839:
151:
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831:, one of the most successful racing cars of all time, which eventually won over 1000 races. Like the Duesenbergs, Bugatti got his ideas from building aircraft engines during World War I, and like them, his engine was a high-revving overhead camshaft unit with three valves per cylinder. It produced 100 bhp (75 kW) at 5,000 rpm and could be revved to over 6,000 rpm. Nearly 400 of the Type 35 and its derivatives were produced, an all-time record for
940:. The 300SLR was the final development of the Alfa Romeo design of the early 1930s as not only the camshaft, but now also the gearbox was driven from the engine's centre. Engineers calculated that torsional stresses would be too high if they took power from the end of the long crankshaft, so they put a central gear train in the middle (which also ran the dual camshafts, dual magnetos, and other accessories) and ran a drive shaft to the clutch housing at the rear.
472:
43:
328:
140:
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238:-cylinder engine can also be timed for inherent primary and secondary balance, a straight-eight develops more power strokes per revolution and, as a result, will run more smoothly under load than an inline six. Also, due to the even number of power strokes per revolution, a straight-eight does not produce unpleasant odd-order harmonic vibration in the vehicle's
696:
with its shorter engine compartment quickly led to the demise of the straight-8 engine. As a result of this, and of gasoline prices several times as expensive as in the U.S., four- and six-cylinder engines powered the majority of cars in Europe, and the few eight-cylinder cars produced were in the V8 configuration.
298:
efficiency of the long, narrow configuration, and the inherent balance of the engine making counterweights on the crankshaft unnecessary. The disadvantages of crank and camshaft twisting were not considered at this time, since aircraft engines of the time ran at low speeds to keep propeller tip speed
695:
In Europe, many automobile factories had been destroyed during World War II, and it took many years before war-devastated economies recovered enough to make large cars popular again. The change in the design of cars from a long engine compartment between separate fenders to the modern configuration
723:
amphibious logistics carrier has the driver's compartment over the front wheels, the larger B81 engine in the rear and a large load compartment over the middle and rear. The
Salamander firefighting vehicle was unarmoured, and resembled the Stalwart with a conventional fire engine superstructure.
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Despite the shortcomings of length, weight, bearing friction, and torsional vibrations that led to the straight-eight's post-war demise, the straight-eight was the performance engine design of choice from the late 1920s to the late 1940s, and continued to excel in motorsport until the mid-1950s.
245:
The smooth running characteristics of the straight-eight made it popular in luxury and racing cars of the past. However, the engine's length demanded the use of a long engine compartment, making the basic design unacceptable in modern vehicles. Also, due to the length of the engine, torsional
877:
fame the camshaft drive had been moved to the engine centre, between cylinders four and five, thus reducing the aforementioned limitations. The straight-eight was actually built as a symmetrical pair of straight-four engines joined in the middle at common gear trains for the camshafts and
540:. Chevrolet, as an entry-level marque, did not have a straight-eight. Cadillac, the luxury brand of General Motors, stayed with their traditional V8 engines. In order to have engines as smooth as the straight-eights of its competitors, Cadillac introduced the
607:, changes in the automobile market resulted in the decline and final extinction of the straight-eight as an automobile engine. The primary users of the straight-eight were American luxury and premium cars that were carried over from before the war. A
622:
gasoline. Engines could be designed with higher compression ratios to take advantage of high-octane gasoline. This led to more highly stressed engines which amplified the limitations of the long crankshaft and camshaft in the straight-eight engines.
901:
engines could produce 425 bhp (317 kW) at 9,300 rpm, and could rev as high as 10,500 rpm. However, the engines were at the end of their potential, and rule changes for the 1952 season made the
Alfettas obsolete.
594:
Mk I inline eight-cylinder diesel engines. These engines were intended to give an output of 700 bhp (520 kW) at 1,000 rpm but in practice had a continuous output rating of only 585 bhp (436 kW) at 900 rpm.
640:
Oldsmobile replaced their straight-eight flathead engine with an overhead valve V8 engine in 1949, at which time
Cadillac's V8 was changed to one with overhead valves. Chrysler replaced its straight-eight with its famous
464:, which had been designed by the Duesenberg brothers for the Cord-owned Duesenberg Inc. The automobile manufacturers within the Cord Corporation, comprising Auburn, Cord, and Duesenberg, were shut down in 1937.
412:. One marketing feature of these engines was their impressive length — some of the Duesenberg engines were over 4 ft (1.2 m) long, resulting in the long hoods (bonnets) found on these automobiles.
681:" stroke = 320.2 in³ (5.247 L)) straight-8, the latter being produced until the end of the 1953 model year. Pontiac maintained production on their straight-eight, as well as a
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was originally designed in 1937 and won 47 of 54 Grands Prix entered between 1938 and 1951 (with a six-year gap in the middle caused by the war). By 1951, their 1.5 L
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821:, and was capable of revving to an astonishing (at the time) 5,000 rpm. No Grand Prix engine before the war had peaked at more than 3,000 rpm.
250:
can adversely affect reliability and performance at high speeds. In particular, a phenomenon referred to as "crankshaft whip," caused by the effects of
728:
715:
armoured car was a 6x6 design with the engine compartment in the rear, a 76.2mm low pressure gun turret in the centre and the driver in front. The
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brothers introduced the first successful straight-eight racing engine in 1920, when their 3 L engine placed third, fourth, and sixth at the
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By the end of the 1970s overhead valve V8s powered 80% of automobiles built in the US, and most of the rest had six-cylinder engines.
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armoured personnel carrier had the engine in front with the driver in the centre and space for up to nine troops in the rear. The
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797:, while two others placed fourth and sixth in the race. Based on work the company had done on 16-cylinder aircraft engines during
79:
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introduced straight-eight engines for the premium vehicles in their respective lines. They were followed in the early 1930s by
60:
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built successful racing cars with high-performance dual overhead camshaft straight-eight engines in the 1920s and 1930s.
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walls, leading to the engine's destruction. As a result, the design has been displaced almost completely by the shorter
93:
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V-8 for 1951. Hudson retired its straight-eight at the end of the 1952 model year. Buick introduced a (4.0" bore × 3
126:
362:
75:
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were the first to react to the engineering problems of the straight-eight: in their racing car engines for the
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ended production of their signature straight-eight at the end of 1954, replacing it with an overhead valve V8.
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64:
16:
This article is about the eight-cylinder engine. For the 8 mm motion picture film format (STRAIGHT EIGHT), see
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The Rolls-Royce B80 series of engines were also used in other military and civilian applications, such as the
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1415:
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529:
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built straight-eight engines for sale to automobile manufacturers, including
Gardner, Auburn, Kissel, and
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Straight-eight engines were used in expensive luxury and performance vehicles until after World War II.
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444:(1925) began using straight-eight engines in cars targeted at the middle class. Engine manufacturer
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100:
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used flathead straight-eights in its premium
Chrysler cars, including the Imperial luxury model.
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would create the last notable straight-eight racing cars in 1955, with the championship-winning
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experimented with straight-eight engines from 1922, and in 1924, he introduced the 2 L
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automobiles by 1914, no straight-eight engines were used in production cars before 1920.
213:
1015:. John Wood, illustrator (Phoebus 1977 ed.). London: Hamlyn / Phoebus. p. 70.
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luxury cars used V8 from the 1930s to the 1980s and V12 engines in the 1930s and 1940s.
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straight-eight engines. Other notable straight-eight-powered automobiles were built by
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inline six, through the end of the 1954 model year, after which a V8 became standard.
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657:" stroke = 322 in³ (5.277 L)) V8 in 1953, with similar displacement as their (3
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L-29 automobile, and had
Lycoming build the straight-eight engine for the Duesenberg
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series of straight-eight engines in the Alvis FV 600 armoured vehicle family. The
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294:. Advantages of the straight-eight engine for aircraft applications included the
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superchargers. It had two overhead camshafts, but only two valves per cylinder.
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216:, present to some degree in all engines, is sufficient to require the use of a
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During World War II, improvements in the refinery technology used to produce
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452:. Hupmobile built their own engine. Lycoming was purchased by Auburn owner
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Wise, David
Burgess. "Cord: The Apex of a Triangle", in Northey, Tom, ed.
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In the United States in the 1920s, automobile manufacturers, including
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racing in 1950, and to win the second season against competition from
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never adopted the straight-eight; their entry-level Ford cars used
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brothers introduced their first production straight-eight in 1921.
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introduced the first production automobile straight-eight in their
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Unlike the V8 engine configuration, examples of which were used in
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1167:"Jalopnik Engine of the Day, Apr 17, 2008: Packard Inline Eight"
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282:(CGV) in 1903, but never built. Great strides were made during
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23:"Straight eight" redirects here. For the filmmaking event, see
220:
at the accessory end of the crankshaft. Without such damping,
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resulted in the availability of large amounts of inexpensive
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1155:
Hemmings
Classic Car Volume 6 issue 5, February 2010 page 39
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755:
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970:
A Detailed
History of the Straight-Eight Automobile Engine
468:
continues to this day as an aircraft engine manufacturer.
456:, who used a Lycoming straight-eight in his front-drive
154:
Straight-eight engine with firing order 1-4-7-3-8-5-2-6
1127:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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881:The Alfa Romeo straight-eight would return after
1816:
793:. The following year one of their cars won the
317:
1164:
1065:Driving Force: The Evolution of the Car Engine
1029:
742:
611:inter-city bus used the Buick straight-eight.
290:made straight-eight aircraft engines like the
1278:
916:sports racing car. The 300SLR was famous for
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
846:2,336 cc (142.6 cu in) DOHC
273:
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1271:
1091:(London: Orbis, 1974), Vol. 4, pp.435-436.
278:The first straight-eight was conceived by
1195:
1180:
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1007:
258:, can cause physical contact between the
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
34:Inline piston engine with eight cylinders
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992:
837:
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731:military truck, the winch engine in the
625:
470:
416:Premium automobiles in the United States
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149:
138:
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1013:The story of Veteran & Vintage Cars
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1817:
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231:may occur, leading to engine failure.
207:inherent primary and secondary balance
1266:
1228:. John William Davies. Archived from
967:
322:
178:mounted in a straight line along the
1081:
1001:
566:engines until the 1950s while their
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
254:on the crank throws at high engine
13:
995:Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930
485:In the late 1920s, volume sellers
205:A straight-eight can be timed for
14:
1846:
246:vibration in both crankshaft and
893:'s V12-powered car in 1951. The
885:to dominate the first season of
182:. The type has been produced in
41:
27:. For the 1920s luxury car, see
1158:
1149:
912:Formula One racing car and the
699:
52:needs additional citations for
1249:"Histomobile: Leyland - 1920s"
1243:
1134:"Boulton and Paul - the R101."
1094:
1046:
961:
869:2300/2600/2900 sports cars of
440:(1925), Locomobile (1925) and
380:and Duesenbergs commonly used
363:International Motor Exhibition
1:
1165:Murilee Martin (2008-04-17).
955:
497:(with a dual-ignition unit),
1825:Piston engine configurations
1047:Histomobile: Leyland - 1920s
635:Oldsmobile straight-8 engine
349:at the Paris Salon in 1919
318:Inter-war period (1919–1941)
146:straight-eight racing engine
7:
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997:. London: Grange-Universal.
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743:Performance and racing cars
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10:
1851:
1226:"Welsh Motor Sport - Cars"
1146:Retrieved: 27 August 2010.
1107:. Motorbooks. p. 73.
1011:(1977) . "War and Peace".
968:Moore, Stephen J. (2020).
895:Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta
704:The British Army selected
556:to the top of its lineup.
299:below the speed of sound.
280:Charron, Girardot et Voigt
172:internal combustion engine
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972:. Self-published on USB.
1196:Ludvigsen, Karl (2001).
1101:Cheetham, Craig (2004).
1036:Welsh Motor Sport - Cars
993:Georgano, G. N. (1985).
938:1955 24 Hours of Le Mans
807:three-valve-per-cylinder
274:Early period (1903–1918)
924:'s victory in the 1955
833:Grand Prix motor racing
357:straight-eight powered
170:) is an eight-cylinder
76:"Straight-eight engine"
1830:Straight-eight engines
1426:Single-acting cylinder
1359:Double-acting cylinder
1224:Davies, John William.
1198:Classic Racing Engines
1063:Daniels, Jeff (2002).
851:
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758:straight-8 in a 1930s
637:
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332:Dual overhead camshaft
242:at low engine speeds.
166:(often abbreviated as
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1294:Engine configurations
1200:. Haynes Publishing.
1144:norfolkancestors.org.
1067:. Haynes Publishing.
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770:Bugatti, Duesenberg,
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590:was fitted with five
536:straight-eights were
530:Oldsmobile straight-8
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160:straight-eight engine
153:
142:
1396:Oscillating cylinder
1251:. Stéphane van Damme
1089:World of Automobiles
928:, but notorious for
809:engine produced 115
522:Buick straight-eight
61:improve this article
18:Filmo § History
1489:Two-and four-stroke
1391:Intake over exhaust
1245:van Damme, Stéphane
544:crankshaft for its
382:double overhead cam
214:torsional vibration
164:inline-eight engine
1139:2009-11-09 at the
950:List of GM engines
852:
848:Roots supercharged
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534:Pontiac straight-8
528:design, while the
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454:Errett Lobban Cord
361:luxury car at the
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335:Duesenberg Model J
323:Luxury automobiles
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1508:Inline / straight
1406:Overhead camshaft
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803:overhead camshaft
795:French Grand Prix
735:ARV, and various
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930:Pierre Levegh
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918:Stirling Moss
915:
911:
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906:Mercedes-Benz
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868:
867:Alfa Romeo 8C
865:and in their
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390:Mercedes-Benz
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369:in 1920. The
368:
364:
360:
359:Leyland Eight
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308:Scripps-Booth
305:
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78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
30:
29:Leyland Eight
26:
19:
1790:Split-single
1576:Flat / boxer
1550:
1436:Swing-piston
1253:. Retrieved
1234:. Retrieved
1230:the original
1197:
1171:. Retrieved
1160:
1151:
1143:
1129:
1118:. Retrieved
1104:Vintage Cars
1103:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1064:
1042:
1031:
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994:
988:
969:
963:
926:Mille Miglia
904:
899:supercharged
883:World War II
880:
871:Mille Miglia
853:
823:
784:
768:
726:
703:
700:Military use
694:
691:
639:
613:
605:World War II
602:
582:The British
581:
558:
548:, and added
519:
484:
419:
375:
340:
301:
277:
244:
234:Although an
233:
226:main bearing
204:
200:overhead-cam
196:sleeve-valve
167:
163:
159:
157:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1479:Five-stroke
1474:Four-stroke
1431:Split cycle
1369:Free-piston
1312:Atmospheric
887:Formula One
799:World War I
706:Rolls-Royce
669:" bore × 4
620:high octane
564:flathead V8
554:V16 engines
296:aerodynamic
284:World War I
1819:Categories
1484:Six-stroke
1469:Two-stroke
1386:Heron head
1344:Cam engine
1255:2009-01-20
1236:2009-01-20
1173:2011-09-07
1120:2010-11-23
956:References
855:Alfa Romeo
850:straight-8
844:Alfa Romeo
787:Duesenberg
772:Alfa Romeo
763:Grand Prix
542:crossplane
507:Oldsmobile
501:, and the
491:Studebaker
479:Straight 8
450:Locomobile
398:Alfa Romeo
371:Duesenberg
236:inline six
211:crankshaft
184:side-valve
87:newspapers
25:Straight 8
813:(86
733:Centurion
422:Hupmobile
268:V8 engine
264:crankcase
240:driveline
180:crankcase
176:cylinders
117:July 2009
1416:Pentroof
1364:Flathead
1354:Compound
1332:Rotative
1218:Websites
1137:Archived
944:See also
721:Stalwart
599:Post-war
578:Airships
572:Chrysler
466:Lycoming
446:Lycoming
436:(1925),
432:(1927),
428:(1926),
426:Chandler
424:(1925),
378:Bugattis
341:Italy's
312:Cadillac
288:Mercedes
248:camshaft
1624:V / Vee
1441:Uniflow
1374:Stelzer
1349:Camless
1327:Cornish
936:at the
891:Ferrari
875:Le Mans
825:Bugatti
760:Type 59
753:Bugatti
717:Saracen
687:Packard
675:⁄
663:⁄
651:⁄
609:Flxible
588:airship
568:Lincoln
524:was an
511:Pontiac
462:Model J
434:Gardner
410:Packard
386:Daimler
229:journal
101:scholar
1785:Radial
1775:Deltic
1421:Rotary
1339:Bourke
1204:
1111:
1071:
1019:
976:
914:300SLR
801:, the
780:Miller
778:, and
737:Dennis
683:L-head
630:1940s
603:After
586:rigid
509:, and
487:Hudson
442:Auburn
438:Kissel
430:Marmon
347:Tipo 8
337:engine
310:, and
198:, and
144:Delage
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1768:Other
1451:Wedge
1317:Axial
842:1932
765:racer
751:1933
503:Buick
402:Stutz
286:, as
108:JSTOR
94:books
1446:Watt
1381:Hemi
1322:Beam
1305:Type
1296:for
1202:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1017:ISBN
974:ISBN
920:and
910:W196
873:and
861:and
785:The
756:DOHC
643:Hemi
584:R101
560:Ford
552:and
532:and
520:The
495:Nash
489:and
458:Cord
408:and
262:and
158:The
80:news
1759:W30
1754:W24
1749:W18
1744:W16
1739:W12
1706:V24
1701:V20
1696:V18
1691:V16
1686:V14
1681:V12
1676:V10
1664:VR6
1652:VR5
1614:F16
1609:F12
1604:F10
1566:I14
1561:I12
932:'s
819:rpm
709:B80
632:OHV
550:V12
499:REO
476:REO
365:at
355:OHC
256:rpm
188:IOE
162:or
63:by
1821::
1734:W8
1729:W6
1724:W3
1671:V8
1659:V6
1647:V5
1642:V4
1637:V3
1632:V2
1599:F8
1594:F6
1589:F4
1584:F2
1556:I9
1551:I8
1546:I7
1541:I6
1536:I5
1531:I4
1526:I3
1521:I2
1516:I1
1247:.
1182:^
1053:^
863:P3
859:P2
835:.
815:kW
805:,
774:,
677:16
665:16
653:64
649:13
546:V8
517:.
505:,
404:,
400:,
396:,
392:,
388:,
306:,
194:,
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168:I8
1800:X
1795:U
1780:H
1716:W
1286:e
1279:t
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982:.
673:5
661:7
130:)
124:(
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115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
31:.
20:.
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