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While there were previous identifications of the epitrochleoanconeus in animal studies, under a variety of names, Gruber (1866) seems to offer the first extensive comparative study involving the epitrochleoanconeus in man. This was shortly followed by several accounts by Wood describing his
274:'s "Anatomie comparée" of 1855 but that the muscle was given a wide variety of aliases and was not shown in many species where it should have been seen. The muscle is common in lower primates but has been lost as a discrete muscle in apes, although it has reoccurred in chimpanzees.
208:
The presence of the epitrochleoanconeus muscle can lead to ulnar neuropathy, or cubital tunnel syndrome, due to compression of the ulnar nerve. The absence of epitrochleoanconeus muscle or
Osborne's ligament can increase the chances of ulnar nerve dislocation.
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234:
of the forearm. A variety of names have been given to this muscle in different species including flexor antebrachii ulnaris, epitrochleo-cubitalis and entepicondylo-ulnaris. The epitrochleoanconius is common amongst
184:
The epitrochleoanconeus is a short striated muscle which originates on the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The muscle runs over the ulnar nerve, forms an arch over the
28:
47:
Illustration of a dissected elbow joint showing ulnar nerve (a), epitrochleoanconeus (1 in red), triceps extensor cubiti (2) and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles (3). From Gruber (1866).
562:
Wood J (1868) "Variations in Human
Myology Observed during the Winter Session of 1867-68 at King's College, London " Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 16, pp. 483-525
551:
Wood J (1867) "Variations in Human
Myology Observed during the Winter Session of 1866-67 at King's College, London." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 15, pp. 518-546
422:
Gervasio O, Zaccone C (2008). "Surgical approach to ulnar nerve compression at the elbow caused by the epitrochleoanconeus muscle and a prominent medial head of the triceps".
331:"The prevalence of anconeus epitrochlearis muscle and Osborne's ligament in cubital tunnel syndrome patients and healthy individuals: An anatomical study with meta-analysis"
540:
Gruber, W. (1866) "Ăśber den
Musculus epitrochleo-anconeus des Menschen und der Säugethiere." Mem. de L'Acadèmie Impèriale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg S. 7., 10(5):1-26.
622:"Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the pectoral and forelimb musculature of tetrapods with special attention to extant limbed amphibians and reptiles"
196:
There are cases where there is no structure at all bridging the space occupied by the epitrochleoanconeus. The muscle tends to be hypertrophied when associated with
669:
Diogo R, Richmond BG, Wood B (2012). "Evolution and homologies of primate and modern human hand and forearm muscles, with notes on thumb movements and tool use".
270:. Galton (1874) gave an overview of the several species characterised at that point and noted that at least 15 species had been figured with the muscle in
745:
329:
Suwannakhan, Athikhun; Chaiyamoon, Arada; Yammine, Kaissar; Yurasakpong, Laphatrada; Janta, Sirorat; Limpanuparb, Taweetham; Meemon, Krai (2021-12-01).
258:
The epitrochleoanconeus is found widely amongst mammals having been characterised in the mid 19th century in a variety of species including
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identification of the muscle during a series of dissections in humans along with comparative studies in other animals.
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502:"Ulnar nerve compression at the elbow caused by the epitrochleoanconeus muscle: a case report and surgical approach"
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Nellans K, Galdi B, Kim HM, Levine WN (2014). "Ulnar neuropathy as a result of anconeus epitrochlearis".
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O'Driscoll SW, Horii E, Carmichael SW, Morrey BF (1991). "The cubital tunnel and ulnar neuropathy".
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The inner side of the right elbow showing the epitrochleoanconeus muscle. From Toldt (1919).
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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In animals with a discrete developed epitrochleoanconeus the muscle acts as an
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Cubital tunnel syndrome associated with epitrochleoanconeus at radiopedia
176:. The average prevalence of this muscle is 14.2% in healthy individuals.
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and inserts on the olecranon. It is innervated by the ulnar nerve.
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581:"On the Epitrochleo-Anconeus or Anconeus Sextus (Gruber)"
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500:
Uscetin I, Bingol D, Ozkaya O, Orman C, Akan M (2014).
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which runs from the back of the inner condyle of the
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430:(3 Suppl 1): 186–92, discussion 192–3.
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300:This article incorporates text in the
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436:10.1227/01.neu.0000317392.29551.aa
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707:Epitrochleoanconeus at radiopedia
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638:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01278.x
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519:10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.6913-12.0
146:anconeous epitrochlearis muscle
1134:extensor carpi radialis longus
1061:flexor digitorum superficialis
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401:10.1302/0301-620X.73B4.2071645
1:
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284:List of anatomical variations
117:Musculus epitrochleoanconaeus
16:Accessory muscle in the elbow
683:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.04.001
479:10.3928/01477447-20140728-92
191:
179:
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1344:flexor digiti minimi brevis
347:10.1016/j.surge.2020.12.006
308:of the 20th edition of
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1086:flexor digitorum profundus
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620:Abdala V, Diogo R (2010).
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142:epitrochleoanconeus muscle
124:Anatomical terms of muscle
22:Epitrochleoanconeus muscle
1504:Muscles of the upper limb
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1190:extensor pollicis brevis
1185:abductor pollicis longus
230:of the olecranon and a
198:cubital tunnel syndrome
150:anconeus-epitrochlearis
1349:abductor digiti minimi
1339:opponens digiti minimi
1306:flexor pollicis brevis
1155:extensor carpi ulnaris
1150:extensor digiti minimi
1091:flexor pollicis longus
719:anatomical terminology
1519:Anatomical variations
1224:bicipital aponeurosis
1051:flexor carpi radialis
204:Clinical significance
1418:extensor retinaculum
1056:flexor carpi ulnaris
389:J Bone Joint Surg Br
264:duck billed platypus
1246:antebrachial fascia
1180:anatomical snuffbox
991:triangular interval
948:intermuscular septa
840:infraspinous fascia
835:supraspinous fascia
591:(Pt 1): 168.2–175.
1509:Upper limb anatomy
1448:palmar aponeurosis
1443:flexor retinaculum
1423:extensor expansion
1267:osborne's ligament
1145:extensor digitorum
1081:pronator quadratus
981:quadrangular space
915:articularis cubiti
717:This article uses
579:Galton JC (1874).
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784:rotator cuff
677:(1): 64–78.
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671:J. Hum. Evol
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811:teres major
799:teres minor
467:Orthopedics
335:The Surgeon
170:ulnar nerve
106:Identifiers
100:Ulnar nerve
1493:Categories
1409:posterior:
1377:interossei
1334:hypothenar
1124:mobile wad
887:brachialis
290:References
245:amphibians
71:epicondyle
1434:anterior:
1372:lumbrical
1175:supinator
1105:posterior
897:posterior
371:231864139
355:1479-666X
237:tetrapods
232:supinator
192:Variation
180:Structure
174:olecranon
168:over the
87:olecranon
82:Insertion
1234:extensor
1022:anterior
910:anconeus
869:anterior
767:Shoulder
691:22640954
656:20807270
607:17231045
528:24831373
487:25102512
452:22925073
444:18424985
363:33551294
306:page 448
278:See also
241:reptiles
228:adductor
64:Inferior
1483:Anatomy
1007:Forearm
953:lateral
779:deltoid
757:of the
755:Muscles
647:3035861
626:J. Anat
598:1319039
409:2071645
268:echidna
249:mammals
213:History
172:to the
166:humerus
160:of the
89:process
75:humerus
73:of the
53:Details
1469:Portal
1399:fascia
1387:palmar
1382:dorsal
1296:thenar
1239:flexor
1216:fascia
1138:brevis
976:spaces
958:medial
925:fascia
882:biceps
821:fascia
689:
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644:
605:
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526:
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450:
442:
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314:(1918)
272:Cuvier
68:medial
59:Origin
1255:other
1166:deep:
1072:deep:
969:other
448:S2CID
367:S2CID
304:from
253:birds
128:[
112:Latin
95:Nerve
1281:Hand
1136:and
687:PMID
652:PMID
603:PMID
524:PMID
483:PMID
440:PMID
405:PMID
359:PMID
351:ISSN
266:and
251:and
140:The
854:Arm
759:arm
679:doi
642:PMC
634:doi
630:217
593:PMC
514:doi
475:doi
432:doi
397:doi
343:doi
200:.
162:arm
152:or
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