73:
1912:
484:
the
Endicott-Johnson Corporation purchased this land and several large tracts around it and built a number of state-of-the-art factories along the railroad line. Anticipating population growth, the company also surveyed and laid out the current street pattern of most of Endicott north of Main Street, so in this sense, Endicott was a "planned community". However, because of an initial lack of housing, from 1900 to 1910 most workers commuted on a horse-drawn streetcar line connecting Johnson City to Endicott along the current route of New York State Route 17C.
89:
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of George F. Johnson in 1948, couldn't cope with a more affluent era in the 1950s and 1960s when footwear became mainly a fashion business in the United States. More importantly, little if any money was invested in improving the original 1900 manufacturing technology, which meant that foreign countries could make the same shoes at a lower price. Loss of market share resulted in the closing and sale of the
Endicott factories.
96:
607:, and new research and manufacturing sites were established throughout the United States and overseas. In 2002, IBM sold the aging Endicott manufacturing site to local investors. IBM now leases several buildings in the complex, and employment is currently estimated at 600–800. These jobs are entirely in research and development, and there is no longer any manufacturing at IBM-Endicott.
552:
sorting machines would enable them to answer questions in a day or two that they were never even able to ask because of the months of clerk time that would have been required. By the 1930s IBM was the leading company in the world in electromechanical data processing and had contracts with a number of government agencies, notably the original
500:
company-provided recreational facilities and medical clinics (unheard of at the time and decades before government took over these responsibilities), this "Square Deal" of the early 20th century is commemorated by stone arches erected by the workers in 1920 across Route 17C (Main Street) at the entrances to
Endicott and Johnson City.
1110:, where it then became Owego Elementary. As a result, Ann G. McGuinness Elementary was turned into a K-5 school, and all Grade 6 students were taken in by Jennie F. Snapp Middle School. As of 2016, Linnaeus W. West Elementary is now a high school overseen by the Union-Endicott Central School District and the XQ Institute.
1057:(NIOSH) began a health study of former IBM Endicott employees to determine if they are more likely to develop certain types of cancer than the general public. NIOSH estimated the cost of the study at $ 3.1 million. The scope of the study was later expanded to include kidney failure among the employees and
1041:
to the air and allegedly caused several cancer cases among the townspeople. IBM Endicott has been identified by the
Department of Environmental Conservation as the major source of pollution, though traces of contaminants from a local dry cleaner and other polluters were also found. Despite the amount
559:
Encouraged by George F. Johnson, who saw
Endicott as the world's first industrial "park" with a "Square Deal" for everyone, IBM began building a factory complex just to the east of the Endicott-Johnson factories. The factory complex centered at North Street and McKinley Avenue expanded rapidly in the
507:
of the 1930s, but since shoes were a necessity, did better than other manufacturing sectors of the economy. Orders for shoes from the military in World War II in the 1940s propelled employment over the peak attained in the early 1920s. Unfortunately, the management of
Endicott-Johnson after the death
953:
As of the census of 2010, there were 13,392 people, 6,058 households, and 2,994 families residing in the village. The population density was 4,198.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,620.9/km). There were 6,719 housing units at an average density of 2,106.3 per square mile (813.2/km). The racial makeup
475:
George F. Johnson was a brilliant businessman and under his direction the
Endicott Shoe Company became very prosperous very quickly. His early adoption of a new machine that could stitch "uppers" to "lowers" was the key to his success, meaning that for the first time in history unskilled labor could
993:
In the village, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over,
463:
The
Endicott Johnson Corporation grew out of the Lester Brothers Boot and Shoe Company which began in Binghamton in 1854. With In 1890, Lester Brothers along with Lucas Kacynski Co moved their business west to a nearby rural area, which in 1892, was incorporated as the village of Lestershire and in
567:
and the subsequent mobilization of the economy and the induction of 12 million young men into the military resulted in a demand for more data processing work from IBM. Every soldier in World War II had an "IBM Card" in his file. Several of the IBM factories in
Endicott were converted to arms
551:
realized that data processing had far greater potential than just workers punching a time clock. A great motivator of salesmen, Watson sent them to a new territory of banks, corporations, and government agencies, where they explained how a database of IBM punched cards and data processing with IBM
483:
The orders pouring in made expansion of the shoe company necessary. The next parcel of inexpensive, level land along the railroad and safely above the flood plain was a forested area around what is now the intersection of North Street and
Washington Avenue in what is now Endicott. What was by then
997:
The median income for a household in the village was $ 32,599, and the median income for a family was $ 46,761. Males had a median income of $ 34,572 versus $ 30,888 for females. The per capita income for the village was $ 20,603. About 16.2% of families and 21.0% of the population were below the
571:
After World War II, IBM concentrated on electronic data processing, a significant departure from its previously very prosperous business of electromechanical data processing. IBM's engineers and workers in Endicott provided reliable and cost-effective computers to government agencies, banks, and
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In an innovative and far-sighted policy, George F. Johnson made sections of the company's land holdings outside the factory district available to workers to build homes on, with financing provided by the company, and title reverting to the worker when the loan was paid off. Along with extensive
989:
There were 6,058 households, out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.1% were married couples living together, 15.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.6% were non-families. 41.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had
1001:
In the early 20th century, Italians flocked to Endicott due to the opportunity for jobs in the Endicott-Johnson shoe factories. The Italians settled on the North Side of the village. Today the North Side of the village is recognized as Little Italy, and still has a large Italian population.
591:
IBM's own expansion in this period was the construction of large research and development centers in the Glendale section of the town of Union (3 miles (5 km) to the west, now occupied by State of New York offices) and in Owego (9 miles (14 km) to the west, now owned by
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in Endicott's soil and aquifer. Trace elements of volatile organic compounds have been identified in Endicott's drinking water, but the levels are within regulatory limits. Also, from 1980, IBM has pumped out 78,000 gallons of chemicals, including trichloroethane,
1064:
Since the plume has been discovered, methods including warming the ground area and pulling tainted ground water have decreased the size and intensity of the plume. The Village of Endicott has been working with the New York State DEC to remedy this concern.
487:
Endicott grew and flourished due to massive numbers of immigrants who came to the area to work for "EJ", predominantly from southern and eastern Europe. "Which way EJ?" was said to be what they asked immigration officials at
1045:
In 2002, scientists discovered a large underground chemical plume, which was releasing toxic gases into homes and offices in a 350-acre (1.4 km) swath south of the plant. The main chemical was the liquid cleaning agent
1023:
IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank. These left behind
579:
The expansion of IBM-Endicott beginning in the 1940s resulted in some residential development north and west of the original Endicott street grid, but its major effect was the transformation of the then semi-rural sites of
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of pollutant, state health officials could not verify whether air or water pollution in Endicott has actually caused any health problems. According to city officials, tests show that the water is safe to drink.
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in New York City, but it is far more likely that they had already memorized the addresses of relatives or friends living in Endicott. The company also maintained recruiting sites in Italy and the
619:
2205:
1020:, used to clean computer parts, down drains. The solvents also leached from leaky pipes into the ground for years before environmental rules required that such "spills" be reported.
431:), incorporated in 1892, and Endicott (whose center was along Washington Avenue and North Street), which was incorporated in 1906. Union was a market town along the
1106:
Prior to the 2011–2012 school year, Linnaeus W. West Elementary was overseen by the Union-Endicott Central School District. Following a flood brought on by
1756:
547:) in 1924. The formation of what soon became IBM consolidated some of the major companies in the industrial time-keeping business, but its new chief executive
480:. People who couldn't afford this bought used shoes, and had cobblers regularly replace the soles and heels as they wore out, until the uppers disintegrated.)
560:
late 1930s and early 1940s. Endicott was the original location of all IBM manufacturing, research, and development from the early 1920s through World War II.
2195:
1054:
72:
588:(to the immediate south) into the large residential areas they are today. IBM employment in the region peaked at approximately 16,000 in the mid-1980s.
455:. As the two villages had grown so much that there was no longer any physical distinction between them, Union village was merged into Endicott in 1921.
629:, was started in Endicott in 1946, using buildings donated by IBM and Endicott-Johnson. The college became Harpur College once it was adopted into the
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1850:
1818:
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1916, became Johnson City. Financial problems in 1890 forced the sale of the company to a creditor and fellow shoemaker, Henry Bradford Endicott of
2064:
641:(BU). BU has seen rapid expansion from 2000 onward and now has a secondary campus in downtown Binghamton. While originally associated with BU, the
576:
transformed the American and world economies, and made IBM one of the world's most successful corporations of the second half of the 20th century.
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The village of Endicott was originally made up of two distinct villages: Union village (now the historic business district at the intersection of
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among their children. The study found lower total deaths and cancer deaths than would have been expected from the general population.
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in the early part of the 20th century. Endicott-Johnson's employment in the region reached a peak of about 20,000 in the early 1920s.
2015:
43:
2097:
733:, the village has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km), of which 0.004 square miles (0.01 km), or 0.13%, is water.
698:
1667:
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someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.91.
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for players and coverage. The tournament ended its 30+ year run on the PGA in July 2006. In July 2007, Endicott hosted the first
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1682:"NIOSH Feasibility Assessment for a Cancer Study Among Former IBM Employees Who Worked at the Endicott, New York Plant"
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The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changed its name to International Business Machines Corporation (
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fabricating plant was built on North Street adjacent to the original factory complex in the mid-1960s.
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532:, Computing Scale Company, and Bundy Time Recording. These companies used a technology invented by
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1147:, Mafia boss who lived in Endicott and a suspect in the 1975 disappearance of Teamsters President
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656:. Originally held annually in September, the tournament attracted golf's biggest names, from
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1437:"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Endicott village, New York"
8:
1980:
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439:. Endicott, on the other hand, was originally a company town constructed for and by the
396:
shoe manufacturing company, who founded the community as the "Home of the Square Deal".
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1990:
1965:
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poverty line, including 34.0% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.
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manufacture shoes. (Prior to this, shoes were made to individual order by skilled
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381:, United States. The population was 13,392 at the 2010 census. It is part of the
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664:. In 2000, the tournament was moved to June, which left it competing with the
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production during World War II, notably the production of sidearms (pistols).
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1297:
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713:
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596:). By the mid-1960s, most IBM workers in the region worked at these sites. A
524:(CTR) was founded in Endicott on June 16, 1911, via the consolidation of the
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Merchants, Midwives, and Laboring Women: Italian Migrants in Urban America
468:, who founded the Endicott Shoe Company and in 1899, made factory foreman
2151:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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There are six properties or districts in Endicott that are listed on the
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Broome County, New York
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his partner. The village of Endicott is named after Henry B. Endicott.
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settled in the 1790s, serving the farming area between Binghamton and
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and is west of the city of Binghamton. The community is served by the
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whereby stiff paper cards with holes in a systematic pattern, called
270:
447:. Growing out of a large tract of farmland, Endicott was known as a
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448:
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1463:"Endicott Johnson Company: George F. Johnson and the Square Deal"
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After the Second World War, IBM corporate headquarters moved to
443:, which grew to become the largest shoe company in the world by
1819:
IBM Archives article on the history of the IBM site in Endicott
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The county-run EnJoie Golf Course in Endicott was home of the
1789:
1030:
296:
275:
1824:
Department of Environmental Conservation summary on Endicott
1050:(TCE), which has been linked to cancer and other illnesses.
645:
now serves as an independent community theatre in Endicott.
353:
1328:
1201:
2206:
New York (state) populated places on the Susquehanna River
1053:
Following an initial feasibility assessment, in 2008, the
77:
Map highlighting Endicott's location within Broome County.
1595:
1439:. U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from
544:
517:
1684:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1016:
For much of its history, IBM dumped tons of industrial
540:, could be "read" by machines via electrical contact.
1654:"Life in the Plume: IBM's Pollution Haunts a Village"
1087:
Linnaeus W. West/ Tiger Ventures School (Grades 8-12)
1055:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
458:
1621:
1353:, IBM executive and Minnesota state representative
1275:, poet and former college professor of English at
1705:"NIOSH publishes results from IBM-Endicott Study"
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1404:
1096:Charles F. Johnson, Jr. Elementary (Grades K–5)
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1844:
1668:"IBM Endicott Site, Health Statistics Review"
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1429:
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1102:Thomas J. Watson, Sr. Elementary (Grades K–5)
633:system, and moved to its present location in
516:Endicott is best known as the "Birthplace of
2196:Italian-American culture in New York (state)
1851:
1837:
1795:Early history of Union and its communities
1709:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1702:
1548:"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990"
1426:
1251:, Major League Baseball player, four-time
1090:Jennie F. Snapp Middle School (Grades 6–8)
986:of any race were 4.44% of the population.
399:The village of Endicott is in the town of
1236:, professional Mixed Martial Arts fighter
1099:George F. Johnson Elementary (Grades K–5)
1093:Ann G. McGuinness Elementary (Grades K–5)
407:/Edwin A. Link Field. It is part of the "
1628:. University of Illinois Press. p.
1377:Aswad, Ed; Meredith, Suzanne M. (2003).
1372:
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1368:
1230:, National Football League defensive end
684:The village is on the north side of the
451:, and as a result acquired the nickname
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690:Southern Tier Expressway (NYS Route 17)
625:The Triple Cities College, a branch of
14:
2183:
1467:Center for Technology & Innovation
1077:which oversees the following schools:
1075:Union-Endicott Central School District
760:
572:large corporations in the 1950s. This
522:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
1832:
1365:
108:Location within the state of New York
2216:Populated places established in 1892
1790:Village of Endicott official website
1703:Sadeghpour, Nura (January 6, 2014).
1294:, author, academic and social critic
978:, and 3.32% from two or more races.
612:National Register of Historic Places
526:International Time Recording Company
2201:Villages in Broome County, New York
236:0.00 sq mi (0.01 km)
228:3.19 sq mi (8.27 km)
220:3.20 sq mi (8.28 km)
24:
1910:
1859:Municipalities and communities of
1588:
1574:"Census of Population and Housing"
1540:
750:
29:Village in New York, United States
25:
2232:
2221:Company towns in New York (state)
1783:
1337:, musician and performance artist
1113:
503:Endicott-Johnson was hurt by the
265:4,278.96/sq mi (1,652.18/km)
1412:"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"
459:The Endicott Johnson Corporation
95:
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87:
71:
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1731:"Tiger Ventures - XQ Institute"
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1012:IBM § Environmental record
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1807:Biography of George F. Johnson
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1269:, Olympic long-distance runner
530:The Tabulating Machine Company
13:
1:
1414:. United States Census Bureau
1358:
411:", along with Binghamton and
388:. The village is named after
386:Metropolitan Statistical Area
2211:Villages in New York (state)
2191:Binghamton metropolitan area
1068:
1005:
679:
618:. For more information, see
584:(to the immediate east) and
441:Endicott Johnson Corporation
394:Endicott Johnson Corporation
199:; 118 years ago
7:
1600:United States Census Bureau
1552:United States Census Bureau
1383:. Charleston, SC: Arcadia.
1285:, National Football League
1242:, National Football League
1123:, TV comedy writer/director
731:United States Census Bureau
637:, where it is now known as
392:, a founding member of the
10:
2237:
1812:September 7, 2005, at the
1620:Vecchio, Diane C. (2006).
1518:"Empire State Development"
1343:, trumpet player with the
1277:St. Thomas Aquinas College
1082:Union-Endicott High School
1073:Endicott is served by the
1026:volatile organic compounds
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954:of the village was 86.64%
670:Dick's Sporting Goods Open
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405:Greater Binghamton Airport
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726:(42.103074, −76.054687).
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1222:National Football League
244:840 ft (256 m)
1862:Broome County, New York
994:there were 91.0 males.
695:Endicott is located at
1915:
1800:July 16, 2012, at the
574:information revolution
511:
2073:Binghamton University
1914:
1757:"Keith James Rothfus"
1596:"U.S. Census website"
1162:, TV soap opera actor
1010:Further information:
947:U.S. Decennial Census
742:Historical population
714:42.10306°N 76.05472°W
639:Binghamton University
288: • Summer (
136:42.10306°N 76.05472°W
2169:United States portal
1761:The Washington Times
1473:on February 26, 2015
1443:on February 12, 2020
643:Cider Mill Playhouse
614:. These include two
262: • Density
57:Endicott Post Office
1767:on January 10, 2013
1656:. January 11, 2009.
1554:. February 12, 2011
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719:42.10306; -76.05472
710: /
627:Syracuse University
310:13760, 13761, 13763
141:42.10306; -76.05472
132: /
1916:
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254: • Total
233: • Water
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36:Endicott, New York
2178:
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1300:, politician and
1240:Isaiah Kacyvenski
1048:trichloroethylene
951:
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729:According to the
686:Susquehanna River
470:George F. Johnson
433:Susquehanna River
390:Henry B. Endicott
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1192:Eastern Orthodox
1181:The Wizard of Id
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1145:Russell Bufalino
972:Pacific Islander
960:African American
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2012:
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1927:
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541:
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429:NYS Route 17C
426:
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409:Triple Cities
406:
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397:
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375:Broome County
372:
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280:Eastern (EST)
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117:Coordinates:
115:
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54:
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45:
40:
33:
27:
19:
2113:Center Lisle
2108:Castle Creek
2035:Johnson City
2029:
1881:
1769:. Retrieved
1765:the original
1760:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1735:XQ Institute
1734:
1725:
1715:February 25,
1713:. Retrieved
1708:
1698:
1686:. Retrieved
1676:
1662:
1648:
1623:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1576:. Census.gov
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:the original
1521:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1477:February 26,
1475:. Retrieved
1471:the original
1466:
1457:
1445:. Retrieved
1441:the original
1416:. Retrieved
1406:
1396:February 26,
1394:. Retrieved
1379:
1345:Glenn Miller
1319:DeAnne Smith
1267:Emily Mackay
1249:Johnny Logan
1218:Arthur Jones
1188:Thomas Hopko
1179:
1173:
1127:James Axtell
1105:
1072:
1063:
1052:
1044:
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988:
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737:Demographics
728:
694:
683:
666:British Open
647:
624:
609:
602:
590:
578:
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565:World War II
562:
558:
542:
515:
502:
498:
490:Ellis Island
486:
482:
474:
462:
452:
425:NYS Route 26
422:
413:Johnson City
398:
366:
365:
194:Incorporated
26:
18:Endicott, NY
2088:Glen Aubrey
1877:County seat
1771:November 8,
1605:January 31,
1522:state.ny.us
1447:February 4,
1335:Gary Wilson
1325:Kylie Strom
1307:Amy Sedaris
1258:Ron Luciano
1208:Jim Johnson
1166:Johnny Hart
1149:Jimmy Hoffa
1139:Dick Biondi
1129:, historian
976:other races
717: /
662:Tiger Woods
445:World War I
356:.endicottny
139: /
2185:Categories
1946:Colesville
1936:Binghamton
1902:Binghamton
1884:Binghamton
1741:October 1,
1359:References
1321:, comedian
1309:, comedian
1287:linebacker
1244:linebacker
1194:theologian
1170:cartoonist
1156:, musician
1121:Eric Appel
556:contract.
505:Depression
383:Binghamton
341:feature ID
249:Population
2147:Footnotes
2123:Hillcrest
1981:Nanticoke
1956:Dickinson
1711:. Atlanta
1558:April 23,
1532:April 17,
1502:April 17,
1351:Ken Zubay
1347:Orchestra
1234:Jon Jones
1204:astronaut
1069:Education
1006:Pollution
705:76°3′17″W
702:42°6′11″N
680:Geography
654:B.C. Open
616:carousels
329:FIPS code
317:Area code
305:ZIP codes
271:Time zone
241:Elevation
127:76°3′17″W
124:42°6′11″N
2128:Killawog
2030:Endicott
2016:Villages
1991:Triangle
1966:Kirkwood
1941:Chenango
1810:Archived
1798:Archived
1341:Ed Zandy
1331:defender
1315:, author
1283:Joe Mott
1253:All-Star
1212:baseball
1018:solvents
980:Hispanic
970:, 0.13%
966:, 1.75%
962:, 0.21%
958:, 6.96%
688:and the
650:PGA Tour
478:cobblers
449:boomtown
379:New York
367:Endicott
333:36-24515
165:New York
102:Endicott
2133:Nineveh
2100:hamlets
2083:Endwell
2055:Windsor
2024:Deposit
2006:Windsor
1986:Sanford
1951:Conklin
1688:May 27,
1580:June 4,
1035:benzene
582:Endwell
528:(ITR),
520:". The
494:Balkans
419:History
371:village
349:Website
344:0949657
202: (
152:Country
44:Village
2138:Tunnel
2001:Vestal
1961:Fenton
1931:Barker
1737:. 2020
1636:
1387:
1214:player
984:Latino
937:13,667
922:13,392
907:13,038
892:13,531
882:−12.7%
877:14,457
867:−11.8%
862:16,556
847:18,775
832:20,050
817:17,702
802:16,231
792:294.5%
747:Census
676:stop.
635:Vestal
586:Vestal
257:13,667
176:Broome
171:County
2098:Other
2040:Lisle
1996:Union
1976:Maine
1971:Lisle
1923:Towns
1031:freon
968:Asian
956:White
912:−3.6%
897:−6.4%
852:−6.4%
837:13.3%
807:70.9%
787:9,500
772:2,408
437:Owego
401:Union
369:is a
299:(EDT)
297:UTC-4
276:UTC-5
188:Union
161:State
2065:CDPs
1894:City
1773:2012
1743:2021
1717:2014
1690:2009
1634:ISBN
1607:2008
1582:2015
1560:2011
1534:2018
1504:2018
1479:2015
1449:2014
1420:2022
1398:2015
1385:ISBN
1329:NWSL
1202:NASA
1037:and
942:2.1%
933:2020
927:2.7%
918:2010
903:2000
888:1990
873:1980
858:1970
843:1960
828:1950
822:9.1%
813:1940
798:1930
783:1920
768:1910
756:Note
751:Pop.
672:, a
631:SUNY
427:and
358:.com
339:GNIS
212:Area
204:1906
197:1906
183:Town
1630:130
982:or
660:to
652:'s
545:IBM
518:IBM
512:IBM
373:in
354:www
322:607
290:DST
2187::
1880::
1865:,
1759:.
1733:.
1707:.
1632:.
1598:.
1550:.
1520:.
1495:.
1465:.
1428:^
1367:^
1327:,
1260:,
1220:,
1210:,
1200:,
1190:,
1178:,
1175:BC
1168:,
1033:,
761:%±
692:.
622:.
415:.
377:,
2026:‡
1852:e
1845:t
1838:v
1775:.
1745:.
1719:.
1692:.
1670:.
1642:.
1609:.
1584:.
1562:.
1536:.
1506:.
1481:.
1451:.
1422:.
1400:.
1279:.
1184:)
1172:(
777:—
292:)
282:)
278:(
206:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
