113: 108: 103: 97: 91: 90: 87: 86: 85: 84: 79: 74: 66: 65: 57: 56: 50: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9635: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9579: 9577: 9568: 9562: 9561:Whistleblower 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9551:Strike action 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9493: 9491: 9487: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9400:Role conflict 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9385:Relationships 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9090:Control freak 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9019: 9014: 9012: 9007: 9005: 9000: 8999: 8996: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8919:Eco-socialism 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8871: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8825: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8761: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8712:Individualism 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8672: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8571: 8570:Laissez-faire 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8534:Authoritarian 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8484:Privatization 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8454:Merchantilism 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8424:Globalization 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8330: 8326: 8319: 8314: 8312: 8307: 8305: 8300: 8299: 8296: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8254: 8246: 8243: 8240: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8216: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7868:de Mandeville 7866: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7854: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7811: 7810:New classical 7808: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7782: 7779: 7778: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7766:Malthusianism 7764: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7742: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7727:Institutional 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7531: 7530:Public choice 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7505:Participation 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7465:Institutional 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7415:Expeditionary 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7405:Environmental 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7343: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7314: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7209: 7204: 7202: 7197: 7195: 7190: 7189: 7186: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7135: 7126: 7125: 7122: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7070:Make-work job 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7016: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6989:Right to work 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6974:Job guarantee 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6959:Make-work job 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6781: 6775: 6772: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6759: 6758: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6730:Restructuring 6728: 6724: 6721: 6720: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6708:Notice period 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6646: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6520: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6498:Whistleblower 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6431:Control fraud 6429: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6405:Glass ceiling 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6340:Work accident 6338: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6328:United States 6326: 6325: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6228:United States 6226: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6183:Casual Friday 6181: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6140:Paid time off 6138: 6136: 6135:Overtime rate 6133: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6116:United States 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5987:Four-day week 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5871:Practice firm 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5769:Employability 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5670:Orange-collar 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5617:Working class 5614: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5491:Job interview 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5344:Part-time job 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5329:Full-time job 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5289: 5287: 5282: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5263: 5259: 5249:on 2009-06-12 5248: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5232:Business Link 5230: 5229: 5219: 5213: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5166: 5161: 5157: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5128:(2): 129–50. 5127: 5123: 5118: 5108:on 2013-05-16 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5090: 5079: 5077:0-226-24317-6 5073: 5068: 5067: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5029:1-55786-309-1 5025: 5022:. Blackwell. 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4996: 4995: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4907: 4905: 4897: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4835: 4829: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4810: 4804: 4797: 4791: 4784: 4778: 4771: 4765: 4758: 4752: 4744: 4742:9780593239919 4738: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4722: 4715: 4710: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4684: 4677: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4581: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4561: 4555: 4548: 4540: 4533: 4527: 4519: 4512: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4472: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4428:"Termination" 4423: 4416: 4411: 4402: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4317: 4303:on 2012-03-23 4302: 4298: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4271: 4267: 4261: 4248: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4184:(in German). 4183: 4179: 4172: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4060: 4056: 4050: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4029:(in German). 4028: 4024: 4017: 4009: 4007:3-540-32541-7 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3944: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3921:"Werkvertrag" 3915: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3863: 3855: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3827:Ferguson 1995 3823: 3821: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3797: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3777: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3744: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3706: 3705:Thompson 1966 3701: 3694: 3693:Thompson 1966 3689: 3682: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3663: 3662:Ellerman 1992 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3614: 3610: 3603: 3595: 3594: 3587: 3579: 3578: 3571: 3563: 3562: 3555: 3547: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3528: 3517: 3516: 3508: 3506: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3473: 3469: 3463: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3423: 3422: 3414: 3400: 3398: 3393: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3352: 3350: 3341: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3318: 3316: 3308: 3297: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3278: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3255:(2): 187–94. 3254: 3250: 3243: 3236: 3234: 3229: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3127:Job guarantee 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2982: 2979: 2971: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2947: 2945: 2938: 2929: 2928: 2922: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2805: 2803: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2774:Globalization 2771: 2769: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2732:agri-business 2729: 2723: 2715: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2685: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2615: 2608: 2604:agricultural 2601: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2574:manufacturing 2571: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2543:United States 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2491: 2482: 2480: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2446: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2400: 2395: 2393: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2319:United States 2314: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2271: 2266: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2180: 2177: 2168: 2166: 2161: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2080:Fair Work Act 2070: 2060: 2057: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1960:patent rights 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1928:socioeconomic 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1871:severance pay 1868: 1858: 1856: 1846: 1843: 1834: 1831: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1804:stock options 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1764: 1756: 1747: 1745: 1744:job interview 1741: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1709: 1699: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1665: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1583:stock options 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1565:or an annual 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1518: 1513: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1495: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1472:Labor history 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1398:New Caledonia 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1346: 1345:Labor parties 1341: 1340: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1296:Overtime bans 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1251:Strike action 1247: 1246: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1146:Paid time off 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1111:Four-day week 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1037:Union busting 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 974: 972: 971: 968: 963: 962: 958: 954: 953: 950: 945: 944: 940: 934: 933: 923: 918: 916: 911: 909: 904: 903: 901: 900: 895: 885: 883: 878: 873: 872: 871: 870: 863: 860: 857: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 839: 836: 831: 830: 821: 820: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 483:de Mandeville 481: 480: 475: 469: 468: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 412: 411:Public choice 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 386:Participation 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 346:Institutional 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 296:Expeditionary 294: 292: 289: 287: 286:Environmental 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 222: 221: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 165: 159: 158: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 122: 119: 117: 116:International 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 98: 95: 92:Branches and 89: 88: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 69: 68: 67: 63: 59: 58: 55: 52: 51: 47: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 9541:Organization 9531:Labor rights 9511:Headquarters 9500: 9430:Toxic leader 9410:Spirituality 9275:Kick the cat 9265:Intervention 9205:Feminisation 9055:Anti-pattern 8865:Wage slavery 8819:Unemployment 8799:Productivity 8794:Labor supply 8778: 8730:Philanthropy 8591:Mercantilist 8568: 8539:Conservative 8374:Deregulation 8335:perspectives 8333:Aspects and 8279:Publications 8235:Publications 8202: 7798:Neoclassical 7788:Mercantilism 7697:Evolutionary 7559:Sociological 7532: / 7430:Geographical 7410:Evolutionary 7385:Digitization 7350:Agricultural 7313:Econometrics 7241:Price theory 7105:Toxic leader 7085:Presenteeism 7065:Labor rights 7055:Going postal 7030:Bullshit job 7013: 6998: 6993: 6784:Unemployment 6636:Downshifting 6619:Wage slavery 6614:Unfree labor 6584:Bonded labor 6554:Dead-end job 6544:Conscription 6323:Right to sit 6178:Annual leave 6160:Working poor 6096:Minimum wage 6074:Maximum wage 6032:Working time 6022:Six-hour day 5924:Career break 5886:Professional 5680:Black-collar 5650:White-collar 5630:Green-collar 5607:Volunteering 5444:Drug testing 5434:Cover letter 5374:Tradesperson 5299: 5251:. Retrieved 5247:the original 5207: 5187: 5164: 5145: 5125: 5121: 5110:. Retrieved 5106:the original 5101: 5097: 5081:. Retrieved 5065: 5041: 5019: 4993: 4968: 4946: 4922:. Retrieved 4916: 4895: 4848: 4844: 4834: 4808: 4803: 4795: 4790: 4782: 4777: 4769: 4764: 4756: 4751: 4730: 4721: 4712: 4693: 4683: 4674: 4669:February 18, 4667:. Retrieved 4653: 4636:10419/114164 4618: 4614: 4608: 4599: 4589: 4570: 4560: 4547: 4538: 4526: 4517: 4487:. Retrieved 4482: 4462:the original 4458:"Bluenomics" 4452: 4442:27 September 4440:. Retrieved 4436:the original 4422: 4414: 4410: 4401: 4389:. Retrieved 4379: 4316: 4305:. Retrieved 4301:the original 4273:. Retrieved 4269: 4260: 4250:, retrieved 4228: 4218: 4185: 4181: 4171: 4160:. Retrieved 4156: 4147: 4136:. Retrieved 4132: 4123: 4112:. Retrieved 4107: 4098: 4087:. Retrieved 4082: 4073: 4062:. Retrieved 4058: 4049: 4030: 4026: 4016: 3989: 3980: 3969:. Retrieved 3965: 3956: 3946:, retrieved 3924: 3914: 3903:. Retrieved 3898: 3889: 3877:. Retrieved 3871: 3862: 3843: 3834: 3810: 3796: 3785: 3782:"wage slave" 3776: 3764:. Retrieved 3757:"wage slave" 3751: 3727: 3700: 3688: 3640: 3612: 3602: 3592: 3586: 3576: 3570: 3560: 3554: 3534: 3527: 3514: 3486: 3475:. Retrieved 3471: 3462: 3451:. Retrieved 3447: 3438: 3427:, retrieved 3420: 3413: 3402:. Retrieved 3395: 3386: 3358: 3324: 3305: 3299:. Retrieved 3284: 3277: 3252: 3248: 3147:Labor rights 3117:Job analysis 3112:Green growth 3084: 3040:Bullshit job 2999: 2989: 2974: 2965: 2941: 2904:human rights 2893: 2877: 2874:Volunteerism 2857: 2832: 2816: 2808:Alternatives 2798: 2772: 2765: 2756: 2740: 2724: 2721: 2712: 2680: 2570:unemployment 2559: 2523:poverty line 2512: 2502:A worker in 2494:Working poor 2488: 2476: 2473: 2465: 2448: 2404: 2396: 2389: 2380: 2366: 2363: 2348: 2296:Agency staff 2275: 2253: 2251: 2244: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2215: 2208: 2202: 2186: 2174: 2163: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132:Werksvertrag 2131: 2129: 2101: 2089: 2082:since 2009. 2077: 2053: 2034: 2018:wage slavery 2012:, using the 2007: 1992:Wage slavery 1986:manual labor 1968: 1944:labor market 1925: 1864: 1855:labor unions 1852: 1840: 1828: 1813:doctrine, a 1808: 1795: 1782:, by yearly 1777: 1774:Remuneration 1761: 1711: 1696: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1668: 1648:compensation 1635: 1631: 1629: 1555:co-operative 1527: 1526: 1331:Work-to-rule 1205:Trade unions 1186:Unfree labor 1176:Six-hour day 1161:Right to sit 1126:Minimum wage 1071:Annual leave 1063:Labor rights 997:New unionism 852:Publications 817: 440:Sociological 413: / 311:Geographical 291:Evolutionary 266:Digitization 231:Agricultural 135:Mathematical 106:Econometrics 9556:Trade union 9546:Remote work 9521:Job sharing 9496:Corporation 9445:Undermining 9365:Psychopathy 9215:Goofing off 9210:Generations 9195:Empowerment 9040:Absenteeism 9024:Aspects of 8984:Syndicalism 8904:Communalism 8769:Corporatism 8745:Rule of law 8692:Consumerism 8682:Advertising 8581:Libertarian 8559:Free-market 8529:Anglo-Saxon 8459:Meritocracy 8409:Externality 8364:Competition 8073:von Neumann 7842:Supply-side 7827:Physiocracy 7771:Marginalism 7460:Information 7400:Engineering 7380:Development 7375:Demographic 7246:Game theory 7223:Theoretical 6994:Historical: 6718:Resignation 6658:Termination 6641:Slow living 6609:Truck wages 6599:Penal labor 6522:Willingness 6414:Infractions 6069:Living wage 6017:Remote work 5685:Gold-collar 5640:Pink-collar 5635:Grey-collar 5625:Blue-collar 5592:Labour hire 5567:Cooperative 5531:Recruitment 5486:Job hunting 5419:Application 5386:Labour hire 5339:Job sharing 5083:January 26, 4851:(1): 1–17. 4483:www.cdc.gov 4110:(in German) 4085:(in German) 3802:De Officiis 3636:"Chapter 2" 3593:Labor Cases 3142:Labor power 3013:partnership 2868:food stamps 2813:Subcultures 2620:employment 2611:industrial 2582:Agriculture 2437:labor force 2308:Contractors 2304:Consultants 2300:Freelancers 2270:call centre 2239:Arbetsbrist 2189:Philippines 2183:Philippines 1875:surety bond 1740:assessments 1671:gig economy 1547:corporation 1428:South Korea 1408:Netherlands 1403:New Zealand 1076:Child labor 1032:Syndicalism 1002:Proletariat 982:Decent work 688:von Neumann 341:Information 281:Engineering 261:Development 256:Demographic 198:Game theory 140:Methodology 9623:Employment 9602:Employment 9501:Employment 9310:Narcissism 9260:Inequality 9255:Incivility 9230:Harassment 9200:Evaluation 9135:Drug tests 9050:Aggression 9026:workplaces 8873:Antithesis 8804:Prosperity 8779:Employment 8726:Mainstream 8717:Liberalism 8641:Regulatory 8616:Neoliberal 8564:Humanistic 8549:Democratic 8509:Wage labor 8504:Regulation 8369:Depression 8325:Capitalism 8230:Economists 8103:Schumacher 8008:Schumpeter 7978:von Wieser 7898:von Thünen 7858:Economists 7757:Circuitism 7722:Humanistic 7717:Historical 7692:Ecological 7682:Democratic 7655:Chartalism 7645:Behavioral 7608:Mainstream 7569:Statistics 7564:Solidarity 7485:Managerial 7450:Humanistic 7445:Historical 7390:Ecological 7355:Behavioral 6928:Wage curve 6735:Retirement 6648:Workaholic 6626:Work ethic 6594:Labor camp 6493:Wage theft 6473:Evaluation 6458:Dress code 6223:Sick leave 6188:Child care 6150:Salary cap 6064:Income tax 6027:Shift work 5964:Time clock 5959:Sick leave 5954:Sabbatical 5919:Break room 5907:Attendance 5876:Profession 5861:Mentorship 5839:Retraining 5764:E-learning 5660:New-collar 5655:Red-collar 5602:Supervisor 5582:Internship 5501:Onboarding 5401:Wage labor 5369:Technician 5364:Journeyman 5334:Gig worker 5300:Employment 5253:2009-08-05 5112:2017-08-27 4621:: 86–101. 4489:2015-06-15 4307:2010-01-23 4275:2021-04-11 4252:2021-04-11 4188:(5): 199. 4162:2021-04-11 4138:2024-05-17 4114:2021-04-11 4089:2021-04-11 4064:2021-04-11 3971:2021-04-11 3948:2021-04-11 3905:2014-02-15 3632:Marx, Karl 3477:2020-03-30 3453:2020-03-30 3404:2022-10-06 3392:"ABC test" 3301:2016-03-30 3213:Work ethic 3162:Onboarding 3035:Automation 2996:tax return 2884:internship 2880:volunteers 2839:university 2613:employment 2606:employment 2597:Number of 2572:, such as 2508:Bangladesh 2323:See also: 2237:(Swedish: 2144:Leiharbeit 2140:Zeitarbeit 2086:Bangladesh 2037:John Dewey 2014:pejorative 2010:socialists 2002:See also: 1899:Wage labor 1893:Wage labor 1809:Under the 1792:commission 1788:gratuities 1730:commission 1722:job boards 1611:Supervisor 1575:gratuities 1535:regulating 1528:Employment 1286:Green bans 1279:newspapers 1171:Sick leave 1166:Sabbatical 847:Economists 718:Schumacher 623:Schumpeter 593:von Wieser 513:von Thünen 474:economists 450:Statistics 445:Solidarity 366:Managerial 331:Humanistic 326:Historical 271:Ecological 236:Behavioral 130:Mainstream 9575:Templates 9360:Profanity 9355:Probation 9295:Menopause 9285:Listening 9225:Happiness 9125:Diversity 9110:Democracy 9100:Coworking 8979:Socialism 8954:Mutualism 8909:Communism 8879:Anarchism 8828:Criticism 8809:Syndicate 8544:Corporate 8499:Recession 8474:Oligopoly 8439:Invention 8148:Greenspan 8113:Samuelson 8093:Galbraith 8063:Tinbergen 8003:von Mises 7998:Heckscher 7958:Edgeworth 7837:Stockholm 7832:Socialist 7732:Keynesian 7712:Happiness 7672:Classical 7633:Mutualism 7628:Anarchist 7613:Heterodox 7510:Personnel 7470:Knowledge 7435:Happiness 7425:Financial 7395:Education 7370:Democracy 7305:Empirical 7215:Economics 7115:Workhouse 7035:Busy work 6849:Recession 6713:Pink slip 6671:Dismissal 6534:Careerism 6478:Labor law 6128:Singapore 6106:Hong Kong 5974:Schedules 5893:Tradesman 5794:Licensure 5754:Education 5724:Avocation 5665:No-collar 5645:Precariat 5526:Probation 5481:Job fraud 5185:(1966) . 4924:16 August 4873:229170512 4865:0003-0554 4210:176538819 4202:1613-7612 3429:March 30, 3378:953710378 3194:(Marxism) 2956:talk page 2908:democracy 2802:workforce 2705:Critical 2618:services 2535:East Asia 2287:Full-time 2074:Australia 1974:countries 1780:piecework 1714:employers 1626:Tradesman 1563:piecework 1477:Labor law 1423:Singapore 1378:Hong Kong 1353:Australia 1106:Equal pay 1027:Communism 1022:Socialism 763:Greenspan 728:Samuelson 708:Galbraith 678:Tinbergen 618:von Mises 613:Heckscher 573:Edgeworth 391:Personnel 351:Knowledge 316:Happiness 306:Financial 276:Education 251:Democracy 145:Political 111:Heterodox 54:Economics 9617:Category 9489:See also 9480:Workwear 9470:Workload 9460:Wellness 9450:Violence 9440:Turnover 9435:Training 9415:Strategy 9405:Sabotage 9380:Rat race 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7847:Thermo 7525:Public 7520:Policy 7475:Labour 7440:Health 6703:Layoff 6253:Crunch 6111:Europe 6101:Canada 6089:Europe 5695:Career 5536:Résumé 5411:Hiring 5319:Casual 5214: 5195: 5171: 5152: 5074: 5048: 5026: 5008:964691 5006: 4979: 4953: 4871: 4863: 4739: 4705: 4676:index. 4643: 4391:21 May 4243: 4208: 4200: 4033:: 45. 4004: 3939: 3850: 3739: 3542: 3376: 3366: 3336: 3292: 3267: 2900:slaves 2819:hippie 2609:Rising 2576:. 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