484:(SCAF). It had always been the head of state who controlled Egyptian politics, rather than the head of government. Sharaf's cabinet was laden with remnants of the Mubarak era, ministers he was still incapable of moving without SCAF support. As the transitional period appeared to expand, the demands became even more aggressive and he was accused from not doing enough to being inactive and complacent and even to the point of being anti-revolution. The transitional government and the SCAF were neither intended as a true wide-scale legislative body, nor was it imbued with the popular mandate to enact macroeconomic and major political "decisions" and "policy making," beyond the deconstruction of the Mubarak state, managing the country during the transition while restoring security on the streets, and working on establishing the constitution and/or government that would lead Egypt into its Second Republic. But instead, Sharaf and SCAF engaged in debates and policy-making on far-reaching matters such as the minimum wage, progressive taxation and even recently somewhat discussing the terms of Camp David Accords, not with the acceptable purpose of stimulating discussion for future governments, but for the actual sake of immediate legislating. Additionally, as reports came out that the SCAF had refused the resignation of unpopular ministers in the cabinet, including Sharaf himself as many as eight times, Sharaf's leadership was largely viewed as a cabinet with a ceremonial role, acting solely on SCAF's mandates rather than having any true independent executive power.
582:, that cannot be amended. The drafted paper was controversial for two different sets of reasons for the different political parties; For the right-wing Islamist parties, they feared for relinquishing any control of the powers of the next parliament including full power for forming the drafting convention who will write up the constitution, in addition to giving the army the power to "preserve the country's form of democracy", which was too vague for the Islamist parties and appeared as opening the way for the power of the army to legally oust an elected parliament or government if its tendencies didn't meet the army's approval. As for the liberal and left-wing parties who were mostly content with the army's proposed new role, had other fears that the army is placing itself outside of the parliament's reach by giving itself full autonomy over the military budget, barring its military sales and deals from elected officials and even mandating the power of declaring war by the army's military council rather than the parliament. A final decision on the drafted law is yet to be taken, as the political appear divided over their stances, and despite outcries, Dr ElSelmy has stated that the document remains on the table.
428:, dissolved the unpopular and corrupt local and municipal councils, and enacted a series of decisions and policies that were met with fanfare. Even on the personal level, he was a media and street darling. He was even pictured with Egyptians eating the cheap Egyptian national dish "Fuul" (fava beans) in a simple restaurant with his family, his son paid a traffic ticket rather than evading it as he could have, and other similar stories of a simple and humble demeanor flooded the social networks and street talk. He was later blamed for failure to properly address a number of incidents that are crucial to national security such as the worsening security issues, reforming the security apparatus, sectarian violence, solving workers' pay grievances or reforming corrupt national media. His government had mandated a number of laws that were controversial, such as Anti-assembly and Anti-strike laws.
591:
in the square due to the lack of financial or moral support from the government. Some liberal and leftist movements symbolically joined the sit-in. The following day, the security forces attacked the protesters in an attempt to break up the sit-in. News and images circulating through social media showed the police attempt to be excessively violent. As more and more activists joined the protesters, violence erupted once again in the square. For the following five days, the violence continued with images every day showing police shooting at protesters, usage of tear gas that had left at least 41 dead and as many as 1,000 injured with gunshot wounds or tear gas suffocation. Activists seemed surprised by the return of violence by the police forces and scores of citizens joined them in the streets by the images of the violence, which many have dubbed "The true second revolution".
565:
later revealed by a member of his advisory committee who had resigned after the incident, that it was suggested to him to deal with the grievances put forward by
Egyptian Copts as well as human rights and civil liberties activists to prevent escalation, which included sacking the Aswan governor, who commended the individuals who tore down the "illegal" church building as well as encouraging the attackers instead for calling for their trial. During the incident, the National TV was blamed to incite the public against the Coptic community even to the point of imploring "good" citizens to "save" the security forces against the violent "Coptic" demonstrators. The protest which began as a unity march by largely coptic protesters and some Muslims, turned into full-scale riots.
368:
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factories suspended from work in order to prevent leakage of employment. Ministry of
Finance announced a tax reform package soon to support the wage policies and the reform of wage structure of the main priorities of the government in the current stage. The Investment Authority launches a new package of concessions designed to encourage investors and attract new investments to Egypt during the coming period which was approved by the Prime Minister on the investment projects of the Egyptians working in Saudi Arabia.
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unable to defuse the situation. In an attempt to calm the public, Sharaf turned to protesters, asking them to leave the square to allow normality without addressing grievances that excessive force was used in breaking up the sit-in. With the inability to control the violence, the cabinet's failure to react and stop the violence by the police or convince the protesters to calm down. With the minister of interior,
43:
532:
During his term, The
Cabinet approved the draft decree-law to open an additional appropriation in the State budget for the current financial year 2010/2011 is estimated ten billion pounds to face additional requirements to support the supply of goods. He issued a decree establishing a fund to finance
590:
After a massive demonstration in Tahrir Square on 18 November 2011 by mostly
Islamist parties in refusal for what's been known to the media as the "ElSelmy Document", families of those who died or were injured in the course of violence of the police during the revolution decided to organize a sit-in
546:
which resulted in
Ethiopia announcing "new page" with Egypt on the Nile to ask a different kind of dialogue and cooperation, away from the previous round, which saw a tension between the two countries on the rights and uses in the waters of the Nile. Sharaf visited Sudan and agreed during this visit
594:
During the outburst of the worst clashes violence since
January, Sharaf again failed to address the problem directly and was unable to control or stop the aggression of security forces on the protesters. With the scores of dead and injured protesters, he along with the Minister of Interior appeared
560:
over what was later revealed as the kidnapping of a
Christian woman who had left her Christian husband and embraced Islam and married a Muslim man. It was told that she was held against her will and her Muslim husband had gathered a number of other men and went to the church demanding her release.
577:
came under fire from almost all of the political forces due to a law draft that provides a framework for the much anticipated constitution, aiming at preserving civil liberties and a democratic form of government. The articles in the paper were to be binding in the drafting of the constitution as
564:
During violence that erupted in
October 2011 near the National TV Building, known as the Maspiro Incident, Sharaf failed to resolve demonstrations that left at least 24 dead. Prior to the incident, there were protests in Cairo against an attack on a church in Aswan province a week earlier. It was
497:
Sharaf's greatest problem appeared to be reforming the country's security apparatus, which appeared to be more complex of a task that will require more time than what was demanded by the people. Although, he removed as many as 300 high-ranking officers, his greatest challenge was to dismantle the
541:
During his term, Sharaf created a new office: the deputy foreign minister for
African affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in order to support the political atmosphere in Egypt to expand cooperation with African countries in various fields in an attempt to cure problems and tension in the
472:, a leader of the liberal Wafd party, as deputy prime ministers on 17 July 2011. Beblawi, a former undersecretary of the UN's Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, was assigned the economic policy in the new cabinet, while El Selmy was assigned the country's "democratic transition".
423:
in the post. Although Sharaf was suggested for the premiership by the crowds in Tahrir square, by the end of his term it was largely viewed as anti-revolutionary. During the first couple of months, he removed some very unpopular members of his cabinet, including
Foreign Minister
410:
leader. In his speech he said "I draw my legitimacy from you" and reiterated his commitment to democratic transition, but pleaded for patience. It is noted that he is the first Egyptian prime minister to give a monthly State-of-the-Union address (since Aziz Sedki 1972-1973).
510:
in his cabinet shuffle, with a role to reform and reorganize the corrupt and the largely controlled state-media. However, Ossama came under heavy fire from activists and private media for his not-so-different coverage of different issues including the deadly
331:
He joined the National Democratic Party and became a member of its policy secretariat. He served as Egyptian minister of transportation from 13 July 2004 to 31 December 2005. He resigned due to differences that cropped up between him and Prime Minister
401:
to form a government on 3 March 2011, following Shafik's resignation. On 4 March, he addressed crowds of pro-democracy activists at Tahrir Square shortly after Friday prayers, an unusual move for an Egyptian politician. Sharaf appeared on stage with
459:
Under the pressure of sit-ins in Tahrir Square calling for speedier reforms, he was forced to shuffle his cabinet accepting as many as four resignation from ministers associated with the pre-revolution era, including his deputy renowned lawmaker,
299:
Sharaf took a post as a visiting assistant professor at Purdue in 1984 before becoming assistant professor of highway and traffic engineering at Cairo University the following year. In 1990, he was an assistant professor of civil engineering at
1744:
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1709:
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During his term, a number of sectarian incidents flared up and he was largely seen as unable to respond. A number of churches were burned down, including a major incident in a Cairo neighborhood in May 2011,
2720:
523:
During his tenure, the first trade union for farmers in Egypt was established and he participated in the formal opening of the first conference to be held in order to encourage farmers to join the union.
336:. Nazif decided to put the Egypt Engineers Association under state control, a move that meant confiscation of union funds and property by the government. Sharaf later claimed that these events led to the
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notorious and deeply entrenched State Security apparatus. But activists later claimed that same tactics were used against them and claimed that the only change was its name to "National Security".
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599:, appearing on an interview on National Television saying that he'd relinquished control of the security forces to an army general for the last two days, and the ministry of culture,
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308:. He returned to Cairo University in 1991, becoming a professor of highway engineering in 1996 while working as senior advisor for the transportation and aviation department in
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390:, which endeared him to the leaders of the democracy movement and led them to suggest his name to the Military Council as a possible replacement for Prime Minister
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that Sudan was to plant 100 thousand acres in the Sudan as a first stage up to one million acres, to achieve food security for both Egypt and Sudan.
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regime, particularly with respect to its handling of Egypt's public transportation infrastructure. During this time he also served as an advisor to
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resigning, it appeared that the cabinet was falling apart and this last outburst of violence was the final nail in Sharaf's premiership's coffin.
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was to be named. Officially, his last day as Prime minister was on 2 December 2011, when Ganzouri's cabinet negotiations were concluded.
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Unable to withstand the pressure, he submitted his resignation to SCAF on 21 November 2011, just 6 days ahead of the much anticipated
343:
Following his resignation, Sharaf returned to academia, accepting a post at Cairo University, where he remained a vocal critic of the
320:. Sharaf was the senior advisor to the Egyptian minister of transport in 1999 and the senior technical advisor to the municipality of
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615:. The resignation was accepted the next day but his cabinet continued in a caretaker capacity until his successor, later revealed as
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The State Encouragemental Prize in Engineering Sciences from the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology in 1987 and 1997
1019:
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During the first formation of the cabinet, he removed some very unpopular members of his cabinet, including Foreign Minister
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Sharaf was appointed prime minister on 3 March 2011, being the first post-revolution premier of Egypt and replaced
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As time progressed, it became apparent to Sharaf and the Egyptian public that full power resides in the
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Although initially abolishing the Ministry of Media in his first cabinet, he appointed a new minister,
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headed a government in rebellion, July–September 1882, beginning during Raghib's term
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Cairo University Incentive Award for Scientific Excellence in Engineering in 1997
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The situation escalated into gunshots and later into the burning of the church.
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1938:
Granted Cabinet-level rank although not automatically part of the Cabinet.
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During the final two months of his term, he along with his deputy, Dr.
207:
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2413:
1338:
Essam Sharaf, Egypt's new prime minister, rouses Tahrir Square crowds
1330:
4329:
3746:
1318:
543:
1254:"Egypt's cabinet resigns, army council seeking new prime minister"
3961:
3921:
3877:
National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces
3416:
714:"Meet Essam Sharaf: Egypt's first post-revolution Prime Minister"
627:
Sharaf is noted for strongly opposing normalization of ties with
2147:
3956:
3766:
3378:
1308:
Meet Essam Sharaf: Egypt's first post-revolution Prime Minister
628:
557:
321:
313:
3579:
568:
2989:
2383:
1987:
1978:
351:, and established the Egypt Scientific Society together with
853:"Factbox: Essam Sharaf chosen as Egypt's new prime minister"
647:
First Class Medal of Excellence from the President of Egypt
635:
to be a prerequisite to cooperation between the two states.
268:
176:
1120:"Meeting Essam Sharaf: Time for Truth and Reconciliation?"
931:"le Premier ministre remplacé, satisfaction des opposants"
448:
but retaining many ministers of the last cabinet such as
325:
676:
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport in the UK
1740:
Ministry of Scientific Research, Science and Technology
685:
in the Celebration of Scientists Day in 1988 and 1998
456:, Minister of Planning and International Cooperation.
3897:
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
1480:
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology
711:
1520:
Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Development
794:
Gamal Essam El Din (29 September – 5 October 2005).
255:from 3 March 2011 to 7 December 2011. He served as
1730:Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation
793:
657:Egyptian State Prize in Engineering Sciences, 1997
1224:"Egyptian Minister of Culture resigns in protest"
251:; born 1952) is an Egyptian academic who was the
4762:
1012:"New Egypt PM addresses crowds in Tahrir Square"
981:
4801:Purdue University College of Engineering alumni
2640:
1042:"Profile: Egyptian Prime Minister Essam Sharaf"
444:and minister of Social Solidarity and Justice,
1785:Permanent Representative to the United Nations
1725:Ministry of Petroleum and Metallurgical Wealth
1310:, Ahmed Elieba and Marwa Hussein, 3 March 2011
585:
283:where he continued his studies, receiving his
4826:National Democratic Party (Egypt) politicians
3595:
2626:
1961:
1500:Ministry of State for the Environment Affairs
1401:
1314:Profile: Egyptian Prime Minister Essam Sharaf
984:"Bowing to opposition, Egypt premier resigns"
961:"Egypt's prime minister Ahmed Shafiq resigns"
1467:Minister of Agriculture and Land Reclamation
1006:
1004:
2761:2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt
1415:
748:"Purdue University Profile of Essam Sharaf"
569:Unamendable Constitution Articles Draft Law
542:Egyptian-African relations. Sharaf visited
475:
262:
3602:
3588:
2633:
2619:
1968:
1954:
1814:Mohamed Abdalla Mohamed Abdel Menim Ghorab
1765:Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation
1490:Ministry of Education and Higher Education
1408:
1394:
41:
4831:People of the Egyptian revolution of 2011
4821:Egyptian expatriates in the United States
1745:Ministry of Social Solidarity and Justice
1720:Ministry of State for Military Production
1471:Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs
1001:
953:
937:(in French). 3 March 2011. Archived from
3364:Coalition of the Youth of the Revolution
1735:Ministry of Religious Endowments (Awqaf)
1246:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
366:
1934:Remained from previous administration.
1710:Ministry of State for Local Development
1034:
905:"Essam Sharaf appointed Egypt's new PM"
761:
707:
705:
613:2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election
125:1 June 2004 – 15 December 2005
70:3 March 2011 – 7 December 2011
4816:Academic staff of King Saud University
4763:
2581:
1806:Ahmed Hassan El-Boraei Ahmed Al-Boraei
845:
246:
4786:21st-century prime ministers of Egypt
3583:
2614:
1949:
1389:
1326:Sharaf - the post revolution Minister
770:"Essam Sharaf: Science revolutionary"
767:
731:
660:Excellence Award in Engineering from
631:. He considers the resolution of the
550:
464:. Sharaf appointed veteran economist
452:, minister of Electricity and Power,
382:Sharaf was present and active at the
349:Dubai's Roads and Transport Authority
248:[ʕeˈsˤɑːmʕæbdelʕæˈziːzˈʃɑɾɑf]
3887:Syrian Revolution General Commission
2736:Human rights in Egypt under the SCAF
2559:
768:Yahia, Mohammed (22 December 2011).
702:
1800:Mohamed Abdel Aziz Ibrahim El-Gendy
527:
482:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
236:
13:
4811:Academic staff of Cairo University
3937:Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
3852:Society for Development and Change
2583:
2569:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
1715:Ministry of Manpower and Migration
1580:Emad Badr El-Din Mahmoud Abu Ghazy
1495:Ministry of Electricity and Energy
1230:. 20 November 2011. Archived from
622:
536:
492:
399:Egypt's governing military council
14:
4847:
2726:Muslim Brotherhood (post-Mubarak)
1515:Ministry of Health and Population
1301:
982:Neil MacFarquhar (3 March 2011).
4745:
4744:
2784:2011–2012 parliamentary election
2591:
2561:
1977:
1070:. 6 October 2011. Archived from
879:"Egypt's prime minister resigns"
518:
487:
4538:Libyan civil war (2011–present)
3917:Constitutional Democratic Rally
3782:National Association for Change
3609:
3407:National Association for Change
2754:2011 Constitutional Declaration
2744:Constitutional review committee
1822:Abd Alla Al-Husseni Ahmed Helal
1272:
1216:
1190:
1164:
1138:
1112:
1086:
1056:
975:
690:National Academy of Engineering
501:
359:and other Egyptian scientists.
4188:Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
2914:2014 constitutional referendum
2828:2012 constitutional referendum
2749:2011 constitutional referendum
2571:
1803:Mohsen El-Nomani Mohamed Hafez
1755:Ministry of Trade and Industry
1018:. 4 March 2011. Archived from
923:
897:
871:
822:
787:
681:Certificate of Merit from the
606:
414:
373:President of the United States
362:
16:Prime Minister of Egypt (2011)
1:
3932:Tunisian General Labour Union
3822:National Transitional Council
3622:Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam
712:Ahmed Elieba; Marwa Hussein.
696:
271:in 1952. After receiving his
4836:Transport ministers of Egypt
4163:Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf
3861:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
2771:November 2011 Tahrir clashes
2731:Trials and judicial hearings
2690:Resignation of Hosni Mubarak
2593:
633:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
7:
4543:Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)
3752:February 14 Youth Coalition
2874:Republican Guard HQ clashes
2789:2012 Shura Council election
2642:Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
1625:Farouk Abd El Baky El Okdah
1510:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1280:"Sharaf Officially Resigns"
586:Revolution victims incident
174:1952 (age 71–72)
10:
4852:
3201:Reda Mahmoud Hafez Mohamed
2926:2014 presidential election
2879:August 2013 Rabaa massacre
2869:2013–2014 post-coup unrest
2794:2012 presidential election
1775:Minister without portfolio
1760:Ministry of Transportation
1475:Ministry of Civil Aviation
1198:"Violent Clashes in Cairo"
830:"Essam Sharaf's biography"
431:
275:in civil engineering from
257:Minister of Transportation
113:Minister of Transportation
4740:
4681:
4650:
4592:
4551:
4383:
3980:
3967:General People's Congress
3947:Alliance of Yemeni Tribes
3787:National Democratic Party
3736:
3630:
3617:
3491:
3443:Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh
3425:
3356:
3308:
3275:
3252:
3243:
3214:
3175:
3166:
3118:
3075:
3052:
3043:
3021:
2988:
2981:
2934:
2858:
2804:
2710:
2669:
2662:
2648:
2552:
2382:
2197:
2157:
2112:
1999:
1932:
1843:Atef Abdel Hamid Moustafa
1427:
1374:
1365:
1357:
1352:
638:
294:
237:
222:
206:
191:National Democratic Party
186:
170:
165:
161:
151:
141:
129:
118:
111:
99:
87:
74:
63:
56:
52:
40:
32:
30:
23:
4625:death of Muammar Gaddafi
4013:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
3988:Women in the Arab Spring
3817:National Liberation Army
3797:Revolutionary Socialists
3792:National Salvation Front
3412:Muslim Brotherhood Youth
3384:Revolutionary Socialists
1615:Mohamed Fathy El-Baradei
1585:Ahmed Gamal Eddin Moussa
476:Executive power struggle
442:Mounir Fakhry Abdel Nour
310:Zuhair Fayez Partnership
263:Early life and education
31:
4796:Cairo University alumni
4594:International reactions
4355:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani
4278:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
4158:Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz
4048:Mohamed Hussein Tantawy
3892:Syrian National Council
3842:Women to drive movement
3206:Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen
3008:Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque
2700:International reactions
1834:Monir Fakhry Abdel Nour
1368:Prime Minister of Egypt
667:Man of the Year Award (
253:Prime Minister of Egypt
229:Essam Abdel-Aziz Sharaf
79:Mohamed Hussein Tantawi
58:Prime Minister of Egypt
4375:Mohammed Ali al-Houthi
4233:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
3832:February 25th Movement
3762:April 6 Youth Movement
3374:April 6 Youth Movement
3369:We are all Khaled Said
2899:December 2013 Mansoura
2776:Port Said Stadium riot
2766:Maspero demonstrations
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
671:Award), Beirut in 2006
379:
4620:military intervention
4370:Abdul-Malik al-Houthi
4345:Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
4325:United Arab Emirates:
4133:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
2964:2014 Taba bus bombing
2150:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2118:
1846:Hussien Ehsan Al-Atfy
1561:Ayman Farid Abu-Hadid
1531:Central Bank of Egypt
796:"Reshuffle postponed"
370:
338:Qalyoub rail accident
4268:Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
4073:Khaled Mohamed Saeed
3998:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
2969:October 2014 attacks
2823:Constituent Assembly
1700:Ministry of Interior
1537:Suez Canal Authority
1457:Vice Prime Ministers
1172:"Sectarian Violence"
386:protests during the
302:King Saud University
279:in 1975, he went to
4360:Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar
4293:Rashid al-Ghannushi
4248:Wael Nader al-Halqi
4138:Mustafa Abdul-Jelil
4028:Ali Jawad al-Sheikh
3301:(Interior Minister)
3111:(Interior Minister)
2949:August 2011 attacks
1750:Ministry of Tourism
1705:Ministry of Justice
1505:Ministry of Finance
1485:Ministry of Culture
1094:"Cabinet Reshuffle"
1044:. BBC. 7 March 2011
963:. BBC. 3 March 2011
267:Sharaf was born in
259:from 2004 to 2005.
238:عصام عبد العزيز شرف
4806:Egyptian engineers
4666:domestic responses
4651:Domestic reactions
4340:Ali Abdullah Saleh
4283:Mohamed Ghannouchi
3772:Muslim Brotherhood
3559:Maikel Nabil Sanad
3554:Israa Abdel Fattah
3539:Alaa Abd El-Fattah
3519:Hossam el-Hamalawy
3426:Opposition figures
3389:Strong Egypt Party
3299:Ahmed Gamal el-Din
3295:(Foreign Minister)
3232:(Foreign Minister)
3144:Ahmad Fathi Sorour
3105:(Foreign Minister)
3013:6th October Bridge
3003:Qasr El Nil Bridge
2954:August 2012 attack
2904:January 2014 Cairo
2845:June 2013 protests
2840:2012–2013 protests
2695:Domestic responses
2680:Revolution of 2011
2159:Sultanate of Egypt
2152:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2001:Khedivate of Egypt
1860:Maged A. Abdelaziz
1829:Gouda Abdel Khalek
1818:Faiza Abou el-Naga
1353:Political offices
1260:. 21 November 2011
1204:. 23 November 2011
1074:on 5 November 2011
1064:"Egypt Transition"
988:The New York Times
774:Nature Middle East
664:, America in 2005
580:entrenched clauses
551:Sectarian violence
446:Gouda Abdel Khalek
408:Muslim Brotherhood
380:
4758:
4757:
4303:Beji Caid Essebsi
4243:Riyad Farid Hijab
4083:Mohamed ElBaradei
3631:Events by country
3577:
3576:
3433:Mohamed ElBaradei
3399:Zamalek’s Ultras
3357:Opposition groups
3352:
3351:
3319:Khairat el-Shater
3293:Mohamed Kamel Amr
3285:(Prime Minister,
3239:
3238:
3230:Mohamed Kamel Amr
3162:
3161:
3103:Ahmed Aboul Gheit
3095:(Prime Minister,
3085:(Prime Minister,
3039:
3038:
2977:
2976:
2919:2014 Constitution
2889:Battle of Kerdasa
2833:2012 Constitution
2608:
2607:
2384:Republic of Egypt
1943:
1942:
1936:Below blank line:
1927:
1926:
1796:Mansour el-Essawy
1605:Mohamed Kamel Amr
1384:
1383:
1375:Succeeded by
1286:. 2 December 2011
1178:. 10 October 2011
1152:. 10 October 2011
662:Purdue University
597:Mansour el-Essawy
353:Mohamed ElBaradei
281:Purdue University
226:
225:
217:Purdue University
202:
195:
83:
4843:
4791:People from Giza
4781:Egyptian Muslims
4748:
4747:
4313:Mohamed Bouazizi
4218:Hassan al-Turabi
4193:Khaled al-Johani
4148:Mohammed Nabbous
4113:Marouf al-Bakhit
4108:King Abdullah II
3907:Foreign fighters
3882:Free Syrian Army
3870:National Command
3865:Regional Command
3604:
3597:
3590:
3581:
3580:
3483:Hisham Bastawisy
3268:(Vice President)
3250:
3249:
3226:(Prime Minister)
3185:Muhammad Tantawi
3173:
3172:
3149:Safwat El-Sherif
3068:(Vice President)
3050:
3049:
2986:
2985:
2936:Sinai insurgency
2884:Kerdasa massacre
2850:2013 coup d'état
2667:
2666:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2597:
2587:
2575:
2565:
2199:Kingdom of Egypt
1982:
1981:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1914:
1851:
1825:Amr Ezzat Salama
1771:
1684:
1643:
1621:
1557:Hazem El Beblawi
1535:Chairman of the
1526:
1463:
1430:
1429:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1358:Preceded by
1350:
1349:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1284:Al Masry Al Youm
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1150:Daily News Egypt
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1008:
999:
998:
996:
994:
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
957:
951:
950:
948:
946:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
901:
895:
894:
892:
890:
875:
869:
868:
866:
864:
849:
843:
841:
839:
837:
826:
820:
819:
817:
815:
806:. Archived from
791:
785:
784:
782:
780:
765:
759:
758:
756:
754:
744:
729:
728:
726:
724:
709:
683:Cairo University
528:Financial reform
513:Maspiro Incident
397:He was asked by
287:in 1980 and his
277:Cairo University
250:
245:
241:
239:
213:Cairo University
200:
193:
181:Kingdom of Egypt
166:Personal details
154:
144:
132:
123:
102:
90:
81:
68:
45:
34:
21:
20:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4736:
4677:
4646:
4588:
4547:
4463:Iraqi Kurdistan
4393:Occupy movement
4379:
4350:Tawakkol Karman
4288:Moncef Marzouki
4258:Burhan Ghalioun
4228:Bashar al-Assad
4198:Manal al-Sharif
4128:Muammar Gaddafi
3976:
3732:
3626:
3613:
3608:
3578:
3573:
3487:
3421:
3348:
3339:Mohamed Beltagy
3334:Saad El-Katatni
3304:
3271:
3245:
3235:
3210:
3191:Sami Hafez Anan
3168:
3158:
3114:
3071:
3045:
3035:
3017:
2973:
2959:Operation Sinai
2944:Operation Eagle
2930:
2910:Reform process
2854:
2819:Reform process
2800:
2740:Reform process
2706:
2658:
2644:
2639:
2609:
2604:
2548:
2474:A. F. Mohieddin
2386:
2378:
2201:
2193:
2161:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2110:
2003:
1995:
1984:Prime ministers
1976:
1974:
1944:
1939:
1928:
1923:
1912:
1864:
1849:
1839:Samir El-Sayiad
1789:
1769:
1693:
1682:
1649:2011-March 2011
1641:
1632:
1629:Ahmed Ali Fadel
1619:
1541:
1524:
1461:
1423:
1414:
1380:
1371:
1363:
1304:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1022:on 18 June 2011
1016:Hindustan Times
1010:
1009:
1002:
992:
990:
980:
976:
966:
964:
959:
958:
954:
944:
942:
941:on 7 March 2011
929:
928:
924:
914:
912:
903:
902:
898:
888:
886:
877:
876:
872:
862:
860:
851:
850:
846:
835:
833:
828:
827:
823:
813:
811:
800:Al Ahram Weekly
792:
788:
778:
776:
766:
762:
752:
750:
746:
745:
732:
722:
720:
710:
703:
699:
641:
625:
623:Political views
609:
588:
571:
553:
539:
537:Foreign affairs
530:
521:
504:
495:
493:Security reform
490:
478:
454:Fayza AboulNaga
438:Ahmed AbulGheit
434:
426:Ahmed AbulGheit
417:
404:Mohamed Beltagy
388:2011 Revolution
365:
297:
265:
243:
215:
196:
187:Political party
175:
157:Mohamed Mansour
152:
147:Hamdy El Shayeb
142:
130:
124:
119:
100:
88:
69:
64:
48:
36:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4849:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4660:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4553:
4552:UN Resolutions
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4528:United Kingdom
4525:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4365:Sadiq al-Ahmar
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4263:Moaz al-Khatib
4260:
4255:
4253:Maher al-Assad
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4213:Omar al-Bashir
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4178:Abbas El Fassi
4175:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4101:
4100:
4098:Bassem Youssef
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4068:Kamal Ganzouri
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4018:Hasan Mushaima
4015:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3991:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3981:Notable people
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3902:Hizb ut-Tahrir
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3769:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3723:Western Sahara
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3584:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3448:Bothaina Kamel
3445:
3440:
3438:Hamdeen Sabahi
3435:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3396:
3394:Al-Ahly Ultras
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:Essam el-Erian
3326:
3324:Mohammed Badie
3321:
3315:
3313:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3256:
3254:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3227:
3224:Kamal Ganzouri
3220:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3181:
3179:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3090:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3056:
3054:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2865:
2863:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2676:
2674:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2589:
2579:
2567:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:A. M. N. Sedky
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
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2387:(1953–present)
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1548:Yehia El-Gamal
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1378:Kamal Ganzouri
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1346:, 4 March 2011
1335:
1334:, 4 March 2011
1323:
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1311:
1303:
1302:External links
1300:
1298:
1297:
1271:
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1234:on 8 July 2012
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1126:. 15 July 2012
1111:
1100:. 17 July 2011
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911:. 3 March 2011
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885:. 3 March 2011
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859:. 3 March 2011
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832:. 6 March 2011
821:
810:on 28 May 2013
786:
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688:Member of the
686:
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674:Fellow of the
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617:Kamal Ganzouri
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601:Emad Abu Ghazi
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4308:Hamadi Jebali
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4298:Fouad Mebazaa
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4143:Mahmud Gebril
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4093:Hesham Qandil
4091:
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4088:Mohamed Morsi
4086:
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4069:
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4059:
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4043:Omar Suleiman
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4038:Hosni Mubarak
4036:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
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4003:Ahmed Ouyahia
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3109:Habib el-Adly
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1340:, Mark Tran,
1339:
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1021:
1017:
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1005:
989:
985:
978:
962:
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936:
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884:
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858:
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831:
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809:
805:
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771:
764:
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691:
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649:Hosni Mubarak
646:
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583:
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548:
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519:Social reform
516:
514:
509:
508:Ossama Heikal
499:
488:Policy reform
485:
483:
473:
471:
467:
466:Hazem Beblawi
463:
457:
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450:Hassan Younes
447:
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384:Tahrir square
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62:
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44:
39:
29:
22:
19:
4707:Saudi Arabia
4428:Burkina Faso
4336:
4324:
4274:
4224:
4209:
4203:Nimr al-Nimr
4184:
4169:
4154:
4124:
4104:
4078:Essam Sharaf
4077:
4058:Ahmed Shafik
4034:
4009:
3994:
3943:
3913:
3858:
3838:
3828:
3813:
3758:
3743:
3703:Saudi Arabia
3620:
3509:Mahmoud Badr
3504:Gigi Ibrahim
3478:Sameh Naguib
3463:Kamal Khalil
3453:George Ishak
3400:
3196:Mohab Mamish
3177:Armed Forces
3139:Zakaria Azmi
3093:Ahmed Shafik
2650:Part of the
2592:
2582:
2570:
2560:
2513:
2419:Z. Mohieddin
1935:
1855:Murad Muwafi
1610:Ashraf Hatem
1600:Samir Radwan
1595:Maged George
1575:Magued Osman
1552:Ali El Selmi
1550:(resigned);
1421:Essam Sharaf
1420:
1366:
1361:Ahmed Shafik
1343:The Guardian
1341:
1329:
1317:
1288:. Retrieved
1283:
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1257:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1232:the original
1227:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1201:
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1175:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1149:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1123:
1114:
1102:. Retrieved
1097:
1088:
1076:. Retrieved
1072:the original
1067:
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1036:
1024:. Retrieved
1020:the original
1015:
991:. Retrieved
987:
977:
965:. Retrieved
955:
943:. Retrieved
939:the original
934:
925:
913:. Retrieved
909:Ahram online
908:
899:
887:. Retrieved
882:
873:
861:. Retrieved
856:
847:
834:. Retrieved
824:
812:. Retrieved
808:the original
803:
799:
789:
777:. Retrieved
773:
763:
751:. Retrieved
721:. Retrieved
718:Ahram online
717:
669:Rafiq Hariri
626:
610:
593:
589:
572:
563:
554:
540:
531:
522:
505:
502:Media reform
496:
479:
470:Ali El Selmy
458:
435:
421:Ahmad Shafiq
418:
396:
392:Ahmed Shafik
381:
377:Barack Obama
371:Sharaf with
357:Ahmed Zewail
342:
330:
318:Saudi Arabia
306:Saudi Arabia
298:
266:
228:
227:
153:Succeeded by
120:
101:Succeeded by
94:Ahmed Shafik
65:
25:Essam Sharaf
18:
4771:1952 births
4407:Azerbaijan
4173:Mohammed VI
4155:Mauritania:
4118:Samir Rifai
4063:Wael Ghonim
4053:Ahmed Nazif
3829:Mauritania:
3802:Shayfeencom
3611:Arab Spring
3564:Ahmed Douma
3534:Nawara Negm
3524:Wael Khalil
3514:Ahmed Maher
3499:Wael Ghonim
3468:Kamal Abbas
3262:(President)
3083:Ahmed Nazif
3062:(President)
2656:Arab Winter
2652:Arab Spring
2314:Ahmad Maher
2202:(1922–1953)
2162:(1914–1922)
2004:(1878–1914)
1565:Zahi Hawass
1529:Governor -
1238:20 November
1208:23 November
842:(in Arabic)
607:Resignation
575:Ali ElSelmy
415:Premiership
363:2011 events
334:Ahmed Nazif
198:Independent
143:Preceded by
136:Ahmed Nazif
89:Preceded by
4765:Categories
4685:by country
4238:Adel Safar
4023:Ali Salman
3683:Mauritania
3529:Wael Abbas
3473:Ayman Nour
3458:Khaled Ali
3253:Presidency
3246:government
3187:(Chairman)
3169:government
3053:Presidency
3046:government
3031:Sidi Bishr
3023:Alexandria
2862:government
2808:government
2780:Elections
2714:government
2673:government
2219:Y. Ibrahim
1290:2 December
1258:Al Arabiya
1182:10 October
1156:10 October
1146:"Egypt PM"
1098:Al Jazeera
883:Al-Jazeera
814:20 October
697:References
208:Alma mater
4683:Timelines
4615:civil war
4516:2011–2012
3698:Palestine
3544:Mona Seif
3492:Activists
3134:Ahmed Ezz
2895:Bombings
2369:Aly Maher
2349:Aly Maher
2294:Aly Maher
2279:Aly Maher
2046:Elbaroudi
1331:Ikhwanweb
1124:Jadaliyya
1078:6 October
340:in 2006.
328:in 2003.
312:(ZFP) in
291:in 1984.
121:In office
75:President
66:In office
4750:Category
4498:Portugal
4473:Maldives
4330:UAE Five
4275:Tunisia:
4170:Morocco:
4010:Bahrain:
3995:Algeria:
3952:Al-Islah
3914:Tunisia:
3747:Al Wefaq
3744:Bahrain:
3648:Djibouti
2815:Timeline
2721:Timeline
2685:Timeline
2663:Timeline
2544:Madbouly
2519:Ganzouri
2494:Ganzouri
2439:A. Sedky
2414:A. Sabry
2329:Nokrashy
2319:Nokrashy
2299:H. Sabry
2269:A. Yahya
2224:Zaghloul
1319:BBC News
1228:ElYoum 7
1202:BBC News
1176:BBC News
1068:Carnegie
935:Euronews
651:in 1995
544:Ethiopia
82:(Acting)
33:عصام شرف
4692:Bahrain
4637:Tunisia
4602:Bahrain
4512:Turkey
4482:Mexico
4423:Belarus
4403:Armenia
4398:Albania
4105:Jordan:
3962:Houthis
3922:Ennahda
3718:Tunisia
3688:Morocco
3673:Lebanon
3643:Bahrain
3638:Algeria
3417:Tamarod
3312:figures
3287:Cabinet
3276:Cabinet
3216:Cabinet
3167:Tantawi
3122:figures
3097:Cabinet
3087:Cabinet
3076:Cabinet
3044:Mubarak
2860:Mansour
2712:Tantawi
2671:Mubarak
2566:interim
2529:Beblawi
2469:Mubarak
2424:Soliman
2289:Mahmoud
2249:Mahmoud
2016:Isma'il
1417:Cabinet
1264:5 March
1130:11 July
1104:17 July
1048:5 March
1026:4 March
993:3 March
967:3 March
945:3 March
915:3 March
889:3 March
863:3 March
857:Reuters
836:6 March
779:5 March
753:3 March
723:4 March
692:in 2020
678:in 2007
432:Cabinet
345:Mubarak
324:in the
285:MSc Eng
240:
35:
4662:Libya
4611:Libya
4559:65/265
4503:Russia
4468:Israel
4442:India
4438:Greece
4385:Impact
4337:Yemen:
4225:Syria:
4210:Sudan:
4125:Libya:
4035:Egypt:
3972:Hiraak
3957:Hashid
3944:Yemen:
3859:Syria:
3847:CDHRAP
3814:Libya:
3767:Kefaya
3759:Egypt:
3737:Groups
3668:Kuwait
3663:Jordan
3379:Kefaya
2982:Places
2601:period
2539:Ismail
2534:Mahlab
2524:Qandil
2514:Sharaf
2509:Shafik
2459:Khalil
2449:Hegazy
2429:Nasser
2409:Nasser
2404:Naguib
2399:Nasser
2394:Naguib
2374:Naguib
2364:Hilaly
2354:Hilaly
2274:Naseem
2239:Sarwat
2229:Zeiwar
2214:Naseem
2209:Sarwat
2184:Naseem
2169:Roshdy
2106:Roshdy
2076:Fakhry
2056:Sherif
2051:Raghib
2041:Sherif
2031:Tewfik
2026:Sherif
2021:Tewfik
1913:
1850:
1770:
1683:
1642:
1620:
1525:
1462:
1442:Office
1433:Office
639:Awards
629:Israel
558:Imbaba
322:Al Ain
314:Jeddah
295:Career
233:Arabic
4732:Egypt
4727:Libya
4722:Yemen
4717:Yemen
4712:Syria
4702:Libya
4697:Egypt
4673:Syria
4658:Egypt
4642:Yemen
4632:Syria
4607:Egypt
4508:Spain
4433:China
3728:Yemen
3713:Syria
3708:Sudan
3678:Libya
3653:Egypt
3244:Morsi
2990:Cairo
2806:Morsi
2577:Urabi
2556:Notes
2504:Nazif
2499:Ebeid
2484:Lotfy
2464:Sadat
2454:Salem
2444:Sadat
2434:Fawzi
2359:Sirri
2344:Nahas
2339:Sirri
2324:Sidky
2309:Nahas
2304:Sirri
2284:Nahas
2264:Sidky
2259:Nahas
2254:Yakan
2244:Nahas
2234:Yakan
2189:Yakan
2179:Wahba
2096:Ghaly
2091:Fahmi
2086:Nobar
2071:Fahmi
2061:Nobar
2011:Nobar
1988:Egypt
1781:Chief
1372:2011
4584:2016
4579:2014
4574:2009
4569:1973
4564:1970
4521:2013
4491:2012
4486:2011
4478:Mali
4458:Iran
4451:2012
4446:2011
4416:2013
4411:2011
3693:Oman
3658:Iraq
2654:and
2334:Hady
2174:Said
2101:Said
2081:Riaz
2066:Riaz
2036:Riaz
1992:List
1920:2011
1917:2011
1909:2011
1906:2011
1903:2011
1900:2011
1897:2005
1894:2011
1891:2011
1888:2011
1885:1999
1882:2011
1879:2005
1876:2006
1873:2011
1870:2011
1690:1996
1687:2011
1679:2011
1676:2011
1673:2011
1670:2011
1667:2004
1664:2011
1661:2011
1658:2011
1655:2011
1652:2011
1646:2011
1638:2011
1448:Term
1445:Name
1439:Term
1436:Name
1292:2011
1266:2013
1240:2011
1210:2011
1184:2011
1158:2011
1132:2014
1106:2011
1080:2011
1050:2013
1028:2011
995:2011
969:2011
947:2011
917:2011
891:2011
865:2011
838:2011
816:2013
781:2013
755:2011
725:2011
468:and
406:, a
269:Giza
244:IPA:
177:Giza
171:Born
3776:FJP
3310:FJP
3120:NDP
2599:UAR
2479:Aly
1986:of
1779:GID
1419:of
804:762
326:UAE
304:in
289:PhD
273:BSc
4767::
2594:^4
2584:^3
2572:^2
2562:^1
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