937:
77:
65:
1024:, a Former Qin general who had been captured from Jin, betrayed Fu Jiān by shouting "The Qin army is defeated!", causing widespread panic among the soldiers. As the Qin soldiers fled in disarray, the Jin army pursued and dealt them a disastrous defeat. Fu Jiān himself was injured in battle and barely escaped to the north.
786:
After Shi Hu's death in 349, Pu Hong played a role in instigating the Later Zhao princes' internecine struggle for the throne. He then took advantage of the confusion to lead his armies west towards
Guanzhong, where he planned to establish an independent state. In accordance to a prophecy, he changed
984:
The
Eastern Jin was the last state in the way of Former Qin's unification of China. Wang Meng died in 375, and before his death, he warned Fu Jiān against going to war with Jin. He instead advised him to focus on consolidating his territory, as many of his conquered people, particularly the
993:, were not fully loyal to his regime. However, Fu Jiān did not listen, and to address Wang Meng's latter concern, he relocated many of the Qiang and Xianbei people to live near the capital while moving the Di to newly-controlled territories, hoping to integrate the various ethnic groups.
897:
people to work on the farmlands. Imperial power was centralized by reorganizing the bureaucracy and cracking down on powerful, corrupt nobles and officials. He also emphasized education and restored many of the traditional
Chinese rituals.
1060:. Fu Jiān was besieged in Chang'an by Western Yan forces and later fled the city due to the food shortages in 385. However, he was then captured by Yao Chang, who had him executed after he refused to formally pass the throne.
849:. Traditional historians describe Fu Sheng as a violent ruler, killing many of his high-ranking officials over trivial matters. During his reign, he forced the Former Liang into submission and killed the
917:
in the south. In 369, taking advantage of Former Yan's vulnerability, Former Qin forces led by Wang Meng launched an invasion, and by the end of 370, all of Yan was conquered. In 371, Qin conquered
1008:. In 383, aiming to unify China and despite opposition from most of his ministers, Fu Jiān invaded Jin with a massive army, with records claiming to be at 1 million strong. The Former Qin captured
802:, quickly quelled the rebellion and succeeded his father. Initially, he renounced his father's imperial titles and redeclared himself as a Jin vassal, but once he captured the ancient capital of
1118:
was acclaimed the new emperor after news of Fu Pi's death. Throughout his reign, Fu Deng fought with the Later Qin, finding much success early on before suffering a significant defeat at the
1142:) and declared himself emperor, but not long after, Western Qin forces seized his remaining territory and killed him in battle, marking the formal end of the Former Qin dynasty.
901:
Fu Jiān's early reign dealt with internal revolts by his dukes and vassal warlords, but by 368, these issues had largely been dealt with. At the time, his main rivals were the
1122:
in 389. From then on, he was unable to launch anymore substantial campaigns. In 394, taking advantage of Yao Chang's death, he carried out one last attack on Later Qin at the
818:
Fu Jiàn further elevated himself to
Emperor of Qin in 352. During his reign, he expanded his state by defeating remnants of the Later Zhao and wresting for control over the
516:
502:
488:
474:
460:
446:
432:
418:
393:
379:
365:
351:
337:
1146:
1170:
1123:
1119:
2333:
1099:, but suffered a devastating defeat to the Western Yan. His brief reign came to an end after he was killed by Jin forces while trying to capture
2372:
661:
encouraged uprisings, splitting Former Qin territory into two noncontiguous pieces after the death of Fu Jiān. One remnant, at present-day
873:
After Fu Jiān ascended the throne, he changed the imperial title back to
Heavenly King. Although a Di, he had a strong background in
1153:
before being killed in battle in 405. The Later Yan welcomed members of the Fu clan to surrender, with two of them, the sisters
775:
tribes in
Guanzhong to live around the capital region in Xiangguo. Pu Hong and his family were moved to Fangtou (枋頭, in modern
1853:
17:
936:
783:), where he supervised the Di tribes as the Colonel Who Protects the Di (護氐校尉) and became a favoured general of Shi Hu.
1901:
1766:
1750:
1067:
dynasty in the Longxi and the
Chouchi state was restored. In 386, Lü Guang, returning from the Western Regions, seized
835:
2035:
1896:
1819:
1788:
1032:
In 384, as Former Qin was recovering from the recent defeat, the
Xianbei general and previous prince of Former Yan,
2081:
1916:
1876:
736:
2382:
1984:
1072:
439:
2311:
2306:
889:
towards agrarian policies by promoting agriculture, building irrigation facilities along with resettling the
1063:
Rebellions continued to break out in other parts of the empire. In 385, the Qifu-Xianbei tribe formed the
2377:
2367:
857:. However, as he planned to have his cousins killed, he was overthrown in a coup in 357 led his cousin,
76:
1891:
933:. Fu Jiān treated his defeated enemies with leniency and allowed them to serve in his administration.
2220:
2205:
2050:
1846:
986:
914:
850:
772:
654:
453:
1126:, where his main forces were destroyed. He was soon captured and executed by Yao Chang's successor,
64:
1083:. Meanwhile, Xie Xuan led Eastern Jin forces to recover lost territory, pushing all the way to the
1004:. Although Xiangyang fell to Qin in 379, the assault on Pengcheng was defeated by the Jin general,
638:(Emperor Xuanzhao), being the only state of the Sixteen Kingdoms to achieve so. Its capital was
2291:
2180:
1956:
1704:
930:
882:
384:
2286:
1811:
1805:
1557:
1532:
1458:
1254:
1234:
1213:
1040:
with the aim of restoring his family's former state. Chui's rebellion encouraged his nephew,
858:
846:
799:
635:
253:
239:
158:
146:
134:
2230:
1966:
1839:
1689:
1021:
768:
714:). He was nonetheless posthumously considered an emperor by the Former Qin imperial court.
634:
collapse in 351, it completed the unification of northern China in 376 during the reign of
623:
8:
2362:
2261:
2256:
1911:
1881:
1684:
1017:
788:
732:
658:
270:
1337:
1149:, a son of Fu Jiān, fled to the Eastern Jin, where he became a confidant of the usurper
925:
from Jin. Qin's unification of northern China was completed in 376, when they conquered
2316:
619:
685:. The other struggled in greatly reduced territories around the border of present-day
1815:
1784:
819:
642:
up to Fu Jiān's death in 385. The prefix "Former" is used to distinguish it from the
1091:, declared himself emperor in 385 and sought to restore Former Qin's authority from
728:
1862:
705:
627:
577:
554:
1694:
1189:
969:
965:
960:
into his court and made him a political advisor. In 382, he sent his Di general,
885:. With the help of Wang Meng, Fu Jiān shifted the state's initial dependence on
1951:
1745:
1068:
839:
1145:
During the fall of Former Qin, the Fu clan became dispersed throughout China.
727:
The Fu clan was originally named Pu (蒲) and they were an influential tribe in
2356:
1699:
1107:
1096:
807:
2185:
2086:
2076:
2040:
1921:
1154:
1084:
1080:
926:
874:
823:
584:
467:
370:
2340:
2296:
2123:
2068:
2030:
1184:
1064:
1048:. Fu Jiān attempted to quell the uprisings, but soon, his Qiang general,
1045:
1041:
1033:
878:
827:
803:
748:
694:
678:
647:
639:
495:
481:
90:
31:
961:
2210:
2159:
2020:
2002:
1994:
1886:
1158:
902:
842:, and during the battle, his crown prince, Fu Chang (苻萇), was killed.
792:
760:
756:
631:
356:
342:
257:
1079:-Xianbei restored their state of Dai, which later became known as the
693:
until its final disintegration in 394 following years of invasions by
2138:
2133:
2058:
2025:
1974:
1162:
1150:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1037:
1001:
997:
957:
944:
Former Qin also began receiving envoys from various states including
854:
752:
710:
698:
674:
643:
425:
411:
868:
2301:
2281:
2240:
2235:
2128:
2118:
1946:
1831:
1655:
1476:
1321:
1200:
1131:
1127:
1009:
1005:
953:
952:. While upholding Confucianism, Fu Jiān also expressed interest in
949:
831:
787:
his family name to Fu (苻) and, after briefly being a vassal to the
767:
seized power in 333, Pu Hong convinced him to resettle the various
682:
194:
110:
795:. However, en route, he was assassinated by one of his generals.
708:", except for Fu Jiān who only claimed the title "Heavenly King" (
2276:
2225:
2215:
2175:
2113:
2012:
1938:
1577:
1400:
1301:
1166:
1139:
1115:
1100:
1092:
990:
922:
918:
910:
894:
890:
845:
Not long after, Fu Jiàn died in 355 and was succeeded by his son
744:
740:
686:
670:
662:
509:
398:
182:
95:
2271:
2266:
1135:
1013:
906:
862:
764:
666:
1044:, to revolt around Chang'an, and their state was known as the
2154:
1727:
1641:
1281:
1111:
1088:
1076:
973:
945:
886:
806:, he declared independence from Jin by claiming the title of
780:
690:
534:
170:
776:
940:
Skirt and jacket found in a tomb from the Former Qin era.
881:
officials, the most prominent being his Prime
Minister,
589:
1106:
At Nan'an
Commandery (南安郡; southeast of present-day
739:, many refugees fled to them, and their chieftain,
653:In 383, the severe defeat of the Former Qin by the
838:against them. Fu Jiàn barely repelled him using a
826:. His most serious challenge was in 354, when the
1114:) in the Guanzhong, a distant cousin of Fu Jiān,
869:Rise of Fu Jiān and unification of northern China
2354:
2334:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms
813:
704:All rulers of Former Qin proclaimed themselves "
1783:. Wuchang, Hubei: 华中师范大学出版社. pp. 107–109.
743:declared independence before submitting to the
1847:
1336:¹ Fu Sheng was posthumously given the title "
559:
47:
763:, which conquered Former Zhao in 329. After
1176:
1854:
1840:
1036:, rebelled in the northeast, founding the
1027:
865:from his uncle and first ruler, Fu Jiàn).
75:
63:
1922:Northern Wei's unification of North China
1340:" even though he had reigned as emperor.
956:. In 379, he welcomed the Buddhist monk,
1803:
1161:, becoming empresses to the last ruler,
935:
1710:
14:
2355:
1722:
1720:
979:
1835:
1810:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
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1471:
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1392:
1390:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1343:
218:• Fu Jiàn's entry into Chang'an
1907:Fu Jian's unification of North China
1861:
1134:, fled to Huangzhong (湟中, in modern
2373:Former countries in Chinese history
1797:
1717:
996:In 378, Former Qin forces besieged
968:while requesting that he bring him
669:was soon overwhelmed in 386 by the
650:dynasties that were founded later.
630:period. Founded in the wake of the
27:4th century state in northern China
24:
1778:
1012:before facing the Jin army led by
755:region. He later submitted to the
25:
2394:
791:, proclaimed himself King of the
622:ruled by the Fu (Pu) clan of the
1887:Shi Le's conquest of North China
514:
500:
486:
472:
458:
444:
430:
416:
391:
377:
363:
349:
335:
1877:Upheaval of the Five Barbarians
1173:, was made a military general.
737:Upheaval of the Five Barbarians
1772:
1756:
1738:
618:(苻秦) in historiography, was a
590:
560:
440:Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)
13:
1:
814:Reign of Fu Jiàn and Fu Sheng
722:
921:, and in 373, they captured
877:education and employed many
7:
1678:
1052:also rebelled north of the
242:'s claim of imperial title
10:
2399:
717:
29:
2325:
2249:
2198:
2168:
2147:
2106:
2099:
2067:
2049:
2011:
1993:
1965:
1937:
1930:
1869:
1807:The Empire of the Steppes
1617:
1615:
1607:
1605:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1493:
1491:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1382:
1380:
836:first northern expedition
601:
583:
576:
571:
567:
553:
549:
544:
530:
314:
310:
300:
290:
280:
267:
250:
236:
226:
216:
212:
204:
200:
188:
176:
164:
152:
140:
128:
124:
116:
106:
86:
74:
62:
57:
48:
41:
2036:Southern Liang (397–414)
1952:Northern Liang (397–460)
1177:Rulers of the Former Qin
964:on an expedition to the
905:to the east, led by the
798:Fu Hong's son and heir,
30:Not to be confused with
2082:Western Liang (400–421)
1804:Grousset, Rene (1970).
1028:Disintegration and fall
840:scorched earth strategy
620:dynastic state of China
302:• Fu Hong's death
282:• Fu Jiān's death
2186:Northern Wei (386–535)
2087:Northern Yan (407–436)
2077:Former Liang (318–376)
2041:Southern Yan (398–410)
1902:Huan Wen's Expeditions
1897:Conquest of Wei by Yan
1326:several months in 394
1242:Shouguang (壽光) 355–357
941:
385:Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)
292:• Disestablished
2383:394 disestablishments
2124:Western Yan (384–394)
2031:Western Qin (385–431)
1985:Later Liang (386–403)
1528:Fu Sheng (苻生) 335–357
1268:Jianyuan (建元) 365–385
1263:Yongxing (永興) 357–359
1222:Huangshi (皇始) 351–355
1020:. During the battle,
939:
454:Jin dynasty (266–420)
18:Empress of Former Qin
2326:Histories of the Era
2021:Former Yan (337–370)
2003:Later Zhao (319–351)
1980:Former Qin (351–394)
1917:Liu Yu's Expeditions
1779:徐俊 (November 2000).
1711:Notes and references
1690:Di (Five Barbarians)
1573:Fu Deng 苻登 (343–394)
1551:Fu Jian 苻坚 (337–385)
1454:Fu Jian (苻健) 317–355
1397:Fu Hong (苻洪) 285–350
1197:Durations of reigns
1081:Northern Wei dynasty
861:(note the different
632:Later Zhao dynasty's
2059:Later Qin (384–417)
2026:Later Yan (384–409)
1975:Cheng-Han (304–347)
1912:Battle of Fei River
1882:Disaster of Yongjia
1685:Battle of Fei River
1309:Taichu (太初) 386–394
1018:Battle of Fei River
980:Battle of Fei River
828:Eastern Jin dynasty
789:Eastern Jin dynasty
749:Former Zhao dynasty
733:Western Jin dynasty
659:Battle of Fei River
271:Battle of Fei River
228:• Established
2378:351 establishments
2368:Dynasties of China
2139:Qiao Shu (405–413)
2134:Huan Chu (403–404)
2129:Zhai Wei (388–392)
1947:Han-Zhao (304–329)
1344:Rulers family tree
1289:Taian (太安) 385–386
1266:Ganlu (甘露) 359–364
1169:, Fu Chong's son,
942:
761:Later Zhao dynasty
729:Lüeyang Commandery
256:'s destruction of
2350:
2349:
2250:Key personalities
2194:
2193:
2176:Chouchi (296–580)
2119:Duan Qi (350–356)
2114:Ran Wei (350–352)
2095:
2094:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1649:
1638:
1637:Fu Pi 苻丕 (d. 386)
1584:
1574:
1565:
1552:
1539:
1529:
1466:
1455:
1398:
1334:
1333:
1124:Battle of Feiqiao
1087:. Fu Jiān's son,
1058:Later Qin dynasty
1038:Later Yan dynasty
605:
604:
597:
596:
578:Standard Mandarin
540:
539:
526:
525:
522:
521:
404:
403:
81:Former Qin 376 CE
69:Former Qin 369 CE
16:(Redirected from
2390:
2104:
2103:
1935:
1934:
1863:Sixteen Kingdoms
1856:
1849:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1776:
1770:
1760:
1754:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1724:
1661:
1646:
1636:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1553:
1550:
1540:
1536:
1527:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1403:
1396:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1181:
1180:
1071:and founded the
628:Sixteen Kingdoms
593:
592:
569:
568:
563:
562:
542:
541:
518:
517:
504:
503:
490:
489:
476:
475:
462:
461:
448:
447:
434:
433:
420:
419:
408:
407:
395:
394:
381:
380:
367:
366:
353:
352:
339:
338:
332:
331:
316:
315:
102:Huangzhong (394)
100:Nan'an (386–394)
79:
67:
52:
51:
50:
39:
38:
21:
2398:
2397:
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2387:
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2346:
2321:
2245:
2190:
2164:
2143:
2091:
2063:
2045:
2007:
1989:
1961:
1931:The 16 Kingdoms
1926:
1865:
1860:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1777:
1773:
1761:
1757:
1743:
1739:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1713:
1695:Five Barbarians
1681:
1675:
1660:
1647:
1639:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1537:
1530:
1526:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1399:
1395:
1346:
1330:
1329:Yanchu (延初) 394
1310:
1290:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1243:
1223:
1190:Posthumous name
1179:
1120:Battle of Dajie
1056:, founding the
1030:
982:
966:Western Regions
871:
816:
725:
720:
610:, known as the
515:
501:
487:
473:
459:
445:
431:
417:
392:
378:
364:
350:
336:
303:
293:
283:
273:
260:
243:
229:
219:
191:
179:
178:• 386–394
167:
166:• 385–386
155:
154:• 357–385
143:
142:• 355–357
131:
130:• 351–355
101:
99:
94:
82:
70:
53:
46:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2396:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
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2304:
2299:
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2289:
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2279:
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2269:
2264:
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2251:
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2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
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2195:
2192:
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2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
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2162:
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2144:
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2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1796:
1789:
1771:
1763:Zizhi Tongjian
1755:
1746:Zizhi Tongjian
1737:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1662:d. 394; r. 394
1652:
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1366:Fu Huaigui 苻怀归
1364:
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1194:Personal name
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1069:Liang province
1029:
1026:
981:
978:
972:, a monk from
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572:Transcriptions
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286:16 October 385
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88:
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72:
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26:
9:
6:
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3:
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2209:
2207:
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2197:
2187:
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2181:Dai (310–376)
2179:
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2167:
2161:
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2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
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2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
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1968:
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1957:Xia (407–431)
1955:
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1821:0-8135-1304-9
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1790:7-5622-2277-0
1786:
1782:
1781:中国古代王朝和政权名号探源
1775:
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1700:Su Hui (poet)
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1109:
1108:Longxi County
1104:
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1098:
1097:Bing province
1094:
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1019:
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1007:
1003:
1000:and attacked
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864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
834:launched his
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:Longxi region
811:
809:
808:Heavenly King
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
735:. During the
734:
730:
715:
713:
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707:
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588:
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582:
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558:
556:
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543:
536:
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531:Today part of
529:
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511:
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499:
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485:
483:
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479:
471:
469:
466:
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429:
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369:
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348:
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329:
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318:
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279:
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139:
136:
133:
127:
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119:
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109:
105:
97:
92:
89:
85:
78:
73:
66:
61:
56:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2339:
2332:
2100:Other states
1979:
1906:
1892:Wei–Zhao War
1806:
1799:
1780:
1774:
1762:
1758:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1674:
1654:
1648:(r. 385–386)
1640:
1583:(r. 386–394)
1576:
1564:(r. 357–385)
1556:
1538:(r. 355–357)
1531:
1465:(r. 352–355)
1457:
1335:
1265:
1144:
1105:
1085:Yellow River
1075:, while the
1062:
1031:
995:
983:
943:
927:Former Liang
900:
872:
844:
824:Former Liang
817:
797:
785:
726:
709:
703:
652:
615:
611:
607:
606:
585:Hanyu Pinyin
468:Northern Wei
371:Former Liang
325:Succeeded by
324:
319:
36:
2341:Book of Jin
2297:Murong Chui
2206:Jin dynasty
2107:Short-lived
1351:Former Qin
1185:Temple name
1130:. His son,
1073:Later Liang
1065:Western Qin
1046:Western Yan
1042:Murong Hong
1034:Murong Chui
915:Eastern Jin
879:Han Chinese
830:commander,
695:Western Qin
679:Western Yan
655:Jin dynasty
648:Western Qin
626:during the
496:Western Yan
482:Western Qin
320:Preceded by
232:4 March 351
190:• 394
32:Qin dynasty
2363:Former Qin
2357:Categories
1159:Fu Xunying
970:Kumārajīva
913:, and the
903:Former Yan
887:mercantile
793:Three Qins
731:under the
723:Background
673:under the
624:Di peoples
612:Former Qin
545:Former Qin
357:Former Yan
343:Later Zhao
258:Former Yan
107:Government
2312:Tuoba Tao
2307:Tuoba Gui
2292:Wang Meng
1705:Wang Meng
1251:Xuanzhao
1231:King Li¹
1210:Jingming
1201:Era names
1163:Murong Xi
1155:Fu Song'e
1151:Huan Xuan
1054:Wei River
1050:Yao Chang
1002:Pengcheng
998:Xiangyang
883:Wang Meng
875:Confucian
855:Yao Xiang
853:warlord,
822:with the
753:Guanzhong
711:Tian Wang
699:Later Qin
675:Later Yan
644:Later Qin
426:Later Qin
412:Later Yan
98:(385–386)
93:(351–385)
2302:Yao Xing
2282:Huan Wen
2262:Liu Cong
2257:Liu Yuan
2241:Goguryeo
2236:Dingling
2199:Involved
1767:vol. 106
1679:See also
1656:Fu Chong
1558:Xuanzhao
1483:Fu Chang
1477:Fu Xiong
1459:Jingming
1322:Fu Chong
1306:386–394
1295:Taizong
1286:385–386
1260:357–385
1239:355–357
1235:Fu Sheng
1219:351–355
1132:Fu Chong
1128:Yao Xing
1103:in 386.
1010:Shouchun
1006:Xie Xuan
962:Lü Guang
954:Buddhism
950:Goguryeo
847:Fu Sheng
832:Huan Wen
810:of Qin.
804:Chang'an
683:Dingling
681:and the
640:Chang'an
195:Fu Chong
147:Fu Sheng
111:Monarchy
91:Chang'an
2287:Fu Jian
2277:Ran Min
2226:Xianbei
2216:Xiongnu
2013:Xianbei
1939:Xiongnu
1870:History
1751:vol. 99
1728:"中央研究院"
1302:Fu Deng
1278:Aiping
1255:Fu Jian
1214:Fu Jian
1171:Fu Xuan
1167:Chouchi
1147:Fu Hóng
1140:Qinghai
1116:Fu Deng
1101:Luoyang
1093:Jinyang
1016:at the
991:Xianbei
923:Sichuan
919:Chouchi
911:Xianbei
895:Xianbei
891:Xiongnu
859:Fu Jiān
800:Fu Jiàn
751:in the
745:Xiongnu
741:Pu Hong
718:History
706:Emperor
687:Shaanxi
671:Xianbei
663:Taiyuan
657:at the
636:Fu Jiān
591:Qiánqín
555:Chinese
510:Chouchi
399:Chouchi
269:•
254:Fu Jiān
252:•
240:Fu Jiàn
238:•
205:History
183:Fu Deng
159:Fu Jiān
135:Fu Jiàn
117:Emperor
96:Jinyang
87:Capital
58:351–394
2317:Liu Yu
2272:Shi Hu
2267:Shi Le
2169:States
2148:Tribes
1818:
1787:
1642:Aiping
1248:Shizu
1207:Gaozu
1136:Xining
1022:Zhu Xu
1014:Xie An
958:Dao'an
907:Murong
863:pinyin
765:Shi Hu
667:Shanxi
616:Fu Qin
208:
120:
2221:Qiang
2155:Yuwen
2051:Qiang
1812:58–59
1732:中央研究院
1659:(苻崇)
1578:Gao 高
1401:Huiwu
1282:Fu Pi
1257:(苻堅)
1216:(苻健)
1165:. In
1112:Gansu
1089:Fu Pi
1077:Tuoba
987:Qiang
974:Kucha
946:Silla
851:Qiang
781:Henan
773:Qiang
759:-led
747:-led
691:Gansu
535:China
171:Fu Pi
2160:Duan
1816:ISBN
1785:ISBN
1533:Li 厲
1338:wang
1298:Gao
1157:and
989:and
948:and
929:and
893:and
777:Hebi
771:and
697:and
689:and
646:and
614:and
2211:Jie
2069:Han
1995:Jie
1645:哀平
1561:宣昭
1462:景明
1095:in
931:Dai
757:Jie
608:Qin
306:405
296:394
276:383
263:370
246:352
222:350
43:Qin
2359::
2231:Di
1967:Di
1814:.
1765:,
1749:,
1730:.
1719:^
1318:–
1315:–
1275:–
1228:–
1138:,
1110:,
976:.
779:,
769:Di
701:.
677:,
665:,
561:前秦
1855:e
1848:t
1841:v
1824:.
1793:.
1769:.
1753:.
1734:.
909:-
49:秦
34:.
20:)
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