251:. The communists were against the founding of a communist republic at this point. He served as president from 6 April to 12 April. Communists agitated against Toller and his councils and sent speakers into soldiers barracks to announce that the Council Republic did not deserve to be defended. He issued numerous decrees, the press was socialised, the mining industry was socialised, and the eight-hour working day made legally binding. He decreed that citizens could withdraw only 100 marks per day from the banks, and issued reassurance to the workers that these measures were directed against the major capitalists who were attempting to take money abroad. A decree was made against exorbitant rents. His government members were not always well-chosen. For instance, the Foreign Affairs Deputy Dr.
216:
139:
400:
33:
204:
161:, after which he became the head of its army. He was imprisoned for five years for his part in the armed resistance by the Bavarian Soviet Republic to the central government in Berlin. While in prison Toller wrote several plays that gained him international renown. They were performed in London and New York City as well as in Berlin.
347:
and presented in New York City in 1938. Their sense of immediacy was gone: the first play was related to the First World War and its aftermath, and the second an earlier period of the rise of the Nazis. Their style was outmoded for New York, and the poor reception added to Toller's discouragement.
378:"If ever you read that I committed suicide, I beg you not to believe it." Payne continued: "He hanged himself with the silk cord of his nightgown in a hotel in New York two years ago. This is what the newspapers said at the time, but I continue to believe that he was murdered".
327:, premiered in Berlin in 1925. It tells of a revolutionary discharged from a mental hospital after eight years, who discovers that his former comrades have grown complacent and compromised within the system they once opposed. In despair, he kills himself.
168:
came to power. He did a lecture tour in 1936–1937 in the United States and Canada, settling in
California for a while before going to New York. He joined other exiles there. He died by suicide in May 1939.
1149:...it is Toller the social critic rather than Toller the dramatist with which this book is concerned, his ideas, his visions for Germany and Europe as transmitted in his works of fiction and prose.
541:
The most recent comprehensive biography of Toller is by Robert Ellis, "Ernst Toller and German
Society. Intellectuals as Leaders and Critics" Fairleigh Dickison University Press, 2013.
2676:
1219:
612:
that explores the political situation in
Germany during the Weimar Republic through the story of Ernst Toller, an inexperienced political leader who clashes with the communist
534:
In 2000, Alan
Pearlman published his translation into English of several of Toller's plays. The literary rights to the works of Ernst Toller were the property of the novelist
441:
2671:
2651:
2626:
417:
290:
testified on Toller's behalf when he was tried for his part in the revolution. He was sentenced to five years in prison and served his sentence in the prisons of
2696:
2691:
2701:
429:
2681:
313:
Toller was unable to see the plays he had written in prison performed until after his release in July 1925. The most famous of his later dramas,
965:
1107:
244:
2666:
2621:
1408:
1269:
1522:
518:(No More Peace) (1935) First published and produced in English, as he was living in London, but it was written originally in German.
739:
2535:
1532:
843:
874:
766:
659:
1242:
616:, and raises questions about the impact of political ideals and activism during times of political oppression and violence.
2636:
1091:
153:(1 December 1893 – 22 May 1939) was a German author, playwright, left-wing politician and revolutionary, known for his
2646:
1557:
1142:
1049:
1030:
1007:
953:
828:
749:
1403:
1327:
1583:
2686:
1695:
1413:
1262:
1209:
1222:
Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin (archived link containing many links to other sites and works about Toller)
602:) Hungarian poet, writer and translator was published as "Thursday" (Hungarian title: Csütörtök) on 26 May 1939.
374:, who knew Toller in Spain and in Paris, later wrote in his diary that Toller had said shortly before his death:
2661:
1398:
1068:
804:
1685:
2616:
1322:
1608:
898:
2550:
1613:
1238:
189:
1598:
367:, after laying out on his hotel desk "photos of Spanish children who had been killed by fascist bombs".
2656:
2641:
1735:
1690:
1593:
1588:
1537:
1459:
1317:
1255:
364:
268:
188:
At the outbreak of World War I, he volunteered for the German Army. After serving for 13 months on the
185:, Poland). He was the son of Ida (Kohn) and Max Toller, a pharmacist. His parents ran a general store.
1639:
1578:
1388:
1172:
1644:
1618:
1479:
1312:
248:
158:
44:
1996:
2631:
2575:
2457:
1469:
1393:
471:
404:
344:
315:
260:
154:
2101:
1936:
687:
2606:
1790:
1464:
1434:
1307:
538:
until the copyright expired on 31 December 2009. His works have now entered the public domain.
2540:
2354:
2066:
1765:
1603:
2106:
1991:
1896:
1680:
1474:
1205:
571:
371:
1946:
864:
649:
355:, separated from his wife and struggling with financial woes (he had given all his money to
2611:
2601:
2565:
2131:
1182:
566:
303:
1439:
299:
143:
8:
2545:
2061:
1931:
1775:
1512:
1449:
1362:
1176:
860:
645:
599:
455:(org. Der deutsche Hinkemann), Uraufführung (19 September 1923) Produced under titles of
387:
2429:
1194:
1061:
Anarchism in the Dramas of Ernst Toller: The Realm of
Necessity and the Realm of Freedom
866:
Anarchism in the Dramas of Ernst Toller: The Realm of
Necessity and the Realm of Freedom
651:
Anarchism in the Dramas of Ernst Toller: The Realm of
Necessity and the Realm of Freedom
2555:
2136:
2056:
1861:
1740:
1634:
1302:
1297:
1101:
1080:
1019:
793:
2580:
2467:
2424:
2409:
2349:
2186:
2161:
2151:
1941:
1846:
1760:
1730:
1715:
1710:
1660:
1484:
1337:
1278:
1138:
1087:
1064:
1045:
1026:
1003:
949:
870:
824:
800:
745:
655:
356:
352:
291:
215:
111:
2359:
2319:
2507:
2419:
2364:
2324:
2299:
2289:
1976:
1810:
1770:
1670:
1552:
1527:
1454:
1444:
1367:
1347:
1160:
2492:
2274:
2116:
2031:
1926:
1876:
1795:
1675:
2452:
2384:
2314:
2304:
2264:
2211:
2171:
2156:
1871:
1700:
1665:
1332:
1292:
1234:
1132:
858:
643:
535:
240:
2512:
2502:
2344:
2339:
2111:
2021:
1966:
1134:
Ernst Toller and German
Society: Intellectuals as Leaders and Critics, 1914–1939
626:, which won the Prix Italia in 1969 and the Adolf-Grimme-Preis with Gold in 1970
613:
272:
79:
2472:
2404:
2294:
2284:
2259:
2201:
2166:
2081:
2036:
1911:
1906:
1891:
1866:
1800:
1780:
1745:
1705:
1490:
1372:
1352:
1225:
966:"Irodalmi antológia :: Radnóti Miklós: Thursday (Csütörtök Angol nyelven)"
595:
587:
324:
256:
192:, he suffered a complete physical and psychological collapse. His first drama,
2254:
1042:
Die Göttin und ihr
Sozialist: Gristiane Grauthoff - ihr Leben mit Ernst Toller
2595:
2497:
2482:
2414:
2389:
2334:
2309:
2269:
2206:
2086:
2071:
1981:
1961:
1916:
1901:
1881:
1825:
1815:
1805:
1750:
1725:
1562:
1357:
1247:
995:
609:
582:
503:
307:
224:
528:
Letters from Prison: Including Poems and a New
Version of 'The Swallow Book'
2570:
2560:
2517:
2374:
2369:
2329:
2279:
2236:
2226:
2221:
2181:
2176:
2126:
2121:
2046:
2041:
2006:
2001:
1971:
1886:
1851:
1820:
1542:
1229:
551:
138:
295:
267:
and taken the key to the ministry toilet with him. On April 13, 1919 the
2487:
2477:
2394:
2379:
2231:
2216:
2196:
2146:
2141:
2096:
2026:
2016:
2011:
1951:
1720:
1342:
623:
576:
382:
287:
255:(who had been admitted several times to psychiatric hospitals) informed
2462:
2091:
2076:
2051:
1986:
1956:
1921:
1856:
1755:
1547:
1507:
591:
centers on a troubled, although Protestant, character named for Toller.
463:(US). Issued in England by the Nonesuch Press in 1926 under the title
399:
252:
232:
157:
plays. He served in 1919 for six days as President of the short-lived
1629:
1517:
1429:
283:
276:
236:
208:
32:
2434:
2399:
1841:
1785:
182:
178:
107:
622:
is a film about Toller and the Munich Soviet Republic directed by
298:. From February 1920 until his release, he was in the fortress of
1623:
360:
264:
203:
335:
Two of his early plays were produced in New York in the 1930s:
275:
as their leader. In May 1919, the republic was defeated by the
1153:
1114:
165:
946:
Plays One: Transformation, Masses Man, Hoppla, We're Alive!.
821:
Plays One: Transformation, Masses Man, Hoppla, We're Alive!.
211:(foreground, bearded) in May 1917 at the Lauensteiner Tagung
948:
By Ernst Toller. Absolute Classics series. London: Oberon.
846:
The Hooded Eagle: Modern German Drama on the New York Stage
823:
By Ernst Toller. Absolute Classics series. London: Oberon.
1115:
Ellis, Robert; Toller and, Ernst; German Society (2013).
2677:
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
1039:
385:'s poem "In Memory of Ernst Toller" was published in
363:
on 22 May 1939. He hanged himself in his room at the
339:(1922), whose opening night in 1937 he attended, and
259:
via cable that the ousted former Minister-President,
510:
I Was a German: The Autobiography of a Revolutionary
247:(USPD), Toller was involved in the short-lived 1919
1165:
Ernst-Toller-Gesellschaft e.V. Neuburg an der Donau
767:"Poets in Power: the 1919 Bavarian Soviet Republic"
200:, 1919), was wrought from his wartime experiences.
1079:
1018:
792:
869:. State University of New York Press. p. 8.
654:. State University of New York Press. p. 2.
164:In 1933 Toller was exiled from Germany after the
2593:
1040:Fuld, Werner; Ostermaier(Hrsg.), Albert (1996).
177:Toller was born in 1893 into a Jewish family in
2652:German expressionist dramatists and playwrights
2627:Independent Social Democratic Party politicians
1117:Intellectuals as Leaders and Critics, 1914-1939
935:(Chungking Diaries), New York: Dodd, Mead, 1945
737:
2697:20th-century German dramatists and playwrights
1277:
1063:. State University of New York Press, Albany.
931:Robert Payne, "Diary entry for May 23, 1942",
849:, Syracuse University Press, 1968, pp. 112-114
491:(1930), play in five acts, with Hermann Kesten
245:Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
2692:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
1263:
994:
944:Pearlman, Alan Raphael, ed. and trans. 2000.
819:Pearlman, Alan Raphael, ed. and trans. 2000.
2672:People of the German Revolution of 1918–1919
1021:He was a German: A Biography of Ernst Toller
922:Jean-Michel Palmier, Weimar in Exile, pg 360
795:He Was a German: A Biography of Ernst Toller
682:
680:
678:
142:Ernst Toller during his imprisonment in the
2702:People convicted of treason against Germany
1409:Category:Translators of William Shakespeare
1270:
1256:
1106:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
839:
837:
330:
31:
1523:Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen
1195:"Archive for the 'Ernst Toller' Category"
1082:German Writers in French Exile, 1933-1940
675:
45:President of the Bavarian Soviet Republic
1137:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
1077:
398:
214:
202:
137:
1119:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
852:
834:
524:(1935) (Letters from Prison), Amsterdam
2682:German male dramatists and playwrights
2594:
1533:Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau
1235:Newspaper clippings about Ernst Toller
1002:(suhrkamp ed.). Suhrkamp Verlag.
896:
637:
565:Toller was a central character in the
227:as the war returnee, 30 September 1919
1251:
1130:
1058:
57:6 April 1919 – 12 April 1919
2667:Suicides by hanging in New York City
1016:
790:
764:
859:Ossar, M.; Paul Avrich Collection (
728:Volker Weidermann, Dreamers, p. 152
719:Volker Weidermann, Dreamers, p. 150
644:Ossar, M.; Paul Avrich Collection (
13:
2622:Writers from the Province of Posen
1124:
710:Volker Weidermann, Dreamers, p.141
467:with a translation by Vera Mendel.
172:
14:
2713:
1558:Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick
1183:"Collection: Ernst Toller papers"
741:Munich: Hofbräuhaus & History
219:Karlheinz Martin's production of
1328:Early New High German literature
903:New International, Vol. 5, No. 8
958:
938:
925:
916:
890:
562:was produced in the UK in 2011.
1131:Ellis, Robert (10 June 2013).
813:
784:
758:
731:
722:
713:
704:
1:
1323:Middle High German literature
899:"The Suicide of Ernst Toller"
897:Fisher, Oscar (August 1939).
765:Reed, Susan (12 April 2019).
630:
502:(A Youth in Germany) (1933),
302:, where he spent 149 days in
16:German playwright (1893–1939)
1609:Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock
1212:(Canada) (Online version of
544:
359:refugees), Toller committed
7:
2551:Adelbert von Chamisso Prize
1686:Annette von Droste-Hülshoff
1614:Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz
1239:20th Century Press Archives
10:
2718:
1736:Christian Friedrich Hebbel
1691:Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach
1626:(Friedrich von Hardenberg)
1594:Johann Christoph Gottsched
1589:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1538:Johann Michael Moscherosch
1460:Walther von der Vogelweide
1414:Reformation era literature
1318:Old High German literature
1279:German-language literature
1214:Eine Jugend in Deutschland
988:
744:. Peter Lang. p. 58.
500:Eine Jugend in Deutschland
411:in Cincinnati, Ohio (1937)
343:, produced in 1937 by the
243:, and Toller's party, the
207:Ernst Toller (center) and
2637:Jewish German politicians
2526:
2443:
2245:
1834:
1653:
1640:Johann Gottfried Schnabel
1579:Barthold Heinrich Brockes
1571:
1500:
1422:
1381:
1285:
1187:Archives at Yale (MS 498)
1078:Mauthner, Martin (2007).
692:. Encyclopædia Britannica
512:(1934), New York: Paragon
132:
118:
94:
89:
85:
73:
61:
50:
43:
39:
30:
23:
2647:Bavarian Soviet Republic
2232:Fritz Zorn (Fritz Angst)
1645:Christoph Martin Wieland
1619:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
1599:Johann Christian Günther
1480:Gottfried von Strassburg
1313:History of Liechtenstein
738:Jeffrey S. Gaab (2006).
522:Briefe aus dem Gefängnis
394:
249:Bavarian Soviet Republic
159:Bavarian Soviet Republic
2576:Leipzig Book Fair Prize
2536:Ingeborg Bachmann Prize
2458:Rudolf Christoph Eucken
1470:Albrecht von Johansdorf
1404:Swiss writers in German
1173:Henry Toller Collection
1161:"The Society: About us"
1059:Ossar, Michael (1980).
1044:. Weidle Verlag, Bonn.
405:Federal Theatre Project
345:Federal Theatre Project
331:Exile, death and legacy
2687:German revolutionaries
1791:Conrad Ferdinand Meyer
1696:Joseph von Eichendorff
1465:Wolfram von Eschenbach
1308:History of Switzerland
1169:(Ernst Toller Society)
1017:Dove, Richard (1990).
791:Dove, Richard (1990).
550:The English dramatist
412:
380:
231:Together with leading
228:
212:
147:
146:fortress (early 1920s)
2662:Plays by Ernst Toller
2107:Christian Morgenstern
1992:Hugo von Hofmannsthal
1897:Rolf Dieter Brinkmann
1681:Adelbert von Chamisso
1475:Heinrich von Morungen
1399:Liechtenstein writers
1206:Works by Ernst Toller
483:Feuer aus den Kesseln
402:
376:
218:
206:
141:
2617:People from Szamocin
2566:Heinrich Heine Prize
2132:Erich Maria Remarque
2102:Friederike Mayröcker
1937:Friedrich Dürrenmatt
567:Miles Franklin Award
472:Hoppla, We're Alive!
447:Die Maschinenstürmer
442:The Machine Wreckers
337:The Machine Wreckers
316:Hoppla, We're Alive!
304:solitary confinement
2546:Sigmund Freud Prize
2541:Georg Büchner Prize
2355:Emine Sevgi Özdamar
2067:Else Lasker-Schüler
1932:Heimito von Doderer
1776:Heinrich von Kleist
1766:Friedrich Hölderlin
1604:Friedrich Hölderlin
1450:Reinmar von Hagenau
1363:Austrian literature
1201:. 18 December 2010.
1177:Harry Ransom Center
861:Library of Congress
771:The British Library
646:Library of Congress
370:The English author
271:seized power, with
2556:Hans Fallada Prize
2137:Rainer Maria Rilke
2057:Siegfried Kracauer
1947:Marieluise Fleißer
1862:Johannes R. Becher
1741:Johann Peter Hebel
1635:Friedrich Schiller
1382:Related categories
1303:History of Austria
1298:History of Germany
1025:. Libris, London.
799:. London: Libris.
516:Nie Wieder Friede!
477:Hoppla, wir leben!
413:
321:Hoppla, wir Leben!
282:The noted authors
229:
213:
148:
68:Office established
2657:Modernist theatre
2642:Jewish socialists
2589:
2588:
2581:Nelly Sachs Prize
2468:Gerhart Hauptmann
2425:Wolf Wondratschek
2350:Sharon Dodua Otoo
2187:Berta von Suttner
2162:Arthur Schnitzler
2152:Ernst von Salomon
1942:Lion Feuchtwanger
1847:Ingeborg Bachmann
1761:E. T. A. Hoffmann
1731:Gerhart Hauptmann
1716:Franz Grillparzer
1711:Jeremias Gotthelf
1661:Bettina von Arnim
1584:Christian Gellert
1485:Dietrich von Bern
1440:Der von Kürenberg
1338:Weimar Classicism
970:Magyarul Bábelben
876:978-0-87395-393-1
661:978-0-87395-393-1
357:Spanish Civil War
300:Niederschönenfeld
261:Johannes Hoffmann
144:Niederschönenfeld
136:
135:
128:New York City, US
2709:
2508:Elfriede Jelinek
2430:Feridun Zaimoğlu
2420:Peter Wawerzinek
2365:Julya Rabinowich
2325:Christian Kracht
2300:Wladimir Kaminer
2290:Elfriede Jelinek
2052:Egon Erwin Kisch
1997:Ödön von Horváth
1977:Marlen Haushofer
1811:Adalbert Stifter
1771:Gottfried Keller
1671:Clemens Brentano
1553:Angelus Silesius
1528:Andreas Gryphius
1455:Hartmann von Aue
1445:Dietmar von Aist
1389:Austrian writers
1368:Swiss literature
1348:Literary realism
1286:Related articles
1272:
1265:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1202:
1190:
1168:
1151:
1120:
1111:
1105:
1097:
1085:
1074:
1055:
1036:
1024:
1013:
982:
981:
979:
977:
962:
956:
942:
936:
929:
923:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
894:
888:
887:
885:
883:
856:
850:
841:
832:
817:
811:
810:
798:
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
762:
756:
755:
735:
729:
726:
720:
717:
711:
708:
702:
701:
699:
697:
684:
673:
672:
670:
668:
641:
125:
104:
102:
90:Personal details
76:
64:
55:
35:
21:
20:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2529:literary awards
2528:
2527:German-language
2522:
2453:Theodor Mommsen
2446:Nobel laureates
2445:
2444:German-language
2439:
2385:Clemens J. Setz
2315:Alexander Kluge
2305:Daniel Kehlmann
2265:Jenny Erpenbeck
2247:
2241:
2212:Josef Weinheber
2172:Kurt Schwitters
2157:Paul Scheerbart
1872:Thomas Bernhard
1830:
1701:Theodor Fontane
1666:Achim von Arnim
1649:
1567:
1496:
1435:Courtly romance
1418:
1377:
1333:Sturm und Drang
1293:German language
1281:
1276:
1193:
1181:
1159:
1145:
1127:
1125:Further reading
1099:
1098:
1094:
1071:
1052:
1033:
1010:
991:
986:
985:
975:
973:
964:
963:
959:
943:
939:
930:
926:
921:
917:
907:
905:
895:
891:
881:
879:
877:
857:
853:
844:Peter Bauland,
842:
835:
818:
814:
807:
789:
785:
775:
773:
763:
759:
752:
736:
732:
727:
723:
718:
714:
709:
705:
695:
693:
686:
685:
676:
666:
664:
662:
642:
638:
633:
569:-winning novel
547:
536:Katharine Weber
489:Mary Baker Eddy
461:Bloody Laughter
418:Transfiguration
403:Poster for the
397:
365:Mayflower Hotel
351:Suffering from
333:
323:), directed by
306:and 24 days on
269:Communist Party
241:Gustav Landauer
223:in Berlin with
181:, Germany (now
175:
173:Life and career
127:
123:
106:
105:1 December 1893
100:
98:
74:
62:
56:
51:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2715:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2632:Jewish writers
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2473:Carl Spitteler
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Ilija Trojanow
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2360:Teresa Präauer
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2320:Barbara Köhler
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:Reinhard Jirgl
2292:
2287:
2285:Judith Hermann
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2260:Thomas Brussig
2257:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2202:Kurt Tucholsky
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Helga Schubert
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2082:Siegfried Lenz
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2037:Hermann Kesten
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1912:Hermann Burger
1909:
1907:Arnolt Bronnen
1904:
1899:
1894:
1892:Bertolt Brecht
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:Gottfried Benn
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:Johann Nestroy
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:Nikolaus Lenau
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1746:Heinrich Heine
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1706:Gustav Freytag
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1491:Nibelungenlied
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1394:German writers
1391:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1373:German studies
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1353:Weimar culture
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1170:
1157:
1143:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1112:
1093:978-0853035411
1092:
1075:
1069:
1056:
1050:
1037:
1031:
1014:
1008:
990:
987:
984:
983:
972:(in Hungarian)
957:
937:
924:
915:
889:
875:
851:
833:
812:
805:
783:
757:
750:
730:
721:
712:
703:
674:
660:
635:
634:
632:
629:
628:
627:
617:
603:
600:Radnóti Miklós
596:Miklos Radnoti
592:
588:First Reformed
580:
563:
546:
543:
532:
531:
530:(1936), London
525:
519:
513:
507:
493:
492:
486:
480:
468:
450:
438:
426:
407:production of
396:
393:
332:
329:
325:Erwin Piscator
294:, Neuburg and
263:, had fled to
257:Vladimir Lenin
221:Transformation
194:Transformation
174:
171:
134:
133:
130:
129:
126:(aged 45)
120:
116:
115:
96:
92:
91:
87:
86:
83:
82:
77:
71:
70:
65:
59:
58:
48:
47:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2714:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:1939 suicides
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:Elias Canetti
2496:
2494:
2493:Heinrich Böll
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:Hermann Hesse
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Martin Walser
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Botho Strauss
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:Clemens Meyer
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:Esther Kinsky
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:Durs Grünbein
2273:
2271:
2270:Rainald Goetz
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:Robert Walser
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Heiner Müller
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:Heinrich Mann
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Erich Kästner
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Hermann Hesse
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Stefan George
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Alfred Döblin
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:Elias Canetti
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Hermann Broch
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Thomas Brasch
1880:
1878:
1877:Heinrich Böll
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1826:Ludwig Uhland
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:Theodor Storm
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:Wilhelm Raabe
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:Eduard Mörike
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:Georg Herwegh
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:Wilhelm Grimm
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:Georg Büchner
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1563:Georg Wickram
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1358:Exilliteratur
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1144:9781611476361
1140:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1095:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1051:3-931135-18-7
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1032:1-870352-85-8
1028:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1009:3-518-10294-X
1005:
1001:
997:
996:Tankred Dorst
993:
992:
971:
967:
961:
955:
954:1-84002-195-0
951:
947:
941:
934:
933:Forever China
928:
919:
904:
900:
893:
878:
872:
868:
867:
862:
855:
848:
847:
840:
838:
830:
829:1-84002-195-0
826:
822:
816:
808:
802:
797:
796:
787:
772:
768:
761:
753:
751:9780820486062
747:
743:
742:
734:
725:
716:
707:
691:
690:
683:
681:
679:
663:
657:
653:
652:
647:
640:
636:
625:
621:
618:
615:
611:
610:Tankred Dorst
608:is a play by
607:
604:
601:
597:
593:
590:
589:
585:'s 2017 film
584:
583:Paul Schrader
581:
578:
574:
573:
572:All That I Am
568:
564:
561:
557:
554:has reworked
553:
549:
548:
542:
539:
537:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
504:autobiography
501:
498:
497:
496:
495:After exile:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
474:
473:
469:
466:
462:
458:
457:The Red Laugh
454:
451:
448:
444:
443:
439:
436:
432:
431:
427:
424:
420:
419:
415:
414:
410:
409:No More Peace
406:
401:
392:
390:
389:
384:
379:
375:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
346:
342:
341:No More Peace
338:
328:
326:
322:
318:
317:
311:
309:
308:hunger strike
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
226:
225:Fritz Kortner
222:
217:
210:
205:
201:
199:
195:
191:
190:Western Front
186:
184:
180:
170:
167:
162:
160:
156:
155:Expressionist
152:
145:
140:
131:
121:
117:
113:
109:
97:
93:
88:
84:
81:
78:
72:
69:
66:
60:
54:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2571:Kleist Prize
2561:Goethe Prize
2518:Peter Handke
2513:Herta Müller
2503:Günter Grass
2375:Ingo Schulze
2370:Rafik Schami
2345:Herta Müller
2340:Terézia Mora
2330:Monika Maron
2280:Peter Handke
2246:Contemporary
2237:Stefan Zweig
2227:Christa Wolf
2222:Franz Werfel
2192:Ernst Toller
2191:
2182:Anna Seghers
2177:W. G. Sebald
2127:Robert Musil
2122:Adolf Muschg
2112:Erich Mühsam
2072:Kurd Laßwitz
2047:Sarah Kirsch
2042:Irmgard Keun
2022:Ernst Jünger
2007:Peter Huchel
2002:Ricarda Huch
1972:Peter Handke
1967:Günter Grass
1887:Volker Braun
1852:Hermann Bahr
1835:20th century
1821:Ludwig Tieck
1654:19th century
1572:18th century
1543:Martin Opitz
1513:Paul Fleming
1501:Early modern
1489:
1230:Find a Grave
1226:Ernst Toller
1220:Ernst Toller
1213:
1198:
1186:
1164:
1148:
1133:
1116:
1081:
1060:
1041:
1020:
999:
974:. Retrieved
969:
960:
945:
940:
932:
927:
918:
906:. Retrieved
902:
892:
880:. Retrieved
865:
854:
845:
831:. pp. 17, 31
820:
815:
794:
786:
774:. Retrieved
770:
760:
740:
733:
724:
715:
706:
694:. Retrieved
689:Ernst Toller
688:
665:. Retrieved
650:
639:
619:
605:
586:
570:
559:
555:
552:Torben Betts
540:
533:
527:
521:
515:
509:
499:
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
460:
456:
452:
446:
440:
435:Masse Mensch
434:
428:
423:Die Wandlung
422:
416:
408:
388:Another Time
386:
381:
377:
372:Robert Payne
369:
350:
340:
336:
334:
320:
314:
312:
281:
273:Eugen Leviné
230:
220:
198:Die Wandlung
197:
193:
187:
176:
163:
151:Ernst Toller
150:
149:
124:(1939-05-22)
80:Eugen Leviné
75:Succeeded by
67:
52:
25:Ernst Toller
18:
2612:1939 deaths
2602:1893 births
2488:Nelly Sachs
2478:Thomas Mann
2395:Yoko Tawada
2380:Lutz Seiler
2255:Zsuzsa Bánk
2217:Peter Weiss
2197:Georg Trakl
2147:Nelly Sachs
2142:Joseph Roth
2097:Thomas Mann
2027:Franz Kafka
2017:Uwe Johnson
2012:Ernst Jandl
1952:Erich Fried
1721:Jacob Grimm
1343:Romanticism
976:6 September
882:6 September
776:30 December
696:17 February
667:6 September
624:Peter Zadek
577:Anna Funder
558:; his play
506:, Amsterdam
383:W. H. Auden
288:Thomas Mann
122:22 May 1939
63:Preceded by
2596:Categories
2463:Paul Heyse
2410:Jan Wagner
2092:Klaus Mann
2077:Gert Ledig
2062:Karl Kraus
1987:Georg Heym
1957:Max Frisch
1922:Paul Celan
1857:Vicki Baum
1756:Paul Heyse
1548:Hans Sachs
1508:Simon Dach
1210:Faded Page
1086:. London.
1070:0873953932
863:) (1980).
806:1870352858
648:) (1980).
631:References
594:A poem of
465:Brokenbrow
430:Masses Man
353:depression
292:Stadelheim
253:Franz Lipp
235:, such as
233:anarchists
179:Samotschin
108:Samotschin
101:1893-12-01
1630:Jean Paul
1518:Hans Folz
1430:Minnesang
1199:Red Yucca
1102:cite book
556:Hinkemann
545:Influence
453:Hinkemann
296:Eichstätt
284:Max Weber
277:Freikorps
237:B. Traven
209:Max Weber
114:, Germany
53:In office
2435:Juli Zeh
2400:Uwe Timm
1842:May Ayim
1786:Karl May
1423:Medieval
998:(1968).
908:22 April
479:) (1927)
449:) (1922)
437:) (1921)
425:) (1919)
391:(1940).
183:Szamocin
2248:writers
1624:Novalis
1241:of the
1237:in the
1175:at the
989:Sources
620:Rotmord
361:suicide
265:Bamberg
1141:
1090:
1067:
1048:
1029:
1006:
1000:Toller
952:
873:
827:
803:
748:
658:
614:Leviné
606:Toller
560:Broken
485:(1930)
1154:Ebook
395:Works
166:Nazis
112:Posen
1139:ISBN
1108:link
1088:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1046:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1004:ISBN
978:2020
950:ISBN
910:2009
884:2020
871:ISBN
825:ISBN
801:ISBN
778:2021
746:ISBN
698:2012
669:2020
656:ISBN
459:and
286:and
239:and
119:Died
95:Born
1243:ZBW
1228:at
1208:at
575:by
279:.
2598::
1197:.
1185:.
1163:.
1147:.
1104:}}
1100:{{
968:.
901:.
836:^
769:.
677:^
310:.
110:,
1271:e
1264:t
1257:v
1216:)
1189:.
1167:.
1156:)
1152:(
1110:)
1096:.
1073:.
1054:.
1035:.
1012:.
980:.
912:.
886:.
809:.
780:.
754:.
700:.
671:.
598:(
579:.
475:(
445:(
433:(
421:(
319:(
196:(
103:)
99:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
