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Princeton
University faculty, staff and students, Richardson was confronted with a group of opposing faculty, who believed that Richardson was not properly performing his duties and that funds were being disposed of inefficiently. A committee was formed to investigate these accusations, of which Richardson was cleared, and it was recommended that the school give the library more funds. This positive opinion did not last, and J.T. Gerould was appointed librarian and the new position of director was created for Richardson without a salary increase. Tensions grew when Richardson traveled abroad and was docked part of his salary, even though he carried out work for the library and had always been compensated previously. To make matters worse, Gerould changed Richardson's “Title-a-Bar” and “Princeton System” to “Full-form” cataloging and the “
282:. While at the Hartford Theological Seminary, Richardson was granted leave to travel to Europe. It was on his various trips throughout Europe that Richardson was able to study, examine and collect many significant books, manuscripts and documents. These studies helped to support Richardson's belief that U.S. libraries lacked serious research materials. Three years into his career at Hartford Seminary, Richardson was given an honorary M.A. from Amherst College, which was common practice for the institution at the time (given to graduates who had furthered their professional or liberal studies for two or more years). Richardson was promoted to librarian with faculty rank in 1884, and again in 1888 to associate professor. He received an honorary PhD from
302:, then known as The College of New Jersey. Richardson had been offered jobs on numerous occasions, however his commitment to the Hartford Theological Seminary, and his own personal commitment to his religious studies made the positions unappealing until promises of wage raises were not fulfilled. Princeton University offered Richardson a salary that doubled his wages at the Hartford Theological Seminary Library. Richardson accepted the position at Princeton in 1890. The following year Richardson married Grace Duncan Ely on June 30. Her father was a wealthy New York coffee broker and the inheritance Grace received after her father's death enabled Richardson to remain semi-independent of his salary for the remainder of his life.
31:
216:(February 9, 1860 – June 3, 1939) was an American librarian, theologian and scholar. Throughout his life Richardson strived to make advances in cataloging systems and increased access to necessary research materials in U.S. libraries. He was named one of the "100 Most Important Leaders had in the 20th Century" by
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While at
Princeton, Richardson was able to increase the library's collection and facilities several times. He was also able to conduct experiments in cataloging. One of these experiments was his “Title-a-Bar” theory, in which books were given a single line for their title on book lists and subject
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Unfortunately, not everyone at
Princeton agreed with Richardson's method of cataloging. His system, often referred to as the “Princeton System” relied on whole numbers and minute specifications for classification, resulting in a lengthy cataloging number. And, after many years of service to the
241:
in
September 1876. To support his studies financially he worked as a student assistant in the library and also as a pin-setter for a local bowling alley. He also applied for and received scholarships, which he "...secured by virtue of a good academic record and seriousness of purpose." During
333:
Richardson worked for the
Library of Congress as a consultant without compensation until 1934, at which point several conflicts and his unwillingness to compromise demanded his resignation from the Library of Congress, the American Library Association in 1934, the
234:. His father, James Cushing, and mother, Lydia Bartlett Taylor Richardson, were of English descent. As a child, Ernest has been described as athletic. He was most passionate about baseball, ice skating and hiking and continued to enjoy them throughout his life.
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lists. Richardson believed that the time saved in looking through catalogs at a single line and cataloging new texts with a single line increased productivity and allowed resources to be entered into the library system and accessed more easily.
346:. He began to collapse and disperse his personal library, approximately 15,000 volumes, to the Library of Congress, the Army Medical Library and the Brick Row Bookshop in New York City. On June 29, 1939, Richardson died of
257:
Richardson was promoted to assistant librarian at
Amherst during his senior year. Throughout his academic career he maintained a good grade-point average, so that when he graduated on July 2, 1880, he did so with
339:
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began completing a switch to the
Library of Congress Classification system, though books classified according to the Richardson method remained in other Princeton libraries.
254:. It has been suggested by Lewis C. Branscomb, Richardson's primary biographer, that these librarians influenced Richardson in his enthusiasm for classification methods.
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in 1936. Richardson's wife, Grace, died on
October 29, 1933, following which he rented their home in Princeton and resided mainly in their cottage “High Pastures” in
314:,” while Richardson was abroad. Conflicts between Gerould and Richardson continued and, in 1925, Richardson retired from Princeton and accepted an offer from the
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Following years of service to the library at
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Princeton libraries stopped using
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Richardson, Ernest C. “Classification: Theoretical and Practical”. H.W. WilsonCo, 1935.
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Ernest Cushing Richardson: Research Librarian, Scholar, Theologian, 1860-1939
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After graduating from Amherst, Richardson accepted a part-time position at
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16:United States librarian, theologian and scholar
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505:President of the American Library Association
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318:as an Honorary Consultant in Bibliography.
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382:Lewis Capers Branscomb (1 January 1993).
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180: 1891; died 1933)
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477:Outline of Richardson Classification
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1325:People from Woburn, Massachusetts
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274:as a student assistant under Dr.
480:. New Jersey: N.p., 1963. Print.
284:Washington and Jefferson College
340:Institut Francais de Washington
250:, who worked with Dewey on the
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278:, one of the founders of the
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280:American Library Association
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312:Library of Congress System
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437:Princeton Alumni Weekly
276:Chester David Hartranft
1315:Amherst College alumni
344:Old Lyme, Connecticut
232:Woburn, Massachusetts
300:Princeton University
252:Dewey Decimal System
1340:Library of Congress
1330:American librarians
388:. Scarecrow Press.
316:Library of Congress
410:American Libraries
290:on June 13, 1988.
219:American Libraries
157:, Connecticut, USA
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512:Succeeded by
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125:(1939-06-03)
123:June 3, 1939
73:Succeeded by
50:
1300:1939 deaths
1295:1860 births
1249:W. K. Brown
1244:Garcia-Febo
859:C. H. Brown
734:W. L. Brown
619:H. M. Utley
329:Later years
248:W.S. Biscoe
134:Connecticut
61:Preceded by
1289:Categories
1134:Somerville
834:M. G. Wyer
819:Countryman
764:G.B. Utley
739:Montgomery
704:J. I. Wyer
674:Richardson
599:Linderfelt
554:Presidents
509:1904–1905
358:References
198:Occupation
99:1860-02-09
1269:Drabinski
1254:Jefferson
1219:Stripling
1104:Dougherty
994:McDonough
989:Mohrhardt
944:Greenaway
919:Ludington
894:McDiarmid
814:Lydenberg
709:Elmendorf
222:in 1999.
202:Librarian
188:Education
55:1904–1905
51:In office
1214:Sullivan
1164:Freedman
1119:Franklin
1089:Chisholm
1054:Sullivan
1004:Bradshaw
974:Castagna
929:Richards
884:Rothrock
879:Ulveling
844:Ferguson
809:Rathbone
769:Jennings
719:Anderson
689:Bostwick
659:Billings
649:Thwaites
604:Fletcher
262:honors.
130:Old Lyme
1229:Feldman
1209:Raphael
1204:Stevens
1154:Kranich
1109:Schuman
1094:Summers
1084:Minudri
1069:Sheldon
1064:Nemeyer
924:Mumford
864:Metcalf
824:Compton
794:Eastman
729:Plummer
724:Wellman
684:Andrews
584:Crunden
556:of the
460:at the
182:
174:
170:
1234:Todaro
1194:Rettig
1184:Burger
1179:Gorman
1169:Hayden
1144:Symons
1129:Turock
1124:Curley
1114:Miller
1099:Berger
1049:Galvin
1029:Martin
1024:Holley
1019:Lowrie
979:Vosper
969:Wagman
959:Morton
949:Powell
939:Morsch
904:Graham
869:Warren
854:Culver
839:Craver
829:Wilson
804:Strohm
779:Belden
749:Hadley
744:Bishop
714:Legler
699:Hodges
669:Putnam
664:Hosmer
639:Putnam
634:Winsor
614:Larned
579:Cutter
569:Winsor
392:
162:Spouse
106:Woburn
1224:Young
1199:Alire
1159:Berry
1079:Lynch
1074:Josey
1059:Stone
1044:Shank
1034:Jones
1014:Laich
984:Gaver
964:Bryan
954:Spain
914:Downs
799:Keogh
789:Roden
784:Locke
774:Meyer
754:Tyler
694:Gould
629:Brett
609:Dewey
594:Green
589:Dewey
574:Poole
176:(
172:
136:, USA
1274:Hohl
1259:Wong
1239:Neal
1149:Long
1139:Ford
1039:Moon
1009:Doms
934:Shaw
909:Fyan
899:Lord
889:Rice
874:Vitz
849:Munn
759:Root
679:Hill
654:Carr
644:Lane
624:Dana
443:(4).
390:ISBN
155:Lyme
120:Died
93:Born
1189:Roy
999:Dix
469:at
441:111
114:USA
1291::
439:.
435:.
366:^
354:.
178:m.
132:,
112:,
108:,
546:e
539:t
532:v
398:.
101:)
97:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
