339:
man and couple of elderly woman who were standing soaking in water naked. They were screaming and crying while Abkhaz were dumping dead corpses on them. After that, they threw a grenade there and placed more people inside. I was forced again to kneel in front of the dead corpses. One of the soldiers took his knife and took the eye out from one of the dead near me. Then he started to rub my lips and face with that gouged eye. I could not take it any longer and fainted. They left me there in a pile of corpses.
488:О выявленных фактах политики этнической чистки/геноцида, проводимой на территории Абхазии, Грузия, и необходимости передачи виновных лиц в руки правосудия в соответствии с международными принципами надлежащего судебного процесса. заключение Гос. комис. Грузии по установлению фактов политики этнич. чистки-геноцида, проводимой в отношении груз. населения Абхазии, Грузия, и передаче материалов в Междунар. трибунал
376:
The separatists launched a reign of terror against the majority
Georgian population, although other nationalities also suffered. Chechens and other North Caucasians from the Russian Federation reportedly joined local Abkhaz troops in the commission of atrocities. ... Those fleeing Abkhazia made
338:
When Abkhaz entered my house, they took me and my seven year old son outside. After forcing us to kneel, they took my son and shot him right in front of me. After they grabbed me by the hair and took me to the nearby well. An Abkhaz soldier forced me to look down that well; there I saw three younger
333:
Placing their hopes on the ceasefire, a large number of civilians remained in the city. The separatists and their allies started to sweep through the streets of
Sukhumi rounding up all civilians that they found. Men, women and children were executed in the streets, on the roads and inside their own
325:
militants stormed
Sukhumi early in the morning. Confronted by large numbers of combatants, the Georgian army units that remained in the city were unable to prevent the separatist advance into the city. By noon, separatist militants and their allies had taken over television buildings and bridges.
370:
The separatist forces committed widespread atrocities against the
Georgian civilian population, killing many women, children, and elderly, capturing some as hostages and torturing others ... they also killed large numbers of Georgian civilians who remained behind in Abkhaz-seized
426:
There are a number of conflicting claims as to whether the massacre was conducted by Abkhaz militias or those of their North
Caucasian allies. Allegedly, the commander of the separatist forces, partly responsible for the massacre was the deputy defence minister and "hero" of Abkhazia
377:
highly credible claims of atrocities, including the killing of civilians without regard for age or sex. Corpses recovered from Abkhaz-held territory showed signs of extensive torture. (The evidence available to Human Rights Watch supports the U.S. State
Department's findings.)
334:
apartments, houses and back yards. According to the witnesses, many people became objects of torture, and some were forced to watch as their own family members were killed—children in front of their parents, and parents in front of their children.
410:. 200,000 - 250,000 refugees (mainly Georgians) were forced out of Abkhazia. Violence continued in 1994 despite an agreement between the Georgian and Abkhazian governments for the deployment of a peacekeeping force from the
389:
fled the city only just before the arrival of separatist forces, having earlier committed to try to remain there as long as possible. Soon the forces overran the whole territory of
Abkhazia, except a small region of the
343:
The massacres occurred in the city park, in front of the governmental building, in schools and hospitals. Almost all members of the Abkhaz government (those who refused to leave the city) —
843:, in Beverly Crawford and Ronnie D Lipschutz (eds.), "The Myth of 'Ethnic Conflict': Politics, Economics, and Cultural Violence" (Berkeley: University of California, 1998). p. 263
1287:
443:
neighbours collaborating with the militants during the massacres in various neighbourhoods. Many people recall the commands given by
Russian officers: "Do not take prisoners alive!"
330:, where they intended to provide security for members of Abkhazian Autonomous Republic Government. By late afternoon, the city was overrun by separatists and their allies.
313:, which barred both sides from performing military operations. As part of the ceasefire, Georgian forces had withdrawn their heavy artillery and tanks from Sukhumi.
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Chervonnaia, Svetlana
Mikhailovna. Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia, and the Russian Shadow. Gothic Image Publications, 1994.
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U.S. State
Department, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1993, February 1994, pp. 877, 881.
439:. However, some refugees who survived the massacre have claimed that they recognized their Abkhaz and
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government until August 2008). The total defeat of the Georgian government forces was followed by the
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The 1994 U.S. State Department Country Reports also describes scenes of massive human rights abuse:
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Andersen, Andrew (October 2001). "Russia Versus Georgia: One Undeclared War in the Caucasus".
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811:"Georgia/Abkhazia: Violations of the Laws of War and Russia's Role in the Conflict"
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The rebuilding of Greater Russia: Putin's foreign policy towards the CIS countries
414:. Chechen militants who had fought on the side of Abkhazia later took part in the
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The Tale of Two Resorts: Abkhazia and Ajaria Before and Since the Soviet Collapse
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Georgia/Abkhazia: Violations of the Laws of War and Russia's Role in the Conflict
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On 27 September 1993, separatist forces violated the ceasefire initiated by the
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The international spread of ethnic conflict: fear, diffusion, and escalation
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The Conflict in Abkhazia: Dilemmas in Russian 'Peacekeeping' Policy
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Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia, and the Russian Shadow
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Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia, and the Russian Shadow
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Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia, and the Russian Shadow
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Documented accounts of ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia
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Violations of the laws of war and Russia's role in the conflict
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took place on 27 September 1993, during and after the fall of
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Georgian forces retreated to the Government building of the
661:
833:. 1992–1993 Documents, Materials, Evidences. Moscow, 1993.
820:. Royal Institute of International Affairs, February 1998.
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Ekedahl, Carolyn McGiffert; Goodman, Melvin Allan (2001).
571:
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394:(which remained under the control of the Georgian warlord
124:
population of Sukhumi, Georgian administration of Abkhazia
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Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States
431:. According to witness testimonies, the militants spoke
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Video file, ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia
987:
September 1993 Transair Georgia airliner shootdowns
717:
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285:civilians of Sukhumi, mainly by militia forces of
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319:Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
141:Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
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740:chechen militants abkhazia first chechen war.
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780:Human Rights Watch interviews, August 1993.
716:Lake, David A.; Rothschild, Donald (1998).
408:ethnic cleansing of the Georgian population
277:into separatist hands in the course of the
158:Ethnic cleansing of the Georgian population
948:1991 Abkhazian New Union Treaty referendum
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1329:Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia
1009:1993–2009 United Nations observer mission
490:(in Russian). О-во грузин в России. 1997.
453:Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia
297:campaign carried out by the separatists.
768:Shamil Basaev – the No 1 enemy of Russia
754:Basaev's comrades-in-arms go to Abkhazia
1301:
724:. Princeton University Press. p.
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468:United Nations resolutions on Abkhazia
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662:Europa Publications Limited (1998).
293:allies. It became part of a violent
1041:2007 Georgia plane downing incident
813:. Published on hrw.org, March 1995.
802:Chervonnaia, Svetlana Mikhailovna.
559:Chervonnaia, Svetlana Mikhailovna.
546:Chervonnaia, Svetlana Mikhailovna.
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1349:1990s murders in Georgia (country)
1051:2008 Georgian spy plane shootdowns
806:. Gothic Image Publications, 1994.
412:Commonwealth of Independent States
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563:. Gothic Image Publications, 1994
1339:1993 crimes in Georgia (country)
1283:Abkhazia–Georgia separation line
1078:Battle off the coast of Abkhazia
1036:2007 Georgia helicopter incident
641:British Broadcasting Corporation
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977:1992–1993 Siege of Tkvarcheli
328:Abkhazian Autonomous Republic
281:. It was perpetrated against
1288:Tatunashvili–Otkhozoria List
972:October 1992 Battle of Gagra
954:1991–1993 Georgian Civil War
631:"Abkhazia 'on verge of war'"
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1083:Battle of the Kodori Valley
757:, Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 2004
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27:War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
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877:(right-click to open file)
871:(right-click to open file)
695:. Routledge. p. 125.
668:. Routledge. p. 364.
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882:Sukhumi 27.09.93 (Video)
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1364:Anti-Georgian sentiment
1072:2008 Russo-Georgian War
689:Nygren, Bertil (2008).
112:Anti-Georgian sentiment
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831:White Book of Abkhazia
550:. p 87, Fall of Gagra.
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38:; 31 years ago
36:27 September 1993
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1014:1994 Moscow agreement
837:Derluguian, Georgi M.
593:. Brassey's. p.
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1123:Military of Abkhazia
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1248:Eduard Shevardnadze
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943:1989 Sukhumi riots
858:Human Rights Watch
751:Anatoly Gordienko
525:, October 4, 1993.
517:"Siege of Sukhumi"
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881:
840:
830:
827:Moscow, 1996
824:
817:
803:
797:Bibliography
785:
776:
767:
762:
753:
747:
739:
719:
711:
691:
684:
664:
657:
645:. Retrieved
634:
625:
616:
608:
588:
580:
560:
555:
547:
542:
520:
512:
507:, March 1995
496:
487:
482:
425:
422:Perpetrators
392:Kodori Gorge
385:
375:
369:
365:
342:
337:
332:
304:
270:
268:
257:
1235:Key leaders
1149:Key leaders
770:, BBC, 2002
258:2nd Sukhumi
226:1st Sukhumi
129:Perpetrator
95: /
70:Coordinates
1303:Categories
1216:Mkhedrioni
931:Key events
856:report by
371:territory.
361:Raul Eshba
241:Ochamchire
236:Tkvarcheli
83:41°00′55″E
80:43°00′12″N
43:1993-09-27
865:(Russian)
647:4 January
400:July 2006
382:Aftermath
171:Displaced
1276:See also
636:BBC News
609:sukhumi.
463:Abkhazia
447:See also
441:Armenian
283:Georgian
252:massacre
250:Kamani (
122:Georgian
59:Abkhazia
51:Location
25:Part of
1359:Sukhumi
437:Russian
404:Tbilisi
323:Cossack
275:Sukhumi
246:Gumista
155:Outcome
63:Georgia
55:Sukhumi
41: (
732:
699:
672:
601:
398:until
359:, and
315:Abkhaz
301:Events
287:Abkhaz
174:50,000
163:Deaths
118:Target
108:Motive
474:Notes
231:Gagra
730:ISBN
697:ISBN
670:ISBN
649:2011
599:ISBN
522:Time
435:and
321:and
269:The
33:Date
887:wmv
726:186
595:142
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