369:, as a district synod of the Ohio Synod, it was originally called the Synod and Ministerium of the English Evangelical Lutheran Churches in Ohio and Adjacent States (and later, the English Evangelical Lutheran Synod and Ministerium of Ohio and Adjacent States). By the terms of its creation, it was not allowed to join another synod without the permission of the Ohio Synod. However, the majority of its congregations severed their connection with the Ohio Synod in 1840 and joined the General Synod in 1844. The district minority continued to operate in association with the Ohio Synod until 1855, when a majority of the minority also broke ties and joined the General Synod as the English Synod and Ministerium. The remaining minority formed a new district synod of the Ohio Synod at Circleville, Ohio, in 1857, but it then joined the
314:) from 1818 to 1849, and the Synod and Ministerium of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the State of Ohio from 1830 to 1843. It finally adopted the name Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio and Other States by about 1850, and used that name or slight variants thereafter. The term "Joint Synod" reflected the division of the synod into Eastern and Western districts or "district synods" in 1831, and the organization of a non-geographical English District in 1836 to assist the increasing numbers of
416:
In
October 1870, the Joint Synod of Ohio contacted several of the conservative Midwestern Lutheran synods that opposed the General Synod and had either never joined the General Council or had withdrawn from it, to discuss the possibility of a union. This led to the Joint Synod of Ohio, the
464:
A group of congregations within the Ohio Synod disagreed with the synod's position on the controversy and left to form the
Evangelical Lutheran Concordia Synod of Pennsylvania and Other States, joined the Synodical Conference in 1882, and merged into the Missouri Synod in 1886.
457:) he foresaw they would have, while the Missouri and Wisconsin synods held that the cause is wholly due to God's grace. Efforts made between 1903 and 1929 to reach agreement on the issue were ultimately unsuccessful. During this time,
548:, with two students in attendance. A year later the seminary was relocated to Columbus, Ohio. Growth in the range of subjects offered led to the division of the institution into two parts. The non-theological secular programs became
426:
281:, so the Ohio Conference instead merely licensed them to preach. To remedy this problem, the conference asked for and received permission from the Pennsylvania Ministerium to form a new synod, and on September 14, 1818, in
277:. However, the Ohio Conference was not an independent synod, so any candidates for the pastoral office were required to travel to Pennsylvania for ordination. Most candidates found it difficult to make that trip across the
381:
In 1866, the
Pennsylvania Ministerium proposed a union of Lutheran synods to a number of conservative synods, including the Ohio Synod, that were dissatisfied with the theological direction being taken in the
206:. The synod was formed on September 14, 1818, and adopted the name Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio and Other States by about 1850. It used that name or slight variants until it merged with the
303:
287:
602:
The college division of St. Paul Luther
College, Seminary, and Academy continued operating in Afton, Minnesota, from 1884 to 1893, and in Saint Paul from 1893 to 1935, at which time it merged into
383:
343:
373:
in 1867 without the approval of the Ohio Synod, and broke ties with the Ohio Synod in 1869. Again, a minority decided to remain with the Ohio Synod and formed a new
English district synod.
996:
391:
370:
976:
Abriss der
Geschichte der evangelisch-lutherischen Synode von Ohio u. a. Staaten, in einfacher Darstellung, von ihren ersten Anfängen bis zum Jahre 1846 : nebst einem Anhang
1011:
449:" led to the Ohio Synod leaving the Synodical Conference. In that controversy the Ohio and Norwegian synods held that God elects people to salvation "in view of the faith" (
434:
269:
and John
Michael Steck. These pastors began meeting together as the Ohio Conference of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, with the first convention on October 17–19, 1812, in
408:
and other secret societies. Failure to reach agreement with the
General Council on these points led the Ohio Joint Synod to look elsewhere for affiliations and allies.
438:
85:
404:, allowing non-Lutherans to commune at Lutheran altars, allowing non-Lutheran ministers to preach in Lutheran pulpits, and permitting Lutherans to hold membership in
394:. The Ohio Synod sent representatives to the convention, but declined membership until differences on certain points of doctrine could be addressed. Those so-called
258:
991:
583:
A "practical" seminary requiring less academic study was begun as a department of the
Theological Seminary in 1881. It moved in 1884 to a separate campus in
301:
The synod was known under several other names during its history, including the German
Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium in Ohio and the Neighboring States (
1006:
560:. The Theological Seminary continued to serve as a seminary of the Joint Synod of Ohio's successor church bodies, the first and second instances of the
262:
1001:
791:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
634:, from 1907 until 1911, when the theological department was discontinued, and 1917, when the remaining college department was discontinued.
529:
693:
505:
614:, in 1911, added a junior college in 1924 as Hebron College and Academy, and closed in 1942. Similarly, St. John's Academy opened in
496:
synods that were also largely composed of German-American Lutherans in the Midwest. In 1930, those three synods merged to form the
346:
being organized, but, for "practical reasons" rather than theological ones, decided not to. The establishment of relations with
533:
430:
599:, in 1932, shortly after the merger of the two German-based synods into the first American Lutheran Church two years earlier.
733:
354:
in the early 1840s resulted in an increasing conservative movement with the synod taking a stronger stance in support of the
524:
joined in the new ALC in 1963. In 1988, after only 28 years of existence, the second ALC body merged with the eastern-based
468:
By the 1910s, administrative offices for the synod with a president and a few secretaries and staff had been established in
221:
In 1929, just before its merger into the ALC, the Ohio Joint Synod had 768 pastors, 876 congregations, and 166,521 members.
1016:
610:. The Ohio Synod also operated several educational institutions that were relatively short-lived: Hebron Academy opened in
422:
331:
396:
198:, was a German-language Lutheran denomination whose congregations were originally located primarily in the U.S. state of
905:
618:, in 1921, added a junior college in 1931 to become St. John's Academy and College, and closed in 1933 in the deepening
509:
489:
488:
During the discussions with the Missouri and Wisconsin synods, the Ohio Joint Synod continued to work with the smaller
418:
207:
591:, and became part of the St. Paul Luther College, Seminary, and Academy. That seminary merged into the Iowa Synod's
504:. After three decades of existence, the first ALC led the movement for a first multi-ethnic union in 1960 with the
497:
270:
215:
151:
592:
347:
513:
679:
458:
889:
863:
801:
525:
335:
968:
History of the Evangelical Joint Synod of Ohio and Other States: From the Earliest Beginnings to 1919
667:
615:
577:
557:
493:
473:
211:
80:
561:
386:. Ten of those synods adopted a proposed constitution and in a convention on November 20, 1867, in
327:
254:
132:
265:, to minister to the immigrants. By 1818, the Ministerium had sent another ten pastors, including
627:
175:
365:
The English District that had been formed in 1836 underwent a number of divisions. Organized in
827:
517:
339:
274:
588:
569:
565:
285:, the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Preachers in Ohio and the Adjacent States (
278:
58:
296:
General Conferenz der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Prediger in Ohio und den angrenzenden Staaten
796:
655:
521:
442:
351:
8:
839:
643:
631:
532:(which was a theological split from the Missouri Synod in 1974–1976) to form the current
387:
246:
926:
Documentary history of the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
549:
477:
573:
312:
Das Deutsche Evangelisch Lutherische Ministerium in Ohio und den benachbarten Staaten
69:
528:(which itself was a 1962 union of four smaller various ethnic-based synods) and the
910:(Second Revised and Enlarged ed.). Burlington, Iowa: The German Literary Board
619:
611:
603:
584:
315:
959:
Geschichte der Allgemeinen Evang.-lutherischen Synode von Ohio und anderen Staaten
958:
924:
623:
359:
355:
307:
291:
235:
587:, and named Luther Seminary. In 1892, it moved again to the Phalen Park area of
673:
501:
469:
450:
446:
366:
282:
242:
122:
110:
985:
607:
596:
401:
203:
95:
661:
553:
545:
725:
461:
left the Missouri Synod to become a seminary professor in the Ohio Synod.
967:
649:
512:(mainly Danish-American Lutherans) to form a new body named similarly as
266:
238:
253:, with the numbers increasing after Ohio gained statehood in 1803. The
38:
576:, and associated with the Lutheran Church in America, to form today's
715:, "Ohio and Other States, The Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of".
392:
General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America
326:
The theology of the Ohio Synod was initially shaped by that of the
48:
405:
400:, all of which the Ohio Synod opposed, concerned the teaching of
792:"Ohio and Other States, The Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of"
882:
Lueker, Erwin L.; Poellot, Luther; Jackson, Paul, eds. (2000).
790:
Lueker, Erwin L.; Poellot, Luther; Jackson, Paul, eds. (2000).
883:
860:
A Century of Grace: A History of the Missouri Synod 1847–1947
815:
350:
and the immigration of additional Lutheran pastors from the
997:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America predecessor churches
250:
199:
99:
544:
In 1830, the synod instituted its Theological Seminary in
439:
Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America
188:
Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio and Other States
22:
Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio and Other States
564:(1930–1960 and 1960–1988). In 1978, it merged with the
1012:
Lutheran denominations established in the 19th century
664:, president of the Ohio Synod, 1860–1878 and 1880–1894
241:
began to move west from the original 13 states on the
881:
845:
833:
789:
712:
626:, from 1882 to 1923; a second practical seminary in
622:. Other schools included Woodville Normal School in
445:. However, in 1881, less than a decade later, the "
16:
Defunct Christian denomination in the United States
759:
747:
536:which has about two-thirds of American Lutherans.
929:. Philadelphia: General Council Publication House
907:A Brief History of the Lutheran Church in America
771:
983:
508:(mainly Norwegian-American Lutherans) and the
978:. Columbus, OH: Ohio Synodal-Druckerei, 1880.
646:, last president of the Ohio Synod, 1924–1930
630:, from 1887 to 1912; and Pacific Seminary in
992:History of Christianity in the United States
971:. Columbus, OH: Lutheran Book Concern, 1919.
556:suburb, and the seminary was renamed as the
530:Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches
273:. and the last on September 20–24, 1817, in
1007:Religious organizations established in 1819
342:. In 1820, the synod discussed joining the
922:
821:
568:, which was the theological department of
539:
321:
558:Evangelical Lutheran Theological Seminary
474:Evangelical Lutheran Theological Seminary
1002:Lutheran denominations in North America
857:
652:, one of the founders of the Ohio Synod
411:
318:ministers, congregations, and members.
202:, later expanding to most parts of the
984:
534:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
734:Association of Religion Data Archives
257:sent two itinerant Lutheran pastors,
903:
777:
765:
753:
718:
229:
13:
943:
510:United Evangelical Lutheran Church
376:
344:Evangelical Lutheran General Synod
245:coast into the portion of the old
72:districts, and local congregations
14:
1028:
783:
637:
552:(chartered in 1850) at Columbus'
923:Ochsenford, Solomon Erb (1912).
516:(The ALC), with headquarters in
472:, near its publishing house and
851:
271:Washington County, Pennsylvania
30:Ohio Synod, Joint Synod of Ohio
956:Peter, P. A. and Wm. Schmidt.
951:A Century of Lutherans in Ohio
888:(Online ed.). St. Louis:
730:American Denomination Profiles
500:(1930–1960), headquartered in
356:Lutheran doctrinal confessions
1:
874:
658:seminary professor and author
593:Wartburg Theological Seminary
135:(Ministerium of Pennsylvania)
514:The American Lutheran Church
338:and the New Measures of the
234:During the 1780s and 1790s,
7:
1017:1819 establishments in Ohio
858:Baepler, Walter A. (1947).
846:Christian Cyclopedia (2000)
834:Christian Cyclopedia (2000)
713:Christian Cyclopedia (2000)
680:Frederick William Stellhorn
506:Evangelical Lutheran Church
459:Frederick William Stellhorn
10:
1033:
890:Concordia Publishing House
864:Concordia Publishing House
802:Concordia Publishing House
526:Lutheran Church in America
483:
447:Predestination Controversy
441:, on July 10–16, 1872, in
348:Johann Konrad Wilhelm Löhe
224:
214:in 1930 to form the first
836:, "Synodical Conference".
668:Blanche Margaret Milligan
616:Petersburg, West Virginia
578:Trinity Lutheran Seminary
249:that is now the state of
174:
166:
158:
147:
139:
128:
116:
106:
91:
81:National Lutheran Council
76:
64:
54:
44:
34:
26:
21:
686:
562:American Lutheran Church
498:American Lutheran Church
328:Pennsylvania Ministerium
255:Pennsylvania Ministerium
218:(ALC), 1930–1960.
216:American Lutheran Church
190:, commonly known as the
152:American Lutheran Church
133:Pennsylvania Ministerium
962:. Columbus, OH: , 1900.
628:Hickory, North Carolina
540:Seminaries and colleges
322:Theological development
953:. Antioch Press, 1966.
949:Allbeck, Willard Dow.
518:Minneapolis, Minnesota
476:(1830) and affiliated
454:
340:Second Great Awakening
311:
295:
275:New Philadelphia, Ohio
143:English District Synod
589:Saint Paul, Minnesota
570:Wittenberg University
566:Hamma Divinity School
279:Appalachian Mountains
259:Wilhelm Georg Forster
59:Confessional Lutheran
904:Neve, J. L. (1916).
885:Christian Cyclopedia
797:Christian Cyclopedia
656:Richard C. H. Lenski
522:Lutheran Free Church
443:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
412:Synodical Conference
352:German Confederation
86:Synodical Conference
848:, "Chicago Theses".
824:, pp. 153–156.
644:Carl Christian Hein
632:Olympia, Washington
388:Fort Wayne, Indiana
247:Northwest Territory
192:Joint Synod of Ohio
120:September 14, 1818
550:Capital University
478:Capital University
390:, established the
102:and nearby states.
965:Sheatsley, C. V.
676:, Lutheran pastor
574:Springfield, Ohio
358:contained in the
298:) was organized.
184:
183:
84:Former member of
1024:
938:
936:
934:
919:
917:
915:
900:
898:
896:
868:
867:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
812:
810:
808:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
744:
742:
740:
722:
716:
710:
620:Great Depression
612:Hebron, Nebraska
604:Wartburg College
585:Afton, Minnesota
316:English-speaking
306:
290:
230:Origin and names
98:, especially in
68:National synod,
19:
18:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1021:
982:
981:
946:
944:Further reading
941:
932:
930:
913:
911:
894:
892:
877:
872:
871:
866:. p. 1621.
856:
852:
844:
840:
832:
828:
822:Ochsenford 1912
820:
816:
806:
804:
788:
784:
776:
772:
764:
760:
752:
748:
738:
736:
724:
723:
719:
711:
694:
689:
640:
624:Woodville, Ohio
542:
486:
435:Norwegian Synod
427:Minnesota Synod
423:Wisconsin Synod
414:
379:
377:General Council
371:General Council
360:Book of Concord
332:Tennessee Synod
324:
302:
286:
263:Johannes Stauch
236:German-speaking
232:
227:
121:
83:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1030:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
980:
979:
974:Spielmann, C.
972:
963:
954:
945:
942:
940:
939:
920:
901:
878:
876:
873:
870:
869:
850:
838:
826:
814:
782:
770:
768:, p. 348.
758:
756:, p. 347.
746:
717:
691:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
677:
674:Wilhelm Sihler
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
639:
638:Notable people
636:
541:
538:
502:Columbus, Ohio
485:
482:
470:Columbus, Ohio
431:Illinois Synod
419:Missouri Synod
413:
410:
378:
375:
367:Somerset, Ohio
323:
320:
283:Somerset, Ohio
231:
228:
226:
223:
182:
181:
178:
172:
171:
170:166,521 (1929)
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
130:
126:
125:
123:Somerset, Ohio
118:
114:
113:
111:Columbus, Ohio
108:
104:
103:
93:
89:
88:
78:
74:
73:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
36:
35:Classification
32:
31:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1029:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
977:
973:
970:
969:
964:
961:
960:
955:
952:
948:
947:
928:
927:
921:
909:
908:
902:
891:
887:
886:
880:
879:
865:
862:. St. Louis:
861:
854:
847:
842:
835:
830:
823:
818:
803:
799:
798:
793:
786:
780:, p. 90.
779:
774:
767:
762:
755:
750:
735:
731:
727:
721:
714:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
692:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
608:Waverly, Iowa
605:
600:
598:
597:Dubuque, Iowa
594:
590:
586:
581:
580:in Columbus.
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
481:
479:
475:
471:
466:
462:
460:
456:
455:intuitu fidei
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
409:
407:
403:
402:millennialism
399:
398:
393:
389:
385:
384:General Synod
374:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
299:
297:
293:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
237:
222:
219:
217:
213:
212:Buffalo Synod
209:
205:
204:United States
201:
197:
193:
189:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
159:Congregations
157:
153:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
129:Branched from
127:
124:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
96:United States
94:
90:
87:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
40:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
975:
966:
957:
950:
931:. Retrieved
925:
912:. Retrieved
906:
893:. Retrieved
884:
859:
853:
841:
829:
817:
805:. Retrieved
795:
785:
773:
761:
749:
737:. Retrieved
729:
726:"Ohio Synod"
720:
662:Matthias Loy
601:
582:
546:Canton, Ohio
543:
487:
467:
463:
437:forming the
415:
395:
380:
364:
325:
300:
233:
220:
195:
191:
187:
185:
107:Headquarters
77:Associations
70:middle level
27:Abbreviation
933:October 14,
914:October 25,
778:Neve (1916)
766:Neve (1916)
754:Neve (1916)
739:October 28,
682:, professor
650:Paul Henkel
397:Four Points
267:Paul Henkel
154:(1930-1960)
148:Merged into
140:Separations
45:Orientation
986:Categories
875:References
807:August 17,
433:, and the
208:Iowa Synod
196:Ohio Synod
180:768 (1929)
162:876 (1929)
39:Protestant
895:August 8,
362:of 1580.
334:, and by
304:‹See Tfd›
288:‹See Tfd›
239:Lutherans
176:Ministers
65:Structure
670:, author
480:(1850).
336:unionism
330:and the
243:Atlantic
210:and the
55:Theology
49:Lutheran
494:Buffalo
484:Mergers
406:Masonic
225:History
194:or the
167:Members
554:Bexley
520:. The
429:, the
425:, the
421:, the
308:German
292:German
117:Origin
92:Region
687:Notes
451:Latin
935:2015
916:2015
897:2015
809:2023
741:2015
492:and
490:Iowa
261:and
251:Ohio
200:Ohio
186:The
100:Ohio
606:in
595:in
572:in
988::
800:.
794:.
732:.
728:.
695:^
453::
310::
294::
937:.
918:.
899:.
811:.
743:.
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