293:
128:
516:
459:
43:
195:
423:
is similar to a flat engine in that pairs of pistons are co-axial but rather than sharing a crankshaft, instead share a single combustion chamber per pair of pistons. The crankshaft configuration varies amongst opposed-engine designs. One layout has a flat/boxer engine at its center and adds an
492:(sometimes called 'rotary engines') can be classified based on the number of rotors present. Most production Wankel engines have two rotors, however engines with one, three and four rotors have also been produced. Wankel engines can also be classified based on whether they are
441:
A Delta engine has three (or its multiple) cylinders having opposing pistons, aligned in three separate planes or 'banks', so that they appear to be in a Δ when viewed along the axis of the main-shaft. An example of this type of layout is the
142:(also known as "inline engines") have all cylinders aligned in one row along the crankshaft with no offset. When a straight engine is mounted at an angle, it is sometimes called a "slant engine". Types of straight engines include:
80:), each line of cylinders is referred to as a 'cylinder bank'. The angle between cylinder banks is called the 'bank angle'. Engines with multiple banks are shorter than straight engines of the same size, and will often have better
205:(also known as "Vee engines") have the cylinders aligned in two separate planes or 'banks', so that they appear to be in a "V" when viewed along the axis of the crankshaft. Types of V engines include:
404:
consist of two separate straight engines (complete with separate crankshafts) joined by gears or chains. Most U engines have four cylinders (i.e. two straight-two engines combined), such as
358:
W engines have the cylinders in a configuration in which the cylinder banks resemble the letter W, in the same way those of a V engine resemble the letter V. Types of W engines include:
306:(also known as "horizontally-opposed" or "boxer" engines) have the cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft. Types of flat engines include:
772:
1324:
34:
are often categorized by the number of rotors present. Gas turbine engines are often categorized into turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and turboshafts.
431:
is essentially two V engines joined by a common crankshaft. A majority of these were existing V-12 engines converted into an X-24 configuration.
765:
1317:
702:
390:
have a similar configuration, except that the crankshaft is fixed and the cylinders rotate around it. (This is different from the
728:
416:
consist of two separate flat engines joined by gears or chains. H engines have been produced with between 4 and 24 cylinders.
1892:
758:
438:
with the K-Cycle engine is where pairs of pistons are in an opposed configuration sharing a cylinder and combustion chamber.
1981:
1310:
1831:
503:
Most Wankel engines are fueled by petrol, however prototype engines running on diesel and hydrogen have been trialed.
883:
626:
1509:
1748:
1806:
1390:
976:
903:
527:
470:
292:
799:
688:
1333:
493:
24:
1942:
1856:
1821:
1801:
1753:
1661:
642:
1937:
1778:
1487:
1053:
893:
1712:
1534:
1048:
1003:
913:
846:
675:
276:
VR5 and VR6 engines are very compact and light, having a narrow V angle which allows a single
146:
1651:
1492:
1038:
1033:
1013:
938:
898:
888:
841:
836:
420:
296:
178:
157:
100:
1646:
1043:
1023:
1018:
1008:
928:
819:
814:
750:
435:
394:
configuration described below.) Radial and rotary engine designs were widely used in early
168:
163:
151:
424:
additional opposed-piston to each end so there are two pistons per cylinder on each side.
8:
1796:
1694:
1424:
1277:
1101:
1028:
923:
873:
341:
173:
621:. John Wood, illustrator (Phoebus 1977 ed.). London: Hamlyn / Phoebus. p. 70.
549:
engines— mostly used for aircraft— are usually separated into the following categories:
1717:
1514:
1096:
966:
961:
918:
856:
594:
336:
409:
405:
1519:
1459:
1410:
1086:
971:
956:
933:
622:
584:
326:
58:
30:
Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts.
1811:
1768:
1727:
1676:
1641:
1562:
1549:
1076:
1071:
316:
310:
116:
112:
1922:
1633:
1482:
1439:
1091:
1081:
995:
948:
851:
614:
395:
331:
321:
139:
92:
66:
127:
1788:
1758:
1613:
1380:
861:
589:
277:
81:
1246:
1241:
1216:
1211:
1975:
1960:
1851:
1844:
1666:
1598:
1593:
1557:
1474:
1414:
1375:
1365:
1302:
1272:
1262:
1119:
908:
826:
785:
489:
443:
391:
387:
383:
281:
209:
108:
54:
31:
1577:
1572:
1539:
1444:
1434:
1370:
1354:
804:
574:, a gas turbine optimised for producing mechanical torque instead of thrust
497:
568:, gasses travel through an unducted propeller, usually with variable pitch
1955:
1839:
1656:
1608:
1567:
1524:
1454:
1063:
868:
809:
546:
303:
132:
77:
47:
515:
458:
1927:
1887:
1866:
1861:
1763:
1671:
1603:
1529:
1469:
1400:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1151:
1139:
878:
831:
571:
372:
367:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
240:
230:
69:(or 'inline engine') when the cylinders are arranged in a single line.
62:
1882:
1623:
1618:
1405:
1385:
1221:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1129:
1124:
565:
362:
245:
235:
225:
220:
215:
104:
85:
1905:
1901:
1773:
1504:
1429:
1395:
1287:
1282:
1267:
1203:
1111:
559:
553:
428:
413:
401:
353:
202:
99:
layout. However, there are various exceptions to this, such as the
96:
73:
42:
72:
Where the cylinders are arranged in two or more lines (such as in
1932:
1816:
1743:
1722:
1499:
1449:
703:"Technically Interesting: Dr. Wankel's Quad-Rotor Mercedes SL"
780:
386:
have cylinders mounted radially around a central crankcase.
194:
95:
layout, and most engines with eight cylinders or more use a
1897:
1344:
23:
describes the fundamental operating principles by which
670:. Vol. 6, no. 5. February 2010. p. 39.
16:
Categorization system of internal combustion engines
1973:
91:Most engines with four or less cylinders use a
1332:
88:and potentially higher maximum engine speeds.
1318:
766:
84:characteristics, resulting in reduced engine
103:used by various luxury cars from 1919-1954,
556:, gasses travel through a propelling nozzle
1325:
1311:
773:
759:
449:
184:
643:"Engine of the Day: Packard Inline Eight"
613:
50:aircraft engine with three cylinder banks
1391:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
291:
193:
126:
41:
619:The story of Veteran & Vintage Cars
122:
1974:
729:"How a Four-Rotor Wankel Engine Works"
506:
1306:
754:
107:used by some marine outboard motors,
607:
562:, gasses travel through a ducted fan
510:
453:
13:
14:
1993:
37:
514:
457:
378:
115:engines used by motorcycles and
1493:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
287:
160:, also known as "inline-triple"
154:, also known as "parallel twin"
721:
695:
660:
635:
57:are usually designed with the
1:
600:
313:, commonly called "flat-twin"
347:
189:
135:straight-4 motorcycle engine
7:
578:
299:flat-twin motorcycle engine
25:internal combustion engines
10:
1998:
1982:Internal combustion engine
1334:Internal combustion engine
617:(1977) . "War and Peace".
351:
212:, commonly called "V-twin"
1951:
1915:
1875:
1830:
1802:Diesel particulate filter
1787:
1754:Idle air control actuator
1736:
1703:
1695:Engine control unit (ECU)
1685:
1632:
1586:
1548:
1468:
1353:
1340:
1255:
1202:
1110:
1062:
994:
985:
947:
792:
61:in lines parallel to the
1867:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1779:Throttle position sensor
1488:Overhead camshaft layout
412:. Similar to U engines,
1406:Core plug (freeze plug)
450:Wankel (rotary) engines
185:Multiple cylinder banks
914:Single-acting cylinder
847:Double-acting cylinder
300:
199:
136:
119:used by various cars.
101:straight-eight engines
51:
782:Engine configurations
707:www.bringatrailer.com
421:opposed-piston engine
295:
197:
130:
45:
1647:Compression ignition
884:Oscillating cylinder
733:www.roadandtrack.com
668:Hemmings Classic Car
123:Single cylinder bank
21:engine configuration
1797:Catalytic converter
977:Two-and four-stroke
879:Intake over exhaust
507:Gas turbine engines
494:naturally aspirated
410:tandem twin engines
406:square four engines
1923:Knocking / pinging
1515:Combustion chamber
735:. 23 November 2016
595:Car classification
526:. You can help by
469:. You can help by
301:
200:
137:
52:
27:are categorized.
1969:
1968:
1938:Stratified charge
1705:Electrical system
1687:Engine management
1520:Compression ratio
1460:Starter ring gear
1359:rotating assembly
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
996:Inline / straight
894:Overhead camshaft
683:Missing or empty
585:Powertrain layout
544:
543:
487:
486:
436:Swashplate engine
117:flat-four engines
65:. It is called a
1989:
1812:Exhaust manifold
1677:Spark plug wires
1563:Boost controller
1550:Forced induction
1327:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1303:
992:
991:
987:Cylinder layouts
775:
768:
761:
752:
751:
745:
744:
742:
740:
725:
719:
718:
716:
714:
699:
693:
692:
686:
681:
679:
671:
664:
658:
657:
655:
653:
647:www.jalopnik.com
639:
633:
632:
615:Posthumus, Cyril
611:
539:
536:
518:
511:
482:
479:
461:
454:
396:aircraft engines
140:Straight engines
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1947:
1943:Top dead centre
1911:
1871:
1826:
1783:
1732:
1706:
1699:
1688:
1681:
1628:
1582:
1544:
1500:Tappet / lifter
1483:Flathead layout
1473:
1464:
1358:
1349:
1336:
1331:
1301:
1292:
1251:
1198:
1106:
1058:
981:
943:
788:
779:
749:
748:
738:
736:
727:
726:
722:
712:
710:
709:. 21 March 2018
701:
700:
696:
684:
682:
673:
672:
666:
665:
661:
651:
649:
641:
640:
636:
629:
612:
608:
603:
581:
540:
534:
531:
524:needs expansion
509:
483:
477:
474:
467:needs expansion
452:
381:
356:
350:
290:
192:
187:
147:Single cylinder
125:
93:straight engine
67:straight engine
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1995:
1985:
1984:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1832:Cooling system
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1789:Exhaust system
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1759:Inlet manifold
1756:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1614:Fuel injection
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1381:Connecting rod
1378:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1000:
998:
989:
983:
982:
980:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
953:
951:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
899:Overhead valve
896:
891:
889:Opposed-piston
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
865:
864:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
823:
822:
817:
807:
802:
796:
794:
790:
789:
786:piston engines
778:
777:
770:
763:
755:
747:
746:
720:
694:
659:
634:
627:
605:
604:
602:
599:
598:
597:
592:
590:Car body style
587:
580:
577:
576:
575:
569:
563:
557:
542:
541:
521:
519:
508:
505:
490:Wankel engines
485:
484:
464:
462:
451:
448:
388:Rotary engines
384:Radial engines
380:
377:
376:
375:
370:
365:
352:Main article:
349:
346:
345:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
289:
286:
278:cylinder block
274:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
155:
149:
124:
121:
82:engine balance
55:Piston engines
48:Napier Lion II
39:
38:Piston engines
36:
32:Wankel engines
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1994:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:Water cooling
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1822:Oxygen sensor
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:Intake system
1735:
1729:
1728:Starter motor
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:Ignition coil
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:Petrol engine
1597:
1595:
1594:Diesel engine
1592:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Blowoff valve
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1475:Cylinder head
1471:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Balance shaft
1364:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
990:
988:
984:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
950:
949:Stroke cycles
946:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
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392:Wankel engine
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1852:Electric fan
1652:Coil-on-plug
1578:Turbocharger
1573:Supercharger
1445:Main bearing
1435:Firing order
1425:Displacement
1418:
1371:Block heater
1355:Engine block
1343:Part of the
1342:
1278:Split-single
1064:Flat / boxer
986:
924:Swing-piston
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737:. Retrieved
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304:Flat engines
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288:Flat engines
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78:flat engines
71:
53:
29:
20:
18:
1876:Lubrication
1840:Air cooling
1657:Distributor
1609:Fuel filter
1587:Fuel system
1568:Intercooler
1535:Timing belt
1525:Head gasket
1455:Piston ring
967:Five-stroke
962:Four-stroke
919:Split cycle
857:Free-piston
800:Atmospheric
652:15 November
547:Gas turbine
535:August 2019
478:August 2019
133:Indian Four
1928:Power band
1888:Oil filter
1862:Thermostat
1807:EGT sensor
1769:MAF sensor
1764:MAP sensor
1749:Air filter
1713:Alternator
1672:Spark plug
1604:Carburetor
1530:Rocker arm
1470:Valvetrain
1401:Crankshaft
1345:Automobile
972:Six-stroke
957:Two-stroke
874:Heron head
832:Cam engine
601:References
572:Turboshaft
179:Straight-8
174:Straight-6
169:Straight-5
164:Straight-4
158:Straight-3
152:Straight-2
131:1928-1942
105:V4 engines
63:crankshaft
1662:Glow plug
1624:Fuel tank
1619:Fuel pump
1386:Crankcase
739:31 August
713:31 August
566:Turboprop
414:H engines
402:U engines
348:W engines
203:V engines
198:V6 engine
190:V engines
113:flat-twin
86:vibration
74:V engines
59:cylinders
1976:Category
1961:Category
1906:Dry sump
1902:Wet sump
1893:Oil pump
1857:Radiator
1774:Throttle
1634:Ignition
1505:Camshaft
1430:Flywheel
1411:Cylinder
1396:Crankpin
904:Pentroof
852:Flathead
842:Compound
820:Rotative
579:See also
560:Turbofan
554:Turbojet
429:X engine
354:W engine
97:V engine
1933:Redline
1817:Muffler
1718:Battery
1642:Magneto
1112:V / Vee
929:Uniflow
862:Stelzer
837:Camless
815:Cornish
342:Flat-16
337:Flat-12
332:Flat-10
297:Douglas
1956:Portal
1744:Airbox
1723:Dynamo
1450:Piston
1440:Stroke
1419:layout
1347:series
1273:Radial
1263:Deltic
909:Rotary
827:Bourke
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327:Flat-8
322:Flat-6
317:Flat-4
311:Flat-2
109:V-twin
1916:Other
1540:Valve
1510:Chest
1256:Other
939:Wedge
805:Axial
46:1919
1898:Sump
1415:bank
1376:Bore
934:Watt
869:Hemi
810:Beam
793:Type
784:for
741:2019
715:2019
689:help
654:2019
623:ISBN
434:The
408:and
280:and
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1883:Oil
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1194:V24
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1169:V12
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368:W12
271:V18
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261:V14
256:V12
251:V10
241:VR6
231:VR5
76:or
1978::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
